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Ren Y, He C, Geng Z, Zhong L, Li Q, Yang L, Li X, Gou Y. Quality evaluation of Qiangli Tianma Duzhong (QLTMDZ) employing UHPLC-MS: A multivariate statistical analysis across multiple dosage forms and manufacturers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 250:116394. [PMID: 39141979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its preparations have become increasingly popular in recent years. Nonetheless, due to the high complexity of the compounds in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine (TCPM), the quality differences between different dosage forms and products from various manufacturers pose numerous challenges and difficulties in quality evaluation. The Qiangli Tianma Duzhong (QLTMDZ) prescription, comprising twelve TCM, is widely used in China. Despite its prevalence, current research on QLTMDZ is limited and lacks in-depth and systematic analysis of the chemical composition of the prescription. In this study, a comprehensive strategy was proposed for characterizing the chemical profile of QLTMDZ based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. A total of 122 compounds were identified in QLTMDZ under both positive and negative ion modes. Subsequently, multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted in the MS-DIAL software to further elucidate quality differences among 55 batches of QLTMDZ samples from seven manufacturers. Lastly, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was utilized in conjunction with UHPLC-QQQ-MS, for the precise quantification of the identified 24 compounds within the QLTMDZ preparation and providing supplementary information in quality evaluation. The established analytical method in this study is sensitive and efficient, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents within QLTMDZ. The application of multivariate statistical analyses effectively discriminates samples based on different dosage forms and manufacturers, thereby providing new research directions and scientific support for further studies on the quality control of the prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chengjun He
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhao Geng
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Lian Zhong
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qian Li
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lei Yang
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan Gou
- MIIT Public Service Platforms for Industrial Technological Base, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China.
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2
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Mo Y, Li X, Lu Y, Tu P. Development of an integrated strategy for comprehensive characterization of Sinomenii Caulis extract and metabolites in rats based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 249:116391. [PMID: 39116504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Sinomenii Caulis (SC), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis, contains rich chemical components. At present, most studies mainly focus on sinomenine, with little research on other alkaloids. In this study, a comprehensive profile of compounds in SC extract, and biological samples of rats (including bile, urine, feces, and plasma) after oral administration of SC extract was conducted via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The fragmentation patterns and potential biotransformation pathways of six main types of alkaloids in SC were summarized, and the corresponding characteristic product ions, relative ion intensity, and neutral losses were obtained to achieve rapid classification and identification of complex components of SC from in vitro to in vivo. As a result, a total of 114 alkaloid compounds were identified, including 12 benzyl alkaloids, 4 isoquinolone alkaloids, 32 aporphine alkaloids, 28 protoberberine alkaloids, 34 morphinan alkaloids and 4 organic amine alkaloids. After administration of SC extract to rats, a total of 324 prototypes and metabolites were identified from rat plasma, urine, feces and bile, including 81 aporphines, 95 protoberberines, 117 morphinans and 31 benzylisoquinolines. The main types of metabolites were demethylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, aldehydation, oxidation, methylation, sulfate esterification, glucuronidation, glucose conjugation, glycine conjugation, acetylation, and dihydroxylation. In summary, this integrated strategy provides an additional approach for the incomplete identification caused by compound diversity and low abundance, laying the foundation for the discovery of new bioactive compounds of SC against rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuque Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Zhang JN, Pei ZD, Wang WY, Zhao MY, Pei WH, Zhang H, Yin HB, Wang TM, Xin GZ, Xie M, Kang TG, Chen YH, Song HP. Integration of High-Resolution LC-Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Multidimensional Chemical-Biological Analysis to Detect Nanomolar-Level Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Different Parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17328-17342. [PMID: 39045647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Zanthoxyli radix is a popular tea among the elderly, and it is believed to have a positive effect on Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a highly effective three-step strategy was proposed for comprehensive analysis of the active components and biological functions of Zanthoxylum nitidum (ZN), including high-resolution LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry (HRMS), multivariate statistical analysis for heterogeneity (MSAH), and experimental and virtual screening for bioactivity analysis (EVBA). A total of 117 compounds were identified from the root, stem, and leaf of ZN through HRMS. Bioactivity assays showed that the order of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity from strong to weak was root > stem > leaf. Nitidine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine were found to be the main differential components of root, stem, and leaf by OPLS-DA. The IC50 values of the three compounds are 0.81 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.01, and 0.48 ± 0.01 μM respectively, indicating that they are potent and high-quality AChE inhibitors. Molecular docking showed that pi-pi T-shaped interactions and pi-lone pairs played important roles in AChE inhibition. This study not only explains the biological function of Zanthoxyli radix in alleviating Alzheimer's disease to some extent, but also lays the foundation for the development of stem and leaf of ZN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wen-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wen-Han Pei
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tian-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ting-Guo Kang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
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Bai Y, Cai G, Guo N, Huang X, Gong J, Liu S, Guo Y, Wang W. UHPLC-HRMS based saponins profiling of three morphological regions in American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium L.) and their correlation with the antioxidant activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1685-1696. [PMID: 38623439 PMCID: PMC11016038 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is used as tonic plant and high-grade nourishment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method was established for identifying the chemical constituent in three morphological regions of American ginseng, including main root (MR), rhizome (RH) and lateral root (LR). The 63 saponins was identified in different morphological regions of 10 American ginseng samples. The chemical maker compounds in corresponding morphological region, while the major compounds of MR (malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, Rs2 and pseudo-RC1), LR (stipuleanoside R2, ginsenoside Re and malonyl-ginsenoside Rc), and RH (malonyl-ginsenoside Rd, Rb3, and chikusetsu saponin II) were discovered. Correlation analysis showed that 11 compounds were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of American ginseng. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01453-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Guangzhi Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Na Guo
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Jiyu Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
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Xie M, Lu W, Gu S, Lu J, Wu H, Yao L, Du M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang Q. A rapid localization and analysis method for isoquinoline alkaloids with fluorescence in Coptis chinensis Franch. By fabricating the nano-silver sol as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342067. [PMID: 38182374 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) directly impacts their clinical efficacy and drug safety, making standardization a critical component of modern TCMs. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an effective physical detection method with speed, sensitivity, and suitability for large sample analyses. In this study, a SERS analysis method was developed using a nano-silver sol as the matrix to address the interference of fluorescence components in TCMs and overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods. RESULTS The higher sensitivity and efficiency of SERS was used, enabling detection of a single sample within 30 s. Coptis chinensis Franch. (CCF) was chosen as the model medicine, the nano-silver sol was used as the matrix, and CCF's fourteen main fluorescent alkaloids were tested as index components. Typical signal peaks of the main components in CCF corresponded to the bending deformation of the nitrogen-containing ring plane outer ring system, methoxy stretching vibration, and isoquinoline ring deformation vibration. Through SERS detection of different parts, the distribution content of the main active components in the cortex of CCF was found to be lower than that in the xylem and phloem. Additionally, rapid quality control analyses indicated that among the nine batches of original medicinal materials purchased from Emei and Guangxi, the main active ingredient showed a higher content. SIGNIFICANCE A SERS-based method for the rapid localization and analysis of multiple components of TCMs was established. The findings highlight the potential of SERS as a valuable tool for the analysis and quality control of TCMs, especially for fluorescent components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Wanying Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Siqi Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Junzhong Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Le Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Menghan Du
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Jianjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li R, Wang L, Fu Z, He F, Liu E, Han L. Identification strategy of Fructus Gardeniae and its adulterant based on UHPLC/Q-orbitrap-MS and UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS combined with PLS regression model. Talanta 2024; 267:125136. [PMID: 37703778 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the desiccative and ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the Rubiaceae family, which is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing away heat, detoxification, relieving restlessness, and eliminating blood stasis. At the same time, it has also been announced as the first batch of TCM with homology of medicine and food. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (FGG), the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai (Rubiaceae), is a common counterfeit herbal medicine of FG, which still appears in the TCM market, and causes a certain degree of confusion. In order to effectively distinguish FG and its adulterant, the compounds in these two species were thoroughly characterized firstly by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). Furthermore, a pseudo-targeted metabonomics method with 60 targeted ion pairs was established based on UHPLC-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS) for discrimination. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that FG and FGG were clustered obviously, and 13 significantly differential markers were screened out by variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1 and p < 0.05 for the construction of the partial least squares (PLS) regression prediction model. The validation of the model proved that its prediction ability was quite satisfactory. Moreover, based on the absolute quantitative analysis of these 13 characteristics, the quality control standards of FG and FFG were established. In summary, an integral method of pseudo-targeted metabonomics combined with chemometrics analysis and a PLS regression model was proposed to provide an effective identification strategy for discrimination FG and FGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China
| | - Rongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Shen XJ, Zhang JQ, An YL, Yang L, Li XL, Hu YS, Sha F, Yao CL, Bi QR, Qu H, Guo DA. MATLAB language assisted data acquisition and processing in liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Application to the identification and differentiation of Radix Bupleuri from its adulterants. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464544. [PMID: 38142618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive and rapid analysis of secondary metabolites like saponins remains challenging. This study aimed to establish a semi-automated workflow for filtration, identification, and characterization of saikosaponins in six Bupleurum species. Radix Bupleuri, a high-sales herbal medicine, is often adulterated, restricting its quality control and applications. Two authentic Radix Bupleuri species and four major adulterants were analyzed through UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS for targeted saikosaponin analysis. To reveal trace saikosaponins and obtain quality fragment data, a MATLAB-based process automatically enumerating "sugar chain + aglycone + side chain" combinations and deduplicating generated a predicted saikosaponin database covering all possible saikosaponins as a precursor ion list for comprehensive targeted acquisition. To focus on informative ions and reduce MS analysis workload, we utilized MATLAB to automatically filtrate the false positive ions by MS1 and MS2 spectrometry. The newly established MATLAB-assisted data acquisition approach exhibited 50 % improvement in characterization of targeted saikosaponins. Furthermore, positive and negative ionization workflows were designed for accurate saikosaponins characterization based on fragmentation rules. In total, 707 saikosaponins were characterized, including over 500 potential new compounds and previously unreported C29 aglycones. We identified 25 saikosaponins present in both authentic species but absent in adulterants as potential markers. This unprecedented comprehensive multi-origin species differentiation demonstrates the promise of MATLAB-assisted acquisition and processing to advance saponin identification and standardize the Radix Bupleuri market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Jing Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ling An
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Shu Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Sha
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Liang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi-Rui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China.
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8
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Liu Z, Li X, Luo Q, Pan H, Shi F. Structural feature-based strategy for the identification of diterpene alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105761. [PMID: 38036079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The taproot of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (AC), a poisonous Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been widely used to treat joint pain, rheumatism and dysmenorrhea. Fermentation is a traditional drug processing method that reduces toxicity or increases efficacy. However, the chemical composition of AC, especially fermented AC, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method to characterize the chemical composition of raw and fermented AC. In this study, a structural feature-based comprehensive strategy was employed to identify the chemical components of raw and fermented AC. A highly selective method consisting of mass defect filtering (MDF), ring double bond (RDB), nitrogen rule, and feature MS fragments filtering was established using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. By the established method, 230 diterpene alkaloids were characterized in raw AC, including 108 amine, 68 monoester, and 54 diester diterpene alkaloids. 145 of them were potential new compounds. Totals of 466 diterpene alkaloids were identified in fermented AC, including 231 amine, 162 monoester, and 73 diester diterpene alkaloids. 397 of them were potential new compounds. Ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and demethylation were the major transformation pathways during fermentation. An integrated approach with highly selective based on the structural feature of analytes was established and applied to identify the chemicals in AC. The strategy showed great performance in improving the accuracy and coverage of the identification by using LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
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Zhuge H, Ge Z, Wang J, Yao J, He J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang Y. The Tandem of Liquid Chromatography and Network Pharmacology for the Chemical Profiling of Pule'an Tablets and the Prediction of Mechanism of Action in Treating Prostatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:56. [PMID: 38256890 PMCID: PMC10821205 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis, a prevalent urinary tract disorder in males, has a complex etiology that leads to severe clinical discomfort. Pule'an Tablets, a classic single-component formulation primarily based on rapeseed pollen, have been clinically proven to have a beneficial therapeutic effect on both prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, there is currently a lack of research on the chemical composition and mechanisms of action of Pule'an Tablets in treating prostatitis. In this study, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a total of 53 compounds in Pule'an Tablets were identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropionamides, lipids, glucosinolates, and nucleic acids. Subsequently, through a network pharmacology analysis, potential target genes and their mechanisms of action were predicted accordingly. The results suggested that genes such as LPAR5, LPAR6, LPAR4, LPAR3, LPAR2, LPAR1, F2, ENPP2, MMP9, and TNF, along with pathways like prostate cancer, endocrine resistance, bladder cancer, and the IL-17 signaling pathway, may represent potential pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of Pule'an Tablets. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the chemical composition of Pule'an Tablets, shedding light on the potential mechanisms underlying their efficacy in treating prostatitis. These findings could serve as a valuable reference for future pharmacological research on Pule'an Tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhuge
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences & Institute of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences & Institute of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianbiao Yao
- Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiayu He
- Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Wang X, Xu J, Zhang LH, Yang W, Yu H, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu HH. Global Profiling of the Antioxidant Constituents in Chebulae Fructus Based on an Integrative Strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS, MS/MS Molecular Networking, and Spectrum-Effect Correlation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2093. [PMID: 38136213 PMCID: PMC10741031 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrative strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS analysis, MS/MS molecular networking (MN), in-house library search, and a collision cross-section (CCS) simulation and comparison was developed for the rapid characterization of the chemical constituents in Chebulae Fructus (CF). A total of 122 Constituents were identified, and most were phenolcarboxylic and tannic compounds. Subsequently, 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, terflavin A, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, punicalagin B, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, and chebulic acid, among the 23 common constituents of CF, were screened out by UPLC-PDA fingerprinting and multivariate statistical analyses (HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA). Then, Pearson's correlation analysis and a grey relational analysis were performed for the spectrum-effect correlation between the UPLC fingerprints and the antioxidant capacity of CF, which was finally validated by an UPLC-DPPH• analysis for the main antioxidant constituents. Our study provides a global identification of CF constituents and contributes to the quality control and development of functional foods and preparations dedicated to CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (L.-H.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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11
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Ye Z, Fang Z, Li D, Lin X, Huang S. Exploring the material basis and mechanism of action of clinacanthus nutans in treating renal cell carcinoma based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35675. [PMID: 37861516 PMCID: PMC10589591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinacanthus nutans (for abbreviation thereafter) is often used as medicine in the form of fresh juice in the folk to treat many kinds of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is speculated that its active ingredient may have heat sensitivity, but there are currently no reports on this aspect. Therefore, based on the folk application for fresh juice of C nutans, this study used metabonomics and network pharmacology to explore the material basis and mechanism of action of C nutans against RCC. METHODS Firstly, untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen the metabolites down-regulated by heat in the extract of C nutans. Secondly, we collected the targets of metabolites in the Swiss Target Prediction platform. In addition, the targets of RCC were obtained in the GeneCards database. The "component-target-disease" network was established by Cytoscape3.9.0 software. Then we constructed a protein-protein interaction network in the STRING network platform to screen core targets. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis of core targets were carried out to predict the relevant pathway of C nutans in the treatment of RCC. Finally, the molecular docking verification of the core targets were carried out. RESULTS In this study, 35 potential active ingredients and 125 potential targets were obtained. And the core targets were Cellular tumor antigen p53, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and so on. Then, 48 biological processes, 30 cell components, and 36 molecular functions were obtained by gene ontology enrichment analysis. Besides, 44 pathways were obtained by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, including Pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, P53 signal pathway, and so on. The docking model between the core target and its corresponding components was stable. CONCLUSION This research is based on the folk application of C nutans, showed its potential active ingredients by metabonomics, and predicted the potential mechanism of C nutans in the treatment of RCC by network pharmacology. It provides new references for follow-up research and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chen YH, Li SY, Wang D, Yuan W, Xu K, Wang JW, Kang TG, Zhang H. Combinatorics-based chemical characterization and bioactivity comparison of different parts of traditional Chinese medicinal plants through LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, multivariate statistical analysis and bioassay: Marsdenia tenacissima as an example. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123850. [PMID: 37598457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Marsdenia tenacissima is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used for treating cancer, and its main medicinal part is the stem. Considering the resource shortage of M. tenacissima, it is of great significance to improve its utilization efficiency. Steroids and caffeoylquinic acids, the two main components of M. tenacissima, are composed of several basic structures. Based on this rule, a novel strategy of combinatorics-based chemical characterization was proposed to analyze the constituents of roots, stems and leaves of M. tenacissima. Combinatorics was used to generate a compound library for structure alignment, which has the advantages of wide coverage and high specificity. Steroids are composed of four basic parts: core skeleton (C), substituent at position 11 (A), substituent at position 12 (B) and sugar moiety (S). Based on combinatorics, a compound library consisting of 1080 steroids was generated. Diagnostic neutral loss has been used to effectively predict the substituents at position 11 and 12 of steroids, including acetyl, 2-methylpropionyl, tigloyl, 2-methylbutyryl and benzoyl. As a result, 131, 131 and 99 components were detected from the roots, stems and leaves of M. tenacissima, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the differences of roots, stems and leaves, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was further applied to find differential components. Tenacissoside H, a critical indicator component for quality evaluation of the stem, has been proved to be a differential component between roots and stems. Notably, the relative content of tenacissoside H in the roots was significantly higher than that in the stems. The bioactivity comparison showed that roots, stems and leaves of M. tenacissima had similar scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. However, their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was ranked as leaves > stems > roots. Therefore, besides stems, the other parts of M. tenacissima have potential medicinal value. This study not only helps to develop the resource of M. tenacissima, but also provides a paradigm for the research of other similar medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ting-Guo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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13
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Li W, Huo J, Berik E, Wu W, Hou J, Long H, Lei M, Li Z, Zhang Z, Wu W. Determination of the intermediates in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle with an improved derivatization strategy using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463856. [PMID: 36803770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is recognized as a complex matrix, and improved analytical methods are crucial to extract the key indicators and depict the interaction and alteration of the complex matrix. Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SQ), a water extract of Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali, has demonstrated preventative effects on myotube atrophy induced by chemotherapeutic agents. To achieve the improved analytical capability of complex biological samples, we established a highly reproducible, sensitive, specific, and robust gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to detect glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates with optimized factors in the extraction and derivatization process. Our method detected fifteen metabolites and covered most intermediate metabolites in glycolysis and TCA cycles, including glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 3-diphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate. Through methodological verification of the method, it was found that the linear correlation coefficients of each compound in the method were greater than 0.98, all of which had lower limits of quantification, the recovery rate was 84.94-104.45%, and the accuracy was 77.72-104.92%. The intraday precision was 3.72-15.37%, the interday precision was 5.00-18.02%, and the stability was 7.85-15.51%. Therefore, the method has good linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The method was further applied to study the attenuating effects of the SQ in a chemotherapeutic agents-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy model to evaluate the changes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic products under the action by the complex systems of TCM and disease model. Our study provided an improved method to explore TCM's pharmacodynamic constituents and action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangyan Huo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Entezar Berik
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huali Long
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zijia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Qu H, Wang J, Yao C, Wei X, Wu Y, Cheng M, He X, Li J, Wei W, Zhang J, Bi Q, Guo DA. Enhanced profiling and quantification of ginsenosides from mountain-cultivated ginseng and comparison with garden-cultivated ginseng. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463826. [PMID: 36774914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng can be generally divided into mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and garden-cultivated ginseng (GCG). The market price of MCG is significantly higher than that of GCG. However, the chemical compositions of MCG and the differences from GCG remained unclear. In this study, an integrated strategy combing an offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography separation, LTQ-orbitrap dual mode acquisition, and Q-trap full quantification/quasi-quantification was proposed to explore and compare the chemical compositions of MCG. Consequently, 559 ginsenosides were characterized, among which 437 ginsenosides were in-depth characterized with α-chain and β-chain annotated. Subsequently, enhanced quantification of 213 ginsenosides was conducted in 57 batches of MCG and GCG. Ginsenosides were found more abundant in MCG than GCG. In addition, 25-year-old MCG could be distinctly differentiated from 15/20-year-old MCG. This strategy facilitated the enhanced profiling and comparison of ginsenosides, improved the quality control tactics of MCG and provided a reference approach for other ginseng related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yisong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengzhen Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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15
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Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated Atractylodes lancea by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052216. [PMID: 36903461 PMCID: PMC10004716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The quality of CHM is significantly influenced by its geographical origin. To date, limited studies have compared the composition of cultivated RAL from different geographical origins. As essential oil is the primary active component of RAL, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemical pattern recognition was first applied to compare the essential oil of RAL (RALO) from different regions in China. Total ion chromatography (TIC) revealed that RALO from different origins had a similar composition; however, the relative content of the main compounds varied significantly. In addition, 26 samples obtained from various regions were divided into three categories by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Combined with the geographical location and chemical composition analysis, the producing regions of RAL were classified into three areas. The main compounds of RALO vary depending on the production areas. Furthermore, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences in six compounds, including modephene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, atractylon, hinesol, and atractylodin, between the three areas. Hinesol, atractylon, and β-eudesmol were selected as the potential markers for distinguishing different areas by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In conclusion, by combining GC-MS with chemical pattern recognition analysis, this research has identified the chemical variations across various producing areas and developed an effective method for geographic origin tracking of cultivated RAL based on essential oils.
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16
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Gu X, Jia S, Hu W, Cui M, Hou J, Wang R, Zhang M. Rapid quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines using a miniature mass spectrometer: Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. as an example. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:430-435. [PMID: 36637180 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The quality of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) raw materials is essential, and mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies have been playing key roles in the quality control of CHMs. However, the use of miniature mass spectrometry (mini-MS) for quality control of CHMs has rarely been reported. In this work, we developed a rapid analytical method for the quality evaluation of CHMs based on paper spray ionization (PSI)-mini-MS/MS. The quality evaluation of Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. was used as an example. Following a "multi-component" quality evaluation strategy, nine active constituents of L. japonicum were selected to be used as analytes for quality control. We confirmed that the precursor-product ion information in the MS/MS spectra of each analyte in the herbal extracts was consistent with the standards. Also, we developed a mini-MS-based quantitative method for each analyte using its quantification ion. The quantitative methodology was rigorously validated using quality control samples. Finally, the quality evaluation of L. japonicum was carried out using the established MS/MS method combined with statistical analysis. A wide range of common quality issues with L. japonicum can be effectively determined, including whether it is adulterated with sand and distinguishing among different parts and species. This study demonstrates that mini-MS for quality evaluation of CHMs is feasible. Mini-MS for quality evaluation of herbal medicines will potentially have a good prospect due to its many advantages such as low cost, low power consumption, and portability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Shanshan Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Wangmin Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Mengdi Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Junling Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Rufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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A multidimensional chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for the in-depth metabolites characterization of two Astragalus species. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463718. [PMID: 36565652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To address the chemical complexity is indispensable in a number of research fields. Herb metabolome is typically composed by more than one class of structure analogs produced via different biosynthetic pathways. Multidimensional chromatography (MDC), due to the greatly enhanced separation space, offers the potential solution to comprehensive characterization of herbal metabolites. Here, we presented a strategy, by integrating MDC and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS), to accomplish the in-depth herbal metabolites characterization. Using the metabolome of two Astragalus species (A. membranaceus var. mongholicus,AMM; A. membranaceus, AM) as the case, an off-line three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) system was established: hydrophilic interaction chromatography using an XAmide column as the first dimension (1D) for fractionating the total extract, on-line reversed-phase × reversed-phase liquid chromatography separately configuring a CSH Fluoro-Phenyl column and a Cosmocore C18 column as the second dimension (2D) and the third dimension (3D) of chromatography to enable the explicit separation of three well fractionated samples. Moreover, the negative-mode collision-induced dissociation by QTOF-MS under the optimized condition could provide diversified fragments that were useful for the structural elucidation of AMM and AM. An in-house library (composed by 247 known compounds) and comparison with 43 reference standards were utilized to assist more reliable characterization. We could characterize 513 compounds from two Astragalus species (344 from AMM and 323 from AM), including 236 flavonoids, 150 triterpenoids, 18 organic acids, and 109 others. Conclusively, the established MDC approach gained excellent performance favoring the analogs-oriented in-depth characterization of herbal metabolites, but received uncompromising analytical efficiency.
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The Fate and Intermediary Metabolism of Soyasapogenol in the Rat. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010284. [PMID: 36615477 PMCID: PMC9822287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that soyasaponins are poorly absorbed in the GI tract and that soyasaponin aglycones or soyasapogenols are absorbed faster and in greater amounts than the corresponding soyasaponins. Therefore, it is important to understand the bioavailability of these compounds for the potential development of functional foods containing their components. In this paper, to investigate the metabolic characteristics of soyasapogenols A and B, the pharmacokinetic parameters in rats were determined via oral and intravenous administration. The liver metabolites of soyasapogenols were identified using UPLC-/Q-TOF-MS/MS, and their metabolic pathways were also speculated. The results show that, after oral administration, there was a bimodal phenomenon in the absorption process. Tmax was about 2 h, and soyasapogenol was completely metabolized 24 h later. The bioavailability of soyasapogenol was superior, reaching more than 60%. There were sixteen metabolites of soyasapogenol A and fifteen metabolites of soyasapogenol B detected in rat bile. Both phase I and II metabolic transformation types of soyasapogenols, including oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, dehydration, deoxidization, phosphorylation, sulfation, glucoaldehyde acidification, and conjugation with cysteine, were identified. In addition, soyasapogenol A could be converted into soyasapogenols B and E in the metabolic process. These results suggest that it is feasible to use soyasapogenols as functional ingredients in nutraceuticals or food formulations.
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Zhang X, Chu Y, Wang M, Shi Y, Zuo L, Li Z, Liu J, Kang J, Du S, Li B, Sun Z, Zhang X. Rapid and comprehensive identification of chemical constituents in Mai-Luo-Shu-Tong pill by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS combined with a data mining strategy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4990-5000. [PMID: 36444489 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mai-Luo-Shu-Tong pill is an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis, but it was insufficiently chemically scrutinized. In this study, the mass spectral data of Mai-Luo-Shu-Tong pill were acquired by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Then, a data mining strategy combining multiple data processing methods was used to identify chemical constituents in Mai-Luo-Shu-Tong pill by constructing a database of precursor ions and summarizing the mass spectral fragmentation behaviors. As a result, a total of 211 compounds including 70 flavonoids, 56 terpenoids, 37 phenolic acids and 48 others were identified in positive and negative ion modes. Among them, 66 compounds have passed comparison verification with reference standards, 145 compounds were identified based on the data mining strategy combining the characteristic cleavage behaviour of homologous compounds and fragment ions and 4 compounds were potentially new compounds. This study provides a database for quality evaluation and further study of Mai-Luo-Shu-Tong pill in vivo. Moreover, it provides a reference for the characterization of the chemical constituents of other traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yaojuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Shen P, Jia Y, Shi S, Sun J, Han X. Analytical and biomedical applications of microfluidics in traditional Chinese medicine research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Molecular Networking Reveal the Differential Chemical Constituents of the Bulbs and Flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206944. [PMID: 36296537 PMCID: PMC9609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the bulbs and flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (BFT and FFT) are widely applied as expectorants and antitussives in traditional Chinese medicine, but few studies have been conducted to compare the chemical compositions of these plant parts. In this study, 50% methanol extracts of BFT and FFT were analyzed via UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, and the feasibility of using non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics and molecular networking to address the authentication of bulb and flower samples was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and heat map analysis showed there were dissimilar metabolites in BFT and FFT. As a result, 252 and 107 peaks in positive ion mode and negative mode, respectively, were considered to represent significant difference variables between BFT and FFT. Then, MS/MS-based molecular networking of BFT and FFT was constructed to perform an in-depth characterization of the peaks using different variables. A total of 31 alkaloids with significant differences were annotated in this paper, including seven cis-D/E-vevanine without C20-OH and one trans-D/E-cevanine with C20-OH, thirteen trans-D/E-cevanine without C20-OH, five cevanine N-oxide, and five veratramine. Among the 31 alkaloids, eight alkaloids had higher FFT than BFT contents, while all the flavonoids identified in our work had greater FFT than BFT contents. The influence of different ingredients on the pharmacological activities of BFT and FFT should be investigated in future studies.
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Sun Y, Liu M, Lu D, Wang Y, Li L, Wu Y, Zhang L, Xv Q, Li R, Liu T, Lu T, Guo Z, Guo X. Large-scale microbiome analysis reveals bacterial community characteristics in typical Chinese herbal slices. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3565-3580. [PMID: 35971510 PMCID: PMC9366831 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal slices (CHSs) are closely associated to microorganisms, whether they are endophytic or epiphytic in plants, or introduced during processing. In this study, the structures and predicted functions of microbial communities in 150 batches of samples from five types of CHSs were investigated by combining pure culture and 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Bile-salt-tolerant gram-negative bacteria were detected in 56.0% of samples, and Salmonella was detected in two batches of Glycyrrhiza slices and in one batch of Rheum slices. The main genera from the Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families were assessed in typical colonies. Amplicon sequencing identified 1200 bacterial genera, including some pharmacopeial-controlled bacteria and many beneficial endophytes of medicinal plants. Around 65% of the genera co-occurred in all five CHSs. In clustering based on different algorithms, the samples from each CHS type were relatively clustered, with some overlap. Ranked from highest to lowest diversity, the CHSs were Rheum, Angelica, Astragalus, Codonopsis, and Glycyrrhiza. Each CHS had its indicator species. Functional annotations suggest that potential microbial transformation uses CHSs as substrates and microbial communities as transformants. Overall, it was demonstrated that, based on their complementary advantages, high-throughput sequencing technology and traditional pure-culture technology together can fully assess the microbial load of CHSs and reduce the misdetection rate. We observed large microbial communities in typical CHSs, demonstrating differences and similarities among different CHS types. These results provide a reference for establishing new microbial limit criteria for CHSs and highlight the importance of further correlating CHS microbial community structure and function.
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Ni Z, Wang S, Li Y, Zhou L, Zhai D, Xia D, Yu C. Mapping trends and hotspot regarding gut microbiota and host immune response: A bibliometric analysis of global research (2011–2021). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932197. [PMID: 35958122 PMCID: PMC9361022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is vital for the development and function of the immune system, is closely associated with host immunity, and affects human health and disease. Therefore, the current progress and trends in this field must be explored. Purpose No bibliometric analysis has been conducted on gut microbiota and host immune response. This study aimed to analyze the current progress and developing trends in this field through bibliometric and visual analysis. Methods Global publications on gut microbiota and host immune response from January 2011 to December 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) collection database. GraphPad Prism, VOSviewer software, and CiteSpace were employed to perform a bibliometric and visual study. Results The number of publications has rapidly increased in the last decade but has declined in the most recent year. The Cooperation network shows that the United States, Harvard Medical School, and Frontiers in Immunology were the most active country, institute, and journal in this field, respectively. Co-occurrence analysis divided all keywords into four clusters: people, animals, cells, and diseases. The latest keyword within all clusters was “COVID,” and the most frequently occurring keyword was “SCFA.” Conclusion Gut microbiota and host immune response remain a research hotspot, and their relation to cancer, CNS disorders, and autoimmune disease has been explored. However, additional studies on gut microbiota must be performed, particularly its association with bacterial strain screening and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexin Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangshuo Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Demeng Xia
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Chaoqin Yu
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He's Yangchao Recipe Ameliorates Ovarian Oxidative Stress of Aging Mice under Consecutive Superovulation Involving JNK- And P53-Related Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7705194. [PMID: 35845588 PMCID: PMC9286969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7705194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of He's Yangchao Recipe (HSYC) on ameliorating ovarian oxidative stress of aging mice under consecutive superovulation. Methods An 8-month-old C57BL/6 female mouse was chosen to establish an aging model under ovarian hyperstimulation. Mice were randomly separated into four groups: R1 as the control group, R4 as the model group, NR4 with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration, and TR4 with HSYC administration. Oocyte collection, in vitro fertilization, and embryo culture were performed. The serum hormone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of oocytes, the number of growing follicles, corpus luteum, ovulated oocytes, and developing embryos at each stage, along with the proportions of fragmented oocytes and abnormal mitochondria in granulosa cells (GCs) and the apoptosis rate of GCs were calculated; the mRNA and protein levels of JNK, P53, BAX were detected by real-time PCR and the Simple Western System. Results HSYC enhanced estradiol, progesterone, and inhibin-B levels and increased growing follicle and corpus luteum and ovulated egg counts compared to the R4 group (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased the proportions of fragmented oocytes (P < 0.01); Meanwhile, embryos from mice subjected to four superovulation cycles with HSYC treated had a higher hatching potential. The ROS level of oocytes is downregulated by HSYC (P < 0.01) and the percentage of abnormal mitochondrial in ovaries of the TR4 group was also significantly declined compared to the R4 group (P < 0.05); the most TUNEL-positive cells proportion was detected in the R4 group; nevertheless, HSYC effectively attenuated this detrimental effect (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and P53 in ovary tissues were reduced in the TR4 group while these genes were upregulated by repeated superovulation (P < 0.05). Conclusions HSYC exerted promising effects on promoting the diminished ovarian reserve and decreased oocyte quality induced by both aging and consecutive ovarian superovulation, potentially via the ROS/JNK/p53 pathway.
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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Effect of phenyl numbers in polyphenyl ligand on retention properties of aromatic stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463152. [PMID: 35597197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic phase, as one type of reversed-phase stationary phases, shows complementary selectivity to the n-alkyl counterparts especially for certain challenging separation tasks. However, effect of phenyl numbers in aromatic ligands on retention behaviors has rarely been addressed compared with the alkyl stationary phases. To illustrate the issue, a series of polyphenyl stationary phases were facially prepared via the coupling chemistry of isocyanate with amine, including aniline (π1), 4-aminobiphenyl (π2), 4-amino-p-terphenyl (π3) and [1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-4-amine (π4), respectively. The chromatographic behaviors of the new stationary phases as well as the traditional C18 were systematically compared in terms of retention mode, hydrophobic and aromatic selectivity, shape selectivity and π-π interaction by various analytes, including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons congeners and substituted benzenes with electron-withdrawing groups. Due to the homologous structure of four polyphenyl ligands, the hydrophobic selectivity, aromatic selectivity and shape selectivity of stationary phases increase with phenyl numbers in the bonded polyphenyl ligands, whereas the increment becomes insignificant from U-π3 to U-π4. This phenomenon is explained by the insertion degree of analytes in the polyphenyl ligand brushes. Compared with the homemade C18, the polyphenyl phases indicate insignificant changes of shape selectivity with temperature. Notably, the new polyphenyl phases demonstrate the great selective separation towards the electron-deficient compounds through the π-π interaction. These findings make up for the understanding of the retention behavior of aromatic stationary phases.
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Zhao MY, Chen YH, Wang WY, Sun WP, Xiao HH, Yang HY, Sun N, Zhang H, Yin HB, Zhang YX, Xie M, Song HP. A strategy to comprehensively analyze the bioactivity of complex herbal prescriptions via peak-by-peak cutting and knock-out chromatography: Qiliqiangxin capsule as an example. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2446-2457. [PMID: 35503988 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An herbal prescription is usually composed of several herbal medicines. The complex and diverse components bring great challenges to its bioactivity study. To comprehensively analyze the bioactivity of an herbal prescription, a new strategy based on peak-by-peak cutting and knock-out chromatography was proposed. In this strategy, active compounds were screened out via peak-by-peak cutting from an herbal extract, and the influence of a compound on the overall activity of the herbal extract was evaluated by knock-out chromatography. Qiliqiangxin capsule is an herbal prescription composed of 11 herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic heart failure. A total of 71 peaks were collected through peak-by-peak cutting, and each peak was identified by high-resolution mass spectrum. The bioassay against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl showed that two types of compounds namely salvianolic acids and caffeoylquinic acids were potent scavengers. Knock-out chromatography suggested that the removement of one single compound had no obvious influence on the overall activity of Qiliqiangxin capsule. After all the main peaks in Qiliqiangxin capsule were knocked out, the remaining part still exhibited a potent activity, indicating a high activity stability of Qiliqiangxin capsule. The proposed strategy is helpful for the comprehensive analysis of the bioactivity of other herbal prescriptions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wen-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hai-Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ye-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Application, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
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Lu X, Jin Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fan X. Multimodal integrated strategy for the discovery and identification of quality markers in traditional Chinese medicine. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:701-710. [PMID: 36320607 PMCID: PMC9615540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the requirement for quality control has increased. The quality marker (Q-marker) is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years. However, the establishment of Q-markers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity, resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM. This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Q-markers, thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM. These include the whole-process quality control strategy, chemical-activity-based screening method, efficacy, safety, and consistent combination strategy, and TCM theory-guided approach. Furthermore, methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described, and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed. Four multimodal integrated strategies were introduced to establish Q-markers. Quality control of TCM should focus on the entire process chain. The identification of Q-markers needs to be guided by TCM theory. Ensuring efficacy, safety, and consistency is an essential goal of Q-markers. Multidisciplinary techniques are the driving force for improving Q-markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanyan Jin
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310010, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321016, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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29
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Comparison of the Saponins in Three Processed American Ginseng Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:6721937. [PMID: 35521625 PMCID: PMC9064508 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6721937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A method with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was applied for the quality evaluation of different processing and drying of American ginseng, including natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD). A total of 51 saponins were successfully identified in three processed products. Three processed American ginseng products were well-differentiated in orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The S-plot also identified the marker compounds in each product, while the major ginsenosides of ND (malonyl (M)-Rd, M-Rb1, Rg1), SD (20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg2), and VFD (M-Rd, M-Rb1) were found. The results indicate that the method by vacuum freeze-drying can retain the content of rare ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides. The marker compounds selected will benefit the holistic evaluation of related American ginseng products.
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30
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Rao SW, Duan YY, Pang HQ, Xu SH, Hu SQ, Cheng KG, Liang D, Shi W. Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Coupled With Comprehensive Filtering Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794277. [PMID: 35355711 PMCID: PMC8959880 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (ZN), with strong effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities is treated as a core herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for treating stomachache, toothache, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the active ingredients of ZN are not fully clarified due to its chemical complexity. In the present study, a double spectrum–effect analysis strategy was developed and applied to explore the bioactive components in herbs, and ZN was used as an example. Here, the chemical components in ZN were rapidly and comprehensively profiled based on the mass defect filtering-based structure classification (MDFSC) and diagnostic fragment-ion-based extension approaches. Furthermore, the fingerprints of 20 batches of ZN samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the 20 batches of ZN samples were studied. Finally, the partial least squares regression (PLSR), gray relational analysis models, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) were applied to discover the bioactive compounds in ZN. As a result, a total of 48 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in ZN, including 35 alkaloids, seven coumarins, three phenolic acids, two flavonoids, and one lignan. The results achieved by three prediction models indicated that peaks 4, 12, and 17 were the potential anti-inflammatory compounds in ZN, whereas peaks 3, 5, 7, 12, and 13 were involved in the antioxidant activity. Among them, peaks 4, 5, 7, and 12 were identified as nitidine, chelerythrine, hesperidin, and oxynitidine by comparison with the standards and other references. The data in the current study achieved by double spectrum–effect analysis strategy had great importance to improve the quality standardization of ZN, and the method might be an efficiency tool for the discovery of active components in a complex system, such as TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Han-Qing Pang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shou-Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ke-Guang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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31
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An in-house database-driven untargeted identification strategy for deep profiling of chemicalome in Chinese medicinal formula. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Feng X, Bi Y, Wang J, Li T, Yu G, Zhang T, Xu H, Zhang C, Sun Y. Discovery of the Potential Novel Pharmacodynamic Substances From Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction Based on the Concept of Co-Decoction Reaction and Analysis Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:830558. [PMID: 35095537 PMCID: PMC8793358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.830558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction (ZZHPD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is clinically used to treat insomnia and depression. The analysis strategy based on the concept of co-decoction of TCM is helpful to analyse the effective substances of TCM formula in depth. Aim of the study: This manuscript intends to take ZZHPD as a model sample to explore the phenomenon of co-decoction of complex formula in the combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology, data analysis, and molecular docking. Materials and methods: In the current research, an innovative LC-MS method has been established to study the active ingredients in ZZHPD, and to identify the ingredients absorbed into the blood and brain tissues of mice. And molecular docking was used to study the binding pattern and affinities of known compounds of the brain tissue toward insomnia related proteins. Results: Based on new processing methods and analysis strategies, 106 chemical components were identified in ZZHPD, including 28 blood components and 18 brain components. Then, by comparing the different compounds in the co-decoction and single decoction, it was surprisingly found that 125 new ingredients were produced during the co-decoction, 2 of which were absorbed into the blood and 1 of which was absorbed into brain tissue. Ultimately, molecular docking studies showed that 18 brain components of ZZHPD had favourable binding conformation and affinity with GABA, serotonin and melatonin receptors. The docking results of GABRA1 with naringenin and hesperidin, HCRTR1 with naringenin-7-O-glucoside, poncirenin and genipin 1-gentiobioside, and luteolin with SLC6A4, GLO1, MAOB and MTNR1A may clarify the mechanism of action of ZZHPD in treating insomnia and depression. Conclusion: Our study may provide new ideas for further exploring the effective substances in ZZHPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gengyuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yikun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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33
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Wei X, Zang H, Guan Y, Yang C, Muncan J, Li L. Aquaphotomics investigation of the state of water in oral liquid formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its dynamics during temperature perturbation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three types of bound water with different hydrogen bonding strengths were identified and elucidated by aquaphotomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jelena Muncan
- Aquaphotomics Research Department, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Lian Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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34
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Fan S, Li B, Tian Y, Feng W, Niu L. Comprehensive characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Yangwei decoction using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1006-1019. [PMID: 34962084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yangwei decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat exogenous cold and internal injury with damp stagnation for many centuries. However, its systematic chemical profiling remains ambiguous, which has hampered the interpretation of pharmacology and the mechanism of its formula. In the present study, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully established for the first time to separate and identify the complicated components of Yangwei decoction. The accurate mass data of the protonated molecules, deprotonated molecules, and fragment ions were detected in positive and negative ion modes. A total of 226 compounds in Yangwei decoction were tentatively identified and unambiguously characterized by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with those of reference standards and literature, including 24 lignans, 18 alkaloids, 9 phenylpropanoid glycosides, 76 flavonoids, 59 triterpenoids, 17 organic acids, 7 gingerols, 8 lactones, and 8 other compounds. The present study provides a novel method of constituents characterization for well-known Chinese medicine prescriptions. The study aims to lay a robust foundation for future research, providing the holistic quality control and pharmacology of Yangwei decoction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Fan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Tian
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Liying Niu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
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35
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Song HP, Zhang H, Hu R, Xiao HH, Guo H, Yuan WH, Han XT, Xu XY, Zhang X, Ding ZX, Zhao MY, Kang TG, Sun HY, Chang A, Chen YH, Xie M. A strategy to discover lead chemome from traditional Chinese medicines based on natural chromatogram-effect correlation (NCEC) and natural structure-effect correlation (NSEC): Mahonia bealei and Mahonia fortunei as a case study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122922. [PMID: 34500403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lead compound is an important concept for modern drug discovery. In this study, a new concept of lead chemome and an efficient strategy to discover lead chemome were proposed. Compared with the concept of lead compound, lead chemome can provide not only the starting point for drug development, but also the direction for structure optimization. Two traditional Chinese medicines of Mahonia bealei and Mahonia fortunei were used as examples to illustrate the strategy. Based on natural chromatogram-effect correlation (NCEC), berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine were discovered as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors. Taking the three compounds as template molecules, a lead chemome consisting of 10 structurally related natural compounds were generated through natural structure-effect correlation (NSEC). In the lead chemome, the IC50 values of jatrorrhizine, berberine, coptisine, palmatine and epiberberine are at nanomolar level, which are comparable to a widely used drug of galantamine. Pharmacophore modeling shows that the positive ionizable group and aromatic rings are important substructures for AchE inhibition. Molecular docking further shows that pi-cation interaction and pi-pi stacking are critical for compounds to maintain nanomolar IC50 values. The structure-activity information is helpful for drug design and structure optimization. This work also expanded the traditional understanding of "stem is the medicinal part of Mahonia bealei and Mahonia fortunei". Actually, all parts except the leaf of Mahonia bealei exhibited potent AchE-inhibitory activity. This study provides not only a strategy to discover lead chemome for modern drug development, but also a reference for the application of different parts of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Visera-State Theory and Application, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wei-Hong Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xin-Tong Han
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xin-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ting-Guo Kang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui-Yang Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - An Chang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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