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Karahmet Sher E, Alebić M, Marković Boras M, Boškailo E, Karahmet Farhat E, Karahmet A, Pavlović B, Sher F, Lekić L. Nanotechnology in medicine revolutionizing drug delivery for cancer and viral infection treatments. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124345. [PMID: 38885775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology were vastly applied in medicine and pharmacy, especially in the field of nano-delivery systems. It took a long time for these systems to ensure precise delivery of very delicate molecules, such as RNA, to cells at concentrations that yield remarkable efficiency, with success rates reaching 95.0% and 94.5%. These days, there are several advantages of using nanotechnological solutions in the prevention and treatment of cancer and viral infections. Its interventions improve treatment outcomes both due to increased effectiveness of the drug at target location and by reducing adverse reactions, thereby increasing patient adherence to the therapy. Based on the current knowledge an updated review was made, and perspective, opportunities and challenges in nanomedicine were discussed. The methods employed include comprehensive examination of existing literature and studies on nanoparticles and nano-delivery systems including both in vitro tests performed on cell cultures and in vivo assessments carried out on appropriate animal models, with a specific emphasis on their applications in oncology and virology. This brings together various aspects including both structure and formation as well as its association with characteristic behaviour in organisms, providing a novel perspective. Furthermore, the practical application of these systems in medicine and pharmacy with a focus on viral diseases and malignancies was explored. This review can serve as a valuable guide for fellow researchers, helping them navigate the abundance of findings in this field. The results indicate that applications of nanotechnological solutions for the delivery of medicinal products improving therapeutic outcomes will continue to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Karahmet Sher
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Mirna Alebić
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijana Marković Boras
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emina Boškailo
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Esma Karahmet Farhat
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Alma Karahmet
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bojan Pavlović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of East Sarajevo, Lukavica, Republika Srpska 75327, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Farooq Sher
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Lana Lekić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Moreira R, Nóbrega C, de Almeida LP, Mendonça L. Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:260. [PMID: 38760847 PMCID: PMC11100082 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by extensive loss of function or death of brain cells, hampering the life quality of patients. Brain-targeted drug delivery is challenging, with a low success rate this far. Therefore, the application of targeting ligands in drug vehicles, such as lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, holds the promise to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and direct therapies to the brain, in addition to protect their cargo from degradation and metabolization. In this review, we discuss the barriers to brain delivery and the different types of brain-targeting ligands currently in use in brain-targeted nanoparticles, such as peptides, proteins, aptamers, small molecules, and antibodies. Moreover, we present a detailed review of the different targeting ligands used to direct nanoparticles to specific brain cells, like neurons (C4-3 aptamer, neurotensin, Tet-1, RVG, and IKRG peptides), astrocytes (Aquaporin-4, D4, and Bradykinin B2 antibodies), oligodendrocytes (NG-2 antibody and the biotinylated DNA aptamer conjugated to a streptavidin core Myaptavin-3064), microglia (CD11b antibody), neural stem cells (QTRFLLH, VPTQSSG, and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptides), and to endothelial cells of the BBB (transferrin and insulin proteins, and choline). Reports demonstrated enhanced brain-targeted delivery with improved transport to the specific cell type targeted with the conjugation of these ligands to nanoparticles. Hence, this strategy allows the implementation of high-precision medicine, with reduced side effects or unwanted therapy clearance from the body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of some of these nanoparticles in peripheral organs has been reported indicating that there are still factors to be improved to achieve higher levels of brain targeting. This review is a collection of studies exploring targeting ligands for the delivery of nanoparticles to the brain and we highlight the advantages and limitations of this type of approach in precision therapies.
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Grants
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal.
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal.
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Mhaske A, Shukla S, Ahirwar K, Singh KK, Shukla R. Receptor-Assisted Nanotherapeutics for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04015-9. [PMID: 38558360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a distinguishing checkpoint that segregates peripheral organs from neural compartment. It protects the central nervous system from harmful ambush of antigens and pathogens. Owing to such explicit selectivity, the BBB hinders passage of various neuroprotective drug molecules that escalates into poor attainability of neuroprotective agents towards the brain. However, few molecules can surpass the BBB and gain access in the brain parenchyma by exploiting surface transporters and receptors. For successful development of brain-targeted therapy, understanding of BBB transporters and receptors is crucial. This review focuses on the transporter and receptor-based mechanistic pathway that can be manoeuvred for better comprehension of reciprocity of receptors and nanotechnological vehicle delivery. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the expedient noninvasive approaches for brain targeting via manipulating the hurdle of the BBB. Various nanovehicles are being reported for brain-targeted delivery such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanoemulsion, nanolipid carriers, liposomes and other nanovesicles. Nanotechnology-aided brain targeting can be a strategic approach to circumvent the BBB without altering the inherent nature of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshada Mhaske
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
- Biomedical Evidence-based Transdisciplinary Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Bao Y, Lu W. Targeting cerebral diseases with enhanced delivery of therapeutic proteins across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1681-1698. [PMID: 36945117 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2193390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral diseases have been threatening public physical and psychological health in the recent years. With the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is particularly hard for therapeutic proteins like peptides, enzymes, antibodies, etc. to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and function in diagnosis and treatment in cerebral diseases. Fortunately, the past decade has witnessed some emerging strategies of delivering macromolecular therapeutic proteins across the BBB. AREAS COVERED Based on the structure, functions, and substances transport mechanisms, various enhanced delivery strategies of therapeutic proteins were reviewed, categorized by molecule-mediated delivery strategies, carrier-mediated delivery strategies, and other delivery strategies. EXPERT OPINION As for molecule-mediated delivery strategies, development of genetic engineering technology, optimization of protein expression and purification techniques, and mature of quality control systems all help to realize large-scale production of recombinant antibodies, making it possible to apply to the clinical practice. In terms of carrier-mediated delivery strategies and others, although nano-carriers/adeno-associated virus (AAV) are also promising candidates for delivering therapeutic proteins or genes across the BBB, some issues still remain to be further investigated, including safety concerns related to applied materials, large-scale production costs, quality control standards, combination therapies with auxiliary delivery strategies like focused ultrasound, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Tayzen PharmLab Co., Ltd. Lingang of Shanghai, China
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Khan I, Baig MH, Mahfooz S, Imran MA, Khan MI, Dong JJ, Cho JY, Hatiboglu MA. Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma: Progress and Future Prospects. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:172-186. [PMID: 35760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor, accounting for the highest mortality and morbidity rates. Current treatment for patients with glioblastoma includes maximal safe tumor resection followed by radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The addition of TMZ to the conformal radiation therapy has improved the median survival time only from 12 months to 16 months in patients with glioblastoma. Despite these aggressive treatment strategies, patients' prognosis remains poor. This therapeutic failure is primarily attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts the transport of TMZ from reaching the tumor site. In recent years, nanomedicine has gained considerable attention among researchers and shown promising developments in clinical applications, including the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glioblastoma tumors. This review sheds light on the morphological and physiological complexity of the BBB. It also explains the development of nanomedicine strategies to enhance the permeability of drug molecules across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
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Fu A. Mitotherapy as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:41-49. [PMID: 31345157 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190920144115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrion is a multi-functional organelle that is mainly responsible for energy supply in the mammalian cells. Over 100 human diseases are attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial therapy (mitotherapy) aims to transfer functional exogenous mitochondria into mitochondria-defective cells for recovery of the cell viability and consequently, prevention of the disease progress. OBJECTIVE The review summarizes the evidence on exogenous mitochondria that can directly enter mammalian cells for disease therapy following local and intravenous administration, and suggests that when healthy cells donate their mitochondria to damaged cells, the mitochondrial transfer between cells serve as a new mode of cell rescue. Then the transferred mitochondria play their roles in recipient cells, including energy production and maintenance of cell function. CONCLUSION Mitotherapy makes the of modulation of cell survival possible, and it would be a potential therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Abstract
The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or RNA and replicating inside the host cell poses challenges in the development of antiviral therapeutics. In recent years, many new technologies have been explored for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infections. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies on account of its ability to deal with viral diseases in an effective manner, addressing the limitations of traditional antiviral medicines. It has not only helped us to overcome problems related to solubility and toxicity of drugs, but also imparted unique properties to drugs, which in turn has increased their potency and selectivity toward viral cells against the host cells. The initial part of the paper focuses on some important proteins of influenza, Ebola, HIV, herpes, Zika, dengue, and corona virus and those of the host cells important for their entry and replication into the host cells. This is followed by different types of nanomaterials which have served as delivery vehicles for the antiviral drugs. It includes various lipid-based, polymer-based, lipid-polymer hybrid-based, carbon-based, inorganic metal-based, surface-modified, and stimuli-sensitive nanomaterials and their application in antiviral therapeutics. The authors also highlight newer promising treatment approaches like nanotraps, nanorobots, nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanovaccines, and mathematical modeling for the future. The paper has been updated with the recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches in view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malobika Chakravarty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Buchroithner B, Mayr S, Hauser F, Priglinger E, Stangl H, Santa-Maria AR, Deli MA, Der A, Klar TA, Axmann M, Sivun D, Mairhofer M, Jacak J. Dual Channel Microfluidics for Mimicking the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2984-2993. [PMID: 33480670 PMCID: PMC7905877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution imaging is essential for analysis of the steps and way stations of cargo transport in in vitro models of the endothelium. In this study, we demonstrate a microfluidic system consisting of two channels horizontally separated by a cell-growth-promoting membrane. Its design allows for high-resolution (down to single-molecule level) imaging using a high numerical aperture objective with a short working distance. To reduce optical aberrations and enable single-molecule-sensitive imaging, an observation window was constructed in the membrane via laser cutting with subsequent structuring using 3D multiphoton lithography for improved cell growth. The upper channel was loaded with endothelial cells under flow conditions, which showed polarization and junction formation. A coculture of human vascular endothelial cells with pericytes was developed that mimics the blood-brain barrier. Finally, this dual channel microfluidics system enabled 3D localization microscopy of the cytoskeleton and 3D single-molecule-sensitive tracing of lipoprotein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Buchroithner
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sandra Mayr
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Fabian Hauser
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig
Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Institute
of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria A. Deli
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andras Der
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Axmann
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Mairhofer
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
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Azarmi M, Maleki H, Nikkam N, Malekinejad H. Transcellular brain drug delivery: A review on recent advancements. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lu X, Dong J, Zheng D, Li X, Ding D, Xu H. Reperfusion combined with intraarterial administration of resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles improved cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102208. [PMID: 32334100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been recommended as the first line therapy for large artery occlusion (LAO) stroke. However, abrupt recovery of blood flow induces oxidative stress which breaks down the blood-brain barrier (BBB), activates apoptosis and inhibits neurogenesis. Supplement of exogenous antioxidants to relieve the injuries related to oxidative stress is a rational treatment combined to EVT for acute LAO therapy. Resveratrol (RES), an antioxidant, was encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles (RES-NPs). In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rats, intraarterial administration of RES-NPs demonstrated significant protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. RES-NPs attenuated the oxidative stress induced by I/R, prevented brain edema, protected neurons from undergoing apoptosis, and contributed to neurogenesis through enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These results suggested that intra-arterial infusion of RES-NPs in conjunction with EVT could be a potential strategy for the LAO stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingde Dong
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huae Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Zhao Z, Yu Z, Hou Y, Zhang L, Fu A. Improvement of cognitive and motor performance with mitotherapy in aged mice. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:849-858. [PMID: 32071554 PMCID: PMC7019143 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial structure and function are mostly responsible for aging and age-related features. Whether healthy mitochondria could prevent aging is, however, unclear. Here we intravenously injected the mitochondria isolated from young mice into aged mice and investigated the mitotherapy on biochemistry metabolism and animal behaviors. The results showed that heterozygous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of both aged and young mouse coexisted in tissues of aged mice after mitochondrial administration, and meanwhile, ATP content in tissues increased while reactive oxygen species (ROS) level reduced. Besides, the mitotherapy significantly improved cognitive and motor performance of aged mice. Our study, at the first report in aged animals, not only provides a useful approach to study mitochondrial function associated with aging, but also a new insight into anti-aging through mitotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenyao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yixue Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Sarma A, Das MK. Nose to brain delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of neuroAIDS. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:15. [PMID: 34765998 PMCID: PMC7725542 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NeuroAIDS (Neuro Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) associated neuronal abnormality is continuing to be a significant health issue among AIDS patients even under the treatment of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Injury and damage to neurons of the brain are the prime causes of neuroAIDS, which happens due to the ingress of HIV by direct permeation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or else via peripherally infected macrophage into the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB performs as a stringent barricade for the delivery of therapeutics drugs. The intranasal route of drug administration exhibits as a non-invasive technique to bypass the BBB for the delivery of antiretroviral drugs and other active pharmaceutical ingredients inside the brain and CNS. This method is fruitful for the drugs that are unable to invade the BBB to show its action in the CNS and thus erase the demand of systemic delivery and thereby shrink systemic side effects. Drug delivery from the nose to the brain/CNS takes very less time through both olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Intranasal delivery does not require the involvement of any receptor as it occurs by an extracellular route. Nose to brain delivery also involves nasal associated lymphatic tissues (NALT) and deep cervical lymph nodes. However, very little research has been done to explore the utility of nose to brain delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of neuroAIDS. This review focuses on the potential of nasal route for the effective delivery of antiretroviral nanoformulations directly from nose to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sarma
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India.,Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026 India
| | - Malay K Das
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
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14
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A Role for Nanoparticles in Treating Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090473. [PMID: 31540234 PMCID: PMC6781280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of disability in children and young adults, as well as a significant concern for elderly individuals. Depending on the severity, TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. The primary brain injury can result in severe disability or fatality, and secondary brain damage can increase the complexities in cellular, inflammatory, neurochemical, and metabolic changes in the brain, which can last decades post-injury. Thus, survival from a TBI is often accompanied by lifelong disabilities. Despite the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, there are still no effective treatment options demonstrating an improved outcome in a large multi-center Phase III trial, which can be partially attributed to poor target engagement of delivered therapeutics. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies to overcome the biological barriers that would otherwise inhibit transport of materials into the brain to prevent the secondary long-term damage associated with TBI. The complex pathology of TBI involving the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited the development of effective therapeutics and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel strategies to target the BBB. The leaky BBB caused by a TBI may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NP). The focus of this review is to provide a survey of NP-based strategies employed in preclinical models of TBI and to provide insights for improved NP based diagnostic or treatment approaches. Both passive and active delivery of various NPs for TBI are discussed. Finally, potential therapeutic targets where improved NP-mediated delivery could increase target engagement are identified with the overall goal of providing insight into open opportunities for NP researchers to begin research in TBI.
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Zhu D, Long Q, Xu Y, Xing J. Evaluating Nanoparticles in Preclinical Research Using Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060414. [PMID: 31234335 PMCID: PMC6631852 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have found a wide range of applications in clinical therapeutic and diagnostic fields. However, currently most NPs are still in the preclinical evaluation phase with few approved for clinical use. Microfluidic systems can simulate dynamic fluid flows, chemical gradients, partitioning of multi-organs as well as local microenvironment controls, offering an efficient and cost-effective opportunity to fast screen NPs in physiologically relevant conditions. Here, in this review, we are focusing on summarizing key microfluidic platforms promising to mimic in vivo situations and test the performance of fabricated nanoparticles. Firstly, we summarize the key evaluation parameters of NPs which can affect their delivery efficacy, followed by highlighting the importance of microfluidic-based NP evaluation. Next, we will summarize main microfluidic systems effective in evaluating NP haemocompatibility, transport, uptake and toxicity, targeted accumulation and general efficacy respectively, and discuss the future directions for NP evaluation in microfluidic systems. The combination of nanoparticles and microfluidic technologies could greatly facilitate the development of drug delivery strategies and provide novel treatments and diagnostic techniques for clinically challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Qifu Long
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Jiangwa Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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16
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Xu Y, Lu S, Liu Q, Hong Y, Xu B, Ping Q, Jin X, Shen Y, Webster TJ, Rao Y. Preparation, intestinal segment stability, and mucoadhesion properties of novel thymopentin-loaded chitosan derivatives coated with poly (n-butyl) cyanoacrylate nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1659-1668. [PMID: 30880971 PMCID: PMC6404670 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to develop a promising carrier for the oral delivery of proteins and peptide drugs, a novel bioadhesive nanocarrier of chitosan (CTS) derivatives coated with poly (n-butyl) cyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PBCA-NPs) was prepared in this study. Methods Three different thymopentin (TP5)-loaded nanoparticles were prepared in the present study. TP5-PBCA-NPs were developed by modifying an emulsion polymerization method, and CTS and chitosan-glutathione (CG) derivative-coated PBCA nanoparticles were obtained from the electrostatic interactions between CTS or CG with negatively charged PBCA nanoparticles. Results The particle sizes of TP5-PBCA-NPs, TP5-CTS-PBCA-NPs, and TP5-CG-PBCA-NPs were 212.3±6.9, 274.6±8.2, and 310.4±7.5 nm, respectively, while the respective zeta potentials were -22.6±0.76, 23.3±1.2, and 34.6±1.6 mV with encapsulation efficiencies of 79.37%±2.15%, 74.21%±2.13%, and 72.65%±1.48%, respectively. An everted intestinal ring method indicated that drug stability was remarkably improved after incorporation into the nanoparticles, especially the CG-coated nanoparticles. The mucus layer retention rates for CTS- and CG-coated nanoparticles were 1.43 and 1.83 times that of the uncoated nanoparticles, respectively, using ex vivo mucosa. The in vivo mucoadhesion study illustrated that the transfer of uncoated PBCA-NPs from the stomach to the intestine was faster than that of CTS-PBCA-NPs and CG-PBCA-NPs, while the CG-PBCA-NPs presented the best intestinal retentive characteristic. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrated the feasibility and benefit of orally delivering peptide drugs using novel CTS derivative-coated nanoparticles with optimal stability and bioadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengzhe Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Bohui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qineng Ping
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuefeng Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| | - Yuefeng Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, .,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,
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Moura RP, Martins C, Pinto S, Sousa F, Sarmento B. Blood-brain barrier receptors and transporters: an insight on their function and how to exploit them through nanotechnology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:271-285. [PMID: 30767695 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1583205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly limiting barrier that prevents the brain from contacting with several circulating molecules, including harmful agents. However, certain systemic nutrients and macromolecules are able to cross the BBB and reach the brain parenchyma, involving the interaction with multiple receptors and/or transporters at the BBB surface. Nanotechnology allows the creation of drug vehicles, functionalized with targeting ligands for binding specific BBB receptors and/or transporters, hence triggering the transport through this biobarrier. AREAS COVERED This review focuses the BBB receptors/transporters to be exploited in regard to their overall structure and biologic function, as well as their role in the development of strategies envisaging drug delivery to the brain. Then, the interplay between the targeting of these BBB receptors/transporters and nanotechnology is explored, as they can increase by several-fold the effectiveness of brain-targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicine may be particularly useful in brain drug delivery, mainly due to the possibility of functionalizing nanoparticles to target specific receptors/transporters. Since the BBB is endowed with numerous receptors and transporters responsible for regulating the proper metabolic activity of the brain, their targeting can be a promising bypass strategy to circumvent the hurdle that the BBB represents for brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Moura
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Flávia Sousa
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal.,b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal.,b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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18
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Nabi B, Rehman S, Khan S, Baboota S, Ali J. Ligand conjugation: An emerging platform for enhanced brain drug delivery. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:384-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Hajal C, Campisi M, Mattu C, Chiono V, Kamm RD. In vitro models of molecular and nano-particle transport across the blood-brain barrier. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042213. [PMID: 29887937 PMCID: PMC5980570 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the tightest endothelial barrier in humans. Characterized by the presence of tight endothelial junctions and adherens junctions, the primary function of the BBB is to maintain brain homeostasis through the control of solute transit across the barrier. The specific features of this barrier make for unique modes of transport of solutes, nanoparticles, and cells across the BBB. Understanding the different routes of traffic adopted by each of these is therefore critical in the development of targeted therapies. In an attempt to move towards controlled experimental assays, multiple groups are now opting for the use of microfluidic systems. A comprehensive understanding of bio-transport processes across the BBB in microfluidic devices is therefore necessary to develop targeted and efficient therapies for a host of diseases ranging from neurological disorders to the spread of metastases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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20
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Bramini M, Alberini G, Colombo E, Chiacchiaretta M, DiFrancesco ML, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Interfacing Graphene-Based Materials With Neural Cells. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29695956 PMCID: PMC5904258 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed an exponential increase in the applications of graphene and graphene-based materials in a wide range of fields, from engineering to electronics to biotechnologies and biomedical applications. For what concerns neuroscience, the interest raised by these materials is two-fold. On one side, nanosheets made of graphene or graphene derivatives (graphene oxide, or its reduced form) can be used as carriers for drug delivery. Here, an important aspect is to evaluate their toxicity, which strongly depends on flake composition, chemical functionalization and dimensions. On the other side, graphene can be exploited as a substrate for tissue engineering. In this case, conductivity is probably the most relevant amongst the various properties of the different graphene materials, as it may allow to instruct and interrogate neural networks, as well as to drive neural growth and differentiation, which holds a great potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the accomplishments and new challenges of the field, as well as which in our view are the most exciting directions to take in the immediate future. These include the need to engineer multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) able to cross the blood-brain-barrier to reach neural cells, and to achieve on-demand delivery of specific drugs. We describe the state-of-the-art in the use of graphene materials to engineer three-dimensional scaffolds to drive neuronal growth and regeneration in vivo, and the possibility of using graphene as a component of hybrid composites/multi-layer organic electronics devices. Last but not least, we address the need of an accurate theoretical modeling of the interface between graphene and biological material, by modeling the interaction of graphene with proteins and cell membranes at the nanoscale, and describing the physical mechanism(s) of charge transfer by which the various graphene materials can influence the excitability and physiology of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia L DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - José F Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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21
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Zhou Y, Peng Z, Seven ES, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 270:290-303. [PMID: 29269142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most essential protection mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). It selectively allows individual molecules such as small lipid-soluble molecules to pass through the capillary endothelial membrane while limiting the passage of pathogens or toxins. However, this protection mechanism is also a major obstacle during disease state since it dramatically hinders the drug delivery. In recent years, various tactics have been applied to assist drugs to cross the BBB including osmotic disruption of the BBB and chemical modification of prodrugs. Additionally, nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery is emerging as an effective and non-invasive system to treat cerebral diseases. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the advances in the drug delivery across the BBB using various NPs in the last decade. The NPs will cover both traditional and novel nanocarriers. The traditional nanocarriers consist of poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) NPs, liposomes and inorganic systems. In the meanwhile, novel nanocarriers such as carbon quantum dots with their recent applications in drug delivery will also be introduced. In terms of significance, this review clearly depicts the BBB structure and comprehensively describes various NPs-mediated drug delivery systems according to different NPs species. Also, the BBB penetration mechanisms are concluded in general, emphasized and investigated in each drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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22
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Varghese NM, Senthil V, Saxena SK. Nanocarriers for brain specific delivery of anti-retro viral drugs: challenges and achievements. J Drug Target 2017; 26:195-207. [PMID: 28866957 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1374389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic and the deleterious effects of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain cannot be overlooked. Though the current anti-retro viral therapy is able to reduce the virus load in the peripheral tissues of the body, the inability of the anti-retro viral drugs to cross the blood brain barrier, as such, limits its therapeutic effect in the brain. The development of newer, successful nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to enhance the feasibility of the anti-retro viral drugs to the brain, offers a novel strategy to treat the AIDS-related neuronal degradation. This review summarised the neuropathogenesis of neuroAIDS, the challenges and achievements made in the delivery of therapeutics across the BBB and the use of nanocarriers as a safe and effective way for delivering anti-retro viral drugs to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Mary Varghese
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Venkatachalam Senthil
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- b Centre for Advance Research (CFAR) , King George's Medical University (KGMU) , Lucknow , India
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23
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Fang F, Zou D, Wang W, Yin Y, Yin T, Hao S, Wang B, Wang G, Wang Y. Non-invasive approaches for drug delivery to the brain based on the receptor mediated transport. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1316-1327. [PMID: 28482500 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents entry of toxic compounds into brain for preserving homeostasis. However, the BBB also strictly limits influx of most therapeutic agents into the brain. One promising method for overcoming this problem to deliver drugs is receptor mediated transport (RMT) system, which employs the vesicular trafficking machinery to transport substrates across the BBB endothelium in a noninvasive manner. The conjugates of drug or drug-loaded vector linked with appropriate ligands specifically binds to the endogenous targeting receptor on the surface of the endothelial cells. Then drugs could enter the cell body by means of transcytosis and eventual releasing into the brain parenchyma. Over the past 20years, there have been significant developments of RMT targeting strategies. Here, we will review the recent advance of various promising RMT systems and discuss the capability of these approaches for drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-rheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba Street 174, Chongqing 404100, China.
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Agarwal M, Sahoo AK, Bose B. Receptor-Mediated Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Using Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain of Diphtheria Toxin. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:23-30. [PMID: 27959571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies and peptides are often used to home nanoparticles (NPs) to specific cells. Here in this work, we have used recombinant receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin (RDT) as a homing molecule for NPs. Diphtheria toxin binds to heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) through its receptor-binding domain. HB-EGF is often overexpressed as cell surface molecule in various types of cancer. We have prepared monodispersed, spherical PLGA NPs and coated these NPs with RDT. These NPs are characterized by FESEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that coating with RDT increases cellular uptake of PLGA NPs. We further show that RDT-coated nanoparticles are internalized through clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis that can be reduced by specific inhibitor. These RDT-coated nanoparticles (RDT-NP) were further used for preferential delivery of Irinotecan, a chemotherapeutic agent, to cells overexpressing HB-EGF. We show that receptor-mediated enhanced uptake of RDT-NPs increases the potency of irinotecan in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biplab Bose
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
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25
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Pinto MP, Arce M, Yameen B, Vilos C. Targeted brain delivery nanoparticles for malignant gliomas. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 12:59-72. [PMID: 27876436 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors display the highest mortality rates of all childhood cancers, and over the last decade its prevalence has steadily increased in elderly. To date, effective treatments for brain tumors and particularly for malignant gliomas remain a challenge mainly due to the low permeability and high selectivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to conventional anticancer drugs. In recent years, the elucidation of the cellular mechanisms involved in the transport of substances into the brain has boosted the development of therapeutic-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) with the ability to cross the BBB. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the available therapeutic strategies developed against malignant gliomas based on 'actively targeted' NPs, the challenges of crossing the BBB and blood-brain tumor barrier as well as its mechanisms and a critical assessment of clinical studies that have used targeted NPs for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Finally, we discuss the potential of actively targeted NP-based strategies in clinical settings, its possible side effects and future directions for therapeutic applications. First draft submitted: 4 October 2016; Accepted for publication: 14 October 2016; Published online: 23 November 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio P Pinto
- Laboratory of Immunology of Reproduction, Faculty of Chemistry & Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Arce
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Basit Yameen
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Targeted Delivery, Center for Integrative Medicine & Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370071 Santiago, Chile.,Center for Bioinformatics & Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370071 Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
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26
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Concepts, technologies, and practices for drug delivery past the blood–brain barrier to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2016; 240:251-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Banerjee J, Shi Y, Azevedo HS. In vitro blood–brain barrier models for drug research: state-of-the-art and new perspectives on reconstituting these models on artificial basement membrane platforms. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1367-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI. In vitro screening of nanomedicines through the blood brain barrier: A critical review. Biomaterials 2016; 103:229-255. [PMID: 27392291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier accounts for the high attrition rate of the treatments of most brain disorders, which therefore remain one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty first century. Against this background of hindrance to brain delivery, nanomedicine takes advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials to provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging or therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, to prevent later failure due to ineffective drug levels at the target site, researchers have been endeavoring to develop a battery of in vitro screening procedures that can predict earlier in the drug discovery process the ability of these cutting-edge drug delivery platforms to cross the blood-brain barrier for biomedical purposes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the currently available in vitro blood-brain barrier models (both cell-based and non-cell-based) with the focus on their suitability for understanding the biological brain distribution of forthcoming nanomedicines. The relationship between experimental factors and underlying physiological assumptions that would ultimately lead to a more predictive capacity of their in vivo performance, and those methods already assayed for the evaluation of the brain distribution of nanomedicines are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Biodistribution of negatively charged iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in mice and enhanced brain delivery using lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1775-1784. [PMID: 27125435 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of brain disorders requires a focus on improving drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we examined the pharmacokinetic properties of negatively charged iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the capability of using lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to transiently disrupt the tight junctions and allow IONPs to enter the brain. Under normal conditions, IONPs had a plasma half-life of six minutes, with the liver and spleen being the major organs of deposition. Treatment with LPA enhanced accumulation of IONPs in the brain and spleen (approximately 4-fold vs. control). LPA and IONP treated mice revealed no sign of peripheral immune cell infiltration in the brain and no significant activation of microglia or astrocytes. These studies show improved delivery efficiency of IONPs following LPA administration. Our findings suggest transient disruption of the BBB may be a safe and effective method for increasing IONP delivery to the brain.
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30
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On NH, Yathindranath V, Sun Z, Miller DW. Pathways for Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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31
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Tosi G, Vilella A, Veratti P, Belletti D, Pederzoli F, Ruozi B, Vandelli MA, Zoli M, Forni F. Exploiting Bacterial Pathways for BBB Crossing with PLGA Nanoparticles Modified with a Mutated Form of Diphtheria Toxin (CRM197): In Vivo Experiments. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3672-84. [PMID: 26312414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drugs can be targeted to the brain using polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) engineered on their surface with ligands able to allow crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This article aims to investigate the BBB crossing efficiency of polymeric poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) NPs modified with a mutated form of diphtheria toxin (CRM197) in comparison with the results previously obtained using PLGA NPs modified with a glycopeptide (g7-NPs). Different kinds of NPs, covalently coupled PLGA with different fluorescent probes (DY405, rhodamine-B base and DY675) and different ligands (g7 and CRM197) were tested in vivo to assess their behavior and trafficking. The results highlighted the possibility to distinguish the different kinds of simultaneously administered NPs and to emphasize that CRM-197 modified NPs and g7-NPs can cross the BBB at a similar extent. The analysis of BBB crossing and of the neuronal tropism of CRM197 modified NPs, along with their BBB crossing pathways were also developed. In vivo pharmacological studies performed on CRM197 engineered NPs, loaded with loperamide, underlined their ability as drug carriers to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tosi
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - P Veratti
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - D Belletti
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - F Pederzoli
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Ruozi
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - M A Vandelli
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - M Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - F Forni
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41124 Modena, Italy
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32
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Zhan C, Li C, Wei X, Lu W, Lu W. Toxins and derivatives in molecular pharmaceutics: Drug delivery and targeted therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 90:101-18. [PMID: 25959429 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein and peptide toxins offer an invaluable source for the development of actively targeted drug delivery systems. They avidly bind to a variety of cognate receptors, some of which are expressed or even up-regulated in diseased tissues and biological barriers. Protein and peptide toxins or their derivatives can act as ligands to facilitate tissue- or organ-specific accumulation of therapeutics. Some toxins have evolved from a relatively small number of structural frameworks that are particularly suitable for addressing the crucial issues of potency and stability, making them an instrumental source of leads and templates for targeted therapy. The focus of this review is on protein and peptide toxins for the development of targeted drug delivery systems and molecular therapies. We summarize disease- and biological barrier-related toxin receptors, as well as targeted drug delivery strategies inspired by those receptors. The design of new therapeutics based on protein and peptide toxins is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University & Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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33
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Hu Y, Lin X, Wang P, Xue YX, Li Z, Liu LB, Yu B, Feng TD, Liu YH. CRM197 in Combination With shRNA Interference of VCAM-1 Displays Enhanced Inhibitory Effects on Human Glioblastoma Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1713-28. [PMID: 25201410 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CRM197 is a naturally nontoxic diphtheria toxin mutant that binds and inhibits heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. CRM197 serves as carrier protein for vaccine and other therapeutic agents. CRM197 also inhibits the growth, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis in various tumors. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is an important cell surface adhesion molecule associated with malignancy of gliomas. In this work, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of CRM197 combined with shRNA interference of VCAM-1 (shRNA-VCAM-1) on the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cells were treated with CRM197 (10 µg/ml) and shRNA interfering technology was employed to silence VCAM-1 expression. Cell viability, migration, invasiveness, and apoptosis were assessed with CCK8, Transwell and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining. Activation of cleaved caspase-3, 8, and 9, activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9), and expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were also checked. Results showed that CRM197 and shRNA-VCAM-1 not only significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, but also promoted the apoptosis of U87 and U251 cells. Combined treatment of both displayed enhanced inhibitory effects on the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells. The activation of cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 was promoted, activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and expression of p-Akt were inhibited significantly by the treatment of CRM197 and shRNA-VCAM-1 alone or in combination, indicating that the combination of CRM197 with shRNA-VCAM-1 additively inhibited the malignant behavior of human glioblastoma cells via activating caspase-3, 8, 9 as well as inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, and Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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34
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From naturally-occurring neurotoxic agents to CNS shuttles for drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 74:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Gao S, Xu Y, Asghar S, Chen M, Zou L, Eltayeb S, Huo M, Ping Q, Xiao Y. Polybutylcyanoacrylate nanocarriers as promising targeted drug delivery systems. J Drug Target 2015; 23:481-96. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Wang X, Yu X, Vaughan W, Liu M, Guan Y. Novel drug-delivery approaches to the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:257-64. [PMID: 25595370 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis by blocking toxic molecules from the circulation, but drugs are blocked at the same time. When the dose is increased to enhance the drug concentration in the central nervous system, there are side-effects on peripheral organs. In recent years, genetic therapeutic agents and small molecules have been used in various strategies to penetrate the BBB while minimizing the damage to systemic organs. In this review, we describe several representative methods to circumvent or cross the BBB, including chemical and physical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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37
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Nanoparticles and the blood-brain barrier: advancing from in-vitro models towards therapeutic significance. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1161-85. [PMID: 25446769 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique cell-based restrictive barrier that prevents the entry of many substances, including most therapeutics, into the central nervous system. A wide range of nanoparticulate delivery systems have been investigated with the aim of targeting therapeutics (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins) to the brain following administration by various routes. This review provides a comprehensive description of the design and formulation of these nanoparticles including the rationale behind individual approaches. In addition, the ability of currently available in-vitro BBB models to accurately predict the in-vivo performance of targeted nanoparticles is critically assessed.
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38
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Kuo YC, Liu YC. Cardiolipin-incorporated liposomes with surface CRM197 for enhancing neuronal survival against neurotoxicity. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:334-44. [PMID: 24999054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CRM197-grafted liposomes containing cardiolipin (CL) (CRM197/CL-liposomes) were used to enhance the permeability of neuron growth factor (NGF) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for promoting the neuroprotective effect of NGF. CRM197/CL-liposoms were incubated with a monolayer of human astrocyte (HA)-regulated human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and employed to rescue SK-N-MC cells with insult of fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (1-42) (Aβ1-42). An increase in the CL mole percentage enhanced the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, NGF entrapment efficiency, CRM197 grafting efficiency, viability of HBMECs, HAs, and SK-N-MC cells, and BBB permeability of propidium iodide (PI) and NGF, and reduced the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, an increase in the CRM197 weight percentage increased the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, viability of HBMECs and HAs, and BBB permeability of PI and NGF, and decreased the CRM197 grafting efficiency and TEER. CRM197/CL-liposomes have the ability to target the BBB and to reduce neurotoxicity of Aβ142 and can be promising formulations for treating Alzheimer's disease in future medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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39
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Kuo YC, Wang LJ. Transferrin-grafted catanionic solid lipid nanoparticles for targeting delivery of saquinavir to the brain. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Kumar L, Verma S, Prasad DN, Bhardwaj A, Vaidya B, Jain AK. Nanotechnology: a magic bullet for HIV AIDS treatment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 43:71-86. [PMID: 24564348 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.883400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become devastating in last a few years. Nearly 7400 new infection cases are coming every day. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which involves combination of at least three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, has been used to extend the life span of the HIV-infected patients. HAART has played an important role to reduce mortality rate in the developed countries but in the developing countries condition is still worst with millions of people being infected by this disease. For the improvement of the situation, nanotechnology-based drug system has been explored for the HIV therapeutics. Nanosystems used for HIV therapeutics offer some unique advantage like enhancement of bioavailability, water solubility, stability, and targeting ability of ARV drugs. Main nanotechnology-based systems explored for HIV therapeutics are liposomes, nanoparticles, niosomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers. Present manuscript reviews conventional method of HIV therapeutics and recent advances in the field of nanotechnology-based systems for treatment of HIV-AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shivalik College of Pharmacy , Punjab , India
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41
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Insight on the fate of CNS-targeted nanoparticles. Part I: Rab5-dependent cell-specific uptake and distribution. J Control Release 2013; 174:195-201. [PMID: 24316476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers can be useful tools for delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). Their distribution within the brain and their interaction with CNS cells must be assessed accurately before they can be proposed for therapeutic use. In this paper, we investigated these issues by employing poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (NPs) specifically engineered with a glycopeptide (g7) conferring to NPs the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) at a concentration of up to 10% of the injected dose. g7-NPs display increased in vitro uptake in neurons and glial cells. Our results show that in vivo administration of g7-NPs leads to a region- and cell type-specific enrichment of NPs within the brain. We provide evidence that g7-NPs are endocytosed in a clathrin-dependent manner and transported into a specific subset of early endosomes positive for Rab5 in vitro and in vivo. The differential Rab5 expression level is strictly correlated with the amount of g7-NP accumulation. These findings show that g7-NPs can cross the BBB and target specific brain cell populations, suggesting that these NPs can be promising carriers for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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42
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Hiremath J, Rajeshkumar A, Ickowicz D, Domb A. Preparation and in vitro characterization of paclitaxel containing poly(lactic acid co-castor oil)-based nanodispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Omidi Y, Barar J. Impacts of blood-brain barrier in drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 2:5-22. [PMID: 23678437 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Entry of blood circulating agents into the brain is highly selectively con-trolled by specific transport machineries at the blood brain barrier (BBB), whose excellent barrier restrictiveness make brain drug delivery and targeting very challenging. METHODS Essential information on BBB cellular microenvironment were reviewed and discussed towards impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting. RESULTS Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form unique biological structure and architecture in association with astrocytes and pericytes, in which microenvironment the BCECs express restrictive tight junctional complexes that block the paracellular inward/outward traverse of biomolecules/compounds. These cells selectively/specifically control the transportation process through carrier and/or receptor mediated transport machineries that can also be exploited for the delivery of pharmaceuticals into the brain. Intelligent molecular therapies should be designed using such transport machineries for the efficient delivery of designated drugs into the brain. For better clinical outcomes, these smart pharmaceuticals should be engineered as seamless nanosystems to provide simultaneous imaging and therapy (multimodal theranostics). CONCLUSION The exceptional functional presence of BBB selectively controls inward and outward transportation mechanisms, thus advanced smart multifunctional nanomedicines are needed for the effective brain drug delivery and targeting. Fully understanding the biofunctions of BBB appears to be a central step for engineering of intelligent seamless therapeutics consisting of homing device for targeting, imaging moiety for detecting, and stimuli responsive device for on-demand liberation of therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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