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Zhu Y, Zuo F, Ouyang H, Chen L, Zhang M, Shang Y, Lv Z, Chang Y, He J. Determination of eleven components in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS for pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116315. [PMID: 38964166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is used as common health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which exerts pharmacological effects, such as anti-cardiovascular, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, hepatoprotective, blood pressure-lowering and neuroprotective. In this study, reliable, and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were developed and validated for the determination of eleven active components in rat plasma after oral administration of the CRP extract. The results of this method exhibited that the specificity, linearity (r > 0.999), precision and accuracy (the coefficient of variation (CV) < 11.5 %), recovery (52.9-107.9 %), matrix effects (63.8-107.5 %), and stability (CV < 10.8 %) met all requirements for the quantitation of plasma samples. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the Tmax of flavone glycosides was less than 0.7 h, and that of polymethoxyflavones and volatile components were within 1-7 h. Meanwhile, the area-under-the-curve (AUC) and concentration maximum (Cmax) of hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and D-limonene were higher than those of the other components, suggesting that the plasma exposure levels of these constituents were higher in CRP. The present research lays a foundation for elucidating the therapeutic material basis and provides a reference for further scientific research and clinical application of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fanjiao Zuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lu Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ye Shang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhenguo Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun He
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Yang B, Zhang Z, Song J, Qi T, Zeng J, Feng L, Jia X. Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective. Chin Med 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38238801 PMCID: PMC10797928 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Liu YK, Liu CJ, Tian RF, Liu XC, Zhang YW, Zhang FC, Zhang JH, Yao YC, Cao GY, Meng ZQ. Metabolic profiles of Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300788. [PMID: 38286727 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule (FXJC), a traditional Chinese medicine that evolved from "Yinqiao Powder", is widely used for the treatment of cold and influenza. However, due to a lack of in vivo metabolism research, the chemical components responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to describe the metabolic profiles of the FXJC in rat plasma, urine, and feces. A combined data mining strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed and 201 xenobiotics, including 117 prototype components and 84 metabolites were detected. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and lignans were prominent ingredients absorbed in vivo, and the major metabolic pathways of the detected metabolites were glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and oxidation. This is the first systematic study on the metabolism of the FXJC in vivo, providing valuable information for future studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of the FXJC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kang Liu
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ce-Jia Liu
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Fang Tian
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Cun Liu
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Zhang
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Yao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Yun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qing Meng
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, P. R. China
- Shandong Province Technical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, P. R. China
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Jiang L, Zhang W, Zhao W, Cai Y, Qin X, Wang B, Xue J, Wen Y, Wei Y, Hua Y, Yao W. Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box-Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process-Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:8124. [PMID: 38138612 PMCID: PMC10746038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). The comprehensive Y value score calculated using the content of 13 active ingredients in YJP ethanolic extracts (YEEs) and the yield of the dry extract were used as measuring criteria. RSM with a Box-Behnken design using three factors and three levels was adopted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP. Finally, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate its safety. The results revealed the best technological parameters: a liquid-material ratio of 24:1, an ethanol concentration of 69%, assistance of ultrasound (40 °C, 50 kHZ, 30 min), reflux time of 53 min, and reflux temperature of 50 °C. In acute toxicity tests, the maximum administration dosage in mice was 28.21 g/kg, which is higher than 10 times the clinical dosage. Adverse effects in the acute and subchronic toxicity tests were not observed. All clinical indexes were normal. In conclusion, the RSM based on AHP-CRITIC weight analysis could be used to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP and YEEs prepared under the above conditions and ensure high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wanling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.Q.); (B.W.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
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Yang XY, Zhu YW, Fan L, Yi SY. A strategy combining chemical analysis and network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral solution in cough. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5592. [PMID: 36733235 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral Solution (XQZS) is a commonly used TCM formula to treat cough in children in China. Its complicated composition renders its chemical analysis and mechanism elucidation difficult. To evaluate the bioactive components and mechanism of XQZS against cough, we used a combination strategy of chemical analysis and network pharmacology. A UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS method was established for the identification and qualitative analysis of components of XQZS, and a total of 33 components were unambiguously identified. Aiming at identifying the components, network pharmacology revealed 107 potential targets related to cough. Using protein-protein interactions analysis, nine core targets were selected. Several cough-related pathways were enriched using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse and dopaminergic synapse. The herb-compound-target-pathway network indicated that PTGS2 (COX-2) was the core target of XQZS against cough. To demonstrate the inhibition effects of the major components against the key target, a COX-2 inhibitor screening assay was used. Compounds P2, P4, P23 and P49 exhibited promising inhibition effects on COX-2 at 20 μm, with inhibitory rates of 55.80-69.87%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that XQZS may alleviate cough via the inhibition of PTGS2 (COX-2) and the regulation of the serotonergic synapse pathway. The chemical analysis and network pharmacology integrated evaluation provided an efficient strategy for discovering the key pharmacological mechanism of XQZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Shan-Yong Yi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China
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Kong S, Li P, Verpoorte R, Li M, Dai Y. Chemical and pharmacological difference between honey-fried licorice and fried licorice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115841. [PMID: 36270557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to textual research of books from ancient times till now, there are three main preparation methods of "fried licorice", including frying licorice without excipients (F), frying licorice after dipping with water (W), and frying licorice with honey (H). However, with the development over many successive generations, honey frying has gradually become the main processing form of licorice, whereas the fried licorice is nowadays rarely used. AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study were to clarify the differences of the three forms of "fried licorice" in chemical composition and pharmacological activities, and to screen quality markers for differently processed licorice. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for the rational choice of "fried licorice" as medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Non-target metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was conducted to compare the chemical differences between the differently processed licorice material. Pharmacodynamically, the differences in immunomodulatory activity (including intestinal flora experiment), anti-inflammatory activity, and hepatoprotective activity of the differently processed licorice were evaluated. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to screen potential quality markers of honey-fried licorice. The serum concentration of selected markers was determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis showed no difference in the chemical composition of F and W, whereas the chemical composition of H was significantly different from that of F and R. The immunomodulatory activity, anti-acute inflammatory effect, and hepatoprotective effect of licorice were significantly improved after frying with honey; No significant differences were observed between F and H in term of immunomodulatory activity and anti-acute inflammatory effect, whereas, H is better than F in terms of liver-protective activity. The intestinal flora experiment confirmed that H does have immunomodulatory activity, while F may induce an increased abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that the content of liquiritin (2), liquiritigenin (3), isoliquiritin (5), isoliquiritigenin (6) and glycyrrhizic acid (7) plusing glycyrrhetinic acid (8) in H group is closely correlated with its improved effects. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a scientific rational for the selection of "fried licorice" processing methods. In addition, it provides a scientific basis for the selection of quality markers of differently processed licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengyue Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700, Beijing, China.
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Tang Y, Ou S, Ye L, Wang S. Pharmacological Activities and Pharmacokinetics of Glycycoumarin. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2022; 33:471-483. [PMID: 36567915 PMCID: PMC9757630 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-022-00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycycoumarin is a representative coumarin compound with significant pharmacological activities isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Fabaceae. Studies have shown that glycycoumarin has many biological activities, such as anti-tumor, liver protection, antispasmodic, antibacterial, and antivirus. However, the poor solubility of glycycoumarin in water and the accompanying reactions of the phase I (hydroxylation) and II (glucuronidation) metabolism limit its druggability, which manifests as low absorption in the body after oral administration and low free drug concentration, ultimately leading to low bioavailability. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of glycycoumarin is presented to provide a reference for further research and application as a therapeutic agent. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-022-00342-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Tang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Shuiping Ou
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Linhu Ye
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Sen Wang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou China
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Shang Z, Liu C, Qiao X, Ye M. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine licorice (Gan-Cao): An update review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115686. [PMID: 36067839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, called Gan-Cao in China, is one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines. It is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata. Licorice is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of China, Japan, US, and Europe. AIM This review updates research progress of licorice from the perspectives of chemical analysis, quality evaluation, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetic studies from 2009 to April 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both English and Chinese literatures were collected from databases including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese). Licorice, extraction, structural characterization/identification, quality control, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords. RESULTS Newly developed analytical methods, including LC/UV, 2DLC, LC/MS, GC/MS, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for chemical analysis of licorice were summarized. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive summary on chemical analysis of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China; Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang J, Li H, Hou L, Sun J, Wang W, Li H, Yang W, Rong P, Nan T, Kang L, Yang B. Pharmacokinetics and metabolites of glycosides and lignans of the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis in functional dyspepsia and normal rats using LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3663-3678. [PMID: 35908283 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stem bark of Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of abdominal distention and functional dyspepsia. The pharmacokinetics of three glycosides (magnoloside A, magnoloside B, and syringin) and two lignans (honokiol and magnolol) in both of normal and functional dyspepsia rats were firstly investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method and the influences of the coexisting compounds on the pharmacokinetic parameters of honokiol and magnolol were also studied. It was found that all of the five target compounds were quickly absorbed and eliminated in both of normal and functional dyspepsia rats, while, their residence time was significantly decreased in pathological states except magnoloside A. The coexisting compounds in the stem bark of M. officinalis significantly reduced absorption and increased elimination of honokiol in vivo. It's worth noticing that the volume of distribution of lignan was quite lower than that of glycoside. Moreover, the metabolic profiling of magnoloside A, honokiol, and magnolol in vivo was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method, from which three prototypes were identified and thirty five metabolites were putatively characterized, and eighteen unknown metabolites were reasonably characterized for the first time. The results indicated that sulfation and glucuronidation were the main metabolic pathways of honokiol and magnolol. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liwei Hou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
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Wang Y, Ning Y, He T, Chen Y, Han W, Yang Y, Zhang CX. Explore the Potential Ingredients for Detoxification of Honey-Fired Licorice (ZGC) Based on the Metabolic Profile by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Front Chem 2022; 10:924685. [PMID: 35910719 PMCID: PMC9335949 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.924685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice is well known for its ability to reduce the toxicity of the whole prescription in traditional Chinese medicine theory. However, honey-fired licorice (ZGC for short), which is made of licorice after being stir-fried with honey water, is more commonly used for clinical practice. The metabolism in vivo and detoxification-related compounds of ZGC have not been fully elucidated. In this work, the chemical constituents in ZGC and its metabolic profile in rats were both identified by high ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The network pharmacology was applied to predict the potential detoxifying ingredients of ZGC. As a result, a total of 115 chemical compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in ZGC aqueous extract, and 232 xenobiotics (70 prototypes and 162 metabolites) were identified in serum, heart, liver, kidneys, feces, and urine. Furthermore, 41 compounds absorbed in serum, heart, liver, and kidneys were employed for exploring the detoxification of ZGC by network pharmacology. Ultimately, 13 compounds (five prototypes including P5, P24, P30, P41 and P44, and 8 phase Ⅰ metabolites including M23, M47, M53, M93, M100, M106, M118, and M134) and nine targets were anticipated to be potential mediums regulating detoxification actions. The network pharmacology analysis had shown that the ZGC could detoxify mainly through regulating the related targets of cytochrome P450 and glutathione. In summary, this study would help reveal potential active ingredients in vivo for detoxification of ZGC and provided practical evidence for explaining the theory of traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting He
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yingtong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinping Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cui-Xian Zhang,
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He S, Wang X, Chen J, Li X, Gu W, Zhang F, Cao G, Yu J. Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technology of Steroidal Saponins from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl and Evaluating Its Quality Planted in Different Areas. Molecules 2022; 27:1463. [PMID: 35268565 PMCID: PMC8911577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs with satisfactory therapeutic effects on invigorating Qi, nourishing Yin and moistening lungs, in which steroidal saponins are one class of important active substances. The main purpose is to determine the optimal extraction technology of steroidal saponins and evaluate the quality of P. kingianum planted in five different areas. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technology was established by using single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM), and the determination method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for dioscin and diosgenin, two primary types of acid-hydrolyzed steroidal saponins, was constructed with good linear range and precision. The results showed that UAE was an efficient extraction method for steroidal saponins, and the extraction yield was significantly affected by the liquid-solid ratio. The optimal extraction technology was generated following a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an ethanol concentration of 85% (v/v), an extraction time of 75 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C and three extractions, of which these parameters were in line with the predicted values calculated by RSM. Considering only dioscin and diosgenin, the quality of P. kingianum planted at five sample plots presented non-significant difference. However, the content of diosgenin in Pingbian Prefecture (PB) was higher than that of the other four areas with a value of 0.46 mg/g. Taken together, the optimal UAE technology for P. kingianum steroidal saponins was determined via RSM. The quality evaluation revealed that there was a non-significant difference among P. kingianum planted in different areas based on the contents of the sum of dioscin and diosgenin. This work has important reference value for the exploitation and utilization of P. kingianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqiang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaogang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wen Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guanhua Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
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12
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Chen N, Wang W, Xiang J, Li T, Wang L, Liang R, Yang B. The anti-hyperuricemic effect of flavonoid extract of saffron by-product and its pharmacokinetics in rats after oral administration. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:856-873. [PMID: 34921740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Only the dried stigma of the saffron, a flower deemed as the most valuable spice globally, is utilized for industrial production. Hence, there exists a growing interest in utilizing saffron floral bio-residues. The anti-hyperuricemic activity of a flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues was assessed in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. In addition, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established and validated to determine the pharmacokinetics of five main flavonoids and three phase-II metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of the flavonoid extract for the first time. Compared with pharmacokinetic parameters of kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, the most abundant flavonoid in the extract, and its aglycone kaempferol, we observed that coexisting compounds significantly reduced the absorption, accelerated the excretion of kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, while significantly increasing the absorption and prolonging the residence time of kaempferol in the flavonoid extract. These results suggest the promising potential of the flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues as an anti-hyperuricemic agent. Kaempferol was absorbed in plasma at high concentrations owing to the biotransformation of kaempferol glycosides in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xiang
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Sanechika S, Shimobori C, Ohbuchi K. Identification of herbal components as TRPA1 agonists and TRPM8 antagonists. J Nat Med 2021; 75:717-725. [PMID: 33877504 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective cation channels that are implicated in analgesia, bowel motility, wound healing, thermoregulation, vasodilation and voiding dysfunction. Many natural products have been reported to affect the activity of TRP channels. We hypothesize that numerous traditional herbal medicines (THMs) might exert their pharmacological activity through modulating the activity of TRP channels. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides, which are the main components of many THMs, on the TRP channel subtypes. A Ca2+ influx assay was performed using recombinant human TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPM8 cell lines. Our findings showed that flavonoid aglycones and glycycoumarin activated TRPA1. In particular, isoflavone and chalcone compounds displayed potent TRPA1 agonistic activity. Furthermore, flavone aglycones showed concomitant potent TRPM8 inhibiting activity. Indeed, flavone, isoflavone aglycones, non-prenylated chalcones and glycycoumarin were found to be TRPM8 inhibitors. Hence, flavonoid aglycones metabolized by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and β-glucosidase in the small intestine or gut microbiota of the large intestine could generate TRPA1 agonists and TRPM8 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sanechika
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Chika Shimobori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
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14
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Chen C, Yin Q, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. Studies on the Changes of Pharmacokinetics Behaviors of Phytochemicals and the Influence on Endogenous Metabolites After the Combination of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba Based on Multi-Component Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630970. [PMID: 33762950 PMCID: PMC7982521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba (RB-RPA) is a classic herb pair, which is commonly used to treat depression by soothing "liver qi stagnation" in the clinic. However, little is yet known concerning the combination mechanism of Radix Bupleuri (RB) and Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA), their bioactive forms in vivo and the regulatory effects on the organism. The present study aimed to elucidate the changes in multi-component pharmacokinetics (PK) behavior after the combination of RB and RPA by a high-resolution full-scan mode of UPLC-HRMS method (a total of 38 components PK profiles were obtained, of which 23 components come from RB and 15 components come from RPA). Moreover, the metabolomics approach was used to analyze the dynamic response of endogenous metabolites intervened by RB-RPA, and the correlation between concentration-time curves of 38 components from RB-RPA and the dynamic response profiles of endogenous metabolites was characterized by Pearson correlation analysis. The results demonstrated that the combination of RB and RPA could significantly improve the bioavailability of five components in RB, and six components in RPA. Besides, metabolomics results indicated that a total of 21 endogenous metabolites exhibited time-dependent changes in response to the RB-RPA administration, of which 12 endogenous metabolites were significantly increased, and nine endogenous metabolites were significantly decreased. Furthermore, correlation analysis results indicated that the components with significantly improved bioavailability after combination such as saikogenin F, saikogenin G, albiflorin, methyl gallate, paeonimetabolin II were significantly positively correlated with picolinic acid, a metabolite with neuroprotective effect; saikogenin F, saikogenin G were significantly positively correlated with itaconic acid, a endogenous metabolite with anti-inflammatory activity; and albiflorin, paeonimetabolin II were significantly positively correlated with α-linolenic acid, a metabolite with strong protective actions on brain functions. These results indicated that the combination of RB and RPA can enhance each other's neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, A novel and efficient strategy has been developed to analyze the influence of the combination of RB and RPA in vivo behaviors by combining multi-component pharmacokinetics with metabolomics, which was contributed to clarifying the scientific connotation of herb-herb compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qicai Yin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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15
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Recent advances in chemical analysis of licorice (Gan-Cao). Fitoterapia 2020; 149:104803. [PMID: 33309652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gan-Cao, or licorice, the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G.glabra, and G.inflata, has received considerable interest due to its extensive application in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions (60% approximately), clinical therapy, and as food additives world-wide. Chemical analysis is an important approach to understand the active pharmaceutical components in licorice and its prescriptions, as well as to develop novel methodologies for their quality assessment and control. This comprehensive review describes the advances in the chemical analysis, including sample preparation methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis and biological specimen analysis, based on 113 references for the recent years. Newly established methods are summarized, such as high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), which allows the identification, authentication, and simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in licorice with higher throughput and sensitivity. It is anticipated that this review could provide imperative information for improving the existing quality evaluation methods of licorice and afford scientific basis for further researches on the pharmacodynamic substances of licorice.
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16
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Wu J, Zhong QQ, Wang TY, Wang CX, Du Y, Ji S, Wang L, Guo MZ, Tang DQ. MS-based metabolite analysis of two licorice chalcones in mice plasma, bile, feces, and urine after oral administration. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4998. [PMID: 33037660 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) and isoliquiritin (ILQ), two kinds of major flavonoids in licorice, are biological active substances with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tumor-suppressive effects. However, their in vivo metabolites, possible material basis of this two licorice chalcones for the treatment of diseases, have not been studied completely. To determine the metabolism of ILG and ILQ, after oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of these compounds for consecutive 8 days, the metabolites of these two licorice chalcones in mice plasma, urine, feces, and bile were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in this study. The structures of those metabolites were tentatively identified according to their fragment pathways, accurate masses, characteristic product ions, metabolism law, and reference standards-matching. As a result, a total of 25 and 29 metabolites of ILG and ILQ were identified, respectively. Seven main metabolic pathways, oxidation and reduction, deglycosylation and glycosylation, dehydroxylation and hydroxylation, demethoxylation and methoxylation, acetylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation, were summarized to tentatively explain how the metabolites were biologically transformed. These results provide the important information on the metabolism of ILG and ILQ, which may be helpful for the further research of their pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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17
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Zhang L, Wang CX, Wu J, Wang TY, Zhong QQ, Du Y, Ji S, Wang L, Guo MZ, Xu SQ, Tang DQ. Metabolic profiling of mice plasma, bile, urine and feces after oral administration of two licorice flavonones. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112892. [PMID: 32320727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is an ancient food and medicinal plant. Liquiritigenin and liquiritin, two kinds of major flavonoes in licorice, are effective substances used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive food, cosmetics or medicines. However, their in vivo metabolites have not been fully explored. AIM OF STUDY To clarify the metabolism of liquiritigenin and liquiritin in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach to determine the metabolites in mice plasma, bile, urine and feces after oral administration of liquiritigenin or liquiritin. The structures of those metabolites were tentatively identified according to their fragment pathways, accurate masses, characteristic product ions, metabolism laws or reference standard matching. RESULTS A total of 26 and 24 metabolites of liquiritigenin or liquiritin were respectively identified. The products related with apigenin, luteolin or quercetin were the major metabolites of liquiritigenin or liquiritin in mice. Seven main metabolic pathways including (de)hydrogenation, (de)hydroxylation, (de)glycosylation, (de)methoxylation, acetylation, glucuronidation and sulfation were summarized to tentatively explain their biotransformation. CONCLUSION This study not only can provide the evidence for in vivo metabolites and pharmacokinetic mechanism of liquiritigenin and liquiritin, but also may lay the foundation for further development and utilization of liquiritigenin, liquiritin and then licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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18
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Yuan J, Wei F, Luo X, Zhang M, Qiao R, Zhong M, Chen H, Yang W. Multi-Component Comparative Pharmacokinetics in Rats After Oral Administration of Fructus aurantii Extract, Naringin, Neohesperidin, and Naringin-Neohesperidin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:933. [PMID: 32636752 PMCID: PMC7319089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus × aurantium L., Chinese name: Fructus Aurantii (FA) has been largely used as Qi-invigorating herb in China for centuries. The main components (meranzin hydrate, naringin, neohesperidin, meranzin, nobiletin) have good physiological activity with relatively high abundance in FA. Few multi-component comparative pharmacokinetics are simultaneously accessible for the flavone glycosides, polymethoxy flavones, and coumarins in FA. In this work, a reliable and rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and validated to determine the five ingredients in the SD rat plasma, and further applied to the pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of monomer, drugs in compatibility, and FA extract. After hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase, the concentration of naringin and neohesperidin in rat plasma were expressed respectively by the total concentration of naringenin and hesperitin which was determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Double-peak phenomenon was observed for naringin and neohesperidin, which may be due to the enterohepatic circulation or multiple site absorption of the two flavone glycosides. Meranzin hydrate and meranzin (coumarins) were absorbed rapidly (Tmax, about 1.0 h) but eliminated slowly (t1/2z exceeds 6.5 h). Nobiletin, a typical polymethoxy flavone, was also rapidly absorbed according to Tmax and AUC(0-t). DAS 3.1 software suggests the pharmacokinetic profiles of the five components in rats be depicted as a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters for naringenin and hesperetin between the compatibility, FA extract group vs monomer group: ① remarkable increases in the values of AUC(0–∞), AUC(0–t) and Cmax; ② obvious decrease of CLZ/F; and ③ longer tmax and t1/2z. The results suggest that compatibility can promote mutual absorption and affect the elimination behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Feiting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xizhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchang, China
| | - Rifa Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Minyong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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19
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Li Z, Chen J, Gao X, Zhang T, Zheng W, Wei G, Huang Y, Qi J, Zhang Y, Ma P. Identification of components and metabolites in plasma of type 2 diabetic rat after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2690-2707. [PMID: 32246812 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Jiao-Tai-Wan, which is composed of Coptis Rhizoma and Cinnamon Cortex, has been recently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to lack of data on its prototypes and metabolites, elucidation of the pharmacological and clinically safe levels of this formula has been significantly hindered. To screen more potential bioactive components of Jiao-Tai-Wan, we identified its multiple prototypes and metabolites in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 47 compounds were identified in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats, including 22 prototypes and 25 metabolites, with alkaloids constituting the majority of the absorbed prototype components. In addition, this is the first study to detect vanillic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan. The prototypes from Jiao-Tai-Wan were extensively metabolized by demethylation, hydroxylation, and reduction in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions and by methylation or conjugation of glucuronide or sulfate in phase Ⅱ reactions. This is the first systematic study on the components and metabolic profiles of Jiao-Tai-Wan in vivo. This study provides a useful chemical basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application of Jiao-Tai-Wan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengkai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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Synergistic Mechanisms of Constituents in Herbal Extracts during Intestinal Absorption: Focus on Natural Occurring Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020128. [PMID: 32028739 PMCID: PMC7076514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic separation strategy has long and widely been applied in the research and development of herbal medicines. However, the pharmacological effects of many bioactive constituents are much weaker than those of the corresponding herbal extracts. Thus, there is a consensus that purer herbal extracts are sometimes less effective. Pharmacological loss of purified constituents is closely associated with their significantly reduced intestinal absorption after oral administration. In this review, pharmacokinetic synergies among constituents in herbal extracts during intestinal absorption were systematically summarized to broaden the general understanding of the pharmaceutical nature of herbal medicines. Briefly, some coexisting constituents including plant-produced primary and secondary metabolites, promote the intestinal absorption of active constituents by improving solubility, inhibiting first-pass elimination mediated by drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters, increasing the membrane permeability of enterocytes, and reversibly opening the paracellular tight junction between enterocytes. Moreover, some coexisting constituents change the forms of bioactive constituents via mechanisms including the formation of natural nanoparticles. This review will focus on explaining this new synergistic mechanism. Thus, herbal extracts can be considered mixtures of bioactive compounds and pharmacokinetic synergists. This review may provide ideas and strategies for further research and development of herbal medicines.
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Wang D, Yu W, Cao L, Xu C, Tan G, Zhao Z, Huang M, Jin J. Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone I after oral administration of pure tanshinones and liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza to rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:54-63. [PMID: 31943245 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), dihydrotanshinone I (diTan I), and tanshinone I (Tan I) are the main active compounds in the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The differences in the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution behaviors of the four tanshinones after oral administration of the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and pure compounds are not clear. This study aims to compare the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the four tanshinones after oral administration of pure tanshinone monomers and the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis method was developed for the determination of the four tanshinones. The results showed that the AUC and Cmax of tanshinones in rats receiving the extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza were significantly increased compared with those receiving the pure tanshinones. In the tissue distribution experiments, the AUC of the four tanshinones in the extract was much greater than the AUC of the monomers in the lung, heart, kidney, liver, and brain, and the coexisting constituents particularly promoted the distribution of tanshinones into tissues that the drug cannot sufficiently penetrate. These findings suggested that the coexisting constituents in the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza play an important role in the alteration of plasma concentration and tissue distribution of the four tanshinones. Understanding these differences could be of significance for the development and application of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract and tanshinone components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuncao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyao Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Shen X, Li L, Ma Q, Chen H, Wang J, Lv L, Li Y. Pharmacokinetic study of eight bioactive components following oral administration of Zhiqiao Gancao decoction and observation of its clinical efficacy. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4706. [PMID: 31629372 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shen
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Ling Li
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Qihan Ma
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Hua Chen
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Jiangping Wang
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Suzhou China
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23
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Yang K, Long XM, Cao JJ, Li YJ, Wu Y, Bai X, Sun ZL, Liu ZY. An analytical strategy to explore the multicomponent pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine independently of standards: Application in Gelsemium elegans extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 176:112833. [PMID: 31473492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The multicomponent pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicine is a great challenge due to the low plasma concentrations, large range of concentration scales, lack of authentic standards and uncertain interactions of the components. The aim of this work was to explore the in vivo pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine independently of authentic standards using an integrated analytical strategy. First, ion pairs of multiple components were tuned and selected, and then major parameters were optimized for derivative multiple reaction monitoring (DeMRM) by LC-MS/MS, which was combined with characterization of the chemical profiles of the herbal medicine by LC-QqTOF/MS. Second, different concentrations of herbal extracts were employed instead of authentic standards to construct calibration curves for the semiquantitative determination of multiple components in plasma. Taking Gelsemium elegans as an example, in addition to the fully validated and sufficient methodological results, a total of 27 alkaloid components, major bioactive constituents of Gelsemium elegans, were simultaneously monitored in pig plasma. The concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic properties of these 27 components were characterized. The absolute quantification of three components was compared with the results obtained using authentic standards, and the method showed very similar analytical characteristics, such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax, Vd, Cl and MRT. This analytical strategy was found to be capable of assessing herbal pharmacokinetics independently of specific authentic compounds for each component. This study was the first attempt to systematically reveal the in vivo pharmacokinetics of Gelsemium elegans. This strategy and methodology will find widespread use in the quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis of multiple components independently of standards for herbal medicine, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xue-Ming Long
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Cao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yu-Juan Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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24
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Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Caffeoylxanthiazonoside, chemical isolated from Xanthium strumarium L. fruit and their Anti-allergic rhinitis effect- a traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 192:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Xu L, Li M, Zhou H, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Han N, Wu T. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents and rat metabolites of the Wen‐Jing decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1174-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xu
- Department of PharmacognosySchool of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Moying Li
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | | | - Nina Han
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tong Wu
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
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26
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Li N, Zhou T, Wu F, Wang R, Zhao Q, Zhang JQ, Yang BC, Ma BL. Pharmacokinetic mechanisms underlying the detoxification effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao): drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and beyond. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:167-177. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1563595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Can Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Wu Y, Wang P, Yang H, Sui F. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS methods for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetics of major compounds in Xuanmai Ganjie Granules. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4449. [PMID: 30513133 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xuanmai Ganjie Granules (XMGJ), a widely used Chinese herbal formula in the clinic, is used for treatment of sore throats and coughs. Despite the chemical constituents having been clarifying by our previous studies, both of the metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of XMGJ are unclear. This study aimed to explore the disposition process of XMGJ in vivo. A sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed to analyze the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of XMGJ. A total of 42 absorbed components, including 16 prototype compounds and 26 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of XMGJ. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic studies of five compounds of XMGJ were investigated using ultra-high liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. The results indicated that liquiritin, harpagoside, glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritigenin, formononetin and their metabolites might be the major components involved in the pharmacokinetic and metabolism process of XMGJ. This research showed a comprehensive investigation of XMGJ in vivo, which could provide a meaningful basis for further material basis and pharmacological as well as toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
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28
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Li Y, Sun J, Huo H, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Song Y, Li J. Definitely simultaneous determination of three lignans in rat using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1100-1101:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of 14 Compounds in Rat Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study of Orally Administered Xiaoyao Powder. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102514. [PMID: 30274372 PMCID: PMC6222316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaoyao Powder (XYP), a common Chinese medicine, comprises eight traditional Chinese herbs and has been widely used clinically to treat liver damage and mental disorders. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 14 compounds (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, atractylenolide III, ligustilide, atractylenolide II, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, saikosaponin c, glycyrrhizic acid, and saikosaponin a) in XYP. Naringenin was used as the internal standard. The compounds were separated using an ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using multiple reaction monitoring and an electrospray ionization source in both positive and negative ionization modes. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.9974) over the measured ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 12%, and the accuracy ranged from 89.93% to 106.64%. Extraction recovery and matrix effect results were satisfactory. The method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of the 14 compounds in rat plasma after the oral administration of XYP.
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30
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Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092612. [PMID: 30177647 PMCID: PMC6163711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile bottom-up “green” synthetic route of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is described, using a leaf extract of the Malvaceae plant Corchorus olitorius as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The size and shape of the obtained nanoparticles were modulated by varying the amounts of the metal salt and the broth extract in the reaction medium. Only one hour was required for the complete conversion to Au NPs, suggesting that the reaction rate was higher or comparable to those of nanoparticles synthesized by chemical methods. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). While infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the various functional groups in the organic layer that stabilized the particles, TEM images were used to optimize the conditions for NPs growth. A low concentration of the C. olitorius extract yielded mixed triangular and hexagonal shapes; in contrast, quasi-spherical shapes of Au NPs with an average size of 37–50 nm were obtained at a higher extract broth concentration. The Au NPs displayed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands at 535 nm. An in vitro cytotoxic assay of the biocompatible Au NPs revealed a strong cytotoxic activity in three human cancer cell lines, namely, colon carcinoma HCT-116, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2, and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7. In-silico bioactivity, drug-likeness, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) predictions were conducted in order to examine the pharmacokinetic behavior of the compounds present in the C. olitorius extract.
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31
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Zhang L, Li F, Qin WJ, Fu C, Zhang XL. Changes in intestinal microbiota affect metabolism of ginsenoside Re. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4284. [PMID: 29748959 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re, an active ingredient in Panax ginseng, is widely used as a therapeutic and nutriment. The intestinal microbiota plays crucial roles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions of ginsenoside Re. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between bacterial community variety and the metabolic profiles of ginsenoside Re. We developed two models with intestinal dysbacteriosis: a pseudo-germ-free model induced by a nonabsorbable antimicrobial mixture (ATM), and Qi-deficiency model established via over-fatigue and acute cold stress (OACS). First, the bacterial community structures in control, ATM and OACS rats were compared via 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Then, the gut microbial metabolism of ginsenoside Re was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in the three groups by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC-TQ-MS, respectively. Ten metabolites of ginsenoside Re were detected and tentatively identified, three of which were novel. Moreover, owing to significant differences in bacterial communities, deglycosylated products, as the main metabolites of ginsenoside Re, were produced at lower levels in ATM and OACS models. Importantly, the levels of these deglycosylated metabolites correlated with alterations in Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides populations, as well as glycosidase activities. Collectively, biotransformation of ginsenoside Re is potentially influenced by regulation of the composition of intestinal microbiota and glycosidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wang-Jun Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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32
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Qiao X, Wang Q, Wang S, Kuang Y, Li K, Song W, Ye M. A 42-Markers Pharmacokinetic Study Reveals Interactions of Berberine and Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Anti-diabetic Chinese Medicine Formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 29971002 PMCID: PMC6018403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are commonly used as compound formulas in clinical practice to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. However, the combination mechanisms usually lack solid evidence. In this study, we report synergistic interactions through altering pharmacokinetics in Gegen-Qinlian Decoction (GQD), an anti-diabetic Chinese medicine formula. A multi-component pharmacokinetic study of GQD and the single herbs was conducted by simultaneously monitoring 42 major bioactive compounds (markers) in rats plasma using LC/MS/MS within 30 min. GQD could remarkably improve the plasma concentrations of berberine (BER) and other alkaloids in Huang-Lian by at least 30%, and glycyrrhizic acid (GLY) from Gan-Cao played a major role. A Caco-2 cell monolayer test indicated that GLY improved the permeability of BER by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. Although GLY alone did not show observable effects, the co-administration of GLY (ig, 50 or 80 mg/kg) could improve the anti-diabetic effects of berberine (ig, 50 mg/kg) in db/db mice in a dose-dependent manner. The blood glucose decreased by 46.9%, whereas the insulin level increased by 40.8% compared to the control group. This is one of the most systematic studies on the pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicine formulas, and the results demonstrate the significance of pharmacokinetic study in elucidating the combination mechanisms of compound formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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33
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Huang M, Cheng Z, Wang L, Feng Y, Huang J, Du Z, Jiang H. A targeted strategy to identify untargeted metabolites from in vitro to in vivo: Rapid and sensitive metabolites profiling of licorice in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:40-50. [PMID: 29883888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to conduct in vivo metabolic study for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) because of complex components, unpredictable metabolic pathways and low metabolite concentrations. Herein, we proposed a sensitive strategy to characterize TCM metabolites in vivo at an orally clinical dose using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS). Firstly, the metabolism of individual compounds in rat liver microsomes was studied to obtain the metabolic pathways and fragmentation patterns. The untargeted metabolites in vitro were detected by multiple ion monitoring-enhanced product ion (EPI) and neutral loss-EPI scans. Subsequently, a sensitive multiple reaction monitoring-EPI method was developed according to the in vitro results and predicted metabolites to profile the in vivo metabolites. Licorice as a model herb was used to evaluate and validate our strategy. A clinical dose of licorice water extract was orally administered to rats, then a total of 45 metabolites in urine, 21 metabolites in feces and 35 metabolites in plasma were detected. Among them, 18 minor metabolites have not been reported previously and 6 minor metabolites were first detected in vivo. Several isomeric metabolites were well separated and differentiated in our strategy. These results suggested that this new strategy could be widely used for the detection and characterization of in vivo metabolites of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongzhe Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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34
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Yan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines: strategies and perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29743935 PMCID: PMC5930430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicines (CMs) are hampered by increasing concerns on the safety and the efficacy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) study is indispensable to establish concentration-activity/toxicity relationship and facilitate target identification and new drug discovery from CMs. To cope with tremendous challenges rooted from chemical complexity of CMs, the classic PK strategies have evolved rapidly from PK study focusing on marker/main drug components to PK-PD correlation study adopting metabolomics approaches to characterize associations between disposition of global drug-related components and host metabolic network shifts. However, the majority of PK studies of CMs have adopted the approaches tailored for western medicines and focused on the systemic exposures of drug-related components, most of which were found to be too low to account for the holistic benefits of CMs. With an area under concentration-time curve- or activity-weighted approach, integral PK attempts to understand the PK-PD relevance with the integrated PK profile of multiple co-existing structural analogs (prototyes/metabolites). Cellular PK-PD complements traditional PK-PD when drug targets localize inside the cells, instead of at the surface of cell membrane or extracellular space. Considering the validated clinical benefits of CMs, reverse pharmacology-based reverse PK strategy was proposed to facilitate target identification and new drug discovery. Recently, gut microbiota have demonstrated multifaceted roles in drug efficacy/toxicity. In traditional oral intake, the presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota seem inevitable, which can contribute to the holistic benefits of CMs through biotransforming CMs components, acting as the peripheral target, and regulating host drug disposition. Hence, we propose a global PK-PD approach which includes the presystemic interaction of CMs with gut microbiota and combines omics with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to offer a comprehensive understanding of the PK-PD relationship of CMs. Moreover, validated clinical benefits of CMs and poor translational potential of animal PK data urge more research efforts in human PK study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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Kuang Y, Li B, Fan J, Qiao X, Ye M. Antitussive and expectorant activities of licorice and its major compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:278-284. [PMID: 29224994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Licorice has been used as an antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine for a long history. This work evaluated the activities of 14 major compounds and crude extracts of licorice, using the classical ammonia-induced cough model and phenol red secretion model in mice. Liquiritin apioside (1), liquiritin (2), and liquiritigenin (3) at 50 mg/kg (i.g.) could significantly decrease cough frequency by 30-78% (p < .01). The antitussive effects could be partially antagonized by the pretreatment of methysergide or glibenclamide, but not naloxone. Moreover, compounds 1-3 showed potent expectorant activities after 3 days treatment (p < .05). The water and ethanol extracts of licorice, which contain abundant 1 and 2, could decrease cough frequency at 200 mg/kg by 25-59% (p < .05), and enhance the phenol red secretion (p < .05), while the ethyl acetate extract showed little effect. These results indicate liquiritin apioside and liquiritin are the major antitussive and expectorant compounds of licorice. Their antitussive effects depend on both peripheral and central mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingran Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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36
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Recent developments and emerging trends of mass spectrometry for herbal ingredients analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Zhou L, Zhang Q, Qi W, Yan S, Qu J, Makino T, Yuan D. Identification of metabolites in human and rat urine after oral administration of Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang granule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3582-3592. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian; Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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38
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Zhang M, Deng Y, Wang C, Cai HL, Wen J, Fang PF, Zhang BK, Li HD, Yan M. An LC-MS/MS method for determination of bioactive components of liquorice and Semen Strychni in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetics study. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:262-271. [PMID: 28447397 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Hua-Lin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ping-Fei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Huan-De Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha China
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Sun C, Xu W, Zhang Y, Yu L, Ye M, Chu K, Xu W, Lin Y. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Compounds in Gualou Guizhi Granule and Pharmacokinetics Study by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:8451383. [PMID: 28808600 PMCID: PMC5541792 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8451383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ultrafast performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 compounds in Gualou Guizhi Granule (GLGZG), including liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquirtin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and paeoniflorin sulfonate in rat plasma. UPLC-MS/MS assay with negative ion mode was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.6 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min-1. The method was linear for all analytes within the detection range (r ≥ 0.9597). The inter- and intraday precision (RSD) were 2.21-6.41% and 1.67-6.18%; the inter- and intraday accuracy (recover) were 92.48-114.03% and 90.23-112.04%. And the recovery rate ranged from 81.30% to 108.22%. The matrix effect values obtained for analytes ranged from 88.91% to 113.32%. This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study in rats after oral administration of GLGZG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Miao Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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40
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Du Y, He B, Li Q, He J, Wang D, Bi K. Identification and analysis of chemical constituents and rat serum metabolites in Suan-Zao-Ren granule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data processing approaches. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2914-2924. [PMID: 28544541 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suan-Zao-Ren granule is widely used to treat insomnia in China. However, because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine formula, the comprehensive analysis of constituents in vitro and in vivo is rather difficult. In our study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the PeakView® software, which uses multiple data processing approaches including product ion filter, neutral loss filter, and mass defect filter, method was developed to characterize the ingredients and rat serum metabolites in Suan-Zao-Ren granule. A total of 101 constituents were detected in vitro. Under the same analysis conditions, 68 constituents were characterized in rat serum, including 35 prototype components and 33 metabolites. The metabolic pathways of main components were also illustrated. Among them, the metabolic pathways of timosaponin AI were firstly revealed. The bioactive compounds mainly underwent the phase I metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrolysis, and phase II metabolic pathways including sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, cysteine conjugation, acetycysteine conjugation, and glutathione conjugation. In conclusion, our results showed that this analysis approach was extremely useful for the in-depth pharmacological research of Suan-Zao-Ren granule and provided a chemical basis for its rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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41
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Ferreira ICFR, Martins N, Barros L. Phenolic Compounds and Its Bioavailability: In Vitro Bioactive Compounds or Health Promoters? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 82:1-44. [PMID: 28427530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Botanical preparations present a widespread and secular history of use. In fact, natural matrices possess a rich pool of phytochemicals, with promising biological effects. Among them, phenolic compounds have revealed to confer very important attributes to improve the well-being and longevity of worldwide population. Numerous in vitro studies have been carried out evaluating the wide spectrum of bioactivities of phenolic compounds, including its health effects, but through in vivo experiments some of these previous results cannot be properly confirmed, and considerable variations are observed. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including the assessment of bioavailability and bioefficacy of phenolic compounds, still continue to be largely investigated and considered a great hot topic among the food science and technology researchers. Thus, based on these crucial aspects, this chapter aims to provide an extensive approach about the question of the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, describing its biosynthetic routes and related mechanisms of action; to focus on the current facts and existing controversies, highlighting the importance of in vivo studies and the impact of phenolic compounds on the quality of life and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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42
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Alrushaid S, Davies NM, Martinez SE, Sayre CL. Stereospecific pharmacokinetic characterization of liquiritigenin in the rat. Res Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28626475 PMCID: PMC5465826 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.207197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquiritigenin is a chiral flavonoid present in licorice and other medicinal plants. The nature of its biological fate with respect to the individual enantiomers has not been examined. In this study, we characterize, for the first time, the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of liquiritigenin. Liquiritigenin was intravenously (20 mg/kg) and orally (50 mg/kg) administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4 per route of administration). Concentrations in serum and urine were characterized via stereospecific reversed-phase, isocratic HPLC method with UV detection. Serum concentrations were quantified but rapidly fell to undetectable levels. S-liquiritigenin showed a short half-life (0.25-0.54 h), while a better estimation of half-life (26-77 h) and other pharmacokinetic parameters was observed using urinary data. The flavonoid is predominantly excreted via non-renal routes (fe values of 0.16-3.46 %), and undergoes rapid and extensive phase II metabolism. Chiral differences in the chemical structure of the compound result in some pharmacokinetic differences. Serum concentrations rapidly declined, making modeling difficult. S-liquiritigenin showed an increased urinary half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Alrushaid
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Martinez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Casey L Sayre
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, United States
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43
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Qiao X, Wang Q, Wang S, Miao WJ, Li YJ, Xiang C, Guo DA, Ye M. Compound to Extract to Formulation: a knowledge-transmitting approach for metabolites identification of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39534. [PMID: 27996040 PMCID: PMC5171860 DOI: 10.1038/srep39534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines usually contain a large group of chemical components, which may be transformed into more complex metabolites in vivo. In this study, we proposed a knowledge-transmitting strategy for metabolites identification of compound formulas. Gegen-Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is widely used to treat diarrhea and diabetes in clinical practice. However, only tens of metabolites could be detected using conventional approaches. To comprehensively identify the metabolites of GQD, a “compound to extract to formulation” strategy was established in this study. The metabolic pathways of single representative constituents in GQD were studied, and the metabolic rules were transmitted to chemically similar compounds in herbal extracts. After screening diversified metabolites from herb extracts, the knowledge was summarized to identify the metabolites of GQD. Tandem mass spectrometry (MSn), fragment-based scan (NL, PRE), and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) were employed to identify, screen, and monitor the metabolites, respectively. Using this strategy, we detected 131 GQD metabolites (85 were newly generated) in rats biofluids. Among them, 112 metabolites could be detected when GQD was orally administered at a clinical dosage (12.5 g/kg). This strategy could be used for systematic metabolites identification of complex Chinese medicine formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Juan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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44
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Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Components in Guanjiekang in Rat Plasma via the UPLC-MS/MS Method and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121732. [PMID: 27999285 PMCID: PMC6272869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanjiekang (GJK) that is formed by five medicinal herbs including Astragali Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Corydalis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Alba was used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of active components in GJK remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven representative active constituents in GJK (i.e., benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, paeoniflorin, tetrahydropalmatine, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and isoliquiritigenin) after oral administration of GJK in rats. A rapid, sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of these seven constituents in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution program that consists of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Detection was performed under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R² > 0.99) over a wide concentration range for all constituents. The accuracies ranged from 92.9% to 107.8%, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions at three different levels were below 15%. Our PK results showed that these seven compounds were quickly absorbed after the administration of the GJK product, and Tmax ranged from 30 min to 189 min. The in vivo concentrations of paeoniflorin and isoliquiritigenin were significantly higher than the reported in vitro effective doses, indicating that they could partly contribute to the therapeutic effect of GJK. Therefore, we conclude that pharmacokinetic studies of representative bioactive chemicals after administration of complex herbal products are not only necessary but also feasible. Moreover, these seven compounds that were absorbed in vivo can be used as indicator standards for quality control and for determining pharmacokinetic behavior of herbal medicines in clinical studies.
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45
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Jiang Q, Zhao W, Qiu H, Zhang S. Silica-Based Phenyl and Octyl Bifunctional Imidazolium as a New Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase for Reversed-Phase and Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Guo L, Duan L, Dou LL, Liu LL, Yang H, Liu EH, Li P. Quality standardization of herbal medicines using effective compounds combination as labeled constituents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:320-331. [PMID: 27454083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Selection of suitable labeled constituents is vital for the quality standardization of herbal medicines (HMs). However, discovery of labeled constituents that can account for the whole efficacy of original HMs is a challenging issue. Taking tanshinones extract (TE) as an example, a strategy to establish reasonable quality control method using effective compounds combination (ECC) as labeled constituents was proposed. The strategy consists of three core steps, including chemical profiling of TE, discovery and in vivo process research of ECC, and quality standardization based on ECC. Using this strategy, a combination of four tanshinones (tanshinones IIA, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I), which was as effective as TE in cell models and in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, was identified as ECC in TE. Furthermore, quality standardization of TE was established based on proposed ECC using single standard for determination of multiple components (SSDMC) method. In conclusion, the presently developed ECC-based approach not only offers new insight into the understanding of the holistic effects of HMs, but also provides efficacy-associated labeled constituents for quality control of botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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47
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Dong X, Wang R, Zhou X, Li P, Yang H. Current mass spectrometry approaches and challenges for the bioanalysis of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Xie X, Sun W, Miao J, Huang J, Xu J, Liu X, Sun H, Tong L, Sun G. Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for determination of 7′(Z)-(8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid E, (7′R, 8′R, 8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid B in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Li F, Zhang YB, Wei X, Song CH, Qiao MQ, Zhang HY. Metabolic profiling of Shu-Yu capsule in rat serum based on metabolic fingerprinting analysis using HPLC-ESI-MSn. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4191-204. [PMID: 27052341 PMCID: PMC4838164 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herbal formula, Shu-Yu capsule (SYC), has been successfully used to treat depression-like disorders in clinical settings. To rapidly identify the chemical constituents of SYC and its metabolites in rat serum, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established in the present study. By comparing the retention times, MS and MSn spectra data in the literature and reference standards, a total of 73 compounds were identified from SYC. In rat serum, 62 components, including 13 prototype compounds and 49 metabolites were identified. Of these components, 14 metabolites were confirmed as novel metabolites of SYC. The results of the present study indicated that certain flavonoid glycosides and monoterpene glycosides were absorbed directly. Glucuronidation and sulfation were identified as the predominant metabolic pathways of the components in SYC. In addition, certain phase I reactions, including hydrolysis, demethylation and hydroxylation occurred in the rats. These results provide scientific evidence, which support further investigations of the pharmacology and mechanism of SYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Hospital Pharmacy, Fengtai Maternal and Children's Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qi Qiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yun Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
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Miao J, Sun W, Huang J, Liu X, Li S, Han X, Tong L, Sun G. Characterization of metabolites in rats after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1487-97. [PMID: 26910272 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is an essential requirement to clarify the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections, which contain numerous ingredients, to assess their safe and effective use in clinic. Salvianolic acid for injection (SAFI), made from hydrophilic phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, but information on its metabolites in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, we aimed to holistically characterize the metabolites of the main active ingredients in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces following intravenous administration of SAFI. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method was developed. Combining information on retention behaviors, multistage mass spectra and literature data, a total of eight prototypes and 52 metabolites were tentatively characterized. Metabolites originated from rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B comprised the majority of identified compounds. Meanwhile, four metabolites derived from salvianolic acid D and five from salvianolic acid B are reported for the first time. This study revealed that methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways of phenolic acids in SAFI in vivo. Furthermore, the developed UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method could also benefit the metabolic investigation of extracts and preparations in TCM with hydrophilic ingredients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Han
- Qinghai Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tong
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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