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Bonnett BL, Rahman T, Poe D, Seifert S, Stephenson GB, Servis MJ. Insights into water extraction and aggregation mechanisms of malonamide-alkane mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18089-18101. [PMID: 38895844 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Structure at the nanoscale in the organic phase of liquid-liquid extraction systems is often tied to separation performance. However, the weak interactions that drive extractant assembly lead to poorly defined structures that are challenging to identify. Here, we investigate the mechanism of water extraction for a malonamide extractant commonly applied to f-element separations. We measure extractant concentration fluctuations in the organic phase with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) before and after contact with water at fine increments of extractant concentration, finding no qualitative changes upon water uptake that might suggest significant nanoscopic reorganization of the solution. The critical composition for maximum fluctuation intensity is consistent with small water-extractant adducts. The extractant concentration dependence of water extraction is consistent with a power law close to unity in the low concentration regime, suggesting the formation of 1 : 1 water-extractant adducts as the primary extraction mechanism at low concentration. At higher extractant concentrations, the power law slope increases slightly, which we find is consistent with activity effects modeled using Flory-Huggins theory without introduction of additional extractant-water species. Molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with these findings. The decrease in interfacial tension with increasing extractant concentration shows a narrow plateau region, but it is not correlated with any change in fluctuation or water extraction trends, further suggesting no supramolecular organization such as reverse micellization. This study suggests that water extraction in this system is particularly simple: it relies on a single mechanism at all extractant concentrations, and only slightly enhances the concentration fluctuations characteristic of the dry binary extractant/diluent mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Bonnett
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Tasnim Rahman
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Derrick Poe
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - G Brian Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Michael J Servis
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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2
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Moneuse R, Bourgeois D, Le Goff X, Lehn JM, Meyer D. Behavior of a Dynamic Covalent Library Driven by Combined Pd(II) and Biphasic Effectors for Metal Transport between Phases. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302188. [PMID: 37566451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the effect of Pd(II) as chemical effector on an acylhydrazone-based dynamic covalent library (DCL) in biphasic systems (water/chloroform). The constituents of the DCL are self-built and distributed in the two phases, two of them are lipophilic enough to play the role of a carrier agent that may transfer Pd(II) from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Upon addition of Pd(II), the DCL of components exhibits a strong amplification of the constituent that is the most adapted to stabilize Pd(II) in chloroform as well as its agonist in water. This evolution is driven by the combination of the interaction of the DCL with Pd(II) and the presence of the two phases. This study paves the way to a novel approach for liquid/liquid extraction and metal recovery by means of adaptive extractant species generated in situ by a DCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Moneuse
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Damien Bourgeois
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Xavier Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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3
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Peroutka AA, Galley SS, Shafer JC. Elucidating the speciation of extracted lanthanides by diglycolamides. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Favero UG, Schaeffer N, Passos H, A. M. L. Cruz K, Ananias D, Dourdain S, Hespanhol MC. Solvent extraction in non-ideal eutectic solvents – application towards lanthanide separation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Lommelen R, Binnemans K. Molecular thermodynamic model for solvent extraction of mineral acids by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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6
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Nurmyradova M, Tilki T, Dede B, Sezgin B. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations of novel benzoic acid based azo molecules and their use in effective extraction of Hg(II) ions from aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Li C, He H, Hou C, He M, Jiao C, Pan Q, Zhang M. A quantum-chemistry and molecular-dynamics study of non-covalent interactions between tri-n-butyl phosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Sheyfer D, Servis MJ, Zhang Q, Lal J, Loeffler T, Dufresne EM, Sandy AR, Narayanan S, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Szczygiel R, Maj P, Soderholm L, Antonio MR, Stephenson GB. Advancing Chemical Separations: Unraveling the Structure and Dynamics of Phase Splitting in Liquid-Liquid Extraction. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2420-2429. [PMID: 35315675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), the go-to process for a variety of chemical separations, is limited by spontaneous organic phase splitting upon sufficient solute loading, called third phase formation. In this study we explore the applicability of critical phenomena theory to gain insight into this deleterious phase behavior with the goal of improving separations efficiency and minimizing waste. A series of samples representative of rare earth purification were constructed to include each of one light and one heavy lanthanide (cerium and lutetium) paired with one of two common malonamide extractants (DMDOHEMA and DMDBTDMA). The resulting postextraction organic phases are chemically complex and often form rich hierarchical structures whose statics and dynamics near the critical point were probed herein with small-angle X-ray scattering and high-speed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Despite their different extraction behaviors, all samples show remarkably similar critical behavior with exponents well described by classical critical point theory consistent with the 3D Ising model, where the critical behavior is characterized by fluctuations with a single diverging length scale. This unexpected result indicates a significant reduction in relevant chemical parameters at the critical point, indicating that the underlying behavior of phase transitions in LLE rely on far fewer variables than are generally assumed. The obtained scalar order parameter is attributed to the extractant fraction of the extractant/diluent mixture, revealing that other solution components and their respective concentrations simply shift the critical temperature but do not affect the nature of the critical fluctuations. These findings point to an opportunity to drastically simplify studies of liquid-liquid phase separation and phase diagram development in general while providing insights into LLE process improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sheyfer
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael J Servis
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - J Lal
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - T Loeffler
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - E M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - A R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - S Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607,United States
| | - R Szczygiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - P Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - L Soderholm
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mark R Antonio
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - G B Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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9
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Lu Z, Dourdain S, Demé B, Dufrêche JF, Zemb T, Pellet-Rostaing S. Effect of alkyl chain configuration of tertiary amines on uranium extraction and phase stability – Part I: Evaluation of phase stability, extraction, and aggregation properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Effect of alkyl chains configurations of tertiary amines on uranium extraction and phase stability – part II: Curvature free energy controlling the ion transfer. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Servis MJ, Sadhu B, Soderholm L, Clark AE. Amphiphile conformation impacts aggregate morphology and solution structure across multiple lengthscales. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Servis MJ, Nayak S, Seifert S. The pervasive impact of critical fluctuations in liquid-liquid extraction organic phases. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244506. [PMID: 34972370 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction is an essential chemical separation technique where polar solutes are extracted from an aqueous phase into a nonpolar organic solvent by amphiphilic extractant molecules. A fundamental limitation to the efficiency of this important technology is third phase formation, wherein the organic phase splits upon sufficient loading of polar solutes. The nanoscale drivers of phase splitting are challenging to understand in the complex hierarchically structured organic phases. In this study, we demonstrate that the organic phase structure and phase behavior are fundamentally connected in a way than can be understood with critical phenomena theory. For a series of binary mixtures of trialkyl phosphate extractants with linear alkane diluents, we combine small angle x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate how the organic phase mesostructure over a wide range of compositions is dominated by critical concentration fluctuations associated with the critical point of the third phase formation phase transition. These findings reconcile many longstanding inconsistencies in the literature where small angle scattering features, also consistent with such critical fluctuations, were interpreted as reverse micellar-like particles. Overall, this study shows how the organic phase mesostructure and phase behavior are intrinsically linked, deepening our understanding of both and providing a new framework for using molecular structure and thermodynamic variables to control mesostructure and phase behavior in liquid-liquid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Servis
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Srikanth Nayak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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13
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Moreno Martinez D, Acher E, Vatin M, Dourdain S, Guillaumont D, Guilbaud P. Aggregation of Bifunctional Extractants Used for Uranium(VI) Separation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10759-10771. [PMID: 34320806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DEHCNPB (butyl-N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)carbamoyl-nonylphosphonate) is an amido-phosphonic acid that has remarkable properties for the separation of uranium from wet phosphoric acid. Despite previous studies, a detailed description of the DEHCNPB organic solutions at the supramolecular and molecular scales is missing. In the present work, we use classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) combined with SANS and SAXS experimental data in order to describe the aggregation of the bifunctional extractant DEHCNPB as well as the speciation of uranium(VI) in such systems. We provide a fine description of the molecular species in the organic solution and of the interactions within the aggregates formed, shedding light on solvent extraction mechanisms. Without uranium, the organic phase is highly composed of dimers and trimers H-bonded through phosphonate functions and without water molecules. With uranium, two to three extractant molecules coordinate directly the uranyl cation by their phosphonate groups. Uranyl is not fully dehydrated in this organic solution, and the amide groups of the extractants are found to form H-bonds with the water molecules bound to uranyl. These H-bond networks around the metallic cation stabilize the complexes and facilitate the extraction. These results underline the importance of considering weak interactions in the understanding of extraction processes and demonstrate how molecular simulations provide essential insights into such complex organic phase chemistry with a high number of species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eléonor Acher
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Bagnols sur Ceze 30207, France
| | - Marin Vatin
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Guilbaud
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Bagnols sur Ceze 30207, France
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14
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Špadina M, Dufrêche JF, Pellet-Rostaing S, Marčelja S, Zemb T. Molecular Forces in Liquid-Liquid Extraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10637-10656. [PMID: 34251218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phase transfer of ions is driven by gradients of chemical potentials rather than concentrations alone (i.e., by both the molecular forces and entropy). Extraction is a combination of high-energy interactions that correspond to short-range forces in the first solvation shell such as ion pairing or complexation forces, with supramolecular and nanoscale organization. While the latter are similar to the long-range solvent-averaged interactions in the colloidal world, in solvent extraction they are associated with lower characteristic lengths of the nanometric domain. Modeling of such complex systems is especially complicated because the two domains are coupled, whereas the resulting free energy of extraction is around kBT to guarantee the reversibility of the practical process. Nevertheless, quantification is possible by considering a partitioning of space among the polar cores, interfacial film, and solvent. The resulting free energy of transfer can be rationalized by utilizing a combination of terms which represent strong complexation energies, counterbalanced by various entropic effects and the confinement of polar solutes in nanodomains dispersed in the diluent, together with interfacial extractant terms. We describe here this ienaics approach in the context of solvent extraction systems; it can also be applied to further complex ionic systems, such as membranes and biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Stjepan Marčelja
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Université Montpellier, Marcoule, France
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15
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Artese A, Dourdain S, Boubals N, Dumas T, Solari PL, Menut D, Berthon L, Guilbaud P, Pellet-Rostaing S. Evidence of Supramolecular Origin of Selectivity in Solvent Extraction of Bifunctional Amidophosphonate Extractants with Different Configurations. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1961433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Artese
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Dumas
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Denis Menut
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, MARS Beamline, Gif Sur Yvette, France
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16
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Maurice AA, Theisen J, Rai V, Olivier F, El Maangar A, Duhamet J, Zemb T, Gabriel JP. First online X‐ray fluorescence characterization of liquid‐liquid extraction in microfluidics. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ange A. Maurice
- SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technology University Singapore
| | - Johannes Theisen
- ICSM CEA CNRS ENSCM Université de Montpellier Marcoule France
- CEA IRIG INAC MEM Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Varun Rai
- SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technology University Singapore
| | - Fabien Olivier
- SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technology University Singapore
- CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | | | - Jean Duhamet
- CEA DES ISEC DMRC Université de Montpellier Marcoule France
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM CEA CNRS ENSCM Université de Montpellier Marcoule France
| | - Jean‐Christophe P. Gabriel
- SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technology University Singapore
- CEA IRIG INAC MEM Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
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17
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Servis MJ, Stephenson GB. Mesostructuring in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Organic Phases Originating from Critical Points. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5807-5812. [PMID: 34137623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic phase structure plays an important role in solute extraction energetics and phase behavior of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) systems. For a binary extractant (amphiphile)/solvent mixture of relevance to LLE, we find that the organic phase mesostructuring is consistent with extractant concentration fluctuations as the compositional isotherm traverses the Widom line above its liquid-liquid critical point. This reveals a different mechanism for the well-documented heterogeneities in LLE organic phases that are typically attributed to micellization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Servis
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - G B Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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18
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Servis MJ, Piechowicz M, Soderholm L. Impact of Water Extraction on Malonamide Aggregation: A Molecular Dynamics and Graph Theoretic Approach. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6629-6638. [PMID: 34128673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Solution structure in liquid-liquid extraction affects the efficacy of separation; however, even for simplified organic phases, structural characterization and attribution of aggregation to intermolecular interactions are fundamental challenges. We investigate water uptake into organic phases for two malonamides commonly applied to actinide and lanthanide separations. Extracted water induces reorganization of the amphiphilic extractant molecules, although we find this rearrangement is not strongly manifested in small-angle X-ray scattering making it challenging to probe without methods such as atomistic simulation. Using a graph theoretic approach to define hydrogen bonded water/malonamide aggregates from molecular dynamics simulations, we find evidence of a characteristic aggregate size by water number that results from geometric accommodation of the surrounding malonamide molecules. This implies a degree of size selectivity inherent to these water-in-oil aggregates. Conversely, we find no evidence of a characteristic size of the aggregates with respect to their malonamide number. By defining a separate graphical representation of self-association of the amphiphilic malonamides, we quantify how water affects the local and nonlocal topology of the malonamide network, providing a basis for characterization of the structure and impact of polar solutes in increasingly complex organic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Servis
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marek Piechowicz
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - L Soderholm
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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19
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Nayak S, Kumal RR, Liu Z, Qiao B, Clark AE, Uysal A. Origins of Clustering of Metalate-Extractant Complexes in Liquid-Liquid Extraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24194-24206. [PMID: 33849269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective and energy-efficient separation of precious and rare metals is very important for a variety of advanced technologies. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a relatively less energy intensive separation technique, widely used in separation of lanthanides, actinides, and platinum group metals (PGMs). In LLE, the distribution of an ion between an aqueous phase and an organic phase is determined by enthalpic (coordination interactions) and entropic (fluid reorganization) contributions. The molecular scale details of these contributions are not well understood. Preferential extraction of an ion from the aqueous phase is usually correlated with the resulting fluid organization in the organic phase, as the longer-range organization increases with metal loading. However, it is difficult to determine the extent to which organic phase fluid organization causes, or is caused by, metal loading. In this study, we demonstrate that two systems with the same metal loading may impart very different organic phase organizations and investigate the underlying molecular scale mechanism. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the structure of a quaternary ammonium extractant solution in toluene is affected differently by the extraction of two metalates (octahedral PtCl62- and square-planar PdCl42-), although both are completely transferred into the organic phase. The aggregates formed by the metalate-extractant complexes (approximated as reverse micelles) exhibit a more long-range order (clustering) with PtCl62- compared to that with PdCl42-. Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on model Langmuir monolayers indicate that the two metalates affect the interfacial hydration structures differently. Furthermore, the interfacial hydration is correlated with water extraction into the organic phase. These results support a strong relationship between the organic phase organizational structure and the different local hydration present within the aggregates of metalate-extractant complexes, which is independent of metalate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Nayak
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Raju R Kumal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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20
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Gradzielski M, Duvail M, de Molina PM, Simon M, Talmon Y, Zemb T. Using Microemulsions: Formulation Based on Knowledge of Their Mesostructure. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5671-5740. [PMID: 33955731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are known and have been studied for more than 70 years. However, even today there are still quite a number of unclear aspects, and more recent research work has modified and extended our picture. This review gives a short overview of how the understanding of microemulsions has developed, the current view on their properties and structural features, and in particular, how they are related to applications. We also discuss more recent developments regarding nonclassical microemulsions such as surfactant-free (ultraflexible) microemulsions or ones containing uncommon solvents or amphiphiles (like antagonistic salts). These new findings challenge to some extent our previous understanding of microemulsions, which therefore has to be extended to look at the different types of microemulsions in a unified way. In particular, the flexibility of the amphiphilic film is the key property to classify different microemulsion types and their properties in this review. Such a classification of microemulsions requires a thorough determination of their structural properties, and therefore, the experimental methods to determine microemulsion structure and dynamics are reviewed briefly, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the field of direct imaging by means of electron microscopy. Based on this classification of microemulsions, we then discuss their applications, where the application demands have to be met by the properties of the microemulsion, which in turn are controlled by the flexibility of their amphiphilic interface. Another frequently important aspect for applications is the control of the rheological properties. Normally, microemulsions are low viscous and therefore enhancing viscosity has to be achieved by either having high concentrations (often not wished for) or additives, which do not significantly interfere with the microemulsion. Accordingly, this review gives a comprehensive account of the properties of microemulsions, including most recent developments and bringing them together from a united viewpoint, with an emphasis on how this affects the way of formulating microemulsions for a given application with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
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Wongsawa T, Ampronpong W, Traiwongsa N, Pancharoen U, Punyain W, Phatanasri S. New and green extraction of mercury(I) by pure sunflower oil: Mechanism, kinetics and thermodynamics. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Špadina M, Dourdain S, Rey J, Bohinc K, Pellet-Rostaing S, Dufrêche JF, Zemb T. How acidity rules synergism and antagonism in liquid–liquid extraction by lipophilic extractants—Part II: application of the ienaic modelling. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1899614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Špadina
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Dourdain
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - J. Rey
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - K. Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - T. Zemb
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
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Switching Ion Binding Selectivity of Thiacalix[4]arene Monocrowns at Liquid-Liquid and 2D-Confined Interfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073535. [PMID: 33805474 PMCID: PMC8038083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of ions with organic receptors in confined space is of fundamental importance and could advance nanoelectronics and sensor design. In this work, metal ion complexation of conformationally varied thiacalix[4]monocrowns bearing lower-rim hydroxy (type I), dodecyloxy (type II), or methoxy (type III) fragments was evaluated. At the liquid–liquid interface, alkylated thiacalixcrowns-5(6) selectively extract alkali metal ions according to the induced-fit concept, whereas crown-4 receptors were ineffective due to distortion of the crown-ether cavity, as predicted by quantum-chemical calculations. In type-I ligands, alkali-metal ion extraction by the solvent-accessible crown-ether cavity was prevented, which resulted in competitive Ag+ extraction by sulfide bridges. Surprisingly, amphiphilic type-I/II conjugates moderately extracted other metal ions, which was attributed to calixarene aggregation in salt aqueous phase and supported by dynamic light scattering measurements. Cation–monolayer interactions at the air–water interface were monitored by surface pressure/potential measurements and UV/visible reflection–absorption spectroscopy. Topology-varied selectivity was evidenced, towards Sr2+ (crown-4), K+ (crown-5), and Ag+ (crown-6) in type-I receptors and Na+ (crown-4), Ca2+ (crown-5), and Cs+ (crown-6) in type-II receptors. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic absorption spectroscopy revealed exocyclic coordination in type-I ligands and cation–π interactions in type-II ligands.
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Denk P, El Maangar A, Lal J, Kleber D, Zemb T, Kunz W. Phase diagrams and microstructures of aqueous short alkyl chain polyethylene glycol ether carboxylate and carboxylic acid triblock surfactant solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:375-386. [PMID: 33556757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The surfactant C8EO8CH2COOH (Akypo LF2) and its salts have a small hydrophobic and a significantly longer hydrophilic part. As a consequence, there must be a significant steric constraint, once these surfactant molecules form micelles. In addition, the partially charged headgroups should bring some additional fine-tuning via electrostatic interactions to this "essentially non-ionic" surfactant. EXPERIMENTS Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of water and C8EO8CH2COOH are established over large concentration and temperature ranges, also at different pHs and in the presence of sodium and calcium ions. Surface tensions and osmotic pressures are measured to understand the systems. To evaluate the microstructures, also Dynamic Light Scattering and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering are performed. FINDINGS Apart from the formation of coacervates at very low surfactant concentrations, spherical micelles persist over the whole concentration and temperature range and do not change in size and shape. At very high surfactant concentrations, above 60% by weight, where the headgroups are no longer fully hydrated, the standard core-shell structure of micelles vanishes and highly stabilized aggregates of 8-26 octyl chains are suspended in interdigitated polyoxyethylene layers and form an "osmotic brush". When the acid is partially transformed to a sodium salt, the repulsion between the micelles increases, whereas bridging between micelles prevails, when the counterions are calcium cations. Remarkably, the negative charges of the headgroups are randomly distributed in the hydrophilic ethylene oxide shell. Altogether, a phase diagram without lyotropic liquid crystalline phases and an extreme shift of the cloud-point in temperature and composition is found, similar to the phase diagram of C8EO8OH already known in literature. The phase properties can be explained by the curvature and packing constraints together with the Lindemann rule applied to short hydrocarbon chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Denk
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jyotsana Lal
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany; Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - David Kleber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM, Univ. Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Servis MJ, Piechowicz M, Shkrob IA, Soderholm L, Clark AE. Amphiphile Organization in Organic Solutions: An Alternative Explanation for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Features in Malonamide/Alkane Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10822-10831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Servis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Marek Piechowicz
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - L. Soderholm
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aurora E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Lacanau V, Bonneté F, Wagner P, Schmitt M, Meyer D, Bihel F, Contino-Pépin C, Bourgeois D. From Electronic Waste to Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction in Water: Direct Valuation of Recycled Palladium in Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5224-5230. [PMID: 32672412 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
From electronic waste to Pd-catalyzed reaction! The straightforward valuation of palladium recovered from electronic waste is reported here. Following a classical leaching stage, palladium is selectively extracted from a complex aqueous mixture of metallic cations into an organic phase. Afterwards, the judicious choice of a surfactant enables stabilization of palladium during back extraction cycles, and the direct preparation of an aqueous micellar solution, which can be employed in a model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Clean phase separation is observed, and distribution of all components between organic and aqueous phases is mastered. The proposed process avoids several waste generating steps dedicated to palladium isolation and ultimate purification, as well as the preparation of palladium pre-catalyst. This novel approach enables a better use of both natural resources and industrial wastes, through new cycles in circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Lacanau
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, BP 17171, Marcoule, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Avignon Université, 84911, Avignon, France
| | - Françoise Bonneté
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Avignon Université, 84911, Avignon, France
- Université de Paris LBPC-PM, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, UMR 7200 Labex Medalis, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, UMR 7200 Labex Medalis, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, BP 17171, Marcoule, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation thérapeutique, UMR 7200 Labex Medalis, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Christiane Contino-Pépin
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Avignon Université, 84911, Avignon, France
| | - Damien Bourgeois
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, BP 17171, Marcoule, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Maurice A, Theisen J, Gabriel JCP. Microfluidic lab-on-chip advances for liquid–liquid extraction process studies. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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