1
|
Boukli-Hacene F, Djouadi LN, Raddaoui A, Hachem Y, Boumerdassi H, Achour W, Nateche F. Sheep and goats as reservoirs of colistin-resistant E. coli: first detection of ETEC ST10 and E. coli ST6396 mcr-1 positive strains in North Africa. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae227. [PMID: 39223099 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to screen and characterize colistin-resistant strains isolated from different livestock species in Algeria, including sheep, goats, and dromedaries. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 197 rectal and nasal swabs were screened for colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Twenty one isolates were selected, identified, and their antibiotic resistance was phenotypically and genotypically characterized. The majority (15/21) were affiliated to Escherichia coli, from which 4 strains isolated from sheep (n = 2) and goats (n = 2) and belonging to phylogroup A and ST10 and ST6396 lineages, respectively, carried the mcr-1 gene. The remaining isolates were identified as belonging to the following genera: Raoultella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. CONCLUSION This study highlights the presence of virulent and multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli in farm animals, increasing the risk of transmitting potentially fatal infections to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fella Boukli-Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Lydia Neïla Djouadi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis LR18ES39, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Hachem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Hanane Boumerdassi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis LR18ES39, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farida Nateche
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Habib I, Mohamed MYI, Elbediwi M, Ghazawi A, Khan M, Abdalla A, Lakshmi GB. Genomics Characterization of Colistin Resistant Escherichia coli from Chicken Meat-the First Report in the United Arab Emirates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:521-524. [PMID: 38804146 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2024.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance is an emerging One Health challenge at the human-food-environment interface. In this study, 12 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1.1 gene were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. This is the first report from locally produced chicken meat in the United Arab Emirates. The characterized isolates harbored virulence-associated factors ranging from 4 to 17 genes per isolate. The multilocus sequence type 1011 was identified in 5 (41.6%) isolates. Six (50.0%) of the isolates harbored blaCTX-M-55. All of the E. coli isolates contained Incl2 plasmids. This study highlights for the first time chicken meat as a potential reservoir of mcr-1.1 carrying E. coli in the UAE. This study has implications for food safety and underscores the need for comprehensive surveillance strategies to monitor the spread of colistin resistance. Results presented in this short communication address knowledge gaps on the epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the Middle East food production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afra Abdalla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Glindya Bhagya Lakshmi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gharbi M, Tiss R, Chaouch M, Hamrouni S, Maaroufi A. Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Genes in Campylobacter coli in Tunisia and Detection of New Sequence Type ST13450. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:527. [PMID: 38927193 PMCID: PMC11200561 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in Campylobacter coli isolates collected from broilers, laying hens and poultry farm environments. One hundred and thirty-nine C. coli isolates were isolated from broilers (n = 41), laying hens (n = 53), eggs (n = 4) and the environment (n = 41) of 23 poultry farms located in northeastern of Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates according to the recommendation of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The detection of PMQR genes: qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6)-Ib gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. aac(6')-Ib amplicons were further analyzed by digestion with BtsCI to identify the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant. Mutations in GyrA and the occurrence of RE-CmeABC efflux pump were determined by mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR and PCR, respectively. In addition, eleven isolates were selected to determine their clonal lineage by MLST. The 139 C. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 86 (61.8%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. High rates of resistance were also observed toward erythromycin (100%), azithromycin (96.4%), tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (98.56%), ampicillin (66.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (55.39%), and kanamycin (57.55%). However, moderate resistance rates were observed for gentamicin (9.35%) and streptomycin (22.3%). All quinolone-resistant isolates harbored the Thr-86-Ile amino acid substitution in GyrA, and the RE-CmeABC efflux pump was detected in 40.28% of isolates. Interestingly, the qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in 57.7%, 61.15%, 21.58%, and 10% of isolates, respectively. The eleven isolates studied by MLST belonged to a new sequence type ST13450. This study described for the first time the occurrence of PMQR genes in C. coli isolates in Tunisia and globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Gharbi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.T.); (S.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Rihab Tiss
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.T.); (S.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Melek Chaouch
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LR16IPT06), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of BioInformatics, BioMathematics and BioStatistics (LR16IPT09), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.T.); (S.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.T.); (S.H.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Sakhria S, Bertelloni F, Catelli E, Ben Yahia S, Tlatli A. Colistin Resistance Genes in Broiler Chickens in Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081409. [PMID: 37106971 PMCID: PMC10135375 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that has been used in veterinary medicine for decades, as a treatment for enterobacterial digestive infections as well as a prophylactic treatment and growth promoter in livestock animals, leading to the emergence and spread of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to a great public health concern, considering that colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant deadly infections in clinical practice. Previous studies performed on livestock animals in Tunisia using culture-dependent methods highlighted the presence of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In the present survey, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens from six farms in Tunisia was tested via molecular methods for the ten mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes known so far. Of the 195 animals tested, 81 (41.5%) were mcr-1 positive. All the farms tested were positive, with a prevalence ranging from 13% to 93%. These results confirm the spread of colistin resistance in livestock animals in Tunisia and suggest that the investigation of antibiotic resistance genes by culture-independent methods could be a useful means of conducting epidemiological studies on the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Sakhria
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | | | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salma Ben Yahia
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Aida Tlatli
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benlabidi S, Raddaoui A, Lengliz S, Cheriet S, Hynds P, Achour W, Ghrairi T, Abbassi MS. Occurrence of High-Risk Clonal Lineages ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Free-Range Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) in a Rural Region in Tunisia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040875. [PMID: 37107633 PMCID: PMC10138121 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates have emerged in various ecologic compartments and evolved to spread globally. We sought to (1.) investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) in feces from free-range chickens in a rural region and (2.) characterize the genetic background of antimicrobial resistance and the genetic relatedness of collected isolates. Ninety-five feces swabs from free-range chickens associated with two households (House 1/House 2) in a rural region in northern Tunisia were collected. Samples were screened to recover ESBL-Ec, and collected isolates were characterized for phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and molecular typing (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)). Overall, 47 ESBL-Ec were identified, with the following genes detected: 35 blaCTX-M-1, 5 blaCTX-M-55, 5 blaCTX-M-15, 1 blaSHV-2, and 1 blaSHV-12. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and colistin was encoded by aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 21), qnrB (n = 1), and qnrS (n = 2); tetA (n = 17)/tetB (n = 26); sul1 (n = 29)/sul2 (n = 18); and mcr-2 (n = 2) genes, respectively. PFGE and MLST identified genetic homogeneity of isolates in House 1; however, isolates from House 2 were heterogeneous. Notably, among nine identified sequence types, ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 belong to pandemic high-risk clonal lineages associated with extrapathogenic E. coli. Minor clones belonging to ST410 and ST471 were shared by chickens from both households. The virulence genes fyuA, fimH, papGIII, and iutA were detected in 35, 47, 17, and 23 isolates, respectively. Findings indicate a high occurrence of ESBL-Ec in free-range chickens and highlight the occurrence of pandemic zoonotic clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Benlabidi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Sana Lengliz
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application LR11ES22, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Cheriet
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Paul Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory 'Antimicrobial Resistance' LR18ES39, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ben Haj Yahia A, Tayh G, Landolsi S, Maamar E, Galai N, Landoulsi Z, Messadi L. First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:150-162. [PMID: 36695709 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26), blaSHV (n = 11), and blaTEM (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the blaCMY gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both blaOXA-48 and blaIMP genes and the other isolate carried only the blaIMP gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ben Haj Yahia
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sarrah Landolsi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Nejia Galai
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Zbaida Landoulsi
- Office des Terres Domaniales, Agrocombinat Ghezala, Mateur, Tunisie
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhaouadi S, Romdhani A, Bouglita W, Chedli S, Chaari S, Soufi L, Cherif A, Mnif W, Abbassi MS, Elandoulsi RB. High Biofilm-Forming Ability and Clonal Dissemination among Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Cows with Mastitis, Diarrheic Calves, and Chickens with Colibacillosis in Tunisia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020299. [PMID: 36836656 PMCID: PMC9959077 DOI: 10.3390/life13020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main etiological agents responsible for bovine mastitis (BM), neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), and avian colibacillosis (AC). This study aimed to assess resistance and virulence genes content, biofilm-forming ability, phylogenetic groups, and genetic relatedness in E. coli isolates recovered from clinical cases of BM, NCD, and AC. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 120 samples including samples of milk (n = 70) and feces (n = 50) from cows with BM and calves with NCD, respectively, were collected from different farms in Northern Tunisia. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed. Then, E. coli isolates were examined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability. PCR was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence genes (VGs), phylogenetic groups, and Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) for their clonal relationship. RESULTS Among the 120 samples, 67 E. coli isolates (25 from BM, 22 from AC, and 20 from NCD) were collected. Overall, 83.6% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Thirty-six (53.73%) isolates were phenotypically colistin-resistant (CREC), 28.3% (19/67) were ESBL producers (ESBL-EC), and forty-nine (73.1%) formed biofilm. The blaTEM gene was found in 73.7% (14/19) of isolates from the three diseases, whilst the blaCTXM-g-1 gene was detected in 47.3% (9/19) of isolates, all from AC. The most common VG was the fimA gene (26/36, 72.2%), followed by aer (12/36, 33.3%), cnf1 (6/36, 16.6%), papC (4/36, 11.1%), and stx1 and stx2 genes (2/36; 5.5% for each). Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates belonged to three groups: A (20/36; 55.5%), B2 (7/36; 19.4%), and D (6/36; 16.6%). Molecular typing by ERIC-PCR showed high genetic diversity of CREC and ESBL E. coli isolates from the three animal diseases and gave evidence of their clonal dissemination within farms in Tunisia. CONCLUSION The present study sheds new light on the biofilm-forming ability and clonality within CREC and ESBL-EC isolated from three different animal diseases in Tunisian farm animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Dhaouadi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Romdhani
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Bouglita
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Salsabil Chedli
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Soufiene Chaari
- MEDIVET, Immeuble les Mimosas, 159 Avenue de l’UMA, La Soukra 2036, Tunisia
| | - Leila Soufi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Boubaker Elandoulsi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ben Sallem R, Arfaoui A, Najjari A, Carvalho I, Lekired A, Ouzari HI, Ben Slama K, Wong A, Torres C, Klibi N. First Report of IMI-2-Producing Enterobacter bugandensis and CTX-M-55-Producing Escherichia coli isolated from Healthy Volunteers in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010116. [PMID: 36671318 PMCID: PMC9854954 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria among healthy humans in Tunisia. Fifty-one rectal swabs of healthy volunteers were plated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime or imipenem. The occurrences of resistance genes, integrons, and phylogroup typing were investigated using PCR and sequencing. The genetic relatedness of isolates was determined by pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST). Whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) was performed for the carbapenem-resistant isolate. Sixteen ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates and one carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter bugandensis were detected out of the fifty-one fecal samples. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains contained genes encoding CTX-M-15 (n = 9), CTX-M-1 (n = 3), CTX-M-27 (n = 3), and CTX-M-55 (n = 1). Three CTX-M-1-producers were of lineages ST131, ST7366, and ST1158; two CTX-M-15-producers belonged to lineage ST925 and ST5100; one CTX-M-27-producer belonged to ST2887, and one CTX-M-15-producer belonged to ST744. Six isolates contained class 1 integrons with the following four gene cassette arrangements: dfrA5 (two isolates), dfrA12-orf-aadA2 (two isolates), dfrA17-aadA5 (one isolate), and aadA1 (one isolate). E. bugandensis belonged to ST1095, produced IMI-2 carbapenemase, and contained qnrE1 and fosA genes. A genome-sequence analysis of the E. bugandensis strain revealed new mutations in the blaACT and qnr genes. Our results reveal an alarming rate of ESBL-E. coli in healthy humans in Tunisia and the first description of IMI-2 in E. bugandensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory (LR22ES04), Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Sciences, Sainte Anne University, 1695 Route 1, Clare, NS B0W 1M0, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(613)-261-8581
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes-and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Abdelmalek Lekired
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imen Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory (LR22ES04), Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Alex Wong
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obaidat MM, Tarazi YH, AlSmadi WM. Sheep and goats are reservoirs of colistin resistant
Escherichia coli
that co‐resist critically important antimicrobials: First study from Jordan. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Yaser H. Tarazi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Walaa M. AlSmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferjani S, Maamar E, Ferjani A, Meftah K, Battikh H, Mnif B, Hamdoun M, Chebbi Y, Kanzari L, Achour W, Bahri O, Hammami A, Zribi M, Smaoui H, Boubaker IBB. Tunisian Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Gram Negative Bacilli: Emergence of Escherichia coli Harbouring the mcr-1 Gene. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101390. [PMID: 36290048 PMCID: PMC9598684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Actually, no data on the prevalence of plasmid colistin resistance in Tunisia are available among clinical bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current epidemiology of colistin resistance and the spread of the mcr gene in clinical Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from six Tunisian university hospitals. Methods: A total of 836 GNB strains were inoculated on COL-R agar plates with selective screening agar for the isolation of GNB resistant to colistin. For the selected isolates, mcr genes, beta-lactamases associated-resistance genes and molecular characterisation were screened by PCRs and sequencing. Results: Colistin-resistance was detected in 5.02% (42/836) of the isolates and colistin-resistant isolates harboured an ESBL (blaCTX-M-15) and/or a carbapenemase (blaOXA-48, blaVIM) encoding gene in 45.2% of the cases. The mcr-1 gene was detected in four E. coli isolates (0.59%) causing urinary tract infections and all these isolates also contained the blaTEM-1 gene. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was detected in three isolates that also carried the IncY and IncFIB replicons. The genetic environment surrounding the mcr-carrying plasmid indicated the presence of pap-2 gene upstream mcr-1 resistance marker with unusual missing of ISApl1 insertion sequence. The Conclusions: This study reports the first description of the mcr-1 gene among clinical E. coli isolates in Tunisia and provides an incentive to conduct routine colistin susceptibility testing in GNB clinical isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ferjani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-515-47301
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ferjani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Meftah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Hager Battikh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rabta University Hospital, Rue Jabbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Besma Mnif
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Route de l’Ain, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory for Microorganisms and Human Disease, University of Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamdoun
- Aziza Othmana Hospital, Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Biochimie, Bab Menara Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR16SP01, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Chebbi
- National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Laboratory Ward, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Kanzari
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Achour
- National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Laboratory Ward, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Bahri
- Aziza Othmana Hospital, Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Biochimie, Bab Menara Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR16SP01, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Adenene Hammami
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Route de l’Ain, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory for Microorganisms and Human Disease, University of Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Zribi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rabta University Hospital, Rue Jabbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bastidas-Caldes C, Romero-Alvarez D, Valdez-Vélez V, Morales RD, Montalvo-Hernández A, Gomes-Dias C, Calvopiña M. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli in South America: A Systematic Review with a One Health Perspective. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5759-5779. [PMID: 36204394 PMCID: PMC9531622 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s371845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Doctoral Program in Public and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, One Health Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, 170124, Ecuador, Tel +593 983 174949, Email
| | - Daniel Romero-Alvarez
- One Health Reserch Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Victor Valdez-Vélez
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Roberto D Morales
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Montalvo-Hernández
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cicero Gomes-Dias
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- One Health Reserch Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bello Gonzalez TD, Kant A, Dijkstra Q, Marcato F, van Reenen K, Veldman KT, Brouwer MSM. Changes in Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Dutch Veal Calves by Clonal Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866674. [PMID: 35814663 PMCID: PMC9260047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the changes in fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in a single Dutch veal calves. During the rearing period at the Dutch veal farm, a decrease in fecal carriage of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates was observed after 2 weeks at the veal farm, while an increase of cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was demonstrated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from rectal swabs collected from 110 veal calves in week 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after their arrival at the farm. ESBL-PE isolates were selectively cultured and identified by MALDI-TOF. ESBL genes were characterized by RT-PCR, PCRs, and amplicon sequencing. A total of 80 E. coli and 174 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 104 out of 110 veal calves. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli decreased from week 2 (61%) to week 6 (7%), while an unexpected increase in ESBL-K. pneumoniae colonization was detected in week 6 (80%). The predominant ESBL genes detected in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15 and the non-ESBL gene blaTEM-1a, while in K. pneumoniae blaCTX-M-14 gene was detected in all isolates. Four cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were randomly selected and characterized in deep by transformation, PCR-based replicon typing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of a subgroup of nine animals carrying K. pneumoniae ESBL genes was investigated by Multi Locus sequence typing (MLST). In four ESBL-K. pneumoniae isolates, blaCTX-M-14 was located on IncFIIK and IncFIINK plasmid replicons and the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). MLST demonstrated a clonal spread of ESBL-K. pneumoniae ST107. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a change in fecal carriage of ESBL-PE over time in the same veal calf during the rearing period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresita d.J. Bello Gonzalez
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Teresita d.J. Bello Gonzalez,
| | - Arie Kant
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Quillan Dijkstra
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Marcato
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees T. Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Michael S. M. Brouwer
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hwanhlem N, Salaipeth L, Charoensook R, Kanjan P, Maneerat S. Lactic Acid Bacteria from Gamecock and Goat Originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand: Isolation, Identification, Technological Properties and Probiotic Potential. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:355-364. [PMID: 35058398 PMCID: PMC9628785 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From independent swab samples of the cloaca of indigenous gamecocks (CIG), anus of healthy baby goats (AHG), and vagina of goats (VG) originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand, a total of 263 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected. Only three isolates, designated C707, G502, and V202, isolated from CIG, AHG, and VG, respectively, exhibited an excellent inhibitory zone diameter against foodborne pathogenic bacteria when evaluated by agar spot test. Isolates C707 and G502 were identified as Enterococcus faecium, whereas V202 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. When foodborne pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with chosen LAB in mixed BHI-MRS broth at 39°C, their growth was suppressed. These LAB were found to be capable of surviving in simulated stomach conditions. Only the isolate G502 was able to survive in the conditions of simulated intestinal juice. This research suggests that selected LAB could be used as a food/feed supplement to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria and improve the safety of animal-based food or feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noraphat Hwanhlem
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +6655962737 E-mail:
| | - Lakha Salaipeth
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rangsun Charoensook
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pochanart Kanjan
- Department of Agricultural and Fishery Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000 Thailand
| | - Suppasil Maneerat
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
First Report of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase ( blaCTX-M1) and Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in E. coli of Lineage ST648 from Cockroaches in Tunisia. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0003621. [PMID: 35230131 PMCID: PMC9045256 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00036-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become a major problem. Cockroaches may play an important role in the spread of those bacteria between the environment and humans. This study was designed to screen extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and colistin-resistant strains and to investigate the molecular support of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the external surface and gut homogenates of cockroaches collected from different locations in Tunisia. Between July 2017 and June 2018, 144 Enterobacteriaceae samples were isolated from 115 trapped cockroaches (collective catering, houses, and a hospital). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes and the mcr-1 gene were investigated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and standard PCR. The genetic relationship among isolates was studied with the help of multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis. Of the 144 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 22 strains exhibited a positive ESBL-screening test (73.3%), including 17 Escherichia coli isolates and 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Among them, 9 Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to colistin, with an MIC ranging from 8 to16 μg/L, all of which harbored the mcr-1 gene. Eight blaCTX-M-15 genes were detected; two among them were associated with blaTEM-117 and blaTEM-128, and seven blaCTX-M-1 genes were detected that also harbored the mcr-1 gene. Genotyping analysis revealed 7 different sequence types already described in humans and animals. We report the first survey of mcr-1 in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from cockroaches. Our findings highlight cockroaches as a source of nosocomial infections, and they are a reservoir of colistin-resistant E. coli, which is a carrier of other additional risk genes such as blaESBL, especially in hospitals. IMPORTANCE Multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a major concern worldwide that is increasingly observed in human, animals, and also cockroaches. In our study, we found that cockroaches may play an important role as a potential vector of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the hospital environment and collective catering. Our study describes the first survey of mcr-1 in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospital cockroaches. Our results further highlight the possibility that mcr-1 may enter humans via cockroach contamination and thereby threaten public health. Our results show that these cockroaches are an important reservoir of colistin-resistant E. coli and carriers of other additional risk genes such as blaESBL, hence the importance of strengthening prevention strategies and of strictly respecting hygiene measures in order to control their distribution and spread in Tunisia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Prevalence of polymyxin resistance through the food chain, the global crisis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:185-198. [PMID: 35079146 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the vital challenges facing global health today. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections are often treated with the narrow-spectrum drugs, colistin (polymyxin E) or polymyxin B, which are last-resort antibiotics for human therapeutics that are effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Unfortunately, resistance to these polymyxins has occurred because of selective pressure caused by the inappropriate use of those antibiotics, especially in farming. The mechanisms of resistance to polymyxins are mediated through intrinsic, mutational, or genetic alteration in chromosomal genes. The mechanism includes the regulatory network controlling chemical modifications of lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide, reducing the negative charge of lipid A and its affinity for polymyxins. Additionally, the unique mobile colistin/polymyxin B resistance (mcr) gene reported in Enterobacteriales is responsible for the horizontal dissemination of resistance to polymyxins via the food chain. There is now an urgent need to increase surveillance for detecting resistance to polymyxins. Therefore, this review presents an overview of presently available scientific literature on the mechanism of resistance to polymyxins, with their associated gene variants, evaluation methods, resistance transmission through the food chain via food bacteria, and related risk factors. We further focus on the significant implications of polymyxins usage in India and future views for food safety to preserve polymyxin activity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tartor YH, Gharieb RMA, Abd El-Aziz NK, El Damaty HM, Enany S, Khalifa E, Attia ASA, Abdellatif SS, Ramadan H. Virulence Determinants and Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance mcr Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Bovine Milk. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761417. [PMID: 34888259 PMCID: PMC8650641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major increase of bacterial resistance to colistin, a last-resort treatment for severe infections, was observed globally. Using colistin in livestock rearing is believed to be the ground of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene circulation and is of crucial concern to public health. This study aimed to determine the frequency and virulence characteristics of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the milk of mastitic cows and raw unpasteurized milk in Egypt. One hundred and seventeen strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (n = 90), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10), and Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 17) were screened for colistin resistance by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genetic characteristics of colistin-resistant strains were investigated for mcr-1-9 genes, phylogenetic groups, and virulence genes. Moreover, we evaluated four commonly used biocides in dairy farms for teat disinfection toward colistin-resistant strains. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes were detected in 82.91% (97/117) and 3.42% (4/117) of the isolates, respectively. Of the 117 tested isolates, 61 (52.14%) were colistin resistant (MIC >2 mg/L), distributed as 24/70 (34.29%) from clinical mastitis, 10/11 (90.91%) from subclinical mastitis, and 27/36 (75%) from raw milk. Of these 61 colistin-resistant isolates, 47 (19 from clinical mastitis, 8 from subclinical mastitis, and 20 from raw milk) harbored plasmid-borne mcr genes. The mcr-1 gene was identified in 31.91%, mcr-2 in 29.79%, mcr-3 in 34.04%, and each of mcr-4 and mcr-7 in 2.13% of the colistin-resistant isolates. Among these isolates, 42.55% (20/47) were E. coli, 21.28% (10/47) A. hydrophila, 19.12% (9/47) K. pneumoniae, and 17.02% (8/47) P. aeruginosa. This is the first report of mcr-3 and mcr-7 in P. aeruginosa. Conjugation experiments using the broth-mating technique showed successful transfer of colistin resistance to E. coli J53-recipient strain. Different combinations of virulence genes were observed among colistin-resistant isolates with almost all isolates harboring genes. Hydrogen peroxide has the best efficiency against all bacterial isolates even at a low concentration (10%). In conclusion, the dissemination of mobile colistin resistance mcr gene and its variants between MDR- and XDR-virulent Gram-negative isolates from dairy cattle confirms the spread of mcr genes at all levels; animals, humans, and environmental, and heralds the penetration of the last-resort antimicrobial against MDR bacteria. Consequently, a decision to ban colistin in food animals is urgently required to fight XDR and MDR bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Tartor
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M A Gharieb
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Amira S A Attia
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abdellatif
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dziri O, Dziri R, El Salabi AA, Alawami AA, Ksouri R, Chouchani C. Polymyxin E-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tunisia and Neighboring Countries: Are There Commonalities? Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4821-4832. [PMID: 34815678 PMCID: PMC8605809 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s327718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global dissemination of polymyxin E resistance constitutes a real public health threat because of the restricted therapeutic options. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiology of polymyxin E-resistant bacteria, with special reference to colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Tunisia and neighboring countries, based on available published data to January 2020. We aimed to determine their prevalence by species and origin, shedding light on the different genes involved and illustrating their genetic support, genetic environment, and geographic distribution. We found that colistin resistance varies considerably among countries. A majority of the research has focused on Algeria (13 of 32), followed by Tunisia (nine of 32), Egypt (nine of 32), and Libya (one of 32). All these reports showed that colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were dramatically disseminated in these countries, as well as in African wildlife. Moreover, high prevalence of these isolates was recorded from various sources (humans, animals, food products, and natural environments). Colistin resistance was mainly reported among Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. It was associated with chromosomal mutations and plasmid-mediated genes (mcr). Four mcr variants (mcr1, mcr2, mcr3, and mcr8), mobilized by several plasmid types (IncHI2, IncP, IncFIB, and IncI2), were detected in these countries and were responsible for their rapid spread. Countrywide dissemination of high-risk clones was also observed, including E. coli ST10 and K. pneumoniae ST101 and ST11. Intensified efforts to raise awareness of antibiotic use and legalization thereon are required in order to monitor and minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, Higher Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Environment of Borj Cédria, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Joint Service Unit for Research Genomic Platform, Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Environment of Borj Cédria, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Allaaeddin A El Salabi
- Infection Control and Patient Safety Office, New Marwa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya.,Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Alhussain A Alawami
- Infection Control and Patient Safety Office, New Marwa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, Higher Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Environment of Borj Cédria, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Joint Service Unit for Research Genomic Platform, Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Environment of Borj Cédria, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kawamoto Y, Kaku N, Akamatsu N, Sakamoto K, Kosai K, Morinaga Y, Ohmagari N, Izumikawa K, Yamamoto Y, Mikamo H, Kaku M, Oishi K, Yanagihara K. The surveillance of colistin resistance and mobilized colistin resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Japan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106480. [PMID: 34801675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasmid-mediated bacterial colistin-resistant gene, mcr, is of global concern in clinical healthcare. However, there are few reports of surveillance for mcr in Japan. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of colistin resistance by identifying nine mcr genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates in Japan. METHODS A total of 273 ESBL and CRE clinical isolates were collected from patients in five tertiary hospitals from August 2016 to March 2017. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was measured using the microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect mcr-1 to mcr-9 genes in all strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was conducted for any mcr-genes identified that had not been previously reported in patients from Japan. RESULTS The rate of colistin resistance was 7.7% in all strains, with a higher rate in the CRE strains than in the ESBL-producing strains (20.4% versus 1.1%). The mcr-5 and mcr-9 gene were detected in one ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strain (1/273, 0.37%) and three CRE strains (3/273, 1.1%), respectively. As the ESBL-producing E. coli strain was the first clinical strain with mcr-5 in Japan, WGS analysis was performed for the strain. The sequence type of the mcr-5-positive strain was ST1642 and it carried two distinct plasmids, ESBL gene-carrying pN-ES-6-1, and mcr-5.1-carrying pN-ES-6-2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the frequency of colistin resistance and mcr-positive strains is not high in Japan. As the MIC for colistin was low in the mcr-5.1 and mcr-9 gene-positive strain, continuous monitoring of mcr genes is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Kawamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, USA.
| | - Norihiko Akamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Correspondence, Japan; Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genetic Background of Antimicrobial Resistance in Multiantimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces of Healthy Broiler Chickens in Tunisia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1269849. [PMID: 34631876 PMCID: PMC8500769 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1269849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiantimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates are a global human health problem causing increasing morbidity and mortality. Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance are mainly harbored on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons and plasmids as well as integrons, which enhance their rapid spread. The aim of this study was to characterize 83 multiantimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from healthy broiler chickens. Among 78 tetracycline-resistant isolates, the tetA, tetB, and tetC genes were detected in 59 (75.6%), 14 (17.9%), and one (1.2%) isolates, respectively. The sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes were detected 31 (46.2%), 16 (23.8%), and 6 (8.9%) isolates, respectively, among 67 sulfonamide-resistant isolates. The PCR-based replicon typing method showed plasmids in 29 isolates, IncFIB (19), IncI1-Iγ (17), IncF (14), IncK (14), IncFIC (10), IncP (8), IncY (3), IncHI2 (1), and IncX (1). The class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 57 and 2 isolates, respectively; one isolate harbored both integrons. Seven and one gene cassette arrays were identified in class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively. Our findings show that multiantimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates from chickens serve as reservoirs of highly diverse and abundant tet and sul genes and plasmid replicons. Such isolates and MGEs pose a potential health threat to the public and animal farming.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lengliz S, Benlabidi S, Raddaoui A, Cheriet S, Ben Chehida N, Najar T, Abbassi MS. High occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): first report of bla IMI and bla VIM type genes from livestock in Tunisia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:708-717. [PMID: 34487562 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study the antibiotic susceptibility and possible occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)/carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from rabbits in Tunisia. In all, 35 faecal samples from healthy rabbits were collected from one farm and E. coli were isolated from three media: antibiotic-free TBX agar, TBX+2 mg l-1 cefotaxime and TBX+1 mg l-1 imipenem. In total, 39 E. coli isolates were recovered; the majority showed resistance to at least one antibiotic and none was ESBL producer. Carbapenem resistance was detected in 16 isolates from either selective or un-selective media. Phenotypic methods used to detect carbapenemase production showed two positive isolates by Modified Hodge Test, six metallo-carbapenemase producers (Imipenem disc+EDTA) and all were temocillin resistant (possible OXA-48 carbapenemase). blaVIM and blaIMP type genes were detected in two and one isolates, respectively; one of them harboured both genes. Isolates contained common genes encoding resistance to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC) and fluoroquinolones (qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr). Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in five and four isolates, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of rabbit production as reservoir of carbapenem-resistant E. coli and argument the first report of blaVIM and blaIMP genes in livestock in Tunisia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lengliz
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies LR11ES22, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Benlabidi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis, Tunisia.,LR18ES39, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Cheriet
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Ben Chehida
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - T Najar
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies LR11ES22, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M S Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial Resistance» LR99ES09, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Oguttu JW, Jaja CJ, Chah KF, Shodeinde Shoyinka V. Is Africa ready for mobile colistin resistance threat? Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2021; 11:1962781. [PMID: 34377360 PMCID: PMC8344256 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2021.1962781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem and a threat to effective treatment and prevention of an array of infections caused by bacteria. Africa is already faced with many socio-economic and health crises. Many countries in Africa can seldom boast of a standardized health care facility comparable to those in developed countries. Yet, the non-therapeutic use of COL has been banned in developed countries. However, in Africa, except for South Africa, COL is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication sold and dispensed by non-professionals/without a veterinarian's supervision. The ban of non-therapeutic COL in developed countries has proven to reduce the development of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) in humans and animals. The unregulated use of COL has been proven to select pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistance. A transmissible plasmid-mediated colistin determinant, mobile COL resistance (mcr) gene, which is rapidly transferred/acquired horizontally or laterally intra/inter-species/genera, has been reported. A highly promiscuous mobile genetic element like plasmids containing transposons, insertion sequences, and integrons aid the carriage/rapid transfer and acquisition of these mcr genes. Hence, we highlight the danger posed by escalating colistin (COL) resistance in the continent and the impetus to halt the indiscriminate and non-therapeutic use of COL to protect public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chinwe Juliana Jaja
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lalhruaipuii K, Dutta TK, Roychoudhury P, Chakraborty S, Subudhi PK, Samanta I, Bandyopadhayay S, Singh SB. Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Pathotypes in North Eastern Region of India: Backyard Small Ruminants-Human-Water Interface. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1664-1671. [PMID: 34191610 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 648 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were isolated from calves (n = 219), lambs (n = 87), kids (n = 103), human (n = 193), and water (n = 46) samples. The presence of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the Shiga toxin, intimin, hemolysin, and enterotoxin genes. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by disc diffusion assay. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and metallo-beta-lactamase production were determined by double-disk synergy test, modified Hodge test, and combined disk test assays. AMR genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaIMP) were detected by PCR using specific primers. Majority of the isolates from human and water exhibited resistance (>80%) against amoxicillin, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefixime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and cefalexin, and against imipenem (70.98%), doripenem (70.47%), and ertapenem (60.62%). Bovine isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. Many isolates (5.75-24.35%) from human, water, calves, kids, and lambs were multidrug resistant (MDR), with resistance against three or more classes of antimicrobials. A total of 170/648 (26.23%) isolates were classified as STEC (9.88%), EPEC (4.32%), and ETEC (12.04%). The AMR genes, including blaTEM, blaCMY2, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were detected in the E. coli from all sources. but blaNDM and blaKPC were detected only in the isolates from human and water. Three STEC isolates from human origin possessed multiple ESBLs, carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes reported for the first time. ESBLs producing EPEC and ETEC in lambs and kids are also reported under this study. Presence of MDR-DEC in domestic animals and common potable water poses public health concern in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Parimal Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Satyaki Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Prasant K Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hassen B, Abbassi MS, Ruiz-Ripa L, Mama OM, Ibrahim C, Benlabidi S, Hassen A, Torres C, Hammami S. Genetic characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a biological industrial wastewater treatment plant in Tunisia with detection of the colistin-resistance mcr-1 gene. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:5986610. [PMID: 33202005 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and associated resistance genes, integrons, and plasmid types, as well as the genetic relatedness of enterobacterial isolates in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of La Charguia, Tunis City (Tunisia). A total of 100 water samples were collected at different points of the sewage treatment process during 2017-2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by the disc-diffusion method. blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV genes as well as those encoding non-β-lactam resistance, the plasmid types, occurrence of class1 integrons and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolates were determined by PCR/sequencing. Genomic relatedness was determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) for selected isolates. In total, 57 ESBL-producer isolates were recovered (47 E. coli, eight Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 of the Citrobacter freundii complex and 1 of the Enterobacter cloacae complex). The CTX-M-15 enzyme was the most frequently detected ESBL, followed by CTX-M-27, CTX-M-55 and SHV-12. One E. coli isolate harboured the mcr-1 gene. The following phylogroups/sequence types (STs) were identified among ESBL-producing E. coli isolates: B2/ST131 (subclade-C1), A/ST3221, A/ST8900, D/ST69, D/ST2142, D/ST38, B1/ST2460 and B1/ST6448. High numbers of isolates harboured the class 1 integrons with various gene cassette arrays as well as IncP-1 and IncFIB plasmids. Our findings confirm the importance of WWTPs as hotspot collectors of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae with a high likelihood of spread to human and natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hassen
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de résistance aux antibiotiques LR99ES09, Tunisia
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Olouwafemi M Mama
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Chourouk Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des rejets hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Benlabidi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des rejets hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Salah Hammami
- Université de la Manouba, IRESA, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
Collapse
|
25
|
Anyanwu MU, Okpala COR, Chah KF, Shoyinka VS. Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6630379. [PMID: 33553426 PMCID: PMC7847340 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6630379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene threatens the efficacy of colistin (COL), a last-line antibiotic used in treating deadly infections. For more than six decades, COL is used in livestock around the globe, including Africa. The use of critically important antimicrobial agents, like COL, is largely unregulated in Africa, and many other factors militate against effective antimicrobial stewardship in the continent. Currently, ten mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been described. In Africa, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-8, and mcr-9 have been detected in isolates from humans, animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Different conjugative and nonconjugative plasmids form the backbone for mcr in these isolates; however, mcr-1 and mcr-3 have also been integrated into the chromosome of some African strains. Insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), either located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1 integrons, and transposons, are drivers of mcr in Africa. Genes coding multi/extensive drug resistance and virulence are colocated with mcr on plasmids in African strains. Transmission of mcr to/among African strains is nonclonal. Contact with mcr-habouring reservoirs, the consumption of contaminated foods of animal/plant origin or fluid, animal-/plant-based food trade and travel serve as exportation, importation, and transmission routes of mcr gene-containing bacteria in Africa. Herein, the current status of plasmid-mediated COL resistance in humans, food-producing animals, foods of animal origin, and environment in Africa is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sadek M, Ortiz de la Rosa JM, Abdelfattah Maky M, Korashe Dandrawy M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Genomic Features of MCR-1 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Retail Raw Chicken in Egypt. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010195. [PMID: 33477851 PMCID: PMC7832903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered as a last resort agent for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr type) have been reported, mainly corresponding to mcr-1 producers. Those mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales have been identified not only from human isolates, but also from food samples, from animal specimens and from environmental samples in various parts of the world. Our study focused on the occurrence and characterization of mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales recovered from retail raw chicken in Egypt. From the 345 retail chicken carcasses collected, a total of 20 samples allowed to recover mcr-1-positive isolates (Escherichia coli, n = 19; Citrobacter freundii, n = 1). No mcr-2- to mcr-10-positive isolate was identified from those samples. The colistin resistance trait was confirmed for all those 20 isolates with a positivity of the Rapid Polymyxin NP (Nordmann-Poirel) test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin for all MCR-1-producing isolates ranged between 4 and 16 μg/mL. Noticeably, 9 out of the 20 mcr-1-positive isolates produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), respectively producing CTX-M-9 (n = 2), CTX-M-14 (n = 4), CTX-M-15 (n = 2), and SHV-12 (n = 1). Noteworthy, the fosA4 gene encoding resistance to fosfomycin was found in a single mcr-1-positive E. coli isolate, in which both genes were located on different conjugative plasmids. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were identified, corresponding to 10 different sequence types (STs), highlighting the genetic diversity of those different E. coli. Whole-genome sequencing revealed three major types of mcr-1-bearing plasmids, corresponding to IncI2, IncX4, and IncHI2 scaffolds. The occurrence of MCR-1-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in retail raw chicken is of great concern, considering the possibility of transmission to humans through the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sadek
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Mohamed Korashe Dandrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hassen B, Abbassi MS, Benlabidi S, Ruiz-Ripa L, Mama OM, Ibrahim C, Hassen A, Hammami S, Torres C. Genetic characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wastewater and river water in Tunisia: predominance of CTX-M-15 and high genetic diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44368-44377. [PMID: 32767214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are crucial hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistant microorganisms and resistance genes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the genetic characterization of cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) Enterobacteriaceae at a Tunisian semi-industrial pilot plant with biological treatment (WWPP) and its receiving river (Rouriche River, downstream from WWPP) located in Tunis City, during 2017-2018. We collected 105 and 15 water samples from the WWPP and the Rouriche River, respectively. Samples were screened to recover ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and isolates were characterized for phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance, integrons, plasmid types and molecular typing (multilocus sequence typing, MLST). Among 120 water samples, 33 and 4 contained ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Most isolates were multidrug resistant and produced CTX-M-15 (28 isolates), CTX-M-1 (4 isolates), CTX-M-55 (2 isolates), CTX-M-27 (one isolate), SHV-12 (one isolate) and VEB beta-lactamases (one isolate). All K. pneumoniae were CTX-M-15-positive. Four colistin-resistant isolates were found (MIC 4-8 μg/ml), but they were negative for the mcr genes tested. Class 1 integrons were detected in 21/25 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates, and nine of them carried the gene cassette arrays: aadA2 + dfrA12 (n = 4), aadA1 + dfrA15 (n = 2), aadA5 + dfrA17 (n = 2) and aadA1/2 (n = 1). The IncP and IncFIB plasmids were found in 30 and 16 isolates, respectively. Genetic lineages detected were as follows: E. coli (ST48-ST10 Cplx, ST2499, ST906, ST2973 and ST2142); K. pneumoniae: (ST1540 and ST661). Our findings show a high rate of CTX-M-15 and high genetic diversity of ESBL-E isolates from WWPP and receiving river water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hassen
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de résistance aux antibiotiques LR99ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Benlabidi
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar, 20 rue Jebel, Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Olouwafemi M Mama
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Chourouk Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- IRESA, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olowo-okere A, Yacouba A. Molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Africa: A systematic review of literature. Germs 2020; 10:367-379. [PMID: 33489952 PMCID: PMC7811859 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Updated and comprehensive data on the mechanism underlying colistin resistance is lacking in Africa. LITERATURE SEARCH Herein, we aimed to review available literature on the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journal online databases were searched on the 15th of January 2020 for original research articles that reported mechanisms of colistin resistance in any of the 54 African countries. REVIEW Of the 1473 studies identified through initial database search, 36 met the inclusion criteria. Colistin resistance was mostly observed in Escherichia coli isolated from human clinical samples. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism (26; 72.2%) was the most frequently reported resistance mechanism. About three-quarters (27; 75.0%) of the 36 studies were done in North Africa. In this zone, the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes were mostly detected in E. coli harboring three plasmid types, IncHI2, IncI2, and IncX4, from animal samples (n=9; 42.8%). Of the six studies performed in Southern Africa, four reported mcr-1 mostly detected from human samples (n=2; 50.0%) in E. coli isolates carrying IncHI2, IncI2, and IncX4 with diverse range of STs. One hitherto unknown mutation, the mutation in the I527N gene was detected in colistin resistant isolates in this region, which was absent in colistin susceptible isolates. In West and Central Africa, two and one studies, respectively, reported mcr-1 gene exclusively in Escherichia coli isolates. CONCLUSIONS Transferable plasmid mediated colistin resistance is rapidly emerging in Africa with mcr-1 as the predominant genetic variant in human, animals, and environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olowo-okere
- PharmD, PhD, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdourahamane Yacouba
- MD, Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, P.M.B. 10896, Niamey, Niger
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ayoub Moubareck C. Polymyxins and Bacterial Membranes: A Review of Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Resistance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080181. [PMID: 32784516 PMCID: PMC7463838 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following their initial discovery in the 1940s, polymyxin antibiotics fell into disfavor due to their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic development pipeline, together with the rising global prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have both rejuvenated clinical interest in these polypeptide antibiotics. Parallel to the revival of their use, investigations into the mechanisms of action and resistance to polymyxins have intensified. With an initial known effect on biological membranes, research has uncovered the detailed molecular and chemical interactions that polymyxins have with Gram-negative outer membranes and lipopolysaccharide structure. In addition, genetic and epidemiological studies have revealed the basis of resistance to these agents. Nowadays, resistance to polymyxins in MDR Gram-negative pathogens is well elucidated, with chromosomal as well as plasmid-encoded, transferrable pathways. The aims of the current review are to highlight the important chemical, microbiological, and pharmacological properties of polymyxins, to discuss their mechanistic effects on bacterial membranes, and to revise the current knowledge about Gram-negative acquired resistance to these agents. Finally, recent research, directed towards new perspectives for improving these old agents utilized in the 21st century, to combat drug-resistant pathogens, is summarized.
Collapse
|
30
|
Touati A, Mairi A. Plasmid-Determined Colistin Resistance in the North African Countries: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:121-133. [PMID: 32522081 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted a systematic review to update available information on plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mobilized colistin resistance [mcr]) genes in North African countries. We have searched the articles of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance bacteria isolated in North African countries. After searching and selection, 30 studies that included 208 mcr-positive isolates were included. Different mcr-positive strains frequencies were recorded and ranged from 2% in clinical isolates to 12.3% in environmental samples. Escherichia coli was the predominant species recorded and these microorganisms showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. IncHI2 plasmids are probably the key vectors responsible for the dissemination of mcr genes in these countries. This review highlighted that the mcr-positive isolates are circulating in different ecological niches with different frequencies. Therefore, actions should be implemented to prevent the dissemination of the mcr genes within and outside of these countries, such as microbiological and molecular surveillance programs and restriction use of colistin in farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Touati
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Assia Mairi
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| |
Collapse
|