1
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Kim HS, Hariri K, Zhang X, Chen L, Katz BB, Pei H, Louie SG, Zhang Y. Synthesis of site-specific Fab-drug conjugates using ADP-ribosyl cyclases. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4924. [PMID: 38501590 PMCID: PMC10949397 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of small-molecule drugs via covalent attachments to monoclonal antibodies has proved successful in clinic. For this purpose, full-length antibodies are mainly used as drug-carrying vehicles. Despite their flexible conjugation sites and versatile biological activities, intact immunoglobulins with conjugated drugs, which feature relatively large molecular weights, tend to have restricted tissue distribution and penetration and low fractions of payloads. Linking small-molecule therapeutics to other formats of antibody may lead to conjugates with optimal properties. Here, we designed and synthesized ADP-ribosyl cyclase-enabled fragment antigen-binding (Fab) drug conjugates (ARC-FDCs) by utilizing CD38 catalytic activity. Through rapidly forming a stable covalent bond with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )-based drug linker at its active site, CD38 genetically fused with Fab mediates robust site-specific drug conjugations via enzymatic reactions. Generated ARC-FDCs with defined drug-to-Fab ratios display potent and antigen-dependent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. This work demonstrates a new strategy for developing site-specific FDCs. It may be applicable to different antibody scaffolds for therapeutic conjugations, leading to novel targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimia Hariri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiao‐Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Liang‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Research Center for Liver DiseasesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Premji SK, O’Sullivan CC. Standard-of-Care Treatment for HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Options. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2024; 18:11782234241234418. [PMID: 38410761 PMCID: PMC10896056 DOI: 10.1177/11782234241234418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior to the advent of the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, HER2+ breast cancer (BC) was considered an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Over the past 25 years, innovations in molecular biology, pathology, and early therapeutics have transformed the treatment landscape. With the advent of multiple HER2-directed therapies, there have been immense improvements in oncological outcomes in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. Currently, 8 HER2-targeted therapies are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of early-stage and/or advanced/metastatic disease. Nonetheless, approximately 25% of patients develop recurrent disease or metastasis after HER2-targeted therapy and most patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) die from their disease. Given the many mechanisms of resistance to HER2-directed therapy, there is a pressing need to further personalize care for patients with HER2+ MBC, by the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers, and the development of novel therapies and combination regimens to overcome therapeutic resistance. Of particular interest are established and novel antibody-drug conjugates, as well as other novel therapeutics and multifaceted approaches to harness the immune system (checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and vaccine therapy). Herein, we discuss standard-of-care treatment of HER2+ MBC, including the management of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM). Furthermore, we highlight novel treatment approaches for HER2+ MBC, including endeavors to personalize therapy, and discuss ongoing controversies and challenges.
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3
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McNamara B, Greenman M, Pebley N, Mutlu L, Santin AD. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in HER2/neu-Positive Gynecologic Tumors. Molecules 2023; 28:7389. [PMID: 37959808 PMCID: PMC10650896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of targeted anti-cancer therapies that combine a monoclonal tumor-surface-receptor-targeting antibody with a highly cytotoxic molecule payload bonded through specifically designed cleavable or non-cleavable chemical linkers. One such tumor surface receptor is human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), which is of interest for the treatment of many gynecologic tumors. ADCs enable the targeted delivery of a variety of cytotoxic therapies to tumor cells while minimizing delivery to healthy tissues. This review summarizes the existing literature about HER2-targeting ADC therapies approved for use in gynecologic malignancies, relevant preclinical studies, strategies to address ADC resistance, and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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4
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Li Y, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yu X, Lu J, Jin N, Shang C, Li X, Fan S. A novel antibody-KSP inhibitor conjugate improves KSP inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122258. [PMID: 37523792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical trials of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors have failed due to issues such as high toxicity and a short circulation half-life in vivo. To address the limitations of current KSP inhibitors and thus broad its use in antitumor therapy, this study applied antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to the KSP inhibitor SB-743921, which was coupled with the HER2-specific antibody trastuzumab using a cathepsin B-dependent valine-alanine (Val-Ala, VA) dipeptide-type linker to generate H2-921. Ex vivo and in vivo analyses of H2-921 showed an increased half-life of SB-743921 and prolonged contact time with tumor cells. Furthermore, H2-921 induced apoptosis and incomplete autophagy in HER2-positive cells. In the in vivo analyses, H2-921 had significant tumor-targeting properties, and tumor inhibition by H2-921 was greater than that by traditional KSP inhibitors but similar to that by the positive control drug T-DM1. In conclusion, this study describes a novel application of ADC technology that enhances the antitumor effects of a KSP inhibitor and thus may effectively address the poor clinical efficacy of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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5
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McNamee N, da Silva IP, Nagrial A, Gao B. Small-Cell Lung Cancer-An Update on Targeted and Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8129. [PMID: 37175833 PMCID: PMC10179261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The clinical course of SCLC is generally characterised by initial sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies, followed by early relapse and broad cross resistance to second line agents. Whilst there has been an enormous expansion of effective targeted and immune-based therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the last decade, little improvement has been achieved in SCLC treatment and survival due, at least in part, to underappreciated inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Here we review the current treatment paradigm of SCLC including recent advances made in utilizing immunotherapy and the challenges of identifying a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. We examine emerging new targeted therapies, combination immunotherapy and future directions of SCLC treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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6
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Kong M, D'Atri D, Bilotta MT, Johnson B, Updegrove TB, Gallardo DL, Machinandiarena F, Wu IL, Constantino MA, Hewitt SM, Tanner K, Fitzgerald DJ, Ramamurthi KS. Cell-specific cargo delivery using synthetic bacterial spores. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111955. [PMID: 36640333 PMCID: PMC10009695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of cancer therapeutics to non-specific sites decreases treatment efficacy while increasing toxicity. In ovarian cancer, overexpression of the cell surface marker HER2, which several therapeutics target, relates to poor prognosis. We recently reported the assembly of biocompatible bacterial spore-like particles, termed "SSHELs." Here, we modify SSHELs with an affibody directed against HER2 and load them with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Drug-loaded SSHELs reduce tumor growth and increase survival with lower toxicity in a mouse tumor xenograft model compared with free drug and with liposomal doxorubicin by preferentially accumulating in the tumor mass. Target cells actively internalize and then traffic bound SSHELs to acidic compartments, whereupon the cargo is released to the cytosol in a pH-dependent manner. We propose that SSHELs represent a versatile strategy for targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Domenico D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Bilotta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Taylor B Updegrove
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devorah L Gallardo
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Federico Machinandiarena
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Lin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maira Alves Constantino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - David J Fitzgerald
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Fatima I, Rahdar A, Sargazi S, Barani M, Hassanisaadi M, Thakur VK. Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Antibody Conjugation, and HER2-Receptor Targeting for Breast Cancer Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:75. [PMID: 34940554 PMCID: PMC8708439 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is becoming one of the main lethal carcinomas in the recent era, and its occurrence rate is increasing day by day. There are different breast cancer biomarkers, and their overexpression takes place in the metastasis of cancer cells. The most prevalent breast cancer biomarker is the human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2). As this biomarker is overexpressed in malignant breast tissues, it has become the main focus in targeted therapies to fight breast cancer. There is a cascade of mechanisms involved in metastasis and cell proliferation in cancer cells. Nanotechnology has become extremely advanced in targeting and imaging cancerous cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor NPs, and they are used for bioimaging, biolabeling, and biosensing. They are synthesized by different approaches such as top-down, bottom-up, and synthetic methods. Fully human monoclonal antibodies synthesized using transgenic mice having human immunoglobulin are used to target malignant cells. For the HER2 receptor, herceptin® (trastuzumab) is the most specific antibody (Ab), and it is conjugated with QDs by using different types of coupling mechanisms. This quantum dot monoclonal antibody (QD-mAb) conjugate is localized by injecting it into the blood vessel. After the injection, it goes through a series of steps to reach the intracellular space, and bioimaging of specifically the HER2 receptor occurs, where apoptosis of the cancer cells takes place either by the liberation of Ab or the free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran; (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran; (M.B.); (M.H.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76184-11764, Iran
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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8
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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9
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Hamilton E, Shastry M, Shiller SM, Ren R. Targeting HER2 heterogeneity in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102286. [PMID: 34534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a target in breast cancer and the subsequent development of HER2-targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, there is an increasing awareness of how frequently tumors have low or heterogeneous expression of HER2. It is now recognized that this impacts the degree of benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. With the advent of novel and more potent antibody drug conjugates, targeting HER2 in traditional HER2-negative tumors with "HER2-low" expression is becoming possible. It is essential to refine the nomenclature around HER2 expression to enable clinicians to optimize treatment for patients across the HER2 expression spectrum in breast cancer. HER2 heterogeneity can be detected by conventional IHC, gene expression profiling or other methods and numerous studies have documented the correlation between the presence of HER2 heterogeneity and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Validation of techniques to identify HER2 heterogeneity in the clinic and concurrent development of agents to effectively treat tumors with non-uniform HER2 expression is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Mythili Shastry
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - S Michelle Shiller
- Genomic and Molecular Pathology Services, Pathgroup, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rongqin Ren
- Genomic and Molecular Pathology Services, Pathgroup, Nashville, TN, United States
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10
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Li L, Wang C, Wu Y, Dong L, Chen F, Dong K, Song H. Simple and Rapid LC-MS/MS Methods for Quantifying Catabolites of Antibody-Drug Conjugates with SMCC Linker. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:642-649. [PMID: 33420505 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The stability and exposure of toxin-related catabolites in system circulation contributes to the evaluation of the stability, targeted delivery and off-target toxicity for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) at different stages during drug development. In this study, simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for determination catabolites of Mertansine (DM1), MCC-DM1 and Lys-MCC-DM1 in cynomolgus serum have been developed. The serum samples are processed by protein precipitation. The LC-MS/MS methods are applied on a Phenomenex C8 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution with water-formic acid 0.1% (A) and acetonitrile-formic acid 0.1% (B) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The analytical run time is only 4.0 min and the calibration ranges of the standard curve are 0.500-200 ng/mL for DM1, 1.00-500 ng/mL for MCC-DM1 and 2.00-1000 ng/mL for Lys-MCC-DM1. Intra- and inter-day precision of low, middle and high quality controls was <15%, and accuracy was 99.2-110.9%. The methods were successfully applied to evaluate three catabolites of novel ADCs with N-succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate linker in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chanrui Wang
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yijue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lihou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kelly Dong
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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11
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Abstract
Breast cancer, as a heterogeneous disease, includes a wide range of pathological and clinical behaviors. Current treatment protocols, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, are mainly associated with poor response and high rate of recurrence. Therefore, more efforts are needed to develop alternative therapies for this type of cancer. Immunotherapy, as a novel strategy in cancer treatment, has a potential in treating breast cancer patients. Although breast cancer has long been considered problematic to treat with immunotherapy, as it is immunologically "cold," numerous newer preclinical and clinical reports now recommend that immunotherapy has the capability to treat breast cancer patients. In this review, we highlight the different immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer treatment.
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12
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Bapat P, Sewell DG, Boylan M, Sharma AK, Spallholz JE. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Trastuzumab (Tz) and Se-Trastuzumab (Se-Tz) against the Her/2 Breast Cancer Cell Lines JIMT-1 and BT-474. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094655. [PMID: 33925081 PMCID: PMC8124313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Her/2+ breast cancer accounts for ~25% mortality in women and overexpression of Her/2 leads to cell growth and tumor progression. Trastuzumab (Tz) with Taxane is the preferred treatment for Her/2+ patients. However, Tz responsive patients often develop resistance to Tz treatment. Herein, redox selenides (RSe-) were covalently linked to Tz using a selenium (Se)-modified Bolton–Hunter Reagent forming Seleno-Trastuzumab (Se-Tz; ~25 µgSe/mg). Se-Tz was compared to Tz and sodium selenite to assess the viability of JIMT-1 and BT-474 cells. Comparative cell viability was examined by microscopy and assessed by fluorometric/enzymatic assays. Se-Tz and selenite redox cycle producing superoxide (O2•−) are more cytotoxic to Tz resistant JIMT-1 and Tz sensitive BT-474 cells than Tz. The results of conjugating redox selenides to Tz suggest a wider application of this technology to other antibodies and targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bapat
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.B.); (D.G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Debalina Goswami Sewell
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.B.); (D.G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mallory Boylan
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.B.); (D.G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Julian E. Spallholz
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.B.); (D.G.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-786-8349
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13
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Small Molecule-Based Prodrug Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030417. [PMID: 33499427 PMCID: PMC7865627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer poses a serious clinical problem with poor outcomes and remains a deadly disease. New targeted treatment options are urgently needed. PSMA is highly expressed in prostate cancer and has been an attractive biomarker for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we explored the feasibility of targeted delivery of an antimitotic drug, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), to tumor tissue using a small-molecule based PSMA lig-and. With the aid of Cy5.5, we found that a cleavable linker is vital for the antitumor activity of the ligand-drug conjugate and have developed a new PSMA-targeting prodrug, PSMA-1-VcMMAE. In in vitro studies, PSMA-1-VcMMAE was 48-fold more potent in killing PSMA-positive PC3pip cells than killing PSMA-negative PC3flu cells. In in vivo studies, PSMA-1-VcMMAE significantly inhibited tumor growth leading to prolonged animal survival in different animal models, including metastatic prostate cancer models. Compared to anti-PSMA antibody-MMAE conjugate (PSMA-ADC) and MMAE, PSMA-1-VcMMAE had over a 10-fold improved maximum tolerated dose, resulting in improved therapeutic index. The small molecule-drug conjugates reported here can be easily synthesized and are more cost efficient than anti-body-drug conjugates. The therapeutic profile of the PSMA-1-VcMMAE encourages further clin-ical development for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Luca SD, Verdoliva V, Saviano M. Peptide Ligands Specifically Targeting HER2 Receptor and the Role Played by a Synthetic Model System of the Receptor Extracellular Domain: Hypothesized Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15333-15343. [PMID: 33226807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A short (Fab)trastuzumab-derived peptide specific for HER2 receptor was identified. Its affinity for the model system HER2-DIVMP was found in a nanomolar range. The structural determinants responsible for the interaction between this ligand (A9) and HER2-DIVMP were investigated by both computational and NMR analysis. Next, the possibility of using A9 as HER2- specific probe for the nuclear medicine imaging was evaluated by conjugating A9 with the DTPA chelator and radiolabeling it with 111In. The developed probe retained a nanomolar affinity to HER2-overexpressing cancer cells, however, some unspecific binding also occurred. The peptide internalization into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis was also studied. Future perspectives are aimed at using A9 as a probe for molecular imaging diagnostics as well as active targeting of anticancer drugs. Lead structure optimization is needed to minimize the percentage of A9 unspecific binding and to increase the binding affinity to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Luca
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Verdoliva
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
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15
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Gandullo-Sánchez L, Capone E, Ocaña A, Iacobelli S, Sala G, Pandiella A. HER3 targeting with an antibody-drug conjugate bypasses resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11498. [PMID: 32329582 PMCID: PMC7207167 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive clinical benefit obtained with anti‐HER2‐targeted therapies, in advances stages, especially in the metastatic setting, HER2‐positive tumors remain incurable. Therefore, it is important to develop novel strategies to fight these tumors, especially when they become resistant to available therapies. We show here that the anti‐HER3 antibody–drug conjugate EV20/MMAF exerted potent anti‐tumoral properties against several models of primary resistance and secondary resistance to common anti‐HER2 available therapies, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and trastuzumab‐emtansine. HER3 was expressed in these HER2+ breast cancer cells and knockdown experiments demonstrated that HER3 expression was required for the action of EV20/MMAF. In mice injected with trastuzumab‐resistant HER2+ cells, a single dose of EV20/MMAF caused complete and long‐lasting tumor regression. Mechanistically, EV20/MMAF bound to cell surface HER3 and became internalized to the lysosomes. Treatment with EV20/MMAF caused cell cycle arrest in mitosis and promoted cell death through mitotic catastrophe. These findings encourage the clinical testing of EV20/MMAF for several indications in the HER2+ cancer clinic, including situations in which HER2+ tumors become refractory to approved anti‐HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studiesand Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studiesand Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,MediaPharma s.r.l, Chieti, Italy
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Amani N, Dorkoosh FA, Mobedi H. ADCs, as Novel Revolutionary Weapons for Providing a Step Forward in Targeted Therapy of Malignancies. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:23-51. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191121145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), as potent pharmaceutical trojan horses for cancer treatment, provide superior efficacy and specific targeting along with low risk of adverse reactions compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. In fact, the development of these agents combines the selective targeting capability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics for controlling the neoplastic mass growth. Different ADCs (more than 60 ADCs) in preclinical and clinical trials were introduced in this novel pharmaceutical field. Various design-based factors must be taken into account for improving the functionality of ADC technology, including selection of appropriate target antigen and high binding affinity of fragment (miniaturized ADCs) or full mAbs (preferentially use of humanized or fully human antibodies compared to murine and chimeric ones), use of bispecific antibodies for dual targeting effect, linker engineering and conjugation method efficacy to obtain more controlled drug to antibody ratio (DAR). Challenging issues affecting therapeutic efficacy and safety of ADCs, including bystander effect, on- and off-target toxicities, multi drug resistance (MDR) are also addressed. 4 FDA-approved ADCs in the market, including ADCETRIS ®, MYLOTARG®, BESPONSA ®, KADCYLA®. The goal of the current review is to evaluate the key parameters affecting ADCs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshafarin Amani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobedi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hayat SMG, Sahebkar A. Antibody-drug conjugates: smart weapons against cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1257-1262. [PMID: 32864020 PMCID: PMC7444717 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Abstract
Introduction: Prodrugs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapy by targeting unique abnormal markers that are overexpressed by cancer cells and are absent in normal tissues. In this context, different strategies have been exploited and new ones are being developed each year. Areas covered: In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy is provided. Passive and active strategies are discussed in light of the advantages of each one and some successful examples are provided, as well as the clinical status of several prodrugs. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most commonly used. However, several drawbacks, including limited prodrug uptake, poor pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity problems, difficulties in selective targeting and gene expression, and optimized bystander effects limit their clinical applications. Expert opinion: Despite the efforts of different companies and research groups, several drawbacks, such as the lack of relevant in vivo models, complexity of the human metabolism, and economic limitations, have hampered the development of new prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy. As a result, we believe that the combination of prodrugs with cancer nanotechnology and other newly developed approaches, such as aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials, are efficient strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- b Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Hybrid Materials , Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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19
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Liu J, Wu X, Lin L, Pan H, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Bp-Bs, a Novel T-cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody with Biparatopic Her2 Binding, Has Potent Anti-tumor Activities. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:66-73. [PMID: 31020038 PMCID: PMC6475711 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (Her2) overexpression are associated with aggressive tumor growth and poor clinical outcomes. Bispecific antibodies targeting Her2 have recently exhibited potent effects on Her2 signal inhibition. In this study, a novel biparatopic anti-Her2 bispecific antibody (Bp-Bs) was constructed by linking a single anti-CD3 Fab with two different anti-Her2 single-domain antibodies targeting non-overlapping epitopes of Her2. The Bp-Bs demonstrated strong binding on Her2-positive cells and potent cytotoxicity on Her2-positive tumor cells, even Her2-low expression cells, suggesting that biparatopic bispecific antibodies may have improved therapeutic benefits on broad Her2 patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Limin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haitao Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanlan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yining Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Yao Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Liu X, Liu Z, Li Y, Fang Z, Mao J, Zheng Y, Ye M. One-Step SH2 Superbinder-Based Approach for Sensitive Analysis of Tyrosine Phosphoproteome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1870-1879. [PMID: 30875230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation plays a major role in regulating cell signaling pathways governing diverse biological functions such as proliferation and differentiation. Systemically mapping phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites is the key to understanding molecular mechanisms underlining pTyr-dependent signaling. Although mass spectrometry-based technologies have been widely used for pTyr site profiling and quantification, their applications are often hindered by the poor efficiency in current multistep enrichment procedures for inherently low abundance pTyr peptides, especially under physiological conditions. Taking advantage of the sequence-independent high affinity of SH2 superbinder toward pTyr residues, we have developed a simplified one-step pTyr peptide enrichment method that uses immobilized SH2 superbinder for unbiased and robust enrichment of endogenous pTyr peptides from biological samples. By eliminating the prerequisite global phosphopeptide enrichment step in our previously developed two-step method, we minimized sample loss and improved peptide capture efficiency. Applying this method to Jurkat cells at resting state, where the tyrosine phosphorylation level is low, both the number of identified pTyr peptides and sites are increased by three folds compared to the two-step method. Specifically, we were able to identify 511 nonredundant pTyr peptides, corresponding to 403 high confidence pTyr sites, from Jurkat cells with high level technical reproducibility (Pearson's correlation coefficient as high as 0.94). Further applying this method to two human breast cancer cell lines, BT474 and HCC1954, before and after EGF stimulation, we demonstrated that this approach could be a powerful tool for illustrating pTyr-dependent signaling network controlling cellular behaviors such as drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zheng Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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21
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Abedi M, Cohan RA, Mahboudi F, Faramarzi MA, Fazel R, Damavandi N, Ardestani MS, Davami F. Novel trastuzumab-DM1 conjugate: Synthesis and bio-evaluation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18206-18213. [PMID: 30854662 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are now of considerable interest and are recommended for the treatment of cancers. Linkers are having a crucial role in potency and efficacy of these drugs. Herein, for the first time, we have used a water-soluble poly-ethylene glycol based linker (succinimidyl-[(N-maleimido propionamido)-diethyleneglycol] [SM(PEG)2]) for lysine amide coupling of DM1 drug to trastuzumab considering evaluation of the effect of using a hydrophilic linker on physicochemical and biological properties of the resulting conjugate in comparison to the conjugate containing succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) linker, which has a relative hydrophobic nature. The physicochemical properties of synthesized conjugates were investigated in terms of drug to antibody ratio, size variants and free drug quantities. In vitro biological activity of trastuzumab-DM1 conjugates was assessed on breast cancer cell lines expressing different levels of HER2 using binding affinity, antiproliferative, apoptosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Synthesized conjugate containing hydrophilic linker, showed higher drug to antibody ratio, no aggregated form and higher cellular toxicity in comparison to SMCC bearing conjugate. Binding affinity and ADCC potential of conjugates was not affected upon the usage of hydrophilic linker. In conclusion, application of SM(PEG)2 for coupling of DM1 to trastuzumab enhance desirable characteristics of the resulting conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Abedi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Fazel
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Damavandi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Wang J, Zhang W, Salter R, Lim HK. Reductive Desulfuration as an Important Tool in Detection of Small Molecule Modifications to Payload of Antibody Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2368-2375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Rhys Salter
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Heng-Keang Lim
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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23
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Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Miyashita M, Kijima G, Hirakawa H, Suzuki T, Ishida T, Sasano H. The interaction between carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is associated with therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab in breast cancer. J Pathol 2018; 246:379-389. [PMID: 30058236 DOI: 10.1002/path.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a target of the HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab, which has been administered to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the therapeutic effects of HER2 inhibitor monotherapy are not always clinically effective as compared with cotreatment with chemotherapy. Therefore, it has become pivotal to predict the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab monotherapy prior to administration. Recently, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) has been reported to be a HER2-related factor. The aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic mechanism of trastuzumab, including the relevance of CEACAM6 expression. CEACAM6/HER2-double-positive human breast carcinoma cell lines BT-474, HCC-1419 and MDA-MB-361 were used in this study. CEACAM6 knockdown decreased the inhibitory effects of trastuzumab in the trastuzumab-sensitive BT-474 and HCC-1419 cells, but not in the trastuzumab-resistant MDA-MB-361 cells. We examined the interaction between CEACAM6 and HER2 by using a proximity ligation assay (PLA). The interaction was detected in BT-474 and HCC-1419 cells, but not in MDA-MB-361 cells, and was significantly associated with in vitro trastuzumab therapeutic sensitivity. We further analysed the status of CEACAM6 and HER2 and their interaction in archival pathology specimens, also using PLA. The interaction was detected only in CEACAM6/HER2-double-positive breast cancer cases, and their PLA score was significantly associated with the efficacy of trastuzumab treatment. Therefore, evaluation of the CEACAM6-HER2 interaction could serve as a marker to predict the efficacy of trastuzumab monotherapy in breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDes), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Mechanisms of enhanced drug delivery in brain metastases with focused ultrasound-induced blood-tumor barrier disruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8717-E8726. [PMID: 30150398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain/blood-tumor barriers (BBB and BTB) and interstitial transport may constitute major obstacles to the transport of therapeutics in brain tumors. In this study, we examined the impact of focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles on the transport of two relevant chemotherapy-based anticancer agents in breast cancer brain metastases at cellular resolution: doxorubicin, a nontargeted chemotherapeutic, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate. Using an orthotopic xenograft model of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis and quantitative microscopy, we demonstrate significant increases in the extravasation of both agents (sevenfold and twofold for doxorubicin and T-DM1, respectively), and we provide evidence of increased drug penetration (>100 vs. <20 µm and 42 ± 7 vs. 12 ± 4 µm for doxorubicin and T-DM1, respectively) after the application of FUS compared with control (non-FUS). Integration of experimental data with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of drug transport reveals that FUS in combination with microbubbles alleviates vascular barriers and enhances interstitial convective transport via an increase in hydraulic conductivity. Experimental data demonstrate that FUS in combination with microbubbles enhances significantly the endothelial cell uptake of the small chemotherapeutic agent. Quantification with PBPK modeling reveals an increase in transmembrane transport by more than two orders of magnitude. PBPK modeling indicates a selective increase in transvascular transport of doxorubicin through small vessel wall pores with a narrow range of sizes (diameter, 10-50 nm). Our work provides a quantitative framework for the optimization of FUS-drug combinations to maximize intratumoral drug delivery and facilitate the development of strategies to treat brain metastases.
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25
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Steenbruggen TG, van Ramshorst MS, Kok M, Linn SC, Smorenburg CH, Sonke GS. Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Established Concepts and Emerging Strategies. Drugs 2018; 77:1313-1336. [PMID: 28616845 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the systemic treatment approach for patients with early breast cancer has partly shifted from adjuvant treatment to neoadjuvant treatment. Systemic treatment administration started as a 'one size fits all' approach but is currently customized according to each breast cancer subtype. Systemic treatment in a neoadjuvant setting is at least as effective as in an adjuvant setting and has several additional advantages. First, it enables response monitoring and provides prognostic information; second, it downstages the tumor, allowing for less extensive surgery, improved cosmetic outcomes, and reduced postoperative complications such as lymphedema; and third, it enables early development of new treatment strategies by using pathological complete remission as a surrogate outcome of event-free and overall survival. In this review we give an overview of the current standard of neoadjuvant systemic treatment strategies for the three main subtypes of breast cancer: hormone receptor-positive, triple-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive. Additionally, we summarize drugs that are under investigation for use in the neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa G Steenbruggen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette S van Ramshorst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien H Smorenburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Johnson TA, Singla DK. Breast cancer drug trastuzumab induces cardiac toxicity: evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:647-654. [PMID: 29842793 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in the United States and worldwide. Cancer occurs through the uncontrolled development of new abnormal cell growth. Clinicians and researchers strive to improve diagnostics and treatments in pursuit of remedying breast cancer, while limiting or removing any potential side effects that may arise. Unfortunately, traditional treatments, such as anthracyclines (i.e., doxorubicin), can damage the cardiovascular system. Recent strategies have utilized antibody-based compounds as singular treatments, or in conjunction with other treatments, with the aim to minimize side effects. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein has been the target of numerous antibody-based breast cancer therapies, such as trastuzumab (TZM) and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). This review will discuss the HER2 receptor as a diagnostic marker in targeting breast cancer using the therapeutic agents TZM and T-DM1, as well as discuss the induced cardiac toxicity following TZM and T-DM1 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Johnson
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.,Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.,Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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27
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Shramova EI, Proshkina GM, Deyev SM. The Cause of ErbB2 Receptor Resistance to Downregulation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Kikkawa Y, Enomoto-Okawa Y, Fujiyama A, Fukuhara T, Harashima N, Sugawara Y, Negishi Y, Katagiri F, Hozumi K, Nomizu M, Ito Y. Internalization of CD239 highly expressed in breast cancer cells: a potential antigen for antibody-drug conjugates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6612. [PMID: 29700410 PMCID: PMC5919910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are attractive in cancer therapy because they can directly bind to cancer cells and provide anticancer activity. To kill cancer cells with ADCs, the target antigens are required not only to be highly and/or selectively expressed on cancer cells but also internalized by the cells. CD239, also known as the Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (Lu) or basal cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM), is a specific receptor for laminin α5, a major component of basement membranes. Here, we show that CD239 is strongly expressed in a subset of breast cancer cells and internalized into the cells. We also produced a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) specific to CD239 fused with human IgG1 Fc, called C7-Fc. The binding affinity of the C7-Fc antibody is similar to that of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Although the C7-Fc antibody alone does not influence cellular functions, when conjugated with a fragment of diphtheria toxin lacking the receptor-binding domain (fDT), it can selectively kill breast cancer cells. Interestingly, fDT-bound C7-Fc shows anticancer activity in CD239-highly positive SKBR3 cells, but not in weakly positive cells. Our results show that CD239 is a promising antigen for ADC-based breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yurie Enomoto-Okawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Aiko Fujiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nozomi Harashima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yumika Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hozumi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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29
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Evaluation of HER2-specific peptide ligand for its employment as radiolabeled imaging probe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2998. [PMID: 29445216 PMCID: PMC5812989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 transmembrane receptor is an important target in immunotherapy treatment of breast and gastroesophageal cancer. Molecular imaging of HER2 expression may provide essential prognostic and predictive information concerning disseminated cancer and aid in selection of an optimal therapy. Radiolabeled low molecular weight peptide ligands are particularly attractive as probes for molecular imaging, since they reach and bind to the target and clear from non-target organs and blood stream faster than bulky antibodies. In this study, we evaluated a potential HER2-imaging probe, an A9 nonapeptide, derived from the trastuzumab-Fab portion. Its cellular uptake was investigated by mass spectrometry analysis of the cytoplasmic cellular extracts. Moreover, based on in-silico modeling, DTPA chelator was conjugated to N-terminus of A9. 111In-labeled A9 demonstrated nanomolar affinity to HER2-expressing BT474 cells and favorable biodistribution profile in NMRI mice. This study suggests that the peptide A9 represents a good lead candidate for development of molecular probe, to be used for imaging purposes and for the delivery of cytotoxic agents.
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30
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Chalouni C, Doll S. Fate of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:20. [PMID: 29409507 PMCID: PMC5802061 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a class of cancer therapeutics that combines antigen specificity and potent cytotoxicity in a single molecule as they are comprised of an engineered antibody linked chemically to a cytotoxic drug. Four ADCs have received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and can be prescribed for metastatic conditions while around 60 ADCs are currently enrolled in clinical trials. The efficacy of an ADC greatly relies on its intracellular trafficking and processing of its components to trigger tumor cell death. A limited number of studies have addressed these critical processes that both challenge and help foster the design of ADCs. This review highlights those mechanisms and their relevance for future development of ADCs as cancer therapeutics.
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31
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Trail PA, Dubowchik GM, Lowinger TB. Antibody drug conjugates for treatment of breast cancer: Novel targets and diverse approaches in ADC design. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 181:126-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Ding S, Xiong J, Lei D, Zhu XL, Zhang HJ. Recombinant nanocomposites by the clinical drugs of Abraxane ® and Herceptin ® as sequentially dual-targeting therapeutics for breast cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:502-511. [PMID: 29483955 PMCID: PMC5820917 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer greatly threatens the health of women all over the word despite of several effective drugs. Targeted therapy for breast cancer is limited to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Herceptin®, monoclonal antibody against HER2, is now widely used in HER2(+) breast cancer. Abraxane®, the current gold standard for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery, has shown superiority in breast cancer based on nanoparticle albumin bound technology. Despite these advances, further novel targeted therapy with more improved anti-tumor efficacy for breast cancer is still urgently needed. Here, we report the recombinant nanocomposites (NPs) composed of the above two clinical drugs of Abraxane® and Herceptin® (Abra/anti-HER2), which at first migrates to the tumor region through the unique targeting mechanism of human serum albumin (HSA) of Abraxane®, and sequentially further precisely recognize the HER2(+) breast cancer cells due to Herceptin®. The Abra/anti-HER2 NPs were fabricated by a “one-step” synthesis using EDC/NHS. In vitro analysis of cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle revealed that Abra/anti-HER2 NPs showed more anti-tumor efficacy against HER2(+) SK-BR-3 cells than Abraxane® at equivalent PTX concentration. In addition, in HER2(+) breast cancer xenograft model, Abra/anti-HER2 NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth with less side effects. Moreover, the properties of more precise target and delayed release of PTX were proved by NIRF imaging. Thus, our results indicate that Abra/anti-HER2 NPs could represent a next-generation sequentially dual-targeting therapeutic agent for HER2(+) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ding
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medcine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lei
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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33
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Zhang X, Li X, You Q, Zhang X. Prodrug strategy for cancer cell-specific targeting: A recent overview. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:542-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Ait-Oudhia S, Zhang W, Mager DE. A Mechanism-Based PK/PD Model for Hematological Toxicities Induced by Antibody-Drug Conjugates. AAPS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Jiang X, Tao Y, Yao Y, Peng Y, Chen X, Fu Y, Yu L, Wang R, Lai Q, Lai W, Li W, Kang Y, Yi S, Lu Y, Gou L, Wu M, Yang J. Therapeutic potential of an anti-HER2 single chain antibody-DM1 conjugates for the treatment of HER2-positive cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17015. [PMID: 29263918 PMCID: PMC5661626 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) take the advantage of monoclonal antibodies to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells, which have become a powerful measure for cancer treatment in recent years. To develop a more effective therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer, we explored a novel ADCs composed of anti-HER2 scFv-HSA fusion antibodies conjugates with a potent cytotoxic drug DM1. The resulting ADCs, T-SA1-DM1 and T-SA2-DM1 (drug-to-antibody ratio in the range of 3.2-3.5) displayed efficient inhibition in the growth of HER2-positive tumor cell lines and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration on SKBR-3 and SKOV3 cells were both at the nanomolar levels in vitro. In HER2-positive human ovarian cancer xenograft models, T-SA1-DM1 and T-SA2-DM1 also showed remarkable antitumor activity. Importantly, three out of six mice exhibited complete remission without regrowth in the high-dose group of T-SA1-DM1. On the basis of the analysis of luminescence imaging, anti-HER2 scFv-HSA fusion antibodies, especially T-SA1, showed strong and rapid tumor tissue penetrability and distribution compared with trastuzumab. Collectively, the novel type of ADCs is effective and selective targeting to HER2-positive cancer, and may be a promising antitumor drug candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public, Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangzheng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
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36
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Mahara S, Firestein R. Targeting the seeds of small cell lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:113. [PMID: 28361078 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.01.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The concept of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), which includes the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to antigen-expressing tumor cells by harnessing the antigen-selectivity of a monoclonal antibody, has the potential to redefine the landscape of translational medicine. With the advent of patient derived xenograft (PDX) models and sophisticated genomic technologies, the identification of a selective antigen can be accurately validated within the appropriate tumor milieu. However, a major biological hurdle in cancer translational medicine is the inherent tumoral heterogeneity, underscoring the importance of targeting the 'right' sub-population of cancer cells. Herein, we review a seminal work highlighting the ability to target a key 'stem-like' cancer sub-population called tumor initiating cells (TICs) using engineered ADCs. While the promise of this approach needs to be validated in the clinical setting, TIC-targeted ADCs offer great hope for circumventing current limitations with conventional ADC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mahara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Pathology, Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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37
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Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a family of cancer therapeutics designed to preferentially direct a cytotoxic drug to cells expressing a cell-surface antigen recognized by an antibody. The antibody and drug are linked through chemistries that enable release of the cytotoxic drug or drug adduct upon internalization and digestion of the ADC by the cell. Over 40 distinct ADCs, targeting an array of antigens and utilizing a variety of drugs and linkers, are undergoing clinical evaluation. This review primarily covers ADCs that have advanced to clinical investigation with a particular emphasis on how the individual targets, linker chemistries, and appended drugs influence their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Polakis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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38
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Dong D, Xia G, Li Z, Li Z. Human Serum Albumin and HER2-Binding Affibody Fusion Proteins for Targeted Delivery of Fatty Acid-Modified Molecules and Therapy. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3370-3380. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanjun Xia
- Department
of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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39
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Chromatography-based methods for determining molar extinction coefficients of cytotoxic payload drugs and drug antibody ratios of antibody drug conjugates. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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40
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Maass KF, Kulkarni C, Betts AM, Wittrup KD. Determination of Cellular Processing Rates for a Trastuzumab-Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Highlights Key Parameters for ADC Design. AAPS J 2016; 18:635-46. [PMID: 26912181 PMCID: PMC5256610 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class of cancer therapeutics that combine the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxic effects of payload drugs. A quantitative understanding of how ADCs are processed intracellularly can illustrate which processing steps most influence payload delivery, thus aiding the design of more effective ADCs. In this work, we develop a kinetic model for ADC cellular processing as well as generalizable methods based on flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging to parameterize this model. A number of key processing steps are included in the model: ADC binding to its target antigen, internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis, proteolytic degradation of the ADC, efflux of the payload out of the cell, and payload binding to its intracellular target. The model was developed with a trastuzumab-maytansinoid ADC (TM-ADC) similar to trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1), which is used in the clinical treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. In three high-HER2-expressing cell lines (BT-474, NCI-N87, and SK-BR-3), we report for TM-ADC half-lives for internalization of 6-14 h, degradation of 18-25 h, and efflux rate of 44-73 h. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the internalization rate and efflux rate are key parameters for determining how much payload is delivered to a cell with TM-ADC. In addition, this model describing the cellular processing of ADCs can be incorporated into larger pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics models, as demonstrated in the associated companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie F Maass
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chethana Kulkarni
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alison M Betts
- Translational Research Group, Department of Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. 76-261D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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41
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Hapuarachchige S, Kato Y, Artemov D. Bioorthogonal two-component drug delivery in HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24298. [PMID: 27068794 PMCID: PMC4828666 DOI: 10.1038/srep24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 receptor is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and a poor prognosis. Trastuzumab is a first-line targeted drug used against HER2(+) breast cancers; however, at least 50% of HER2(+) tumors develop resistance to trastuzumab. To treat these patients, trastuzumab-based antibody-drug conjugates (ACDs) have been developed and are currently used in the clinic. Despite their high efficacy, the long circulation half-life and non-specific binding of cytotoxic ADCs can result in systemic toxicity. In addition, standard ADCs do not provide an image-guided mode of administration. Here, we have developed a two-component, two-step, pre-targeting drug delivery system integrated with image guidance to circumvent these issues. In this strategy, HER2 receptors are pre-labeled with a functionalized trastuzumab antibody followed by the delivery of drug-loaded nanocarriers. Both components are cross-linked by multiple bioorthogonal click reactions in situ on the surface of the target cell and internalized as nanoclusters. We have explored the efficacy of this delivery strategy in HER2(+) human breast cancer models. Our therapeutic study confirms the high therapeutic efficacy of the new delivery system, with no significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, JAPAN
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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42
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On-bead antibody-small molecule conjugation using high-capacity magnetic beads. J Immunol Methods 2015; 426:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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43
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Kan S, Koido S, Okamoto M, Hayashi K, Ito M, Kamata Y, Komita H, Nagasaki E, Homma S. Up-regulation of HER2 by gemcitabine enhances the antitumor effect of combined gemcitabine and trastuzumab emtansine treatment on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:726. [PMID: 26475267 PMCID: PMC4609140 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) widely express HER2, the expression level is generally low. If HER2 expression in PDA cells could be enhanced by treatment with a given agent, then combination therapy with that agent and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a chemotherapeutic agent that is a conjugate of trastuzumab, might lead to significant antitumor effects against PDA. Methods Cell proliferation was examined by spectrophotometry. HER2 expression was examined by flow cytometry, immunoblot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. T-DM1 binding to cells was examined by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Out of 5 tested human PDA cell lines, including MIA PaCa-2, three showed increases in HER2 expression after gemcitabine (GEM) treatment. The binding of T-DM1 to GEM-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells was higher than to untreated MIA PaCa-2 cells. Treatment with GEM and T-DM1 showed synergic cytotoxic effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Cells in the G2M phase of the cell cycle were retained after GEM treatment and showed higher levels of HER2 expression, possibly contributing to the synergic effect of GEM and T-DM1. Conclusions Combined treatment with GEM and T-DM1 might confer a potent therapeutic modality against PDA as a result of GEM-mediated HER2 up-regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1772-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kan
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Gastroenter ology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ito
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideo Komita
- Shimbashi Medical Checkup Office, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yao Y, Yu L, Su X, Wang Y, Li W, Wu Y, Cheng X, Zhang H, Wei X, Chen H, Zhang R, Gou L, Chen X, Xie Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wei Y. Synthesis, characterization and targeting chemotherapy for ovarian cancer of trastuzumab-SN-38 conjugates. J Control Release 2015; 220:5-17. [PMID: 26439663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), combining monoclonal antibody with high cytotoxicity chemotherapeutic drug (warhead), have been successfully applied for clinical cancer therapy. Linker technology to select and design linker connecting warhead with antibody, is critical to the success of therapeutic ADCs. In this study, three kinds of linkers were designed to connect SN-38, the bioactive metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan (CPT-11), which is 100-1000 times more potent than CPT-11, with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab to prepare three different ADC conjugates (T-SN38 A, B and C). Meanwhile, we compared the anti-ovarian cancer effect of these three T-SN38 conjugates with trastuzumab in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro results showed that T-SN38 A, B and C (drug-to-antibody ratio, DAR=3.7, 3.2, 3.4) were 2 to 3 times as cytotoxic as SN-38, and the IC50 for these three conjugates on SKOV-3 cell line at 72 h were 5.2 ± 0.3, 4.4 ± 0.7, and 5.1 ± 0.4 nM respectively. In our in vivo studies, T-SN38 conjugates had well targeting ability for tumor tissue and all three of them had much higher anti-ovarian cancer potency than trastuzumab. Among of them, T-SN38 B, which coupled SN-38 with trastuzumab by a carbonate bond, has the best anti-ovarian cancer potency. In conclusion, the novel HER2-targeting ADCs T-SN38 have great potential for HER2-positive ovarian cancer. Moreover, the SN-38-Linkers designed in this study can also be used to connect with other antibodies for the therapy of other cancers.
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Key Words
- 10-hydroxycamptothecin (PubChem CID: 97,226)
- 4-dimethylaminopyridine (PubChem CID:14,284)
- 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (PubChem CID:104,842)
- Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)
- Bi-function linker
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (PubChem CID:80,170)
- Ovarian cancer
- PEG4 (PubChem CID:21,896,924)
- SN-38
- Targeting chemotherapy
- Trastuzumab
- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (PubChem CID:10,868)
- dithiothreitol (PubChem CID:19,001)
- ethyldiisopropylamine (PubChem CID:81,531)
- mercaptoacetic acid (PubChem CID:1133)
- triphosgene (PubChem CID:94,429)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yangpin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiangzheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xian Wei
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rundong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hostpital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Medicine/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Abstract
Heightened matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity has been noted in the context of the tumor microenvironment for many years, and causal roles for MMPs have been defined across the spectrum of cancer progression. This is primarily due to the ability of the MMPs to process extracellular matrix (ECM) components and to regulate the bioavailability/activity of a large repertoire of cytokines and growth factors. These characteristics made MMPs an attractive target for therapeutic intervention but notably clinical trials performed in the 1990s did not fulfill the promise of preclinical studies. The reason for the failure of early MMP inhibitor (MMPI) clinical trials that are multifold but arguably principal among them was the inability of early MMP-based inhibitors to selectively target individual MMPs and to distinguish between MMPs and other members of the metzincin family. In the decades that have followed the MMP inhibitor trials, innovations in chemical design, antibody-based strategies, and nanotechnologies have greatly enhanced our ability to specifically target and measure the activity of MMPs. These advances provide us with the opportunity to generate new lines of highly selective MMPIs that will not only extend the overall survival of cancer patients, but will also afford us the ability to utilize heightened MMP activity in the tumor microenvironment as a means by which to deliver MMPIs or MMP activatable prodrugs.
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Merten H, Brandl F, Plückthun A, Zangemeister-Wittke U. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Tumor Targeting-Novel Conjugation Chemistries and the Promise of non-IgG Binding Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2176-85. [PMID: 26086208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising class of anticancer agents, combining the specificity of antibodies for tumor targeting and the destructive potential of highly potent drugs as payload. An essential component of these immunoconjugates is a bifunctional linker capable of reacting with the antibody and the payload to assemble a functional entity. Linker design is fundamental, as it must provide high stability in the circulation to prevent premature drug release, but be capable of releasing the active drug inside the target cell upon receptor-mediated endocytosis. Although ADCs have demonstrated an increased therapeutic window, compared to conventional chemotherapy in recent clinical trials, therapeutic success rates are still far from optimal. To explore other regimes of half-life variation and drug conjugation stoichiometries, it is necessary to investigate additional binding proteins which offer access to a wide range of formats, all with molecularly defined drug conjugation. Here, we delineate recent progress with site-specific and biorthogonal conjugation chemistries, and discuss alternative, biophysically more stable protein scaffolds like Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins), which may provide such additional engineering opportunities for drug conjugates with improved pharmacological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Merten
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern , Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Zangemeister-Wittke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern , Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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47
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Dhillon S. Trastuzumab emtansine: a review of its use in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab-based therapy. Drugs 2015; 74:675-86. [PMID: 24659374 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla™) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of the humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 antibody trastuzumab covalently linked to the highly potent microtubule inhibitory drug DM1 (a cytotoxic derivative of maytansine) via a stable thioether linker. Intravenous trastuzumab emtansine was recently approved for use in patients with HER2-positive, unresectable, locally advanced (in the EU) or metastatic (in the USA and EU) breast cancer who had previously received trastuzumab and a taxane (separately or in combination), making it the first antibody-drug conjugate approved in this indication. This article reviews the efficacy and tolerability of trastuzumab emtansine in these patients and summarizes its pharmacology. In the well-designed EMILIA study, trastuzumab emtansine significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival, relative to treatment with lapatinib plus capecitabine, in patients with HER2-positive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who were previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane. Trastuzumab emtansine was generally well tolerated in this study, with <6% of patients discontinuing treatment because of adverse events. Based on its efficacy and favourable tolerability, the US National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend trastuzumab emtansine as the preferred option in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who have received previous trastuzumab-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohita Dhillon
- Adis, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, North Shore, 0754, Auckland, New Zealand,
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48
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KAN SHIN, KOIDO SHIGEO, OKAMOTO MASATO, HAYASHI KAZUMI, ITO MASAKI, KAMATA YUKO, KOMITA HIDEO, ISHIDAO TAKEFUMI, NAGASAKI EIJIRO, HOMMA SADAMU. Gemcitabine treatment enhances HER2 expression in low HER2-expressing breast cancer cells and enhances the antitumor effects of trastuzumab emtansine. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:504-10. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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49
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Huang R, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhu J, Sun B. Trastuzumab-cisplatin conjugates for targeted delivery of cisplatin to HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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50
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Fishkin N. Maytansinoid-BODIPY Conjugates: Application to Microscale Determination of Drug Extinction Coefficients and for Quantification of Maytansinoid Analytes. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1745-51. [PMID: 25738231 DOI: 10.1021/mp500843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining drug to antibody ratios (DAR) for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in early research and development can be hampered by difficulties in accurate weighing of the effector payload and subsequent determination of its extinction coefficient. Two maytansinoids, DM1 and DM4, potent antimitotic agents used in clinical ADCs, were derivatized with the compact fluorophore BODIPY FL using two different linker designs. We identified DM1-mal-BODIPY as a conjugate with little through-space interaction between the maytansinoid and BODIPY chromophores. The 1:1 stoichiometry between the maytansinoid and BODIPY makes the molar concentration of both components equal and the extinction coefficient of the maytansinoid in proportion with the known BODIPY chromophore according to Beer's Law. By only derivatizing 50 μg of unpurified DM1 and analyzing about 25 μg of DM1-mal-BODIPY by UV-vis, we determined εDM1 252 nm and εDM1 280 nm as 26 355 ± 360 and 5230 ± 160 cm(-1) M(-1), respectively. These values are nearly identical to those accepted for DM1 based on weighing >100 mg of pure sample. Surprisingly, some of the maytansinoid-BODIPY conjugates that were synthesized were partially or completely fluorescence-quenched. The green fluorescence of quenched DM4-acetamide-BODIPY could be fully restored in the presence of an antibody designed to tightly bind maytansine. We exploited this observation to develop a simple "mix and read" fluorogenic immunoassay for detection of nanogram quantities of maytansinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Fishkin
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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