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Lacroix A, Harquel S, Mermillod M, Vercueil L, Alleysson D, Dutheil F, Kovarski K, Gomot M. The Predictive Role of Low Spatial Frequencies in Automatic Face Processing: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Investigation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838454. [PMID: 35360280 PMCID: PMC8963370 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual processing is thought to function in a coarse-to-fine manner. Low spatial frequencies (LSF), conveying coarse information, would be processed early to generate predictions. These LSF-based predictions would facilitate the further integration of high spatial frequencies (HSF), conveying fine details. The predictive role of LSF might be crucial in automatic face processing, where high performance could be explained by an accurate selection of clues in early processing. In the present study, we used a visual Mismatch Negativity (vMMN) paradigm by presenting an unfiltered face as standard stimulus, and the same face filtered in LSF or HSF as deviant, to investigate the predictive role of LSF vs. HSF during automatic face processing. If LSF are critical for predictions, we hypothesize that LSF deviants would elicit less prediction error (i.e., reduced mismatch responses) than HSF deviants. Results show that both LSF and HSF deviants elicited a mismatch response compared with their equivalent in an equiprobable sequence. However, in line with our hypothesis, LSF deviants evoke significantly reduced mismatch responses compared to HSF deviants, particularly at later stages. The difference in mismatch between HSF and LSF conditions involves posterior areas and right fusiform gyrus. Overall, our findings suggest a predictive role of LSF during automatic face processing and a critical involvement of HSF in the fusiform during the conscious detection of changes in faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Lacroix
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, InsermU1216, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - David Alleysson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Klara Kovarski
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, I3N, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Rokszin AA, Győri-Dani D, Bácsi J, Nyúl LG, Csifcsák G. Tracking changes in spatial frequency sensitivity during natural image processing in school age: an event-related potential study. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 166:664-678. [PMID: 29128609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of processing visual images containing low or high spatial frequency (LSF or HSF) information undergo development after early childhood. However, the maturation of spatial frequency sensitivity during school age has been investigated using abstract stimuli only. The aim of the current study was to assess how LSF and HSF features affect the processing of everyday photographs at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels in children aged 7-15 years and adults. We presented grayscale images containing either animals or vehicles and their luminance-matched modified versions filtered at low or high spatial frequencies. Modulations of classification accuracy, reaction time, and visual event-related potentials (posterior P1 and N1 components) were compared across five developmental groups and three image types. We found disproportionately worse response accuracies for LSF stimuli relative to HSF images in children aged 7 or 8 years, an effect that was accompanied by smaller LSF-evoked P1 amplitudes during this age period. At 7 or 8 years of age, P1 and N1 amplitudes were modulated by HSF and LSF stimuli (P1: HSF > LSF; N1: LSF > HSF), with a gradual shift toward the opposite pattern (P1: LSF > HSF; N1: HSF > LSF) with increasing age. Our results indicate that early cortical processing of both spatial frequency ranges undergo substantial development during school age, with a relative delay of LSF analysis, and underline the utility of our paradigm in tracking the maturation of LSF versus HSF sensitivity in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Aranka Rokszin
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Petőfi Sándor sgt. 30-34, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Győri-Dani
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of Kindergarten and Lower-Primary Education, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hattyas sor 10, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Bácsi
- Juhász Gyula Elementary School of University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Nyúl
- Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Árpád tér 2, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csifcsák
- Department of Cognitive and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Egyetem u. 2, 6722 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Huginbakken 32, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Developmental changes in ERP responses to spatial frequencies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122507. [PMID: 25799038 PMCID: PMC4370476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction starts with perception of other persons. One of the first steps in perception is processing of basic information such as spatial frequencies (SF), which represent details and global information. However, although behavioural perception of SF is well investigated, the developmental trajectory of the temporal characteristics of SF processing is not yet well understood. The speed of processing of this basic visual information is crucial, as it determines the speed and possibly accuracy of subsequent visual and social processes. The current study investigated developmental changes in the temporal characteristics of selective processing of high SF (HSF; details) versus low SF (LSF; global). To this end, brain activity was measured using EEG in 108 children aged 3–15 years, while HSF or LSF grating stimuli were presented. Interest was in the temporal characteristics of brain activity related to LSF and HSF processing, specifically at early (N80) or later (P1 or N2) peaks in brain activity. Analyses revealed that from 7–8 years onwards HSF but not LSF stimuli evoked an N80 peak. In younger children, aged 3–8 years, the visual manipulation mainly affected the visual N2 peak. Selective processing of HSF versus LSF thus occurs at a rather late time-point (N2 peak) in young children. Although behavioural research previously showed that 3–6 year-olds can perceive detailed information, the current results point out that selective processing of HSF versus LSF is still delayed in these children. The delayed processing in younger children could impede the use of LSF and HSF for emotional face processing. Thus, the current study is a starting point for understanding changes in basic visual processing which underlie social development.
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Wiens S, Sand A, Olofsson JK. Nonemotional features suppress early and enhance late emotional electrocortical responses to negative pictures. Biol Psychol 2011; 86:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kalaycıoğlu C, Nalçacı E, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Başar-Eroğlu C. Corpus callosum has different channels for transmission of spatial frequency information. Brain Res 2009; 1296:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Looking both ways through time: The Janus model of lateralized cognition. Brain Cogn 2008; 67:292-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Melis C, Baas JM, Kenemans JL, Mangun GR. A decomposition of electrocortical activity as a function of spatial frequency: A weighted multidimensional scaling analysis. Brain Res 2008; 1214:116-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dissociation of early evoked cortical activity in perceptual grouping. Exp Brain Res 2007; 186:107-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boeschoten MA, Kenemans JL, van Engeland H, Kemner C. Abnormal spatial frequency processing in high-functioning children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:2076-88. [PMID: 17591458 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic abnormalities in visual information processing could be associated with the local visual bias often found in subjects with PDD. Therefore, the present study investigated the existence of deficits in spatial frequency processing at an early sensory level in children with PDD. METHODS Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and VEP dipole sources elicited by high and low spatial frequency gratings were analyzed in high-functioning children with PDD and matched controls. RESULTS Around 80 ms (N80-latency) children with PDD did not show the same robust differences between high and low spatial frequencies in VEP amplitude and VEP brain sources as controls, because of atypical processing of high frequencies. Analyses at the P1-latency (130 ms) revealed that, although similar inferior-medial brain sources were activated for the processing of both spatial frequencies in the PDD and control group, source strength in response to both frequencies was weaker in the PDD compared to control group. Moreover, additional superior-lateral brain sources were activated during the processing of both frequencies in the PDD group. CONCLUSIONS Decreased specialized processing of high and low spatial frequencies might be a robust characteristic of PDD. Early in processing abnormalities in high spatial frequency processing seem to occur in PDD. At a later phase in processing there seems to be both atypical high and low spatial frequency processing. Considering that the processing of specific spatial frequencies plays an important role in the processing of global and local aspects of hierarchical stimuli and faces and of emotions, present data suggest that peculiarities in PDD subjects with respect to these stimuli might be related to an abnormality in more fundamental visual processes. SIGNIFICANCE A basic abnormality in visual frequency processing is established in children with PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Boeschoten
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Carretié L, Hinojosa JA, López-Martín S, Tapia M. An electrophysiological study on the interaction between emotional content and spatial frequency of visual stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45:1187-95. [PMID: 17118408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the magnocellular pathway, a visual processing system that rapidly provides low spatial frequency information to fast-responding structures such as the amygdala, is more involved in the processing of emotional facial expressions than the parvocellular pathway (which conveys all spatial frequencies). The present experiment explored the spatio-temporal characteristics of the spatial frequency modulation of affect-related neural processing, as well as its generalizability to non-facial stimuli. To that aim, the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by low-pass filtered (i.e., high spatial frequencies are eliminated) and intact non-facial emotional images were recorded from 31 participants using a 60-electrode array. The earliest significant effect of spatial frequency was observed at 135 ms from stimulus onset: N135 component of the ERPs. In line with previous studies, the origin of N135 was localized at secondary visual areas for low-pass filtered stimuli and at primary areas for intact stimuli. Importantly, this component showed an interaction between spatial frequency and emotional content: within low-pass filtered pictures, negative stimuli elicited the highest N135 amplitudes. By contrast, within intact stimuli, neutral pictures were those eliciting the highest amplitudes. These results suggest that high spatial frequencies are not essential for the initial affect-related processing of visual stimuli, which would mainly rely on low spatial frequency visual information. According to present data, high spatial frequencies would come into play later on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carretié
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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