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Lee H, Park SH, Shin EC. IL-15 in T-Cell Responses and Immunopathogenesis. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e11. [PMID: 38455459 PMCID: PMC10917573 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-15 belongs to the common gamma chain cytokine family and has pleiotropic immunological functions. IL-15 is a homeostatic cytokine essential for the development and maintenance of NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells. In addition, IL-15 plays a critical role in the activation, effector functions, tissue residency, and senescence of CD8+ T cells. IL-15 also activates virtual memory T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells. Recently, IL-15 has been highlighted as a major trigger of TCR-independent activation of T cells. This mechanism is involved in T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis in diverse diseases, including viral infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. Deeper understanding of IL-15-mediated T-cell responses and their underlying mechanisms could optimize therapeutic strategies to ameliorate host injury by T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis. This review highlights recent advancements in comprehending the role of IL-15 in relation to T cell responses and immunopathogenesis under various host conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Lee
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Shin MS, Park HJ, Young J, Kang I. Implication of IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression by CD8 + T cells and its signature in defining biomarkers in aging. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:66. [PMID: 36544153 PMCID: PMC9768896 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in host defense against infections and malignancies as well as contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders. Alterations in the frequency of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells are one of the most significant changes in the immune system with age. As the world population rapidly ages, a better understanding of aging immune function or immunosenescence could become a basis for discovering treatments of illnesses that commonly occur in older adults. In particular, biomarkers for immune aging could be utilized to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated conditions and help monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting such conditions. This review details the possible role of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing different levels of the cytokine receptor IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα) and the gene signature associated with IL-7Rα as potential biomarkers for immune aging given the association of CD8+ T cells in host defense, inflammation, and immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Young
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Kim S, Nowakowska A, Kim YB, Shin HY. Integrated CRISPR-Cas9 System-Mediated Knockout of IFN-γ and IFN-γ Receptor 1 in the Vero Cell Line Promotes Viral Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158217. [PMID: 35897807 PMCID: PMC9368479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic and the possible emergence of new viruses urgently require the rapid development of antiviral vaccines and therapeutics. However, some viruses or newly generated variants are difficult to culture in common cell types or exhibit low viral susceptibility in vivo, making it difficult to manufacture viral vector-based vaccines and understand host-virus interactions. To address these issues, we established new cell lines deficient in both type I and type II interferon responses, which are essential for host immunity and interference with virus replication. These cell lines were generated by developing an integrated CRISPR-Cas9 system that simultaneously expresses dual-guide RNA cassettes and Cas9 nuclease in a single plasmid. Using this highly efficient gene-editing system, we successfully established three cell lines starting from IFN-α/β-deficient Vero cells, deleting the single interferon-gamma (IFNG) gene, the IFNG receptor 1 (IFNGR1) gene, or both genes. All cell lines clearly showed a decrease in IFN-γ-responsive antiviral gene expression and cytokine production. Moreover, production of IFN-γ-induced cytokines remained low, even after HSV-1 or HCoV-OC43 infection, while expression of the receptor responsible for viral entry increased. Ultimately, knockout of IFN-signaling genes in these cell lines promoted cytopathic effects and increased apoptosis after viral infection up to three-fold. These results indicate that our integrated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated IFNG- and IFNGR1-knockout cell lines promote virus replication and will be useful in viral studies used to design novel vaccines and therapies.
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Kim TS, Rha MS, Shin EC. IFN-γ Induces IL-15 Trans-Presentation by Epithelial Cells via IRF1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:338-346. [PMID: 34893528 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 exhibits pleiotropic effects on NK and CD8+ T cells and contributes to host protection or immunopathology during infection. Although both type I IFNs and IFN-γ upregulate IL-15 expression, their effects on IL-15 upregulation and underlying mechanisms have not been compared comprehensively. In addition, little is known about trans-presentation of IL-15 by epithelial cells to lymphocytes. In this study, we analyzed the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 cell line after stimulation with IFN-α, IFN-β, or IFN-γ using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We also performed knockdown experiments to investigate the signaling pathway involved in IL-15 upregulation. IFN-γ more potently upregulated IL-15 expression in Huh-7 cells than IFN-α and IFN-β. Knockdown experiments revealed that IFN-γ- and IFN-β-induced IL-15 expression relied on IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which is upregulated by STAT1 and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3, respectively. Inhibitor of κB kinase α/β was also involved in IFN-γ-induced upregulation of IL-15. Furthermore, human NK cells were activated by coculture with IFN-γ-treated Huh-7 cells, which was abrogated by knocking down IL-15Rα in IFN-γ-treated Huh-7 cells, indicating that IFN-γ-induced IL-15 on Huh-7 cells activates NK cells via trans-presentation. In summary, our data demonstrate that IFN-γ potently elicits IL-15 trans-presentation by epithelial cells via IRF1. These data also suggest that the IFN-γ-IRF1-IL-15 axis may be a regulatory target for the treatment of diseases with IL-15 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Shin Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; .,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Protein PGLYRP1/Tag7 Peptides Decrease the Proinflammatory Response in Human Blood Cells and Mouse Model of Diffuse Alveolar Damage of Lung through Blockage of the TREM-1 and TNFR1 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011213. [PMID: 34681871 PMCID: PMC8538247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many cases is accompanied by the release of a large amount of proinflammatory cytokines in an event known as "cytokine storm", which is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and high mortality. The excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines is linked, inter alia, to the enhanced activity of receptors capable of recognizing the conservative regions of pathogens and cell debris, namely TLRs, TREM-1 and TNFR1. Here we report that peptides derived from innate immunity protein Tag7 inhibit activation of TREM-1 and TNFR1 receptors during acute inflammation. Peptides from the N-terminal fragment of Tag7 bind only to TREM-1, while peptides from the C-terminal fragment interact solely with TNFR1. Selected peptides are capable of inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and in vivo in the mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Treatment with peptides significantly decreases the infiltration of mononuclear cells to lungs in animals with DAD. Our findings suggest that Tag7-derived peptides might be beneficial in terms of the therapy or prevention of acute lung injury, e.g., for treating COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary lesions.
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Gessain G, Blériot C, Ginhoux F. Non-genetic Heterogeneity of Macrophages in Diseases-A Medical Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:613116. [PMID: 33381508 PMCID: PMC7767975 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are sessile immune cells with a high functional plasticity. Initially considered as a uniform population of phagocytic scavengers, it is now widely accepted that these cells also assume developmental and metabolic functions specific of their tissue of residence. Hence, the paradigm is shifting while our comprehension of macrophage heterogeneity improves. Accordingly, exploiting this intrinsic versatility appears more and more promising for the establishment of innovative therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, identifying relevant therapeutic targets remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we discuss various features of macrophage heterogeneity in five main categories of human diseases: infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, age-related, and neoplastic disorders. We summarize the current understanding of how macrophage heterogeneity may impact the pathogenesis of these diseases and propose a comprehensive overview with the aim to help in establishing future macrophage-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Silva LLDL, Gomes RS, Silva MVT, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. IL-15 enhances the capacity of primary human macrophages to control Leishmania braziliensis infection by IL-32/vitamin D dependent and independent pathways. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102097. [PMID: 32114085 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How human macrophages can control the intracellular infection with Leishmania is not completely understood. IL-15 and IL-32 are cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages that can induce antimicrobial mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the effects of recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) on primary human macrophage infection and response to L. braziliensis. Priming with rhIL-15 reduced the phagocytosis of L. braziliensis and increased the killing of the parasites in monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy donors. rhIL-15 induced TNFα and IL-32 in uninfected cells. After infection, the high levels of rhIL-15-induced TNFα and IL-32 were maintained. In addition, there was an increase of NO and an inhibition of the parasite-induced IL-10 production. Inhibition of NO reversed the leishmanicidal effects of rhIL-15. Although rhIL-15 did not increase L. braziliensis-induced reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS) production, inhibition of ROS reversed the control of infection induced by rhIL-15. Treatment of the cells with rhIL-32γ increased microbicidal capacity of macrophages in the presence of high levels of vitamin D (25D3), but not in low concentrations of this vitamin. rhIL-15 together with rhIL-32 lead to the highest control of the L. braziliensis infection in high concentrations of vitamin D. In this condition, NO and ROS mediated rhIL-32γ effects on microbicidal activity. The data showed that priming of human macrophages with rhIL-15 or rhIL-32γ results in the control of L. braziliensis infection through induction of NO and ROS. In addition, rhIL-32γ appears to synergize with rhIL-15 for the control of L. braziliensis infection in a vitamin D-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Luiz de Lima Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública/Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública/Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Muriel Vilela Teodoro Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública/Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública/Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Abstract
Three decades of research in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and HIV/AIDS fields have shaped a picture of immune restoration disorders. This manuscript overviews the molecular biology of interferon networks, the molecular pathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation immune restoration disorders (IRD). It also summarizes the effects of thymic involution on T cell diversity, and the results of the assessment of diagnostic biomarkers of IRD, and tested targeted immunomodulatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mohei
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Usha Kellampalli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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10
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Zhu W, Xu J, Jiang C, Wang B, Geng M, Wu X, Hussain N, Gao N, Han Y, Li D, Lan X, Ning Q, Zhang F, Holmdahl R, Meng L, Lu S. Pristane induces autophagy in macrophages, promoting a STAT1-IRF1-TLR3 pathway and arthritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:56-68. [PMID: 27940139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in both innate and adaptive immune regulation. We propose that autophagy regulates activation of TLR3 in macrophages and is thereby essential for development of pristane-induced arthritis. We found that pristane treatment induced autophagy in macrophages in vitro and in vivo, in spleen cells from pristane injected rats. The induced autophagy was associated with STAT1 phosphorylation and expression of IRF1 and TLR3. Blocking the pristane activated autophagy by Wortmannin and Bafilomycin A1 or by RNAi of Becn1 led to a downregulation of the associated STAT1-IRF1-TLR3 pathway. Most importantly, the development of arthritis was alleviated by suppressing either autophagy or TLR3. We conclude that pristane enhanced autophagy, leading to a STAT1-IRF1 controlled upregulation of TLR3 expression in macrophages, is a pathogenic mechanism in the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Manman Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Liesu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Oishi Y, Manabe I. Macrophages in age-related chronic inflammatory diseases. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16018. [PMID: 28721272 PMCID: PMC5515003 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the common pathological basis for such age-associated diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. A multitude of bodily changes occur with aging that contribute to the initiation and development of inflammation. In particular, the immune system of elderly individuals often exhibits diminished efficiency and fidelity, termed immunosenescence. But, although immune responses to new pathogens and vaccines are impaired, immunosenescence is also characterized by a basal systemic inflammatory state. This alteration in immune system function likely promotes chronic inflammation. Changes in the tissue microenvironment, such as the accumulation of cell debris, and systemic changes in metabolic and hormonal signals, also likely contribute to the development of chronic inflammation. Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are crucial to these age-associated changes, which culminate in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will summarize the diverse physiological and pathological roles of macrophages in the chronic inflammation underlying age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Aging Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Expansion of CD8(+) T cells lacking the IL-6 receptor α chain in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD). Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:44-51. [PMID: 27062409 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is closely associated with chronic inflammatory processes. CD8(+) T cells are a key participant in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the major cause of CAD; however, it remains unclear which CD8(+) T-cell subset is responsible. We investigated the immunological features of CD8(+) T cells expressing low and high levels of the IL-6 receptor α chain (IL-6Rα), a cytokine known to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The expression of IL-6Rα on CD8(+) T cells and its association with plasma levels of soluble components of the IL-6/IL-6Rs as well as with clinical parameters were analyzed using FACS analysis and ELISA of CAD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Immunological characteristics of CD8(+) T cells expressing low and high levels of IL-6Rα (CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low or high)) were examined by in vitro culture and intracellular FACS analysis. RESULTS CAD patients had higher frequencies of circulating CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) effector memory (EM) T cells compared with HCs (median frequency; 74.59% vs. 60.09%, p = 0.0158). Expanded CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) T cells positively correlated with the frequency of senescent, cytotoxic CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells (r = 0.6655, p < 0.0001) and plasma IL-6 level (r = 0.3995, p = 0.0432) in CAD patients. Loss of IL-6Rα expression on CD8(+) T cells was induced by the combination of IL-6 and IL-15 with accompanying TCR-independent proliferation (p = 0.0101). Moreover, these CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) T cells had features of type 1 cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the possible involvement of expanded CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) EM T cells in CAD through their pro-inflammatory and highly cytotoxic capacities.
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Bolomsky A, Schreder M, Hübl W, Zojer N, Hilbe W, Ludwig H. Monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG/CXCL9) is an independent prognostic factor in newly diagnosed myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2516-25. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Pabona JMP, Zhang D, Ginsburg DS, Simmen FA, Simmen RCM. Prolonged pregnancy in women is associated with attenuated myometrial expression of progesterone receptor co-regulator Krüppel-like Factor 9. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:166-74. [PMID: 25313913 PMCID: PMC4283014 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Late-term pregnancy may lead to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Mice null for the progesterone receptor co-regulator Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) exhibit delayed parturition and increased incidence of neonatal deaths. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of myometrial KLF9 to human parturition. DESIGN Myometrial biopsies were obtained from women with term (>37 to ≤41 wk) and late-term (>41 wk) pregnancies during cesarean delivery and assessed for gene and protein expression. Human myometrial cells transfected with nontargeting or KLF9 small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were treated with the progesterone antagonist RU486 and analyzed for pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine gene expression. SETTING The study took place in a University-affiliated tertiary care hospital and University research laboratory. PATIENTS Term patients (n = 8) were in spontaneous active labor whereas late-term patients (n = 5) were either in or were induced to active labor, prior to elective cesarean delivery. OUTCOME MEASURES Steroid hormone receptor, contractility, and inflammation-associated gene expression in myometrial biopsies and in siKLF9-transfected, RU486-treated human myometrial cells was associated with KLF9 expression levels. RESULTS Myometrium from women with late-term pregnancy showed lower KLF9, total PGR, and PGR-A/PGR-B isoform expression. Transcript levels of select chemokines/cytokines were up- (CSF3, IL1, IL12A, TGFB2) and down- (CCL3, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL5, IL15) regulated in late-term relative to term myometrium. Knock-down of KLF9 expression in RU486-treated human myometrial cells modified the expression of PGR and labor-associated cytokines, relative to control siRNA-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Myometrial KLF9 may contribute to the onset of human parturition through its regulation of PGR expression and inflammatory signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark P Pabona
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (J.M.P.P., F.A.S., R.C.M.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.Z., D.S.G.), Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, Pennsylvania 19013
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