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Han M, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Y, Wang Z. The application and sustainable development of coral in traditional medicine and its chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical research. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1230608. [PMID: 38235111 PMCID: PMC10791799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the variety, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicology, and clinical research of corals used in traditional medicine in the past two decades. At present, several types of medicinal coral resources are identified, which are used in 56 formulas such as traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, and Uyghur medicine. A total of 34 families and 99 genera of corals are involved in medical research, with the Alcyoniidae family and Sarcophyton genus being the main research objects. Based on the structural types of compounds and the families and genera of corals, this review summarizes the compounds primarily reported during the period, including terpenoids, steroids, nitrogen-containing compounds, and other terpenoids dominated by sesquiterpene and diterpenes. The biological activities of coral include cytotoxicity (antitumor and anticancer), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, antioxidant, and neurological properties, and a detailed summary of the mechanisms underlying these activities or related targets is provided. Coral toxicity mostly occurs in the marine ornamental soft coral Zoanthidae family, with palytoxin as the main toxic compound. In addition, nonpeptide neurotoxins are extracted from aquatic corals. The compatibility of coral-related preparations did not show significant acute toxicity, but if used for a long time, it will still cause toxicity to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and other internal organs in a dose-dependent manner. In clinical applications, individual application of coral is often used as a substitute for orthopedic materials to treat diseases such as bone defects and bone hyperplasia. Second, coral is primarily available in the form of compound preparations, such as Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills and Shanhu Qishiwei pills, which are widely used in the treatment of neurological diseases such as migraine, primary headache, epilepsy, cerebral infarction, hypertension, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is undeniable that the effectiveness of coral research has exacerbated the endangered status of corals. Therefore, there should be no distinction between the advantages and disadvantages of listed endangered species, and it is imperative to completely prohibit their use and provide equal protection to help them recover to their normal numbers. This article can provide some reference for research on coral chemical composition, biological activity, chemical ecology, and the discovery of marine drug lead compounds. At the same time, it calls for people to protect endangered corals from the perspectives of prohibition, substitution, and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiye Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Sánchez-Suárez J, Bernal FA, Coy-Barrera E. Colombian Contributions Fighting Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review on Antileishmanials Combined with Chemoinformatics Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E5704. [PMID: 33287235 PMCID: PMC7730898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic morbid/fatal disease caused by Leishmania protozoa. Twelve million people worldwide are appraised to be currently infected, including ca. two million infections each year, and 350 million people in 88 countries are at risk of becoming infected. In Colombia, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in some tropical areas. Therapeutics is based on traditional antileishmanial drugs, but this practice has several drawbacks for patients. Thus, the search for new antileishmanial agents is a serious need, but the lack of adequately funded research programs on drug discovery has hampered its progress. Some Colombian researchers have conducted different research projects focused on the assessment of the antileishmanial activity of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds against promastigotes and/or amastigotes. Results of such studies have separately demonstrated important hits and reasonable potential, but a holistic view of them is lacking. Hence, we present the outcome from a systematic review of the literature (under PRISMA guidelines) on those Colombian studies investigating antileishmanials during the last thirty-two years. In order to combine the general efforts aiming at finding a lead against Leishmania panamensis (one of the most studied and incident parasites in Colombia causing CL) and to recognize structural features of representative compounds, fingerprint-based analyses using conventional machine learning algorithms and clustering methods are shown. Abstraction from such a meta-description led to describe some function-determining molecular features and simplify the clustering of plausible isofunctional hits. This systematic review indicated that the Colombian efforts for the antileishmanials discovery are increasingly intensified, though improvements in the followed pathways must be definitively pursued. In this context, a brief discussion about scope, strengths and limitations of such advances and relationships is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeysson Sánchez-Suárez
- Bioprospecting Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Freddy A. Bernal
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
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Gomes GS, Maciel TR, Piegas EM, Michels LR, Colomé LM, Freddo RJ, Ávila DSD, Gundel A, Haas SE. Optimization of Curcuma Oil/Quinine-Loaded Nanocapsules for Malaria Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:551-564. [PMID: 28875471 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinine, a treatment used in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, was loaded into poly(ɛ-caprolactone) or Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules using Curcuma oil as the oil-based core. Until now, the effect of cationic nanocapsules on malaria has not been reported. A 24 factorial design was adopted using, as independent variables, the concentration of Curcuma oil, presence of quinine, type of polymer, and aqueous surfactant. Diameter, zeta potential, and pH were the responses studied. The formulations were also evaluated for drug content, encapsulation efficiency, photostability, and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The type of polymer influenced all of the responses studied. Quinine-loaded Eudragit® RS100 (F13) and PCL nanocapsules (F9), both with polysorbate 80 coating, showed nanometric particle size, positive zeta potential, neutral pH, high drug content, and quinine photoprotection ability; thus, these nanocapsules were selected for in vivo tests. Both formulations showed lower levels of parasitemia from the beginning of the experiment (5.78 ± 3.60 and 4.76 ± 3.46% for F9 and F13, respectively) and highest survival mean time (15.3 ± 2.0 and 14.9 ± 5.6 days for F9 and F13, respectively). F9 and F13 showed significant survival curve compared to saline, thus demonstrating that nanoencapsulation improved bioefficacy of QN and co-encapsulated curcuminoids, regardless of the surface charge.
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Naphthyridines part 4: unprecedented synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines and benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5,6-ij][2,7]naphthyridines with structural analogy to pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridines present in the marine tetracyclic pyridoacridine alkaloids. Mol Divers 2017; 22:159-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Symbiotic Microbes from Marine Invertebrates: Driving a New Era of Natural Product Drug Discovery. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Amaurocine: Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete Amauroderma camerarium. Exp Parasitol 2016; 161:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lowry B, Walsh CT, Khosla C. In Vitro Reconstitution of Metabolic Pathways: Insights into Nature's Chemical Logic. Synlett 2015; 26:1008-1025. [PMID: 26207083 PMCID: PMC4507746 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1380264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro analysis of metabolic pathways is becoming a powerful method to gain a deeper understanding of Nature's core biochemical transformations. With astounding advancements in biotechnology, purification of a metabolic pathway's constitutive enzymatic components is becoming a tractable problem, and such in vitro studies allow scientists to capture the finer details of enzymatic reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and the identity of organic product molecules. In this review, we present eleven metabolic pathways that have been the subject of in vitro reconstitution studies in the literature in recent years. In addition, we have selected and analyzed subset of four case studies within these eleven examples that exemplify remarkable organic chemistry occurring within biology. These examples serves as tangible reminders that Nature's biochemical routes obey the fundamental principles of organic chemistry, and the chemical mechanisms are reminiscent of those featured in traditional synthetic organic routes. The illustrations of biosynthetic chemistry depicted in this review may inspire the development of biomimetic chemistries via abiotic chemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lowry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Christopher T Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ; Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 ; Department of Chemistry, 333 Campus Drive Mudd Building, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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Thao NP, Luyen BTT, Brun R, Kaiser M, Van Kiem P, Van Minh C, Schmidt TJ, Kang JS, Kim YH. Anti-Protozoal Activities of Cembrane-Type Diterpenes from Vietnamese Soft Corals. Molecules 2015; 20:12459-68. [PMID: 26184133 PMCID: PMC6332397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous finding that certain cembranoid diterpenes possess selective toxicity against protozoan pathogens of tropical diseases such as Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, we have subjected a series of 34 cembranes isolated from soft corals living in the Vietnamese sea to an in vitro screening for anti-protozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), T. cruzi (Tc), Leishmania donovani (Ld), and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Twelve of the tested compounds displayed significant activity against at least one of the parasites. Specifically, 7S,8S-epoxy-1,3,11-cembratriene-16-oic methyl ester (1), (1R,4R,2E,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-trien-4-ol (2), crassumol D (12), crassumol E (13), and (1S,2E,4S,6E,8S,11S)-2,6,12(20)-cembrantriene-4,8,11-triol (16) from Lobophytum crassum, L. laevigatum, and Sinularia maxima showed the highest level of inhibitory activity against T. b. rhodesiense, with IC50 values of about 1 µM or less. Lobocrasol A (6) and lobocrasol C (8) from L. crassum and L. laevigatum exhibited particularly significant inhibitory effects on L. donovani with IC50 values < 0.2 µM. The best antiplasmodial effect was exerted by laevigatol A (10), with an IC50 value of about 3.0 µM. The cytotoxicity of the active compounds on L6 rat skeletal myoblast cell was also assessed and found to be insignificant in all cases. This is the first report on anti-protozoal activity of these compounds, and points out the potential of the soft corals in discovery of new anti-protozoal lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuong Thao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Bui Thi Thuy Luyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland.
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstrasse 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
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Pereira H, Custódio L, Rodrigues MJ, de Sousa CB, Oliveira M, Barreira L, Neng NDR, Nogueira JMF, Alrokayan SA, Mouffouk F, Abu-Salah KM, Ben-Hamadou R, Varela J. Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extracts of Selected Autochthonous Microalgae Strains from the Red Sea. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3531-49. [PMID: 26047482 PMCID: PMC4483643 DOI: 10.3390/md13063531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four lipid-rich microalgal species from the Red Sea belonging to three different genera (Nannochloris, Picochlorum and Desmochloris), previously isolated as novel biodiesel feedstocks, were bioprospected for high-value, bioactive molecules. Methanol extracts were thus prepared from freeze-dried biomass and screened for different biological activities. Nannochloris sp. SBL1 and Desmochloris sp. SBL3 had the highest radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and the best copper and iron chelating activities. All species had potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (>50%) and mildly inhibited tyrosinase. Picochlorum sp. SBL2 and Nannochloris sp. SBL4 extracts significantly reduced the viability of tumoral (HepG2 and HeLa) cells with lower toxicity against the non-tumoral murine stromal (S17) cells. Nannochloris sp. SBL1 significantly reduced the viability of Leishmania infantum down to 62% (250 µg/mL). Picochlorum sp. SBL2 had the highest total phenolic content, the major phenolic compounds identified being salicylic, coumaric and gallic acids. Neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene were identified in the extracts of all strains, while canthaxanthin was only identified in Picochlorum sp. SBL2. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the microalgae included in this work could be used as sources of added-value products that could be used to upgrade the final biomass value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Marta Oliveira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Nuno da Rosa Neng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - José Manuel Florêncio Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Salman A Alrokayan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fouzi Mouffouk
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Khalid M Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Radhouan Ben-Hamadou
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
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Santos MFC, Harper PM, Williams DE, Mesquita JT, Pinto ÉG, da Costa-Silva TA, Hajdu E, Ferreira AG, Santos RA, Murphy PJ, Andersen RJ, Tempone AG, Berlinck RGS. Anti-parasitic Guanidine and Pyrimidine Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Monanchora arbuscula. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1101-1112. [PMID: 25924111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HPLC-UV-ELSD-MS-guided fractionation of the anti-parasitic extract obtained from the marine sponge Monanchora arbuscula, collected off the southeastern coast of Brazil, led to the isolation of a series of guanidine and pyrimidine alkaloids. The pyrimidines monalidine A (1) and arbusculidine A (7), as well as the guanidine alkaloids batzellamide A (8) and hemibatzelladines 9-11, represent new minor constituents that were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data. The total synthesis of monalidine A confirmed its structure. Arbusculidine A (7), related to the ptilocaulin/mirabilin/netamine family of tricyclic guanidine alkaloids, is the first in this family to possess a benzene ring. Batzellamide A (8) and hemibatzelladines 9-11 represent new carbon skeletons that are related to the batzelladines. Evaluation of the anti-parasitic activity of the major known metabolites, batzelladines D (12), F (13), L (14), and nor-L (15), as well as of synthetic monalidine A (1), against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum is also reported, along with a detailed investigation of parasite cell-death pathways promoted by batzelladine L (14) and norbatzelladine L (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F C Santos
- †Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip M Harper
- ‡School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | | | - Juliana T Mesquita
- ⊥Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 8° andar, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika G Pinto
- ⊥Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 8° andar, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- ∥Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais A da Costa-Silva
- ⊥Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 8° andar, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- #Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, CEP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- ∇Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235 - SP-310, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Santos
- ⊗Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, CEP 14404 600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick J Murphy
- ‡School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | | | - Andre G Tempone
- ⊥Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 8° andar, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- ∥Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- †Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Imperatore C, Persico M, Aiello A, Luciano P, Guiso M, Sanasi MF, Taramelli D, Parapini S, Cebrián-Torrejón G, Doménech-Carbó A, Fattorusso C, Menna M. Marine inspired antiplasmodial thiazinoquinones: synthesis, computational studies and electrochemical assays. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An original approach, starting from marine derived compounds and combining chemical, computational and electrochemical methods, evidenced the thiazinoquinone scaffold as a new chemotype active againstP. falciparum.
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12
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Thao NP, No JH, Luyen BTT, Yang G, Byun SY, Goo J, Kim KT, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Van Minh C, Schmidt TJ, Kang JS, Kim YH. Secondary metabolites from Vietnamese marine invertebrates with activity against Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi. Molecules 2014; 19:7869-80. [PMID: 24962391 PMCID: PMC6271609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived natural products from invertebrates comprise an extremely diverse and promising source of the compounds from a wide variety of structural classes. This study describes the discovery of five marine natural products with activity against Trypanosoma species by natural product library screening using whole cell in vitro assays. We investigated the anti-trypanosomal activity of the extracts from the soft corals and echinoderms living in Vietnamese seas. Of the samples screened, the methanolic extracts of several marine organisms exhibited potent activities against cultures of Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi (EC50 < 5.0 μg/mL). Among the compounds isolated from these extracts, laevigatol B (1) from Lobophytum crassum and L. laevigatum, (24S)-ergost-4-ene-3-one (2) from Sinularia dissecta, astropectenol A (3) from Astropecten polyacanthus, and cholest-8-ene-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetraol (4) from Diadema savignyi showed inhibitory activity against T. brucei with EC50 values ranging from 1.57 ± 0.14 to 14.6 ± 1.36 μM, relative to the positive control, pentamidine (EC50 = 0.015 ± 0.003 μM). Laevigatol B (1) and 5α-cholest-8(14)-ene-3β,7α-diol (5) exhibited also significant inhibitory effects on T. cruzi. The cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds on mammalian cells was also assessed and found to be insignificant in all cases. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of marine organisms collected in Vietnamese seas against Trypanosoma species responsible for neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuong Thao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea.
| | - Bui Thi Thuy Luyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Gyongseon Yang
- Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea.
| | - Soo Young Byun
- Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea.
| | - Junghyun Goo
- Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea.
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstrasse 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
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13
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Mendiola J, Regalado EL, Díaz-García A, Thomas OP, Fernández-Calienes A, Rodríguez H, Laguna A, Valdés O. In vitroantiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity and chemical profiles of sponge species of Cuban coasts. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:312-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.861835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Salas-Sarduy E, Cabrera-Muñoz A, Cauerhff A, González-González Y, Trejo SA, Chidichimo A, Chávez-Planes MDLA, Cazzulo JJ. Antiparasitic effect of a fraction enriched in tight-binding protease inhibitors isolated from the Caribbean coral Plexaura homomalla. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:611-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antimalarial polyamines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Lam CFC, Pearce AN, Tan SH, Kaiser M, Copp BR. Discovery and evaluation of thiazinoquinones as anti-protozoal agents. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3472-99. [PMID: 24022732 PMCID: PMC3806465 DOI: 10.3390/md11093472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure compound screening has identified the dioxothiazino-quinoline-quinone ascidian metabolite ascidiathiazone A (2) to be a moderate growth inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50 3.1 μM) and Plasmodium falciparum (K1 dual drug resistant strain) (IC50 3.3 μM) while exhibiting low levels of cytotoxicity (L6, IC50 167 μM). A series of C-7 amide and Δ2(3) analogues were prepared that explored the influence of lipophilicity and oxidation state on observed anti-protozoal activity and selectivity. Little variation in anti-malarial potency was observed (IC50 0.62–6.5 μM), and no correlation was apparent between anti-malarial and anti-T. brucei activity. Phenethylamide 7e and Δ2(3)-glycine analogue 8k exhibited similar anti-Pf activity to 2 but with slightly enhanced selectivity (SI 72 and 93, respectively), while Δ2(3)-phenethylamide 8e (IC50 0.67 μM, SI 78) exhibited improved potency and selectivity towards T. brucei rhodesiense compared to the natural product hit. A second series of analogues were prepared that replaced the quinoline ring of 2 with benzofuran or benzothiophene moieties. While esters 10a/10b and 15 were once again found to exhibit cytotoxicity, carboxylic acid analogues exhibited potent anti-Pf activity (IC50 0.34–0.035 μM) combined with excellent selectivity (SI 560–4000). In vivo evaluation of a furan carboxylic acid analogue against P. berghei was undertaken, demonstrating 85.7% and 47% reductions in parasitaemia with ip or oral dosing respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary F. C. Lam
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - A. Norrie Pearce
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Shen H. Tan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland; E-Mail:
- University of Basel, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-8284; Fax: +64-9-373-7422
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17
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Fusetani N. Marine pharmacology in 2009-2011: marine compounds with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2510-73. [PMID: 23880931 PMCID: PMC3736438 DOI: 10.3390/md11072510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-630-515-6951; Fax: +1-630-971-6414
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; E-Mail:
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18
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Scopel M, dos Santos O, Frasson AP, Abraham WR, Tasca T, Henriques AT, Macedo AJ. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of marine-associated fungi from the South Brazilian Coast. Exp Parasitol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Mani L, Jullian V, Mourkazel B, Valentin A, Dubois J, Cresteil T, Folcher E, Hooper JNA, Erpenbeck D, Aalbersberg W, Debitus C. New antiplasmodial bromotyrosine derivatives from Suberea ianthelliformis Lendenfeld, 1888. Chem Biodivers 2013; 9:1436-51. [PMID: 22899605 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four samples of Suberea ianthelliformis were investigated and furnished five new and 13 known brominated tyrosine-derived compounds. Two of the new compounds were identified as araplysillin N20-formamide and its N-oxide derivative. Three other new compounds, araplysillins IV, V, and VI, were isolated and identified as analogs of araplysillin II. Most of these compounds exhibit moderate inhibitory activities against chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and were investigated for their PFTase inhibitory properties. The chemical content of the investigated sponges is correlated with their molecular phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mani
- UMR 152, IRD, 118, route de Narbonne, FR-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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Liew LP, Kaiser M, Copp BR. Discovery and preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis of 1,14-sperminediphenylacetamides as potent and selective antimalarial lead compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:452-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Petersen IN, Crestey F, Kristensen JL. Total synthesis of ascididemin via anionic cascade ring closure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9092-4. [PMID: 22864261 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and convergent synthesis of ascididemin is presented. Using an anionic cascade ring closure as the key step, this natural product is obtained in 45% overall yield in just 6 steps starting from 2'-fluoroacetophenone. This new approach was extended to the synthesis of a new isomer of ascididemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Nymann Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Plodek A, Raeder S, Bracher F. Regioselective homolytic substitution of benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Izumi E, Ueda-Nakamura T, Veiga VF, Pinto AC, Nakamura CV. Terpenes from Copaifera demonstrated in vitro antiparasitic and synergic activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2994-3001. [PMID: 22440015 DOI: 10.1021/jm201451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To discover new possible therapies for Chagas' disease, we evaluated against all Trypanosoma cruzi life stages the in vitro trypanocidal and synergistic activity of terpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresins collected in the Amazon and investigated their possible mechanism of action. Seven acid diterpenes and one sesquiterpene were tested. Terpenes promoted changes in oxidative metabolism followed by autophagic processes in the parasite cell leading to selective death. Furthermore, they were more effective against replicative forms, in particular amastigotes. A synergistic effect occurred. Cytotoxicity to erythrocytes and nucleated cells was moderate. This is the first study showing synergic activity between two terpenes against T. cruzi. Combinations of natural compounds can show high activity and may lead to new alternative treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Izumi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n 86051-990 Londrina-PR, Brazil
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24
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Johnson TA, Sohn J, Inman WD, Estee SA, Loveridge ST, Vervoort HC, Tenney K, Liu J, Ang KKH, Ratnam J, Bray WM, Gassner NC, Shen YY, Lokey RS, McKerrow JH, Boundy-Mills K, Nukanto A, Kanti A, Julistiono H, Kardono LBS, Bjeldanes LF, Crews P. Natural product libraries to accelerate the high-throughput discovery of therapeutic leads. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2545-55. [PMID: 22129061 PMCID: PMC3246535 DOI: 10.1021/np200673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput (HT) paradigm generating LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based natural product libraries to discover compounds with new bioactivities and or molecular structures is presented. To validate this methodology, an extract of the Indo-Pacific marine sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis was evaluated using assays involving cytoskeletal profiling, tumor cell lines, and parasites. Twelve known compounds were identified including latrunculins (1-4, 10), fijianolides (5, 8, 9), mycothiazole (11), aignopsanes (6, 7), and sacrotride A (13). Compounds 1-5 and 8-11 exhibited bioactivity not previously reported against the parasite T. brucei, while 11 showed selectivity for lymphoma (U937) tumor cell lines. Four new compounds were also discovered including aignopsanoic acid B (13), apo-latrunculin T (14), 20-methoxy-fijianolide A (15), and aignopsane ketal (16). Compounds 13 and 16 represent important derivatives of the aignopsane class, 14 exhibited inhibition of T. brucei without disrupting microfilament assembly, and 15 demonstrated modest microtubule-stabilizing effects. The use of removable well plate libraries to avoid false positives from extracts enriched with only one or two major metabolites is also discussed. Overall, these results highlight the advantages of applying modern methods in natural products-based research to accelerate the HT discovery of therapeutic leads and/or new molecular structures using LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (831) 459-4280. . Tel: (831) 459-2603.
| | - Johann Sohn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wayne D. Inman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Samarkand A. Estee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Steven T. Loveridge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Helene C. Vervoort
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Karen Tenney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Junke Liu
- Eisai Inc., Natural Product Lead Discovery, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Kenny Kean-Hooi Ang
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
| | - Joseline Ratnam
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
| | - Walter M. Bray
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nadine C. Gassner
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Young Y. Shen
- Eisai Inc., Natural Product Lead Discovery, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - R. Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis California 95616, United States
| | - Arif Nukanto
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Atit Kanti
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Heddy Julistiono
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Leonardus B. S. Kardono
- Indonesia & Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Serpong, Tangerang 15310, Indonesia
| | - Leonard F. Bjeldanes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (831) 459-4280. . Tel: (831) 459-2603.
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Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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26
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Persico M, Quintavalla A, Rondinelli F, Trombini C, Lombardo M, Fattorusso C, Azzarito V, Taramelli D, Parapini S, Corbett Y, Chianese G, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. A new class of antimalarial dioxanes obtained through a simple two-step synthetic approach: rational design and structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8526-40. [PMID: 22054038 DOI: 10.1021/jm201056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of simple endoperoxides, characterized by a 3-methoxy-1,2-dioxane scaffold, was designed on the basis of a previously developed pharmacophore. Through a simplified and versatile scheme of synthesis, which utilizes cheap and commercially available starting materials, it was possible to obtain several structurally and stereochemically different compounds that were tested against P. falciparum. Most of compounds showed antimalarial activity in the low micromolar range and no cellular toxicity, all being significantly more active on chloroquine resistant (CQ-R) than on chloroquine sensitive (CQ-S) strains. Resulting structure-activity relationships were analyzed by means of experimental and computational techniques, validating our design rationale and tailoring it for the new scaffold. Our study demonstrated that according to the hypothesized mechanism of action, the antimalarial activity can be improved through rational structural modifications, paving the way for the development of new simplified antimalarial endoperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Malaria is a human infectious disease that is caused by four species of Plasmodium. It is responsible for more than 1 million deaths per year. Natural products contain a great variety of chemical structures and have been screened for antiplasmodial activity as potential sources of new antimalarial drugs. This review highlights studies on natural products with antimalarial and antiplasmodial activity reported in the literature from January 2009 to November 2010. A total of 360 antiplasmodial natural products comprised of terpenes, including iridoids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, terpenoid benzoquinones, steroids, quassinoids, limonoids, curcubitacins, and lanostanes; flavonoids; alkaloids; peptides; phenylalkanoids; xanthones; naphthopyrones; polyketides, including halenaquinones, peroxides, polyacetylenes, and resorcylic acids; depsidones; benzophenones; macrolides; and miscellaneous compounds, including halogenated compounds and chromenes are listed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia M. X. Lopes
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-16-33019663; Fax: +55-16-33019692
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28
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