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Maroto-García J, Moreno Álvarez A, Sanz de Pedro MP, Buño-Soto A, González Á. Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis assessment. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2024; 5:115-130. [PMID: 38939201 PMCID: PMC11206202 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury of different etiologies produced by an imbalance between the synthesis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of physiological mechanisms. Liver has a high regenerative capacity in the early stage of chronic diseases so a prompt liver fibrosis detection is important. Consequently, an easy and economic tool that could identify patients with liver fibrosis at the initial stages is needed. To achieve this, many non-invasive serum direct, such as hyaluronic acid or metalloproteases, and indirect biomarkers have been proposed to evaluate liver fibrosis. Also, there have been developed formulas that combine these biomarkers, some of them also introduce clinical and/or demographic parameters, like FIB-4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), enhance liver fibrosis (ELF) or Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS). In this manuscript we critically reviewed different serum biomarkers and formulas for their utility in the diagnosis and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Moreno Álvarez
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Maroto-García J, Moreno-Álvarez A, Sanz de Pedro MP, Buño-Soto A, González Á. Biomarcadores séricos para la evaluación de la fibrosis hepática. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2024; 5:131-147. [PMID: 38939202 PMCID: PMC11206201 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2023-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
La fibrosis hepática se desarrolla como respuesta a la presencia de daño hepático crónico de diferentes etiologías, provocando un desequilibrio entre la síntesis y degeneración de la matriz extracelular y la desregulación de diversos mecanismos fisiológicos. En los estadios iniciales de las patologías crónicas, el hígado posee una elevada capacidad de regeneración, por lo que la detección temprana de la fibrosis hepática resulta esencial. En este contexto, es preciso contar con herramientas sencillas y económicas que permitan detectar la fibrosis hepática en sus fases iniciales. Para evaluar la fibrosis hepática, se han propuesto multitud de biomarcadores séricos no invasivos, tanto directos, como el ácido hialurónico o las metaloproteasas, como indirectos. Así mismo, se han desarrollado diversas fórmulas que combinan dichos biomarcadores junto con parámetros demográficos, como el índice FIB-4, el índice de fibrosis en la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (NFS, por sus siglas en inglés), la prueba ELF o el score de fibrosis Hepamet (HFS, por sus siglas en inglés). En el presente manuscrito, realizamos una revisión crítica del valor diagnóstico y pronóstico de los diferentes biomarcadores séricos y fórmulas actualmente existentes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maroto-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Ana Moreno-Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | | | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
- Instituto de investigación en salud del Hospital La (IdiPaz), Madrid, España
| | - Álvaro González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
- Instituto Navarro de investigación en salud (IdiSNA), Pamplona, España
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Lai X, Chen H, Dong X, Zhou G, Liang D, Xu F, Liu H, Luo Y, Liu H, Wan S. AST to ALT ratio as a prospective risk predictor for liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:338-344. [PMID: 38251454 PMCID: PMC10833202 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR) is one of the most frequent indicators to discriminate fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the results remained controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive effect of AAR on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis development. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on 1754 chronic HBV-infected patients. Clinical variables at their initial visit and follow-up data were collected. Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to evaluate the predictive value of AAR on cirrhosis risk, and its discrimination accuracy was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The time-dependent effect was assessed by a Fine and Gray competing risk model. RESULTS Compared to patients with lower AAR, those with elevated AAR level had higher risk of cirrhosis development by adjusting for host characteristics (dichotomized analyses: hazard ratio = 2.77, P = 8.25 × 10 -4 ; tertile analyses: hazard ratio = 2.95, P = 1.61 × 10 -3 ), with an increasing risk trend ( Ptrend = 4.56 × 10 -4 ). The effect remained prominent when ALT or AST was abnormal, while no significant risk was observed when AST and ALT were simultaneously normal. Time-dependent effect analysis demonstrated a persistently higher risk, with the average hazard ratio equivalent to 1.92. AAR level could improve the discrimination efficacy of host variables with area under the curve increased from 0.684 to 0.711 ( P = 0.039 ). CONCLUSION Higher AAR was significantly associated with increased risk of HBV-related cirrhosis, and might be a potential predictor of cirrhosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Lai
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of Infectious Disease, No. 988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanlin Zhou
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, No. 988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Yingmin Luo
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
| | - Shaogui Wan
- Institute of Hepatology, Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou
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Zhang H, Wang J, Qian M, Jin Y. Mefentrifluconazole exposure disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism disorder tightly associated with gut barrier function abnormal in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167317. [PMID: 37742980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mefentrifluconazole (MFZ) is an azole fungicide that is placed in agriculture for the control of fungal hazards. However, due to their non-biodegradability, azole fungicides can accumulate in plants, animals, and the environment, thus becoming a major health concern worldwide. In this study, we exposed 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice to 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of MFZ for 28 d to assess the toxic effects of MFZ on the liver and gut tissues of the mice. Histopathological, biochemical indexes, and transcriptomic analyses revealed that MFZ exposure disrupted the liver structure and hepatic lipid metabolism as well as damaged gut barrier function and promoted inflammation in mice. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that MFZ exposure significantly increased the abundance of patescibacteria at the generic level. Also, MFZ exposure increased the abundance of bacterial genera associated with inhibition of glycolipid metabolism. These results suggested that the disruption of liver lipid metabolism caused by MFZ exposure may be caused by changes in gut microbiota function. This study provided a new disease occurrence study for risk assessment of MFZ and strengthened the focus on some novel fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Sun J, Jin X, Zhang X, Zhang B. HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by downregulating SNAI2 expression. Cell Signal 2023:110741. [PMID: 37268162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is considered as the next major health epidemic with alarmingly increasing global prevalence. To explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, data from GSE118892 were analyzed. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), a member of the high mobility group family, is declined in liver tissues of NAFLD rats. However, its role in NAFLD remains unknown. This study attempted to identify the multiple roles of HMGA2 in NAFLD process. NAFLD was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, HMGA2 knockdown using adenovirus system attenuated liver injury and liver lipid deposition, accompanied by decreased NAFLD score, increased liver function, and decreased CD36 and FAS, indicating the deceleration of NAFLD progression. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown restrained liver inflammation by decreasing the expression of related inflammatory factors. Importantly, HMGA2 knockdown attenuated liver fibrosis via downregulating the expression of fibrous proteins, and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway. In vitro, HMGA2 knockdown relieved palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte injury and attenuated TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis, consistent with in vivo findings. Strikingly, HMGA2 activated the transcription of SNAI2, which was evidenced by the dual luciferase assays. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown largely downregulated SNAI2 levels. Indeed, SNAI2 overexpression effectively blocked the inhibitory effect of HMGA2 knockdown on NAFLD. Totally, our findings reveal that HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of NAFLD by directly regulating the transcription of SNAI2. HMGA2 inhibition may emerge as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuli Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zhang
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Zhang L, Xu JY, Wei Y, Gao SL, Wang L, Zheng JY, Gu M, Qin LQ. Protective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Green Tea on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2233-2238. [PMID: 34251588 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The major pathogenic feature of liver fibrosis is that oxidative stress motivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) alters the balance between the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and HSCs into proliferative myofibroblasts. Green tea and selenium (Se) can protect the liver from damage; however, the precise mechanism of green tea and the action of Se in green tea on hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. Several studies have demonstrated the profibrogenic role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) 2A/2B in the liver. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of selenium-enriched green tea on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in male C57BL/6 J mice. After a 4-week intervention with tea solution, histological analysis of the liver showed that green tea interventions alleviated hepatic fibrosis, which was supported by the changes in collagen type I, collagen type III, and α-smooth muscle actin in the liver. Tea interventions significantly inhibited the CCl4-provoked increase of duodenal 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase and hepatic 5-HT and 5-HTR2A/2B levels. All of them were lower in the selenium-enriched green tea group than in regular green tea group. Se-enriched green tea had a more pronounced improvement in liver ECM deposition and scar formation and peripheral 5-HT signals than regular green tea. Thus, green tea, especially those enriched with selenium, can improve liver fibrosis through intestinal 5-HT-hepatic 5-HTR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shi-Lin Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Yang Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Song IA, Jang ES, Oh TK. Validation of Dynamic Aspartate-to-Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio for Predicting Liver Disease Mortality. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:740-749. [PMID: 34713990 PMCID: PMC8948584 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (dAAR) was developed recently to predict the risk of incident chronic liver disease among the Nordic adult population; however, the dAAR has not been externally validated in other ethnic cohorts. Therefore, we aimed to examine the predictive ability of dAAR for liver disease mortality in the South Korean adult population. As a population-based cohort study, we used the National Health Screening Cohort database, which included adult individuals who underwent standardized medical examinations between 2002 and 2003 in South Korea. The primary endpoint was liver disease mortality, defined as death due to liver disease. Liver disease mortality was evaluated between 2004 and 2015 (12 years). Analysis of data from 512,749 adults showed that 4,052 (0.8%) individuals died due to liver disease. On receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the area under curve for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-to-ALT ratio (AAR), and dAAR for liver disease mortality were 0.74, 0.55, and 0.81, respectively. The cutoff point of dAAR was determined to be 0.72 on ROC analysis, using the Youden index method. On competing risk analysis using the Fine and Gray model, the dAAR > 0.72 group demonstrated a 4.43-fold higher rate of liver disease mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio: 4.43, 95% confidence interval: 4.11, 4.77; P < 0.001) after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion: The performance of dAAR in predicting liver disease mortality was better than that of AAR or ALT in South Korea. Our study suggests that dAAR scores can potentially be used for screening and predicting liver disease mortality among the general Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Åberg F, Danford CJ, Thiele M, Talbäck M, Rasmussen DN, Jiang ZG, Hammar N, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, But A, Puukka P, Krag A, Sundvall J, Erlund I, Salomaa V, Stål P, Kechagias S, Hultcrantz R, Lai M, Afdhal N, Jula A, Männistö S, Lundqvist A, Perola M, Färkkilä M, Hagström H. A Dynamic Aspartate-to-Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Provides Valid Predictions of Incident Severe Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1021-1035. [PMID: 34141987 PMCID: PMC8183175 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) is associated with liver fibrosis, but its predictive performance is suboptimal. We hypothesized that the association between AAR and liver disease depends on absolute transaminase levels and developed and validated a model to predict liver-related outcomes in the general population. A Cox regression model based on age, AAR, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (dynamic AAR [dAAR]) using restricted cubic splines was developed in Finnish population-based health-examination surveys (FINRISK, 2002-2012; n = 18,067) with linked registry data for incident liver-related hospitalizations, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver death. The model was externally validated for liver-related outcomes in a Swedish population cohort (Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk [AMORIS] subcohort; n = 126,941) and for predicting outcomes and/or prevalent fibrosis/cirrhosis in biopsied patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C, or alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The dynamic AAR model predicted liver-related outcomes both overall (optimism-corrected C-statistic, 0.81) and in subgroup analyses of the FINRISK cohort and identified persons with >10% risk for liver-related outcomes within 10 years. In independent cohorts, the C-statistic for predicting liver-related outcomes up to a 10-year follow-up was 0.72 in the AMORIS cohort, 0.81 in NAFLD, and 0.75 in ALD. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) for detecting prevalent cirrhosis was 0.80-0.83 in NAFLD, 0.80 in hepatitis C, but only 0.71 in ALD. In ALD, model performance improved when using aspartate aminotransferase instead of ALT in the model (C-statistic, 0.84 for outcome; AUC, 0.82 for prevalent cirrhosis). Conclusion: A dAAR score provides prospective predictions for the risk of incident severe liver outcomes in the general population and helps detect advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The dAAR score could potentially be used for screening the unselected general population and as a trigger for further liver evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery ClinicHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
- The Transplant InstituteSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Christopher J. Danford
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Mats Talbäck
- Unit of EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Z. Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Anna But
- Biostatistics ConsultingDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- Department of Government ServicesFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government ServicesFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Per Stål
- Unit of HepatologyDivision of Upper Gastrointestinal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- Department of MedicineSolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Nezam Afdhal
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Clinic of GastroenterologyHelsinki University and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Unit of HepatologyDivision of Upper Gastrointestinal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Unit of EpidemiologyDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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9
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BAKIR A, GÜNEY M, ERDAL H, YAVUZ Ö, GÜNAL A, GÜLŞEN M, YAVUZ MT. Assessment of The Performances of Hepatitis C Virus Viral Markers, Age-Platelet Index and Aspartate aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Scores, in Predicting Liver Histopathology. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.825814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Wang J, Li J, Ren Y, Shi H, Rong X, Zhang X, Shao Y, Wu R, Chu M, Qiu H. Association between Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase Ratio (AST/ALT Ratio) and Coronary Artery Injury in Children with Kawasaki Disease. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8743548. [PMID: 32274211 PMCID: PMC7125506 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8743548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AST/ALT ratio, AAR) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, coronary artery lesions (CAL), and coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). DESIGN We retrospectively studied 2678 children with KD and divided them into two groups: a low-AAR group and a high-AAR group with a median AAR of 1.13 as the cut-off point. The differences in laboratory data, clinical manifestations, and coronary artery damage rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The incidence of CAL was higher in the low-AAR group than in the high-AAR group at 2 and 3-4 weeks after illness onset (p < 0.001, respectively). The IVIG resistance rate was significantly higher in the low-AAR group than in the high-AAR group (29.94% vs 21.71%, p < 0.001). The levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, bilirubin, fibrinogen, thrombin time, D-dimer, and brain natriuretic peptide were also significantly higher in the low-AAR group compared with the high-AAR group. The levels of albumin and IgG were significantly lower in the low-AAR group compared with those of the high-AAR group. The proportion of typical KD cases in the low-AAR group was significantly higher than that in the high-AAR group. Low-AAR correlated with the risk of coronary artery damage and IVIG resistance. CONCLUSION Children with KD who had low-AAR value were more likely to develop coronary artery damage and IVIG resistance. Low AAR is a risk factor for CAL, CAA, and IVIG resistance in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongying Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuting Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Shao
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huixian Qiu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Rykaczewska A, Gajęcka M, Dąbrowski M, Wiśniewska A, Szcześniewska J, Gajęcki MT, Zielonka Ł. Growth performance, selected blood biochemical parameters and body weights of pre-pubertal gilts fed diets supplemented with different doses of zearalenone (ZEN). Toxicon 2018; 152:84-94. [PMID: 30055259 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to low doses of zearalenone (ZEN) induces changes in the serum biochemical profile and body weights (BW). Pre-pubertal gilts (with BW of up to 14.5 kg) were administered ZEN in daily doses of 5 μg/kg BW (group 1, n = 15), 10 μg/kg BW (group 2, n = 15), 15 μg/kg BW (group 3, n = 15) or placebo (control group C, n = 15) throughout the experiment. Blood was sampled for analysis on 10 dates (at five-day intervals). Minor but statistically significant differences in the analysed serum biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, glucose, total protein, iron, BUN and urea) were observed in the studied groups. The biochemical parameters of the analysed gilts indicate that the maintenance of homeostasis and biotransformation of ZEN require considerable energy expenditure. Beginning on the fourth analytical date, BW gains were consistently higher in the experimental groups than in group C. The observed decrease in glucose and total protein levels can probably be attributed to higher BW gains and the ongoing ZEN biotransformation processes in the enterocytes and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rykaczewska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anita Wiśniewska
- Members of the Feed Hygiene Science Club of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Justyna Szcześniewska
- Members of the Feed Hygiene Science Club of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej T Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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An Attempt to Establish a Common Animal Model for Hepatorenal Fibrosis in Rats. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8260508. [PMID: 28835866 PMCID: PMC5556604 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8260508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is already a proven fact that there exists a relationship between CLD (chronic liver disease) and kidney disease but still there is no available combined animal model of liver and kidney fibrosis on the same animal. An animal model is one of the important research tools in the field of medical science because it is important to build a model that can simulate the disease condition so that the particular disease can be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to build a less expensive, less time consuming, and reproducible model of hepatorenal fibrosis on rats. We administered combined intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) on a female Wistar rats. At the end, the liver and kidney tissues were examined under microscope to see whether we were successful in establishing the model or not. The results show that liver fibrosis was marked but the changes on the kidneys were mild. In this study, we were able to induce significant fibrosis in the liver and early stages of fibrosis in the kidneys. The result also demonstrated that the addition of BSA conferred a liver protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, whereas combination of CCl4 and BSA proved to be detrimental for kidneys.
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AST/ALT ratio is not useful in predicting the degree of fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27:1361-6. [PMID: 26352130 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Noninvasive tests are primarily used for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. In clinical practice, serum aminotransferase levels, coagulation parameters, and platelet count have been used to predict whether or not a patient has cirrhosis. In addition, several studies have evaluated the accuracy of combinations (or ratios) of these measures. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between five noninvasive models [AST/ALT ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), Bonacini cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), age-platelet index (APind), and King's score] and the degree of hepatic fibrosis as determined by biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 380 patients with viral hepatitis (237 with chronic hepatitis B and 143 with chronic hepatitis C) who were seen at our clinic between January 2005 and January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The degree of fibrosis was determined using the Ishak score. Patients with a fibrosis score of 0-2 were considered to have low fibrosis and those with a score between 3 and 6 were considered to have high fibrosis. Five noninvasive models were compared between the groups with low and high fibrosis. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the hepatitis B and C patients with high and low fibrosis with respect to APind (4.49±2.35 vs. 2.41±1.84; P<0.001 in hepatitis B and 4.83±2.25 vs. 2.92±1.88; P<0.001 in hepatitis C), APRI (1.00±1.17 vs. 0.47±0.39; P<0.001 in hepatitis B and 1.01±1.01 vs. 0.41±0.29; P<0.001 in hepatitis C), CDS (4.53±1.90 vs. 3.58±1.30; P<0.001 in hepatitis B and 4.71±2.03 vs. 3.42±1.49; P<0.05 in hepatitis C), and King's score (24.31±3.14 vs. 7.65±6.70; P<0.001 in hepatitis B and 24.82±2.55 vs. 8.33±7.29; P<0.001 in hepatitis C). There were no significant differences in the AAR between the hepatitis B and C patients with high and low fibrosis (0.78±0.31 vs. 0.74±0.34; P=0.082 in hepatitis B and 0.91±0.40 vs. 0.85±0.27; P=0.25 in hepatitis C). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the APind, APRI, CDS, and King's score in the hepatitis B group were 0.767, 0.710, 0.646, and 0.770, respectively; these values were 0.732, 0.763, 0.677, and 0.783, respectively, in the hepatitis C group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data suggest that four of the five noninvasive methods evaluated in this study can be used to predict advanced fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B and C. However, there was no significant relationship between the degree of hepatic fibrosis and the AAR score, indicating that AAR is not useful in estimating the fibrosis stage in hepatitis B and C patients.
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Huang W, Li L, Tian X, Yan J, Yang X, Wang X, Liao G, Qiu G. Astragalus and Paeoniae radix rubra extract inhibits liver fibrosis by modulating the transforming growth factor‑β/Smad pathway in rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:805-14. [PMID: 25373883 PMCID: PMC4262501 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that Astragalus and Paeoniae radix rubra extract (APE) had a protective effect against liver fibrosis in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of APE on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 twice a week for eight weeks. Organ coefficients, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hexadecenoic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PCIII), hydroxyproline (Hyp), glutathione (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were measured in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Histopathological changes in affected livers were studied using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. The expression of transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway proteins, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and collagen III was observed in fibrotic livers using western blot analysis. The present study observed significant reductions in serum levels of AST, ALT, HA, LN, PCIII and Hyp in APE-treated (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg) rats, indicating the significant hepatoprotective effects of APE. Furthermore, the depletion of GSH-Px and SOD, in addition to the accumulation of MDA in liver tissue was suppressed by APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg). Pathological assessment of CCl4-induced fibrotic livers revealed a significant reduction of liver injury and development of hepatic fibrosis in rats treated with APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg). Moreover, APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg) decreased the elevation of TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III expression, inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation as well as elevated the expression of the TGF-β1 inhibitor Smad7. These results suggested that APE may protect against liver damage and inhibit the progression of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism of action of APE is hypothesized to proceed via scavenging free radicals, decreasing TGF-β1 levels and blocking of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Huang
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Liao
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Genquan Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
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