1
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Bredeson JV, Mudd AB, Medina-Ruiz S, Mitros T, Smith OK, Miller KE, Lyons JB, Batra SS, Park J, Berkoff KC, Plott C, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Aguirre-Figueroa G, Khokha MK, Lane M, Philipp I, Laslo M, Hanken J, Kerdivel G, Buisine N, Sachs LM, Buchholz DR, Kwon T, Smith-Parker H, Gridi-Papp M, Ryan MJ, Denton RD, Malone JH, Wallingford JB, Straight AF, Heald R, Hockemeyer D, Harland RM, Rokhsar DS. Conserved chromatin and repetitive patterns reveal slow genome evolution in frogs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:579. [PMID: 38233380 PMCID: PMC10794172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Frogs are an ecologically diverse and phylogenetically ancient group of anuran amphibians that include important vertebrate cell and developmental model systems, notably the genus Xenopus. Here we report a high-quality reference genome sequence for the western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, along with draft chromosome-scale sequences of three distantly related emerging model frog species, Eleutherodactylus coqui, Engystomops pustulosus, and Hymenochirus boettgeri. Frog chromosomes have remained remarkably stable since the Mesozoic Era, with limited Robertsonian (i.e., arm-preserving) translocations and end-to-end fusions found among the smaller chromosomes. Conservation of synteny includes conservation of centromere locations, marked by centromeric tandem repeats associated with Cenp-a binding surrounded by pericentromeric LINE/L1 elements. This work explores the structure of chromosomes across frogs, using a dense meiotic linkage map for X. tropicalis and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) data for all species. Abundant satellite repeats occupy the unusually long (~20 megabase) terminal regions of each chromosome that coincide with high rates of recombination. Both embryonic and differentiated cells show reproducible associations of centromeric chromatin and of telomeres, reflecting a Rabl-like configuration. Our comparative analyses reveal 13 conserved ancestral anuran chromosomes from which contemporary frog genomes were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessen V Bredeson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- DOE-Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Austin B Mudd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sofia Medina-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Therese Mitros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Owen Kabnick Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center 409, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA
| | - Kelly E Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica B Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sanjit S Batra
- Computer Science Division, University of California Berkeley, 2626 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kodiak C Berkoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Plott
- HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Guadalupe Aguirre-Figueroa
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center 409, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Maura Lane
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Isabelle Philipp
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mara Laslo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gwenneg Kerdivel
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR 7221 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR 7221 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laurent M Sachs
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR 7221 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heidi Smith-Parker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Marcos Gridi-Papp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Robert D Denton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 181 Auditorium Road, Unit 3197, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - John H Malone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 181 Auditorium Road, Unit 3197, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aaron F Straight
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center 409, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA
| | - Rebecca Heald
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Richard M Harland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- DOE-Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan.
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2
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Herbst CT, Prigge T, Garcia M, Hampala V, Hofer R, Weissengruber GE, Svec JG, Fitch WT. Domestic cat larynges can produce purring frequencies without neural input. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4727-4732.e4. [PMID: 37794583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Most mammals produce vocal sounds according to the myoelastic-aerodynamic (MEAD) principle, through self-sustaining oscillation of laryngeal tissues.1,2 In contrast, cats have long been believed to produce their low-frequency purr vocalizations through a radically different mechanism involving active muscle contractions (AMC), where neurally driven electromyographic burst patterns (typically at 20-30 Hz) cause the intrinsic laryngeal muscles to actively modulate the respiratory airflow. Direct empirical evidence for this AMC mechanism is sparse.3 Here, the fundamental frequency (fo) ranges of eight domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) were investigated in an excised larynx setup, to test the prediction of the AMC hypothesis that vibration should be impossible without neuromuscular activity, and thus unattainable in excised larynx setups, which are based on MEAD principles. Surprisingly, all eight excised larynges produced self-sustained oscillations at typical cat purring rates. Histological analysis of cat larynges revealed the presence of connective tissue masses, up to 4 mm in diameter, embedded in the vocal fold.4 This vocal fold specialization appears to allow the unusually low fo values observed in purring. While our data do not fully reject the AMC hypothesis for purring, they show that cat larynges can easily produce sounds in the purr regime with fundamental frequencies of 25 to 30 Hz without neural input or muscular contraction. This strongly suggests that the physical and physiological basis of cat purring involves the same MEAD-based mechanisms as other cat vocalizations (e.g., meows) and most other vertebrate vocalizations but is potentially augmented by AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Herbst
- Bioacoustics Laboratory, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030, Austria; Janette Ogg Voice Research Center, Shenandoah Conservatory, 1460 University Drive, Winchester, VA 22601, USA.
| | - Tamara Prigge
- Institute of Morphology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maxime Garcia
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, Box 219, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Vit Hampala
- Voice Research Lab, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Riccardo Hofer
- Bioacoustics Laboratory, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Gerald E Weissengruber
- Institute of Morphology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Jan G Svec
- Voice Research Lab, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - W Tecumseh Fitch
- Bioacoustics Laboratory, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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3
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Maria B, Tonini JF, Rebouças R, Toledo LF. Hidden shifts in allometry scaling between sound production and perception in anurans. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16322. [PMID: 37941929 PMCID: PMC10629387 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal communication consists of signal production and perception, which are crucial for social interactions. The main form used by anurans is auditory communication, in most cases produced as advertisement calls. Furthermore, sound perception happens mainly through an external tympanic membrane, and plays an important role in social behavior. In this study, we evaluated the influence of body and tympanic membrane sizes on call frequency across the phylogeny of anurans. Methods We use data on snout-vent length, tympanic membrane diameter, and dominant frequency of the advertisement call from the literature and from natural history museum collections. We mapped these traits across the anuran phylogeny and tested different models of diversification. Our final dataset includes data on body size, tympanic membrane size, and call dominant frequency of 735 anuran species. Results The best explanatory model includes body and tympanum size with no interaction term. Although our results show that call frequency is strongly constrained by body and tympanum size, we identify five evolutionary shifts in allometry from that ancestral constraint. We relate these evolutionary shifts to the background noise experienced by populations. Body size is important for myriad ecological interactions and tympanum size is strongly associated with female call frequency preferences. Thus, allometric escape in frog calls might arise through environmental selection such as breeding in fast flowing or soundscape competition, as well as sexual selection linked to tympanum size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João F.R. Tonini
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Raoni Rebouças
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Anfíbios, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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4
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Yamoah EN, Pavlinkova G, Fritzsch B. The Development of Speaking and Singing in Infants May Play a Role in Genomics and Dementia in Humans. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 37626546 PMCID: PMC10452560 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the central auditory system, including the auditory cortex and other areas involved in processing sound, is shaped by genetic and environmental factors, enabling infants to learn how to speak. Before explaining hearing in humans, a short overview of auditory dysfunction is provided. Environmental factors such as exposure to sound and language can impact the development and function of the auditory system sound processing, including discerning in speech perception, singing, and language processing. Infants can hear before birth, and sound exposure sculpts their developing auditory system structure and functions. Exposing infants to singing and speaking can support their auditory and language development. In aging humans, the hippocampus and auditory nuclear centers are affected by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, resulting in memory and auditory processing difficulties. As the disease progresses, overt auditory nuclear center damage occurs, leading to problems in processing auditory information. In conclusion, combined memory and auditory processing difficulties significantly impact people's ability to communicate and engage with their societal essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | | | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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5
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Darragh K, Linden TA, Ramírez SR. Seasonal stability and species specificity of environmentally acquired chemical mating signals in orchid bees. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:675-686. [PMID: 36820763 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Traits that mediate reproductive isolation between species, such as those involved in mate choice and/or recognition, are predicted to experience stabilizing selection towards the species mean. Male orchid bees collect chemical compounds from many sources, such as plants and fungi, which they use as a perfume signal (pheromone) during courtship display, and are suggested to contribute to reproductive isolation between species. Environmentally acquired signals are more prone to variation as source availability can vary through space and time. If orchid bee perfumes are important for reproductive isolation between species, we expect them to exhibit stable species-specific differences in time and space. Here, we describe phenotypic patterns of inter- and intraspecific variation in the male perfumes of three sympatric species of Euglossa orchid bees across an entire year, investigating both their seasonality and species specificity. Our analysis revealed considerable within-species variation in perfumes. However, species specificity was maintained consistently throughout the year, supporting the idea that these perfumes could play an important role in reproductive isolation and are experiencing stabilizing selection towards a species mean. Our analysis also identified strong correlations in the abundance of some compounds, possibly due to shared collection sources between species. Our study suggests that orchid bee perfumes are robust in the face of environmental changes in resource availability and thus can maintain reproductive isolation between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Darragh
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tess A Linden
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Santiago R Ramírez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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6
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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7
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Crews D. Unfinished business. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:99-102. [PMID: 34570420 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At the time of my retirement there were two topics that I considered unfinished business. The first is the Evolution of Sex Differences and the second, the she-male controversy in the Canadian red-sided snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). These questions are developed in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crews
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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8
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de La Vega B, Pombal JP, Hepp F. Description and evolution of the larynx of the Physalaemus olfersii species group, with remarks on the laryngeal anatomy of the P. cuvieri clade (Amphibia: Anura: Leiuperinae). J Anat 2021; 239:557-582. [PMID: 33817810 PMCID: PMC8349454 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anuran larynx is an organ of great evolutionary interest because it impacts male reproductive success in courtships. However, little is known about the diversity of the larynx's anatomy, evolutionary history and systematics importance. Here, we describe and compare the anatomy of the larynx of 10 Physalaemus species of the P. cuvieri clade, focusing on the P. olfersii species group. We also reconstructed the ancestral states and tested the phylogenetic signal for the anatomical features. In all the species, the larynx has a general globular shape with the arytenoid cartilages covering almost its entire dorsal surface, while the anterior process of the cricoid cartilages covers most of the ventral surface. The size of the secondary fibrous mass, the thickness of the vocal membrane, and the attachment position of the vocal membrane's free edge considerably differ among the species. Moreover, only four species of a single clade in the P. olfersii species group have the primary fibrous mass well-developed with a suspended region in the dorsolateral passage. We found a significant phylogenetic signal for all these characters. Ancestral reconstructions pointed to reduction tendencies in the thickness of the vocal membrane and the size of the secondary fibrous mass, and a shift of the ventral attachment of the vocal membrane, increasing the angle of its free edge along the phylogeny. This latter trait can diagnose the entire Physalaemus olfersii group, which has the ventral ends of the arytenoids positioned posteriorly, giving this group the steepest angles for the vocal membrane's free edge in relation to the frontal plane. Based on our results, the larynges can contribute to the Physalaemus olfersii species group's systematics and could be elucidative to understand the evolution of the genus. High levels of anatomical and bioacoustical complexity and diversity observed in the group support the expected correlation between vocal anatomy and bioacoustical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo de La Vega
- Departamento de ZoologiaLaboratório de Anfíbios e RépteisUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
- Departamento de VertebradosMuseu NacionalUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - José P. Pombal
- Departamento de VertebradosMuseu NacionalUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Fábio Hepp
- Departamento de ZoologiaLaboratório de Anfíbios e RépteisUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
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9
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Tamura N, Boonkhaw P, Prayoon U, Phan QT, Yu P, Liu X, Hayashi F. Geographical variation in squirrel mating calls and their recognition limits in the widely distributed species complex. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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South KE, Klingenberg B, Leininger EC. A novel degree of sex difference in laryngeal physiology of Xenopus muelleri: behavioral and evolutionary implications. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.231712. [PMID: 34424964 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing sex and species differences in muscle physiology can contribute to a better understanding of proximate mechanisms underlying behavioral evolution. In Xenopus, the laryngeal muscle's ability to contract rapidly and its electromyogram potentiation allows males to produce calls that are more rapid and intensity-modulated than female calls. Prior comparative studies have shown that some species lacking typical male features of vocalizations sometimes show reduced sex differences in underlying laryngeal physiology. To further understand the evolution of sexually differentiated laryngeal muscle physiology and its role in generating behavior, we investigated sex differences in the laryngeal physiology of X. muelleri, a species in which male and female calls are similar in rapidity but different with respect to intensity modulation. We delivered ethologically relevant stimulus patterns to ex vivo X. muelleri larynges to investigate their ability to produce various call patterns, and we also delivered stimuli over a broader range of intervals to assess sex differences in muscle tension and electromyogram potentiation. We found a small but statistically significant sex difference in laryngeal electromyogram potentiation that varied depending on the number of stimuli. We also found a small interaction between sex and stimulus interval on muscle tension over an ethologically relevant range of stimulus intervals; male larynges were able to produce similar tensions to female larynges at slightly smaller (11-12 ms) inter-stimulus intervals. These findings are consistent with behavioral observations and present a previously undescribed intermediate sex difference in Xenopus laryngeal muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E South
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Bernhard Klingenberg
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.,Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
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11
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Darragh K, Montejo‐Kovacevich G, Kozak KM, Morrison CR, Figueiredo CME, Ready JS, Salazar C, Linares M, Byers KJRP, Merrill RM, McMillan WO, Schulz S, Jiggins CD. Species specificity and intraspecific variation in the chemical profiles of Heliconius butterflies across a large geographic range. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3895-3918. [PMID: 32489619 PMCID: PMC7244815 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In many animals, mate choice is important for the maintenance of reproductive isolation between species. Traits important for mate choice and behavioral isolation are predicted to be under strong stabilizing selection within species; however, such traits can also exhibit variation at the population level driven by neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes. Here, we describe patterns of divergence among androconial and genital chemical profiles at inter- and intraspecific levels in mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Most variation in chemical bouquets was found between species, but there were also quantitative differences at the population level. We found a strong correlation between interspecific chemical and genetic divergence, but this correlation varied in intraspecific comparisons. We identified "indicator" compounds characteristic of particular species that included compounds already known to elicit a behavioral response, suggesting an approach for identification of candidate compounds for future behavioral studies in novel systems. Overall, the strong signal of species identity suggests a role for these compounds in species recognition, but with additional potentially neutral variation at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Darragh
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | | | | | - Colin R. Morrison
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Jonathan S. Ready
- Institute for Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémBrazil
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology ProgramFaculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversidad del RosarioBogotaColombia
| | - Mauricio Linares
- Biology ProgramFaculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversidad del RosarioBogotaColombia
| | - Kelsey J. R. P. Byers
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
| | - Richard M. Merrill
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
- Division of Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | | | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama
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12
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Searfoss AM, Pino JC, Creanza N. Chipper: Open‐source software for semi‐automated segmentation and analysis of birdsong and other natural sounds. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M. Searfoss
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - James C. Pino
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Nicole Creanza
- Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
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13
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Gammon DE, Corsiglia AM. Mockingbirds imitate frogs and toads across North America. Behav Processes 2019; 169:103982. [PMID: 31586643 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vocal mimicry is taxonomically widespread among birds, but little is known about mimicry of non-avian models. Prior studies show preferential imitation of avian models whose sounds are acoustically similar to the non-imitative songs of the vocal mimic. Based on these studies and anecdotes about frog imitations by northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), we hypothesized which anuran models would be most likely to get imitated by mockingbirds across their geographic range. We tested our hypothesis using >40 h of archived mockingbird recordings. Our results showed that mockingbirds imitated at least 12 anuran species, and calls were disproportionately mimicked when they contained dominant frequencies within the vocal range of the mockingbird (750-7000 Hz). Mockingbirds also frequently modified model anuran sounds by leaving out formants and/or truncating call duration. Our results represent the most comprehensive survey for any mimicking species of the imitation of anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gammon
- Biology Department, Elon University, Elon, NC, 27244, United States.
| | - Anna M Corsiglia
- Biology Department, Elon University, Elon, NC, 27244, United States
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14
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McClelland BE, Ryan MJ, Wilczynski W. Does sexual dimorphism vary by population? Laryngeal and ear anatomy in cricket frogs. Curr Zool 2019; 65:343-352. [PMID: 31263493 PMCID: PMC6595425 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic communication in many anuran species can show the effects of both natural and sexual selection. This is reflected in the sexually dimorphic anatomy of the larynx and ear structures, as well as the allometric relationship of these morphological traits to head or body size. In this study, we examined laryngeal and ear structures of cricket frogs Acris crepitans not only as sexually dimorphic characteristics, but also as they differ across populations in environmentally different habitats. We used 2-way ANOVA to determine whether the volumetric or linear measurements of these structures differed by sex and population. Females have significantly larger body, head, and ear sizes, but significantly smaller larynges than males. Furthermore, females as well as males show larger body and head sizes, ears, and larynges in a dryer open habitat. An ANCOVA analysis shows that males, but not females, differ in laryngeal size across populations beyond the allometric changes attributable to head size alone indicating that males have a greater degree of laryngeal population variation. In contrast, our covariate analysis found that in both sexes many of the ear differences are non-significant once head size is accounted for, suggesting that most of the population-level ear variation is due to allometric effects of body size. We conclude that although both sexes show size differences in the larynx related to selection for larger body size in dry, open habitats, selection on males for larger larynx size related to the production of lower frequency calls in those habitats does not result in correlated changes in the female larynx. The results suggest that in anurans, selection for changes in body and head size affects both sexes equally, male calls and the vocal structures responsible for them can further diversify without concordant changes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blinda E McClelland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Walter Wilczynski
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Taylor RC, Page RA, Klein BA, Ryan MJ, Hunter KL. Perceived Synchrony of Frog Multimodal Signal Components Is Influenced by Content and Order. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:902-909. [PMID: 28582535 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal signaling is common in communication systems. Depending on the species, individual signal components may be produced synchronously as a result of physiological constraint (fixed) or each component may be produced independently (fluid) in time. For animals that rely on fixed signals, a basic prediction is that asynchrony between the components should degrade the perception of signal salience, reducing receiver response. Male túngara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, produce a fixed multisensory courtship signal by vocalizing with two call components (whines and chucks) and inflating a vocal sac (visual component). Using a robotic frog, we tested female responses to variation in the temporal arrangement between acoustic and visual components. When the visual component lagged a complex call (whine + chuck), females largely rejected this asynchronous multisensory signal in favor of the complex call absent the visual cue. When the chuck component was removed from one call, but the robofrog inflation lagged the complex call, females responded strongly to the asynchronous multimodal signal. When the chuck component was removed from both calls, females reversed preference and responded positively to the asynchronous multisensory signal. When the visual component preceded the call, females responded as often to the multimodal signal as to the call alone. These data show that asynchrony of a normally fixed signal does reduce receiver responsiveness. The magnitude and overall response, however, depend on specific temporal interactions between the acoustic and visual components. The sensitivity of túngara frogs to lagging visual cues, but not leading ones, and the influence of acoustic signal content on the perception of visual asynchrony is similar to those reported in human psychophysics literature. Virtually all acoustically communicating animals must conduct auditory scene analyses and identify the source of signals. Our data suggest that some basic audiovisual neural integration processes may be at work in the vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, 56292 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, 56292 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Barrett A Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, 56292 Panama, Republic of Panama.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 12330, USA
| | - Kimberly L Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA
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16
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Thomas JL, Parrott ML, Handasyde KA, Temple-Smith P. Female control of reproductive behaviour in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), with notes on female competition for mating. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Opportunities for studying platypus courtship and mating behaviours in the wild are limited due to the nocturnal and cryptic nature of this species. We report on platypus courtship and mating behaviour from a successful breeding program at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria, in which platypuses were held as either breeding pairs or trios over seven years. Behaviour was recorded daily on infrared cameras resulting in over 80,000 h of footage that was analysed for activity periods, and courtship and mating behaviours including non-contact and contact courtship, mating and avoidance. Our aims were to describe and quantify courtship and mating interactions between males and females, and to determine if either sex controlled the initiation and continuation of the behaviours. From our observations, we describe a new courtship behaviour, non-contact courtship, which constituted the majority of all mating season interactions between males and females. The time between first and last appearance of a courtship and mating behaviour was 41.0 ± 6.6 days, with the females showing behavioural receptivity for 29.6 ± 5.1 days. Female platypuses used three evasive strategies in relation to approaches by males: avoidance, flight and resistance. Females controlled the duration of 79% of encounters using resistance. For the first time, two females were seen competing with each other over access to the male platypus in their enclosure and for nesting material. Time investment in courtship and mating behaviours was a poor indicator of receptivity and breeding success, and we suggest that breeding failure is more likely to be associated with failure of fertilisation, nest building, embryonic development or incubation. We describe how female platypuses demonstrate evasiveness and control of courtship and mating behaviours, and the importance of providing these opportunities in captivity to promote successful breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Thomas
- aHealesville Sanctuary, Healesville, VIC 3777, Australia
- bSchool of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marissa L. Parrott
- cWildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Peter Temple-Smith
- dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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17
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Stange N, Page RA, Ryan MJ, Taylor RC. Interactions between complex multisensory signal components result in unexpected mate choice responses. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Finton CJ, Keesom SM, Hood KE, Hurley LM. What's in a squeak? Female vocal signals predict the sexual behaviour of male house mice during courtship. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Luo B, Huang X, Li Y, Lu G, Zhao J, Zhang K, Zhao H, Liu Y, Feng J. Social call divergence in bats: a comparative analysis. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Riede T, Eliason CM, Miller EH, Goller F, Clarke JA. Coos, booms, and hoots: The evolution of closed‐mouth vocal behavior in birds. Evolution 2016; 70:1734-46. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology Midwestern University Glendale Arizona 85308
| | - Chad M. Eliason
- Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712
| | - Edward H. Miller
- Department of Biology, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Franz Goller
- Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City 84112 Utah
| | - Julia A. Clarke
- Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712
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Laird KL, Clements P, Hunter KL, Taylor RC. Multimodal signaling improves mating success in the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea), but may not help small males. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Efremova KO, Frey R, Volodin IA, Fritsch G, Soldatova NV, Volodina EV. The postnatal ontogeny of the sexually dimorphic vocal apparatus in goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa). J Morphol 2016; 277:826-44. [PMID: 26997608 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study quantitatively documents the progressive development of sexual dimorphism of the vocal organs along the ontogeny of the goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). The major, male-specific secondary sexual features, of vocal anatomy in goitred gazelle are an enlarged larynx and a marked laryngeal descent. These features appear to have evolved by sexual selection and may serve as a model for similar events in male humans. Sexual dimorphism of larynx size and larynx position in adult goitred gazelles is more pronounced than in humans, whereas the vocal anatomy of neonate goitred gazelles does not differ between sexes. This study examines the vocal anatomy of 19 (11 male, 8 female) goitred gazelle specimens across three age-classes, that is, neonates, subadults and mature adults. The postnatal ontogenetic development of the vocal organs up to their respective end states takes considerably longer in males than in females. Both sexes share the same features of vocal morphology but differences emerge in the course of ontogeny, ultimately resulting in the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the vocal apparatus in adults. The main differences comprise larynx size, vocal fold length, vocal tract length, and mobility of the larynx. The resilience of the thyrohyoid ligament and the pharynx, including the soft palate, and the length changes during contraction and relaxation of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles play a decisive role in the mobility of the larynx in both sexes but to substantially different degrees in adult females and males. Goitred gazelles are born with an undescended larynx and, therefore, larynx descent has to develop in the course of ontogeny. This might result from a trade-off between natural selection and sexual selection requiring a temporal separation of different laryngeal functions at birth and shortly after from those later in life. J. Morphol. 277:826-844, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya O Efremova
- Department of General Biology, Medicobiological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - Roland Frey
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya A Volodin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Scientific Research Department, Moscow Zoo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guido Fritsch
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
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23
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Albersheim-Carter J, Blubaum A, Ballagh IH, Missaghi K, Siuda ER, McMurray G, Bass AH, Dubuc R, Kelley DB, Schmidt MF, Wilson RJA, Gray PA. Testing the evolutionary conservation of vocal motoneurons in vertebrates. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 224:2-10. [PMID: 26160673 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Medullary motoneurons drive vocalization in many vertebrate lineages including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. The developmental history of vocal motoneuron populations in each of these lineages remains largely unknown. The highly conserved transcription factor Paired-like Homeobox 2b (Phox2b) is presumed to be expressed in all vertebrate hindbrain branchial motoneurons, including laryngeal motoneurons essential for vocalization in humans. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine Phox2b protein and mRNA expression in caudal hindbrain and rostral spinal cord motoneuron populations in seven species across five chordate classes. Phox2b was present in motoneurons dedicated to sound production in mice and frogs (bullfrog, African clawed frog), but not those in bird (zebra finch) or bony fish (midshipman, channel catfish). Overall, the pattern of caudal medullary motoneuron Phox2b expression was conserved across vertebrates and similar to expression in sea lamprey. These observations suggest that motoneurons dedicated to sound production in vertebrates are not derived from a single developmentally or evolutionarily conserved progenitor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Albersheim-Carter
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aleksandar Blubaum
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irene H Ballagh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kianoush Missaghi
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Edward R Siuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - George McMurray
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Darcy B Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Marc F Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard J A Wilson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and ACH Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Paul A Gray
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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