1
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Semail NF, Keyon ASA, Saad B, Kamaruzaman S, Zain NNM, Lim V, Miskam M, Abdullah WNW, Raoov M, Yahaya N. Induced sample via transient isotachophoresis mediated with sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the dual-stacking strategy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Vaas APJP, Yu RB, Quirino JP. In-line sample concentration in capillary electrophoresis by cyclodextrin to admicelle microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6671-6680. [PMID: 35978220 PMCID: PMC9411250 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) as a pseudophase in pseudophase-to-pseudophase microextraction (P2ME) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are proposed. In this P2ME mode called CD to admicelle ME, a long plug of dilute analyte solution prepared in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the critical micellar concentration was injected into the capillary. This formed CTAB admicelles at the interface between the solution and the negatively charged capillary surface, where the analytes were trapped. The injection of CD solution released the admicelles and the analytes from the capillary surface due to the formation of stable CD/CTAB inclusion complexes. The analytes are concentrated at the CD front during injection and voltage separation. Various neutral CDs were found to be effective for CD to admicelle ME. To implement this in-line sample concentration technique in CZE, CD concentration, sample injection time, and sample:CD solution injection ratio were optimized. The optimized conditions for five model anionic analytes, namely, 4-bromophenol, sulindac, sulfamethizole, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and succinylsulfathiazole, were 20 mM α-CD in 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) solution, sample injection time of 370 s, and CD:sample injection ratio of 1:2. The sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) were between 112 and 168. The SEFs of sulindac and sulfamethizole in particular were similar to previously published off-line microextraction techniques, which are typically time-consuming. The calculated values of LOQ, intra-/inter-day (n = 6/n = 10, 3 days) repeatability, and linearity (R2) of CD to admicelle ME were 0.0125-0.05 µg/mL, 1.5-4.6%, 1.8-4.8%, and ≥0.999, respectively. Finally, the potential of CD to admicelle ME to the analysis of artificial urine samples was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaravaas Patabadige Jude P Vaas
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Raymond B Yu
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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3
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Chu C, Zang Y, Li J, Zou Y, Gao W, Lv Y, Li C, Tong S, Liu EH, Peng X, Tang L. Online preconcentration and determination of anthraquinones in Cassiae Semen tea by salting-out assisted liquid‒liquid extraction coupled with dynamic pH junction-sweeping-large volume sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Cheng CW, Kou HS, Wu SM, Wang CC. A chemometric experimental design with three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis for analysis of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463283. [PMID: 35810639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) as carcinogens endanger our health and life from cigarette products. However, the safe range of TSNAs levels in commercial cigarette products has not yet been established. For the purpose of safety and supervision, a three-step stacking approach including field amplified sample injection (FASI), sweeping, and analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC), was developed for the simultaneous determination of five TSNAs levels in cigarette products. This approach also involved aspects of chemometric experimental design, including fractional factorial design and central composite design. After the multilevel optimization of the experimental design, the five TSNAs were well separated. The LOD (S/N = 3) values of the N´-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N´-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N´-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the FASI-sweeping-AFMC CE approach were 1.000 ng/mL, 0.500 ng/mL, 0.125 ng/mL, 1.000 ng/mL, and 0.500 ng/mL respectively. The results of relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (RE) were all less than 3.35%, demonstrating good precision and accuracy. Finally, this novel approach was further applied to monitor three commercial cigarette products, and a range of 250.1-336.6 ng/g for NNN, 481.6-526.7 ng/g for NAT, 82.2-247.6 ng/g for NAB, 167.7-473.7 ng/g for NNAL, and 39.4-246.7 ng/g for NNK could be observed among these. Based on these results, the novel CE stacking strategy was successfully applied for the analysis of five TSNAs levels in cigarette products and could serve as a tool for assays of quality control of nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwang-Shang Kou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Mei Wu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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5
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Yu YL, Zhu SC, Shi MZ, Liu FM, Cao J. Two-step micelle-to-solvent stacking of arsenic species from foods in permanently coated tubing for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Gu YX, Yan TC, Yue ZX, Liu FM, Cao J, Ye LH. Recent developments and applications in the microextraction and separation technology of harmful substances in a complex matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Chu C, Zang Y, Yang F, Zou Y, Li J, Liu EH, Yi T, Yan J, Tong S. A simple and sensitive preconcentration strategy by coupling salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction with online three-step stacking for the determination of potent anti-tumour compound vinblastine and its precursor in biological samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1664:462794. [PMID: 34998026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive capillary electrophoresis strategy was developed by combining salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and online three-step stacking to detect trace quantities of antitumour indole alkaloids in complex biological samples. The proposed strategy fully exploits these two technologies such that extraction, online stacking and separation are combined in a fast and efficient manner. First, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract three indole alkaloids (vinblastine sulfate, catharanthine sulfate and vindoline) from complex biomasses. An appropriate volume of acetonitrile (ACN) was mixed with a faecal aqueous solution to precipitate proteins. The mixed solution was vortexed, followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) to induce two-phase separation. Alkaloids were effectively extracted into the organic phase, which was then subjected to capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis was effectively improved by online three-step stacking. Good linearity of the calibration curve for each indole alkaloid was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-1 μg/mL. Under optimal conditions, the sensitivity of ordinary injection was increased by up to 2366-fold, confirming the applicability of the proposed strategy for the sensitive determination of trace indole alkaloids in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yaping Zang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
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Ibrahim F, Elmansi H, Aboshabana R. Assessment of two analgesic drugs through fluorescence quenching of acriflavine as a new green methodology. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Fanali C, D’Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs by using Microfluidic Techniques: A Review. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200401124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper, miniaturized techniques, including both electromigration and liquid
chromatographic techniques, have been discussed considering their main features in the analytical field
for the separation and analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) and nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC), separation is performed in capillaries
with Internal Diameter (I.D.) lower than 100 μm and therefore flow rates in the range 100-1000 nL/min
are applied. Therefore, due to the low flow rate, high mass sensitivity can be obtained. Usually, conventional
UV detectors are used on-line; however, these techniques can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry
(MS). CE and nano-LC have also been applied to the separation of NSAIDs using silica stationary
phases (SP) modified with C<sub>18</sub> promoting interaction with analytes mainly based on hydrophobic
interaction. Besides, the use of chiral SP was found to be effective for the chiral resolution of these
compounds. In addition to silica phases, monolithic (both organic and inorganic) material has also been
used. Although most of the presented studies aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the considered
microfluidic techniques, some applications to real samples have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome,Italy
| | - Giovanni D’Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo,Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza“, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma,Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona,Italy
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10
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Chu C, Liu C, Yang F, Lian L, Li J, Mao H, Yan J. A dual preconcentration method by combining micro matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction with field-enhanced sample injection and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking for sensitive analysis of neutral coumarins. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1102-1107. [PMID: 33368428 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, environmental friendly dual preconcentration method by combining micro matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction with field-enhanced sample injection and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the determination of furocoumarins. Molecular sieve, KIT-6, was used as an adsorbent in micro matrix solid-phase dispersion process. The important parameters affecting off-line and online CE preconcentration efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, all analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999). The LODs of notopterol, isoimperatorin, and imperatorin were 0.1 μg/mL, 1.2 mg/kg, and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the normal CE method, the enrichment times were up to 300. Moreover, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was used as the mode of complex solid sample matrix to demonstrate the prospect of application of this methodology. The results showed the proposed strategy is promising for determining trace furocoumarins in complex matrix samples, which might be applied as a powerful and economic tool in monitoring illegal cosmetic adding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Caijing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linmin Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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11
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Chu C, Wei M, Liu C, Li H, Cao J, Yan J. Over 1000-fold improvement in an online preconcentration of trace anionic compounds by capillary electrophoresis with ionic liquid micelle-based three-step stacking. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Breadmore MC, Grochocki W, Kalsoom U, Alves MN, Phung SC, Rokh MT, Cabot JM, Ghiasvand A, Li F, Shallan AI, Keyon ASA, Alhusban AA, See HH, Wuethrich A, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2016-2018). Electrophoresis 2018; 40:17-39. [PMID: 30362581 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of capillary and microchip electrophoresis is the poor sensitivity. This review continues to update this series of biannual reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, on developments in the field of online/in-line concentration methods in capillaries and microchips, covering the period July 2016-June 2018. It includes developments in the field of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large-volume sample stacking, through to isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction, and sweeping. Attention is also given to online or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wojciech Grochocki
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mónica N Alves
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Joan M Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Aliaa I Shallan
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aemi S Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ala A Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Yang X, Hao L, Zhang S, Wang C, Wang Z. Sweeping-micelle to solvent stacking for the on-line preconcentration and determination of organic acids in Angelica sinensis by capillary electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7949-7955. [PMID: 35542004 PMCID: PMC9078526 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel on-line two-step stacking preconcentration method by sweeping plus micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis was developed for the simultaneous determination of three organic anions (vanillic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid) in Angelica sinensis. Hexadimethrine bromide was used for electroosmotic flow reversal. The main experimental parameters that affected the separation and sensitivity were investigated and optimized. The best separation was achieved in 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 12.0) containing 50% methanol (v/v) under a negative voltage of 20 kV. The micellar solution was a mixed solution comprised of 12 mM cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and 20 mM ammonium acetate. After injecting a short plug (0.5 psi, 30 s) of micellar solution, the sample was introduced into the capillary at 0.5 psi for 45 s. Under the optimal conditions, the sensitivity enhancement factors obtained by the developed method were between 42 and 77. The intra-day (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 5) precisions of the method expressed as their relative standard deviations were found to be less than 7.2%. The Angelica sinensis sample was pulverized and then refluxed in 95% ethanol and filtered. After an aliquot of the extractant was dried, it was reconstituted in 20 mM ammonium acetate for capillary electrophoresis analysis. The recoveries of the analytes by this method for the analysis of Angelica sinensis were in the range of 94.4% to 108.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China +86-312-7521513 +86-312-7521513
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China +86-312-7521513 +86-312-7521513
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China +86-312-7521513 +86-312-7521513
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China +86-312-7521513 +86-312-7521513
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China +86-312-7521513 +86-312-7521513
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Analysis of Three Compounds in Flos Farfarae by Capillary Electrophoresis with Large-Volume Sample Stacking. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:3813879. [PMID: 29056967 PMCID: PMC5605867 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3813879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a method combining an online concentration and high-efficiency capillary electrophoresis separation to analyze and detect three compounds (rutin, hyperoside, and chlorogenic acid) in Flos Farfarae. In order to get good resolution and enrichment, several parameters such as the choice of running buffer, pH and concentration of the running buffer, organic modifier, temperature, and separation voltage were all investigated. The optimized conditions were obtained as follows: the buffer of 40 mM NaH2P04-40 mM Borax-30% v/v methanol (pH 9.0); the sample hydrodynamic injection of up to 4 s at 0.5 psi; 20 kV applied voltage. The diode-array detector was used, and the detection wavelength was 364 nm. Based on peak area, higher levels of selective and sensitive improvements in analysis were observed and about 14-, 26-, and 5-fold enrichment of rutin, hyperoside, and chlorogenic acid were achieved, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine the three compounds in Flos Farfarae. The linear curve of peak response versus concentration was from 20 to 400 µg/ml, 16.5 to 330 µg/mL, and 25 to 500 µg/mL, respectively. The regression coefficients were 0.9998, 0.9999, and 0.9991, respectively.
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15
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The Concept of Stationary and Moving Boundaries Modelled as Accelerating or Decelerating Planes in the Understanding of Sweeping Processes Employed for Online Focusing in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Wuethrich A, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Simultaneous electrophoretic concentration and separation of herbicides in beer prior to stacking capillary electrophoresis UV and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1122-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
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17
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Mckeon L, Regan F, Burns B, Leonard R. Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2791-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mckeon
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
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Lu Y, Bai H, Kong C, Zhong H, Breadmore MC. Analysis of brazilin and protosappanin B in sappan lignum by capillary zone electrophoresis with acid barrage stacking. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:3326-32. [PMID: 24150968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed to determine brazilin and protosappanin B in natural products by CE after acid barrage stacking. The optimum conditions were as follows: a BGE of 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) containing 6% v/v of methanol, hydrodynamic injection (0.5 psi, 65 s) followed by hydrodynamic injection of 150 mM citric acid (pH 2.3; 0.5 psi, 22 s), and separated with +25 kV. Under these conditions, brazilin and protosappanin B were separated with a sample-to-sample time less than 13 min and detection limits of 0.28 μg/mL and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated by the detection of brazilin and protosappanin in methanol extract of sappan lignum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Lu
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
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20
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Kukusamude C, Srijaranai S, Quirino JP. Anionic microemulsion to solvent stacking for on-line sample concentration of cationic analytes in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1478-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyapuk Kukusamude
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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21
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Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Yang X, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang C, Wang Z. On-line two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis for the preconcentration of strychnine and brucine. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 814:63-8. [PMID: 24528845 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An on-line sample preconcentration method by two-step stacking i.e., sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking, in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been developed for the determination of strychnine and brucine in traditional Chinese herbal medicines. After experimental optimizations, the best separation was achieved by using 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with 30% methanol (v/v). Compared with normal CZE injection, 51- and 38-fold improvement in concentration sensitivity was achieved for strychnine and brucine, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.1-5.0 μg mL(-1) for both strychnine and brucine, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N=3) for both alkaloids were 0.01 μg mL(-1). The inter-day (n=8) and intra-day (n=5) reproducibilities expressed as the relative standard deviations for corrected peak area were less than 9.5%. The method was applied to determine strychnine and brucine in two Chinese herbal medicines, with recoveries ranging from 94.2% to 105.4%. The results indicated that the method is simple, rapid, reliable, and can be applied to determine strychnos alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China.
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23
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Development of Micellar to Solvent Stacking On-line Preconcentration Technique in Capillary Electrophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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XIAO J, HUANG Y, WANG M, CHEN G. Analysis of phthalate esters in plastic-packaging bags by on-line sample stacking-microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Se Pu 2013; 30:951-6. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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El-Awady M, Pyell U. Sweeping as a multistep enrichment process in micellar electrokinetic chromatography: The retention factor gradient effect. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:213-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Breadmore MC, Shallan AI, Rabanes HR, Gstoettenmayr D, Abdul Keyon AS, Gaspar A, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2010-2012). Electrophoresis 2013; 34:29-54. [PMID: 23161056 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CE has been alive for over two decades now, yet its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with updates published in 2009 and 2011 and covers material published through to June 2012. It includes developments in the field of stacking, covering all methods from field amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to online or inline extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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27
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El Deeb S, Dawwas HA, Gust R. Recent methodological and instrumental development in MEKC. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1295-303. [PMID: 23417897 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review gives an update about the methodological and instrumental developments in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography as a type of CE analytical technique. Here, the last two years development of the technique are particularly presented. Recent approaches to improve sensitivity are discussed. Newly introduced concentration techniques and experimental methods for verification of the different mechanisms and processes of micellar electrokinetic chromatography analysis are highlighted. A theoretical model to explain changes in separation and electrophoretic mobility order of fully charged analytes are demonstrated. Modern approaches for improving compatibility of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to mass spectrometry are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Enhancing the Sensitivity and Resolution of Capillary Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:666-83. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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29
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Šlampová A, Malá Z, Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:3-18. [PMID: 23161176 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a term denoting a multifarious class of methods and their names that are used daily in CE for online concentration of diluted samples to enhance separation efficiency and sensitivity of analyses. The essence of these methods is that analytes present at low concentrations in a large injected sample zone are concentrated into a short and sharp zone (stack) in the separation capillary. Then the stacked analytes are separated and detected. Regardless of the diversity of the stacking electromigration methods, one can distinguish four main principles that form the bases of nearly all of them: (i) Kohlrausch adjustment of concentrations, (ii) pH step, (iii) micellar methods, and (iv) transient ITP. This contribution is a continuation of our previous reviews on the topic and brings an overview of papers published during 2010-2012 and relevant to the mentioned principles (except the last one which is covered by another review in this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Rabanes HR, Aranas AT, Benbow NL, Quirino JP. Synergistic effect of field enhanced sample injection on micelle to solvent stacking in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Dziomba S, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Field-amplified sample stacking–sweeping of vitamins B determination in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Zhang S, Ma R, Yang X, Wang C, Wang Z. On-line sample concentration and determination of cationic alkaloids in human plasma by micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 906:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Wen Y, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2933-52. [PMID: 23019127 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-YIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, P. R. China
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34
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Quirino JP, Aranas AT. On-line sample concentration via micelle to solvent stacking of cations prepared with aqueous organic solvents in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2167-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Quirino JP, Aranas AT. Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection with on-line sample concentration via micelle to solvent stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 733:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Wei SY, Wang LF, Yang YH, Yeh HH, Chen YC, Chen SH. Sample stacking by field-amplified sample injection and sweeping for simultaneous analysis of acidic and basic components in clinic application. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1571-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yun Wei
- School of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Yeh
- School of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Chen
- School of Nursing; College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Su-Hwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
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37
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Review of recent developments of on-line sample stacking techniques and their application in capillary electrophoresis. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) has become one of the most useful tools in separation science because of its high separation efficiency, low cost, versatility, ease of sample preparation and automation. However, some limitations of CE, such as poor concentration sensitivity due to its lower sample loading and shorter optical path length, limits its further applications in separation science. In order to solve this problem, various on-line sample preconcentration techniques such as transient isotachophoresis preconcentration, field-enhanced sample stacking, micelle to solvent stacking, micelle collapse, dynamic pH junction, sweeping, solid phase extraction, single drop microextraction and liquid phase microextraction have been combined with CE. Recent developments, applications and some variants together with different combinations of these techniques integrating in CE are reviewed here and our discussions will be confined to the past three years (2008–2011).
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38
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Dziomba S, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Micelle to solvent stacking of tricyclic psychiatric drugs in capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Wang Q, Qiu H, Han H, Liu X, Jiang S. Two-step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long-chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:589-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Quirino JP, Aranas AT. Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Potential of long chain ionic liquids for on-line sample concentration techniques: Application to micelle to solvent stacking. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Micelle to solvent stacking of two alkaloids in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5867-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Dawod M, Chung DS. High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2790-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Determination of some sulfonylurea herbicides in soil by a novel liquid-phase microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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