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Otsu Y, Yamakawa Y, Eto T, Yamashita S, Kuramoto T, Sakata K, Tanoue S, Hirohata M, Morioka M. Rare Segmental Agenesis of Internal Carotid Artery without Rete-Like Collaterals: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2024; 18:245-249. [PMID: 39309172 PMCID: PMC11412773 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis has been classified into six types: A-F. Type F demonstrates distal reconstitution of the ICA via anastomosis with distal branches of the external carotid artery. Herein, we report the ICA agenesis of type F without rete-like collaterals, which has not been previously reported. Case Presentation An 80-year-old woman presented with segmental agenesis of the right ICA accompanied by an unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Stent-assisted coil embolization was successfully performed. Digital subtraction angiography showed segmental agenesis of the right ICA from the cervical to the ascending foramen lacerum segment, which was preoperatively supplied with collateral blood flow by a dilated right accessory meningeal artery (AMA) anastomosed with the inferolateral trunk (ILT)-posteromedial branch. Based on the segmental concept, the case was diagnosed with segment 7 (horizontal intracavernous portion until ICA branches off the ILT) agenesis, which may have resulted in secondary regression of the ICA proximal to segment 7. According to the ICA agenesis classification, this was of type F because the case showed collateral flow to the distal ICA via transcranial anastomoses from the AMA without carotid rete-like collaterals. Conclusion These findings suggest that the carotid rete-like collaterals did not form because the AMA was first developed during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoh Yamakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Eto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Kuramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tanoue
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Hirohata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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Salaud C, Moreau V, Decante C, Ploteau S, Hamel A, Guintard C, Betti E. Composition of encephalic arteries and origin of the basilar artery are different between vertebrates. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:285-297. [PMID: 38478075 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial arterial anatomy is lacking for most mammalian and non-mammalian model species, especially concerning the origin of the basilar artery (BA). Enhancing the knowledge of this anatomy can improve animal models and help understanding anatomical variations in humans. We have studied encephalic arteries in three different species of birds and eight different species of mammals using formalin-fixed brains injected with arterial red latex. Our results and literature analysis indicate that, for all vertebrates, the internal carotid artery (ICA) supplies the brain and divides into two branches: a cranial and a caudal branch. The difference between vertebrates lies in the caudal branch of the ICA. For non-mammalian, the caudal branch is the origin of the BA, and the vertebral artery (VA) is not involved in brain supply. For mammals, the VA supplies encephalic arteries in two different ways. In the first type of organization, mostly found in ungulates, the carotid rete mirabile supplies the encephalic arteries, the caudal branch is the origin of the BA, and the VA is indirectly involved in carotid rete mirabile blood supply. The second type of encephalic artery organization for mammals is the same as in humans. The caudal branch of the ICA serves as the posterior communicating artery, and the BA originates from both VAs. We believe that knowledge of comparative anatomy of encephalic arteries contributes to a better understanding of animal models applicable to surgical or radiological techniques. It improves the understanding of rare encephalic variations that may be present in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Salaud
- Department of Anatomy, Medicine University, Nantes, France.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nantes University Hospital, Saint Herblain, France.
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Victor Moreau
- Department of Anatomy, Medicine University, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Hamel
- Department of Anatomy, Medicine University, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Guintard
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Oniris - Veterinary Medicine School, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Betti
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Oniris - Veterinary Medicine School, Nantes, France
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Ota T. Revised concept of rete-like collateral formation: Rete mirabile does not exist in humans. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199231221294. [PMID: 38105433 DOI: 10.1177/15910199231221294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotid rete is a physiological network between the external and internal carotid arteries (ICA) in lower vertebrates. However, true carotid rete does not exist in humans. This review aimed to contrast the physiological function of human "rete-like collaterals" with that of lower vertebrate "rete mirabile". An explanation for the development of rete-like collaterals in human intracranial arteries was also discussed. The rete mirabile (carotid, vertebral, spinal, and thoracic) in lower vertebrates has a specific physiological role and does not form vasculature for the same purpose in humans. Therefore, the term "rete mirabile" should not be used for cases reported in humans. Instead, "rete-like collaterals" is preferred. In the literature, rete-like or arterial anastomosis was observed in the ICA cavernous portion and the intradural arteries. Based on the hypothesis of the segmental concept, it applies to the ICA and intracranial arteries. Whether in the ICA, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, or posterior inferior cerebellar artery, the segmental concept is the same and should be considered to have formed secondary collaterals after segmental regress or dysgenesis of affected arteries. Summarily, the significance of this review lies in its reevaluation of vascular structures previously described as "carotid rete" in humans to a true and preferred term, "rete-like collaterals". It also provides insights into the historical context and potential genetic factors associated with the formation of arteries in humans, contributing to a better understanding of human vascular anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Bonasia S, Smajda S, Ciccio G, Bojanowski MW, Robert T. Proposed new classification for internal carotid artery segmental agenesis based on embryologic and angiographic correlation. Surg Radiol Anat 2023; 45:375-387. [PMID: 36786934 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is a rare anatomical variant that can involve different segments of the ICA. Although many authors proposed their own classifications of this variant basing on different criteria, none of these allows to include all the cases described in the literature. The aim of the authors is to propose a new classification that allows to include all cases of ICA agenesis described until now. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is based on the review of all the cases of ICA agenesis described in the literature and of the classifications already proposed. After the analysis of these cases, we looked for the limits of each classification to elaborate a new more complete one. RESULTS We found 228 cases of ICA agenesis. Among them 40 were not includible in the existing classifications. For this reason, we proposed a new classification based on the type of flow compensation and on the embryological events that determine the different variants. The flow is compensated in Type I by the Circle of Willis; in Type II by the non-regression of an embryonic artery; in Type III by the presence of an arterio-arterial anastomosis and in Type IV by external-internal carotid arteries anastomoses. CONCLUSION After the literature review, we proposed a new comprehensive classification based on the detailed analysis of arterial embryology. Even if all the embryological details that determine this complex variant are not completely understood yet, this classification allows to include all the cases described in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislas Smajda
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Ciccio
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michel W Bojanowski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Robert
- University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Chen YR, Li WQ, Liu JH. Differentiation Between Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia and Acquired Narrowing by Neurovascular Ultrasound: Case Series and Literature Review. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:765-776. [PMID: 35984092 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Uniformly narrowed internal carotid artery (ICA) without proximal steno-occlusion or parietal anomalies is often subject to misdiagnosis due to lack of awareness. We combined our experiences of 4 cases with 29 previously published cases to form a retrospective series including 18 cases of ICA hypoplasia and 15 cases of ICA acquired narrowing. The ultrasonic manifestations of ICA acquired narrowing and ICA hypoplasia are extremely similar, but narrowed ICA without intracranial occlusion or bottle-neck-sign highly indicates ICA hypoplasia, whereas moyamoya vessels favor ICA acquired narrowing, thus promoting the understanding of and discriminability between the two on neurovascular ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Chen
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
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Ando M, Maki Y, Ishibashi R. Developed Collateral Networks between the Internal Carotid Artery and External Carotid Artery: Carotid Rete Mirabile. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2023; 17:93-95. [PMID: 37502351 PMCID: PMC10370507 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.ai.2022-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushige Ando
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Maki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hikari Hospital, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hikone Chuo Hospital, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishibashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Türk Y, Küskün A. Hypoplastic internal carotid artery ending as an ophthalmic artery with multiple cerebral aneurysms, fenestrated Acom and triple A2. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e243520. [PMID: 34253524 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare case of a hypoplastic internal carotid artery (ICA) terminating in the ophthalmic artery with multiple intracranial saccular aneurysms in the contralateral ICA, anterior communicating artery fenestration and triple A2 was identified. The aetiology and pathogenesis of ICA hypoplasia are subjected to certain hypotheses. Developing several collaterals to preserve the blood supply of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere could result in aneurysm formation due to flow overload on the contralateral vasculature, but it could also result in hemicranial hypoplasia, cerebral atrophy and deep watershed infarcts, as in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Türk
- Radiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Medical Faculty, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey .,Radiology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Medical Faculty, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Atakan Küskün
- Radiology, Kirklareli State Hospital, Kirklareli, Turkey
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