1
|
Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arhebamen EP, Teodoro MT, Blonka AB, Matthew HWT. Long-Term Culture Performance of a Polyelectrolyte Complex Microcapsule Platform for Hyaline Cartilage Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040467. [PMID: 37106654 PMCID: PMC10135885 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) tissue repair and regeneration remains an ongoing challenge. One component of the challenge is the limited ability to scale an engineered cartilage graft to clinically relevant sizes while maintaining uniform properties. In this paper, we report on the evaluation of our polyelectrolyte complex microcapsule (PECM) platform technology as a technique for generating cartilage-like spherical modules. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) or primary articular chondrocytes were encapsulated within PECMs composed of methacrylated hyaluronan, collagen I, and chitosan. The formation of cartilage-like tissue in the PECMs over a 90-day culture was characterized. The results showed that chondrocytes exhibited superior growth and matrix deposition compared to either chondrogenically-induced bMSCs or a mixed PECM culture containing both chondrocytes and bMSCs. The chondrocyte-generated matrix filled the PECM and produced substantial increases in capsule compressive strength. The PECM system thus appears to support intracapsular cartilage tissue formation and the capsule approach promotes efficient culture and handling of these micro tissues. Since previous studies have proven the feasibility of fusing such capsules into large tissue constructs, the results suggest that encapsulating primary chondrocytes in PECM modules may be a viable route toward achieving a functional articular cartilage graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehinor P Arhebamen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Maria T Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Amelia B Blonka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Howard W T Matthew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao L, Zhao J, Tuo Z, Ren G. Repair of long bone defects of large size using a tissue-engineered periosteum in a rabbit model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:105. [PMID: 34420103 PMCID: PMC8380237 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tissue engineered periosteum (TEP), which was fabricated by combining osteogenically-induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), could restore long bone defects of large size in rabbits. Twenty-four adult New Zealand white rabbits (NZWRs) were used in the experiments. Long bone defects of large size (30 mm-50 mm; average, 40 mm) were established on both sides of NZWRs' radii. The defects were treated with TEP (Group A), allogeneic deproteinized bone (DPB, Group B), TEP combined with DPB (Group C), and pure SIS (Group D). The healing outcome was evaluated by radiography and histological examination at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. The radiographical findings showed that bone defects of large size were all repaired in Groups A, B and C within 12 weeks, whereas Group D (pure SIS group) failed to result in defect healing at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Although there was some new bone regeneration connecting the allografts and bone ends, as observed under radiographical and histological observations, bone defects of large sizes were restored primarily by structurally allografted DPB within 12 weeks. The TEP groups (Groups A and C) showed partial or total bone regeneration upon histological inspection. Based on 12-week histological examinations, significantly more bone was formed in Group A than Group C (P < 0.05), and both groups formed significantly more bone than in Groups B and D. The results indicated that long bone defects of a large size could be restored by TEP or TEP combined with the DPB scaffold, and such materials provide an alternative approach to resolving pathological bone defects in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Orthopedic Department of Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhe Tuo
- Orthopaedic Department of Xianyang Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtie Ren
- Orthopaedic Department of Hanzhong Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gonçalves AM, Moreira A, Weber A, Williams GR, Costa PF. Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: The Potential of Electrospinning and Additive Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:983. [PMID: 34209671 PMCID: PMC8309012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The socioeconomic impact of osteochondral (OC) damage has been increasing steadily over time in the global population, and the promise of tissue engineering in generating biomimetic tissues replicating the physiological OC environment and architecture has been falling short of its projected potential. The most recent advances in OC tissue engineering are summarised in this work, with a focus on electrospun and 3D printed biomaterials combined with stem cells and biochemical stimuli, to identify what is causing this pitfall between the bench and the patients' bedside. Even though significant progress has been achieved in electrospinning, 3D-(bio)printing, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies, it is still challenging to artificially emulate the OC interface and achieve complete regeneration of bone and cartilage tissues. Their intricate architecture and the need for tight spatiotemporal control of cellular and biochemical cues hinder the attainment of long-term functional integration of tissue-engineered constructs. Moreover, this complexity and the high variability in experimental conditions used in different studies undermine the scalability and reproducibility of prospective regenerative medicine solutions. It is clear that further development of standardised, integrative, and economically viable methods regarding scaffold production, cell selection, and additional biochemical and biomechanical stimulation is likely to be the key to accelerate the clinical translation and fill the gap in OC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabela Moreira
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Achim Weber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Pedro F. Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park YL, Park K, Cha JM. 3D-Bioprinting Strategies Based on In Situ Bone-Healing Mechanism for Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030287. [PMID: 33800485 PMCID: PMC8000586 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a number of bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches have been developed to address substantial challenges in the management of critical size bone defects. Although the majority of BTE strategies developed in the laboratory have been limited due to lack of clinical relevance in translation, primary prerequisites for the construction of vascularized functional bone grafts have gained confidence owing to the accumulated knowledge of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-relevant biomaterials that reflect bone-healing mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of bone-healing mechanisms focusing on the details that should be embodied in the development of vascularized BTE, and discuss promising strategies based on 3D-bioprinting technologies that efficiently coalesce the abovementioned main features in bone-healing systems, which comprehensively interact during the bone regeneration processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haberal B, Sahin O, Terzi A, Simsek EK, Mahmuti A, Tuncay İC. Treatment of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects with Pedunculated and Free Synovial Grafts: A Comparative Study in an Animal Model. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:720-725. [PMID: 32850038 PMCID: PMC7429569 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the potential effects of pedunculated and free synovial grafts in the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects on an animal model with histological and immunohistochemical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative study in an animal model was performed with 24 rabbits, divided into two groups. Full-thickness cartilage defects were created bilaterally on the knees of all rabbits. Pedunculated and free synovial grafts were applied to the right knees of Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Left knees were left as the control group. Six rabbits from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. All samples were examined histologically with a cartilage scoring system. For immunohistochemical analysis, the degree of collagen 2 staining was determined using a staging system. All data were statistically compared between the study groups with Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. The correlations between categorical variables were analyzed with Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test. RESULTS In Group 1, the mean defect size had significantly decreased at 8 weeks postsurgery. It was also significantly smaller than that of Group 2. Both pedunculated and free synovial grafts had significantly better histological and immunohistochemical outcomes compared with the controls. Contrastingly, the results of comparison between the study groups (Group 1 vs. 2) at the 4th and 8th week were not statistically significant with regard to histological scores and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSION Synovial tissue, whether pedunculated or free, provided much better cartilage recovery compared with the control. It can be used as a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) source, and synovium-derived MSCs have the chondrogenic potential for the in vivo treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Haberal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Yukari Bahçelievler Mah, Maresal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. 10. Sok. No: 45, Bahçelievler, Çankaya, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orcun Sahin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Yukari Bahçelievler Mah, Maresal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. 10. Sok. No: 45, Bahçelievler, Çankaya, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysen Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekin Kaya Simsek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Yukari Bahçelievler Mah, Maresal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. 10. Sok. No: 45, Bahçelievler, Çankaya, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ates Mahmuti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Yukari Bahçelievler Mah, Maresal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. 10. Sok. No: 45, Bahçelievler, Çankaya, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Cengiz Tuncay
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Yukari Bahçelievler Mah, Maresal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. 10. Sok. No: 45, Bahçelievler, Çankaya, 06490 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi JH, Kim N, Rim MA, Lee W, Song JE, Khang G. Characterization and Potential of a Bilayered Hydrogel of Gellan Gum and Demineralized Bone Particles for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34703-34715. [PMID: 32644770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) tissue engineering (TE) is a promising strategy to regenerate acute or degenerative chondral and OC lesions. However, advancing a proper model for OC TE is still under way. Herein, a bilayer hydrogel (BH) based on gellan gum (GG) hydrogel and demineralized bone particles (DBPs) is suggested as a new model. The BH composite can be fabricated easily with a cell-friendly biomaterial and cross-linker. The BH composite was characterized by a morphological method and physicochemical aspect. The mechanical and rheological characters were further confirmed to verify its applicability in OC TE. The thermodynamic property of the composite was determined to analyze thermal stability and interaction among matrices. The bioactivity of the material was studied by treating simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 28 days to examine the formation of crystalline structure in the BH construct. In vitro studies were carried out to study the viability and biochemical characters of the developed biomaterial. An in vivo study was performed to analyze the biocompatibility of the material and regeneration of the injured OC region implanted with BH composites. The data displayed stable physicochemical properties and mechanical characters when the DBPs were incorporated with a proper amount. The bioactivity of the DBP-loaded hydrogels displayed a high amount of apatite formation. The cytotoxicity of the fabricated material was low, which allows application in vitro and in vivo. The biochemical studies displayed a high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression, which shows promising application of DBP-loaded GG in the bone layer of the BH model. The long-term in vivo study displayed excellent biocompatibility and great potential in the OC defected region. Overall, these results suggest the significance of combined and innovative approaches to improve the therapeutic strategies for OC regeneration, and the BH model suggested in this study can be a promising biomaterial model for OC TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hee Choi
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Namyoung Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min A Rim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchan Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang B, Guo L, Chen H, Ventikos Y, Narayan RJ, Huang J. Finite element evaluations of the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds by direct ink writing: Effects of pore geometry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Feng X, Xu P, Shen T, Zhang Y, Ye J, Gao C. Influence of pore architectures of silk fibroin/collagen composite scaffolds on the regeneration of osteochondral defects in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:391-405. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aligned scaffolds facilitate migration of endogenous reparative cells, leading to better regeneration of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Peifang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
- College of Medicine
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
- College of Medicine
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diaz-Rodriguez P, Erndt-Marino JD, Gharat T, Munoz Pinto DJ, Samavedi S, Bearden R, Grunlan MA, Saunders WB, Hahn MS. Toward zonally tailored scaffolds for osteochondral differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2019-2029. [PMID: 30549205 PMCID: PMC6934364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) are an emerging cell source for regenerative medicine applications, including osteochondral defect (OCD) repair. However, in contrast to bone marrow MSCs, scaffold compositions which promote SMSC chondrogenesis/osteogenesis are still being identified. In the present manuscript, we examine poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-based scaffolds containing zonally-specific biochemical cues to guide SMSC osteochondral differentiation. Specifically, SMSCs were encapsulated in PEG-based scaffolds incorporating glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan or chondroitin-6-sulfate [CSC]), low-dose of chondrogenic and osteogenic growth factors (TGFβ1 and BMP2, respectively), or osteoinductive poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Initial studies suggested that PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 scaffolds promoted enhanced SMSC chondrogenic differentiation, as assessed by significant increases in Sox9 and aggrecan. Conversely, PEG-PDMS-BMP2 scaffolds stimulated increased levels of osteoblastic markers with significant mineral deposition. A "Transition" zone formulation was then developed containing a graded mixture of the chondrogenic and osteogenic signals present in the PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 and PEG-PDMS-BMP2 constructs. SMSCs within the "Transition" formulation displayed a phenotypic profile similar to hypertrophic chondrocytes, with the highest expression of collagen X, intermediate levels of osteopontin, and mineralization levels equivalent to "bone" formulations. Overall, these results suggest that a graded transition from PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 to PEG-PDMS-BMP2 scaffolds elicits a gradual SMSC phenotypic shift from chondrocyte to hypertrophic chondrocyte to osteoblast-like. As such, further development of these scaffold formulations for use in SMSC-based OCD repair is warranted. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2019-2029, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh D Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Tanmay Gharat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Dany J Munoz Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Satyavrata Samavedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert Bearden
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - W Brian Saunders
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao W, Lin W, Cai H, Chen Y, Man Y, Liang J, Wang Q, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. Dynamic mechanical loading facilitated chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs in collagen scaffolds. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:99-106. [PMID: 30967964 PMCID: PMC6446999 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical signals have been played close attention to regulate chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, dynamic mechanical loading simulation with natural frequencies and intensities were applied to the 3D cultured BMSCs-collagen scaffold constructs. We investigated the effects of dynamic mechanical loading on cell adhesion, uniform distribution, proliferation, secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs-collagen scaffold constructs. The results indicated that dynamic mechanical loading facilitated the BMSCs adhesion, uniform distribution, proliferation and secretion of ECM with a slight contraction, which significantly improved the mechanical strength of the BMSCs-collagen scaffold constructs for better mimicking the structure and function of a native cartilage. Gene expression results indicated that dynamic mechanical loading contributed to the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs with higher levels of AGG, COL2A1 and SOX9 genes, and prevented of hypertrophic process with lower levels of COL10A1, and reduced the possibility of fibrocartilage formation due to down-regulated COL1A2. In conclusion, this study emphasized the important role of dynamic mechanical loading on promoting BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation and maintaining the cartilage phenotype for in vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered cartilage, which provided an attractive prospect and a feasibility strategy for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxu Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Sichuan Testing Center for Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muckom R, McFarland S, Yang C, Perea B, Gentes M, Murugappan A, Tran E, Dordick JS, Clark DS, Schaffer DV. High-throughput combinatorial screening reveals interactions between signaling molecules that regulate adult neural stem cell fate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:193-205. [PMID: 30102775 PMCID: PMC6289657 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancing our knowledge of how neural stem cell (NSC) behavior in the adult hippocampus is regulated has implications for elucidating basic mechanisms of learning and memory as well as for neurodegenerative disease therapy. To date, numerous biochemical cues from the endogenous hippocampal NSC niche have been identified as modulators of NSC quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation; however, the complex repertoire of signaling factors within stem cell niches raises the question of how cues act in combination with one another to influence NSC physiology. To help overcome experimental bottlenecks in studying this question, we adapted a high-throughput microculture system, with over 500 distinct microenvironments, to conduct a systematic combinatorial screen of key signaling cues and collect high-content phenotype data on endpoint NSC populations. This novel application of the platform consumed only 0.2% of reagent volumes used in conventional 96-well plates, and resulted in the discovery of numerous statistically significant interactions among key endogenous signals. Antagonistic relationships between fibroblast growth factor 2, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and Wnt-3a were found to impact NSC proliferation and differentiation, whereas a synergistic relationship between Wnt-3a and Ephrin-B2 on neuronal differentiation and maturation was found. Furthermore, TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein 4 combined with Wnt-3a and Ephrin-B2 resulted in a coordinated effect on neuronal differentiation and maturation. Overall, this study offers candidates for further elucidation of significant mechanisms guiding NSC fate choice and contributes strategies for enhancing control over stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Muckom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Chun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Brian Perea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Megan Gentes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Abirami Murugappan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Eric Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Douglas S. Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bittner SM, Guo JL, Mikos AG. Spatiotemporal Control of Growth Factors in Three-Dimensional Printed Scaffolds. BIOPRINTING (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 12:e00032. [PMID: 31106279 PMCID: PMC6519969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has enabled the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds that recapitulate the physical, architectural, and biochemical cues of native tissue matrix more effectively than ever before. One key component of biomimetic scaffold fabrication is the patterning of growth factors, whose spatial distribution and temporal release profile should ideally match that seen in native tissue development. Tissue engineers have made significant progress in improving the degree of spatiotemporal control over which growth factors are presented within 3DP scaffolds. However, significant limitations remain in terms in pattern resolution, the fabrication of true gradients, temporal control of growth factor release, the maintenance of growth factor distributions against diffusion, and more. This review summarizes several key areas for advancement of the field in terms of improving spatiotemporal control over growth factor presentation, and additionally highlights several major tissues of interest that have been targeted by 3DP growth factor patterning strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, United States
| | - Jason L. Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bittner SM, Guo JL, Melchiorri A, Mikos AG. Three-dimensional Printing of Multilayered Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:861-874. [PMID: 30450010 PMCID: PMC6233733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has produced new therapies for the repair of damaged tissues and organs, utilizing biomimetic scaffolds that mirror the mechanical and biological properties of host tissue. The emergence of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies has enabled the fabrication of highly complex scaffolds which offer a more accurate replication of native tissue properties and architecture than previously possible. Of strong interest to tissue engineers is the construction of multilayered scaffolds that target distinct regions of complex tissues. Musculoskeletal and dental tissues in particular, such as the osteochondral unit and periodontal complex, are composed of multiple interfacing tissue types, and thus benefit from the usage of multilayered scaffold fabrication. Traditional 3DP technologies such as extrusion printing and selective laser sintering have been used for the construction of scaffolds with gradient architectures and mixed material compositions. Additionally, emerging bioprinting strategies have been used for the direct printing and spatial patterning of cells and chemical factors, capturing the complex organization found in the body. To better replicate the varied and gradated properties of larger tissues, researchers have created scaffolds composed of multiple materials spanning natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics. By utilizing high precision 3DP techniques and judicious material selection, scaffolds can thus be designed to address the regeneration of previously challenging musculoskeletal, dental, and other heterogeneous target tissues. These multilayered 3DP strategies show great promise in the future of tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony Melchiorri
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gadjanski I. Mimetic Hierarchical Approaches for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:143-170. [PMID: 29691821 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In order to engineer biomimetic osteochondral (OC) construct, it is necessary to address both the cartilage and bone phase of the construct, as well as the interface between them, in effect mimicking the developmental processes when generating hierarchical scaffolds that show gradual changes of physical and mechanical properties, ideally complemented with the biochemical gradients. There are several components whose characteristics need to be taken into account in such biomimetic approach, including cells, scaffolds, bioreactors as well as various developmental processes such as mesenchymal condensation and vascularization, that need to be stimulated through the use of growth factors, mechanical stimulation, purinergic signaling, low oxygen conditioning, and immunomodulation. This chapter gives overview of these biomimetic OC system components, including the OC interface, as well as various methods of fabrication utilized in OC biomimetic tissue engineering (TE) of gradient scaffolds. Special attention is given to addressing the issue of achieving clinical size, anatomically shaped constructs. Besides such neotissue engineering for potential clinical use, other applications of biomimetic OC TE including formation of the OC tissues to be used as high-fidelity disease/healing models and as in vitro models for drug toxicity/efficacy evaluation are covered. HIGHLIGHTS Biomimetic OC TE uses "smart" scaffolds able to locally regulate cell phenotypes and dual-flow bioreactors for two sets of conditions for cartilage/bone Protocols for hierarchical OC grafts engineering should entail mesenchymal condensation for cartilage and vascular component for bone Immunomodulation, low oxygen tension, purinergic signaling, time dependence of stimuli application are important aspects to consider in biomimetic OC TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gadjanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica, Novi Sad, Serbia. .,Belgrade Metropolitan University, Tadeusa Koscuska 63, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogels for Osteochondral Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:281-304. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
17
|
Ondrésik M, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advances for Treatment of Knee OC Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:3-24. [PMID: 29736567 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects are prevalent among young adults and are notorious for being unable to heal. Although they are traumatic in nature, they often develop silently. Detection of many OC defects is challenging, despite the criticality of early care. Current repair approaches face limitations and cannot provide regenerative or long-standing solution. Clinicians and researchers are working together in order to develop approaches that can regenerate the damaged tissues and protect the joint from developing osteoarthritis. The current concepts of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which have brought many promising applications to OC management, are overviewed herein. We will also review the types of stem cells that aim to provide sustainable cell sources overcoming the limitation of autologous chondrocyte-based applications. The various scaffolding materials that can be used as extracellular matrix mimetic and having functional properties similar to the OC unit are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ondrésik
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Popa EG, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Seaweed polysaccharide-based hydrogels used for the regeneration of articular cartilage. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 35:410-24. [PMID: 24646368 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.889079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the literature focusing on seaweed polysaccharides based hydrogels that have been proposed for applications in regenerative medicine, particularly, in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. For a better understanding of the main requisites for these specific applications, the main aspects of the native cartilage structure, as well as recognized diseases that affect this tissue are briefly described. Current available treatments are also presented to emphasize the need for alternative techniques. The following part of this review is centered on the description of the general characteristics of algae polysaccharides, as well as relevant properties required for designing hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering purposes. An in-depth overview of the most well known seaweed polysaccharide, namely agarose, alginate, carrageenan and ulvan biopolymeric gels, that have been proposed for engineering cartilage is also provided. Finally, this review describes and summarizes the translational aspect for the clinical application of alternative systems emphasizing the importance of cryopreservation and the commercial products currently available for cartilage treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Geta Popa
- a 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark , Guimarães , Portugal and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dai Y, Liu G, Ma L, Wang D, Gao C. Cell-free macro-porous fibrin scaffolds for in situ inductive regeneration of full-thickness cartilage defects. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4410-4419. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macro-porous fibrin scaffold was fabricated and used to induce cartilage regenerationin situwithout pre-loaded cells or growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Gang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Dongan Wang
- Division of Bioengineering
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miao T, Miller EJ, McKenzie C, Oldinski RA. Physically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin interpenetrating polymer network theta-gels for cartilage regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9242-9249. [PMID: 32262923 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00989h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Theta-gels are hydrogels that form during the solidification and phase separation of two dislike polymers, in which a low molecular weight polymer behaves as a porogen and is removed through dialysis. For this study, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels were formed between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin using theta-gel fabrication techniques, i.e., in the presence of a porogen. The addition of gelatin to a PVA theta-gel, formed with a porogen, polyethylene glycol (PEG), created macro-porous hydrogels, and increased shear storage moduli and elastic moduli, compared to PVA-gelatin scaffold controls. A reduction in PVA crystallinity was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in hydrogels fabricated using a porogen, i.e., PVA-PEG-gelatin, compared to PVA, PVA-PEG, or PVA-gelatin hydrogels alone. Van Geison staining confirmed the retention of gelatin after dialysis. A range of hydrogel moduli was achieved by optimizing PVA concentration, molecular weight, and gelatin concentration. PVA-gelatin hydrogels maintained primary human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) viability. Soft (∼10 kPa) and stiff (∼100 kPa) PVA-gelatin hydrogels containing type II collagen significantly increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production compared to controls. PVA-gelatin hydrogels, formed using theta-gel techniques, warrant further investigation as articular cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- Bioengineering Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tian K, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Yin B, Zhang W, Liu H. Microfluidics‑based optimization of neuroleukin‑mediated regulation of articular chondrocyte proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:67-74. [PMID: 26573126 PMCID: PMC4686044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low proliferative and migratory capacities of chondrocytes, cartilage repair remains a challenging clinical problem. Current therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a cell based therapy that relies on the in vitro expansion of healthy chondrocytes from the patient, during which proliferation-promoting factors are frequently used. Neuroleukin (NLK) is a multifunctional protein that possesses growth factor functions, and its expression has been associated with cartilage development and bone regeneration, however its direct role in chondrocyte proliferation remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, the role of NLK in chondrocyte proliferation in vitro in addition to its potential to act as an exogenous factor during ACI was investigated. Furthermore, the concentration of NLK for in vitro chondrocyte culture was optimized using a microfluidic device. An NLK concentration of 12.85 ng/ml was observed to provide optimal conditions for the promotion of chondrocyte proliferation. Additionally, NLK stimulation resulted in an increase in type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes, which is a cartilaginous secretion marker and associated with the phenotype of chondrocytes. Together these data suggest that NLK is able to promote cell proliferation and type II collagen synthesis during in vitro chondrocyte propagation, and thus may serve as an exogenous factor for ACI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghezzi CE, Marelli B, Donelli I, Alessandrino A, Freddi G, Nazhat SN. Multilayered dense collagen-silk fibroin hybrid: a platform for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2046-2059. [PMID: 26549403 DOI: 10.1002/term.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is a major structural and functional protein in connective tissues. However, collagen gels exhibit unstable geometrical properties, arising from extensive cell-mediated contraction. In an effort to stabilize collagen-based hydrogels, plastic compression was used to hybridize dense collagen (DC) with electrospun silk fibroin (SF) mats, generating multilayered DC-SF-DC constructs. Seeded mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated DC-SF-DC contraction, as well as growth and differentiation under chondrogenic and osteogenic supplements, were compared to those seeded in DC and on SF alone. The incorporation of SF within DC prevented extensive cell-mediated collagen gel contraction. The effect of the multilayered hybrid on MSC remodelling capacity was also evident at the transcription level, where the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13 and Timp1) by MSCs within DC-SF-DC were comparable to those on SF and significantly downregulated in comparison to DC, except for Timp1. Chondrogenic supplements stimulated extracellular matrix production within the construct, stabilizing its multilayered structure and promoting MSC chondrogenic differentiation, as indicated by the upregulation of the genes Col2a1 and Agg and the production of collagen type II. In osteogenic medium there was an upregulation in ALP and OP along with the presence of an apatitic phase, indicating MSC osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. In sum, these results have implications on the modulation of three-dimensional collagen-based gel structural stability and on the stimulation and maintenance of the MSC committed phenotype inherent to the in vitro formation of chondral tissue and bone, as well as on potential multilayered complex tissues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ilaria Donelli
- Innovhub-Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria, Div. Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Alessandrino
- Innovhub-Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria, Div. Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Freddi
- Innovhub-Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria, Div. Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, Milan, Italy
| | - Showan N Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
O'Connell GD, Tan AR, Cui V, Bulinski JC, Cook JL, Attur M, Abramson SB, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Human chondrocyte migration behaviour to guide the development of engineered cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:877-886. [PMID: 25627968 DOI: 10.1002/term.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineering techniques have been successful in developing cartilage-like tissues in vitro using cells from animal sources. The successful translation of these strategies to the clinic will likely require cell expansion to achieve sufficient cell numbers. Using a two-dimensional (2D) cell migration assay to first identify the passage at which chondrocytes exhibited their greatest chondrogenic potential, the objective of this study was to determine a more optimal culture medium for developing three-dimensional (3D) cartilage-like tissues using human cells. We evaluated combinations of commonly used growth factors that have been shown to promote chondrogenic growth and development. Human articular chondrocytes (AC) from osteoarthritic (OA) joints were cultured in 3D environments, either in pellets or encapsulated in agarose. The effect of growth factor supplementation was dependent on the environment, such that matrix deposition differed between the two culture systems. ACs in pellet culture were more responsive to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) alone or combinations containing BMP2 (i.e. BMP2 with PDGF or FGF). However, engineered cartilage development within agarose was better for constructs cultured with TGFβ3. These results with agarose and pellet culture studies set the stage for the development of conditions appropriate for culturing 3D functional engineered cartilage for eventual use in human therapies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea R Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Cui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsai TL, Nelson BC, Anderson PA, Zdeblick TA, Li WJ. Intervertebral disc and stem cells cocultured in biomimetic extracellular matrix stimulated by cyclic compression in perfusion bioreactor. Spine J 2014; 14:2127-40. [PMID: 24882152 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration often causes back pain. Current treatments for disc degeneration, including both surgical and nonsurgical approaches, tend to compromise the disc movement and cannot fully restore functions of the IVD. Instead, cell-based IVD tissue engineering seems promising as an ultimate therapy for IVD degeneration. PURPOSE To tissue-engineer an IVD ex vivo as a biological substitute to replace degenerative IVD. STUDY DESIGN An extracellular matrix (ECM) structure-mimetic scaffold, cocultured human IVD cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and mechanical stimulation were used to biofabricate a tissue-engineered IVD. METHODS An optimal ratio of human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cells to hMSCs for AF generation within aligned nanofibers, and that of human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cells to hMSCs for NP generation within hydrogels were first determined after comparing different coculture ratios of hAF or hNP cells to hMSCs. Nanofibrous strips seeded with cocultured hAF cells/hMSCs were constructed into multilayer concentric rings, enclosing an inner core of hydrogel seeded with hNP cells/hMSCs. A piece of nonwoven nanofibrous mat seeded with hMSC-derived osteoblasts was assembled on the top of the cellular nanofiber/hydrogel assembly, as an interface layer between the cartilagenous end plate and vertebral body. The final assembled construct was then maintained in an osteochondral cocktail medium and stimulated with compressive loading to further enhance the hAF and hNP cells differentiation and increase the IVD ECM production. RESULTS Among all cocultured groups, hAF cells and hMSCs in the ratio of 2:1 cultured in nanofibers showed the closest mRNA expression levels of AF-related markers to positive control hAF cells, whereas hNP cells and hMSCs in the ratio of 1:2 cultured in hydrogels showed the closest expression levels of NP-related markers to positive control hNP cells. The effects of compressive loading on chondrogenesis of hAF or hNP cell and hMSC coculture were dependent on the scaffold structure; the expression of cartilage-related markers in AF nanofibers was downregulated, whereas that in NP hydrogel was upregulated. Interestingly, we found that hMSC-derived osteogenic cells in the interface layer were turned into chondrogenic lineage cells, with decreased expression of osteogenic markers and increased expression of chondrogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a unique approach using a biomimetic scaffold, IVD and stem cell coculture, and mechanical stimulation to tissue-engineer a biological IVD substitute. The results show that our approach provides both favorable physical and chemical cues through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and mechanobiological induction to enhance IVD generation ex vivo. Our findings may lead to viable tissue engineering applications of generating a functional biological IVD for the treatment of disc degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brenton C Nelson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul A Anderson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas A Zdeblick
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shimomura K, Moriguchi Y, Murawski CD, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N. Osteochondral tissue engineering with biphasic scaffold: current strategies and techniques. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:468-76. [PMID: 24417741 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The management of osteoarthritis (OA) remains challenging and controversial. Although several clinical options exist for the treatment of OA, regeneration of the damaged articular cartilage has proved difficult due to the limited healing capacity. With the advancements in tissue engineering and cell-based technologies over the past decade, new therapeutic options for patients with osteochondral lesions potentially exist. This review will focus on the feasibility of tissue-engineered biphasic scaffolds, which can mimic the native osteochondral complex, for osteochondral repair and highlight the recent development of these techniques toward tissue regeneration. Moreover, basic anatomy, strategy for osteochondral repair, the design and fabrication methods of scaffolds, as well as the choice of cells, growth factor, and materials will be discussed. Specifically, we focus on the latest preclinical animal studies using large animals and clinical trials with high clinical relevance. In turn, this will facilitate an understanding of the latest trends in osteochondral repair and contribute to the future application of such clinical therapies in patients with OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimomura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saha S, Kundu B, Kirkham J, Wood D, Kundu SC, Yang XB. Osteochondral tissue engineering in vivo: a comparative study using layered silk fibroin scaffolds from mulberry and nonmulberry silkworms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80004. [PMID: 24260335 PMCID: PMC3833924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to treat osteochondral defects is a major clinical need. Existing polymer systems cannot address the simultaneous requirements of regenerating bone and cartilage tissues together. The challenge still lies on how to improve the integration of newly formed tissue with the surrounding tissues and the cartilage-bone interface. This study investigated the potential use of different silk fibroin scaffolds: mulberry (Bombyx mori) and non-mulberry (Antheraea mylitta) for osteochondral regeneration in vitro and in vivo. After 4 to 8 weeks of in vitro culture in chondro- or osteo-inductive media, non-mulberry constructs pre-seeded with human bone marrow stromal cells exhibited prominent areas of the neo tissue containing chondrocyte-like cells, whereas mulberry constructs pre-seeded with human bone marrow stromal cells formed bone-like nodules. In vivo investigation demonstrated neo-osteochondral tissue formed on cell-free multi-layer silk scaffolds absorbed with transforming growth factor beta 3 or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Good bio-integration was observed between native and neo-tissue within the osteochondrol defect in patellar grooves of Wistar rats. The in vivo neo-matrix formed comprised of a mixture of collagen and glycosaminoglycans except in mulberry silk without growth factors, where a predominantly collagenous matrix was observed. Immunohistochemical assay showed stronger staining of type I and type II collagen in the constructs of mulberry and non-mulberry scaffolds with growth factors. The study opens up a new avenue of using inter-species silk fibroin blended or multi-layered scaffolds of a combination of mulberry and non-mulberry origin for the regeneration of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Saha
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Banani Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Biomineralisation Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
- * E-mail: (XBY); (SCK)
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (XBY); (SCK)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li B, Yang J, Ma L, Li F, Tu Z, Gao C. Influence of the molecular weight of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) on the in vivo cartilage repair by a construct of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/fibrin gel/mesenchymal stem cells/transforming growth factor-β1. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:1-11. [PMID: 23924293 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, LA/GA 75/25) sponges with different weight average molecular weights (Mw 52, 122, and 177 kDa) were fabricated and were used to build the constructs of PLGA/fibrin gel/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The PLGA 177 with the highest Mw (177 kDa) had the fastest degradation rate at the initial stage, whereas the PLGA 122 had the moderate degradation rate and smallest mass loss. After implantation in rabbit knees for 12 weeks, the full-thickness defects (both cartilage and subchondral bone were destroyed with a diameter and depth of 4 mm) repaired by the PLGA 122 group had formed a hyaline cartilage-like tissue with abundant glycosaminoglycans on the top layer and subchondral bone on the bottom layer. The group also achieved the best macroscopic (11.3 ± 0.8) and histological scoring (Wakitani, 0.5 ± 0.6). To unveil the mechanism of the cartilage repair outcome and the PLGA degradation behaviors, the chondrogenesis-related genes, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at week 1, 3, and 6 postsurgery. At each time point, the regenerated tissues by the PLGA 122 group had the highest mRNA expression of SOX9 and collagen type II, but the smallest mRNA expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, and MMP-13 and MMP-3. In summary, as a scaffolding matrix, the PLGA with different Mw shows a huge difference in cartilage regeneration in vivo. The one with a moderate Mw (122 kDa) causes the weakest inflammatory response and results in the best cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chang JC, Fujita S, Tonami H, Kato K, Iwata H, Hsu SH. Cell orientation and regulation of cell–cell communication in human mesenchymal stem cells on different patterns of electrospun fibers. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:055002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/5/055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
29
|
Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Controlled release strategies for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral engineering--Part I: recapitulation of native tissue healing and variables for the design of delivery systems. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2013; 19:308-26. [PMID: 23268651 PMCID: PMC3690094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential of growth factors to stimulate tissue healing through the enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is undeniable. However, critical parameters on the design of adequate carriers, such as uncontrolled spatiotemporal presence of bioactive factors, inadequate release profiles, and supraphysiological dosages of growth factors, have impaired the translation of these systems onto clinical practice. This review describes the healing cascades for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface, highlighting the role of specific growth factors for triggering the reactions leading to tissue regeneration. Critical criteria on the design of carriers for controlled release of bioactive factors are also reported, focusing on the need to provide a spatiotemporal control over the delivery and presentation of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E. Santo
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu XG, Jiang HK. Preparation of an osteochondral composite with mesenchymal stem cells as the single-cell source in a double-chamber bioreactor. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1645-53. [PMID: 23794047 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A double-chamber bioreactor has been developed to generate a tissue-engineered osteochondral composite (TEOC). However, a TEOC generally requires two types of cells (i.e. chondrogenic and osteogenic cells). Therefore, the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a single-cell source to work within a double-chamber bioreactor and biphasic scaffolds for generating TEOC was investigated. Compared with static culture, the double-chamber bioreactor not only can promote faster cellular proliferation, indicated by the PicoGreen dsDNA assay, SEM and confocal imaging, but also can trigger efficient chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in biphasic scaffolds simultaneously, evidenced by gene expression. Thus MSCs are promising as the ideal single-cell source and the double-chamber bioreactor is an advanced culture system to generate TEOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-guo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic One, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, No. 16, South Tuanjie Road, Xi'an, 710075, China,
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen K, Ng KS, Ravi S, Goh JCH, Toh SL. In vitro generation of whole osteochondral constructs using rabbit bone marrow stromal cells, employing a two-chambered co-culture well design. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:294-304. [PMID: 23495238 DOI: 10.1002/term.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of whole osteochondral constructs with a physiological structure has been a significant issue, both clinically and academically. In this study, we present a method using rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on a silk-RADA peptide scaffold in a specially designed two-chambered co-culture well for the generation of multilayered osteochondral constructs in vitro. This specially designed two-chambered well can simultaneously provide osteogenic and chondrogenic stimulation to cells located in different regions of the scaffold. We demonstrated that this co-culture approach could successfully provide specific chemical stimulation to BMSCs located on different layers within a single scaffold, resulting in the formation of multilayered osteochondral constructs containing cartilage-like and subchondral bone-like tissue, as well as the intermediate osteochondral interface. The cells in the intermediate region were found to be hypertrophic chondrocytes, embedded in a calcified extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagen types I, II and X. In conclusion, this study provides a single-step approach that highlights the feasibility of rabbit BMSCs as a single-cell source for multilayered osteochondral construct generation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Kian Siang Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Sujata Ravi
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore
| | - James C H Goh
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore
| | - Siew Lok Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
In this article, our research on osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) is summarized, the orthopedic literature is reviewed, and the direction of future research and treatment trends are discussed. Our research has explored the role of lesion size, significance of marrow edema, relationship of patient age, importance of lesion containment, and role of a stable cartilage lesion cap in the prognosis and outcomes of these lesions. We have identified smaller sized lesions, younger patients and contained lesions as independent predictors of success for the operative treatment of OLTs. Our data should facilitate the development of a more comprehensive treatment algorithm to more accurately predict success in operative management of these lesions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Scaffolds for cartilage repair of the ankle joint: The impact on surgical practice. Foot Ankle Surg 2013; 19:2-8. [PMID: 23337268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ideal management of osteochondral lesions in the ankle joint is still theme of debate. Scaffold-based repair is emerging as a new approach for regenerative treatment. METHODS Articles published in PubMed from 2000 to January 2012 addressing cartilage scaffold-based treatment were identified, including levels I-IV evidence clinical trials with measures of functional, clinical or imaging outcome. RESULTS The analysis showed a progressively increasing number of articles from 2000. The number of selected papers was 19:15 focusing on two-step and 4 on one-step procedures; no randomized studies, 3 comparative studies, 11 case series and 5 case reports were identified. CONCLUSIONS Regenerative surgical approach with scaffold-based procedures is emerging as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chondral lesions of the ankle. One step treatments simplify the procedure and the results reported are very close to the previous techniques. However, well-designed studies are lacking, and randomized long-term trials are necessary to confirm the potential of these techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Review - IV.
Collapse
|
34
|
Oni G, Lequeux C, Cho MJ, Zhang D, Lazcano E, Brown SA, Kenkel JM. Transdermal delivery of adipocyte-derived stem cells using a fractional ablative laser. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33:109-16. [PMID: 23277622 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x12469222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wound healing problems can pose a significant clinical challenge. Transdermal delivery of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) may be a possible solution to healing these recalcitrant, debilitating wounds. Pretreatment of the skin with a fractionated laser has already been shown to assist transdermal drug delivery both in vitro and in vivo and may be an ideal approach to facilitating delivery of ADSC to the target tissue. OBJECTIVES The authors investigate in a porcine model whether ADSC can be delivered transdermally following pretreatment with a fractional laser. METHODS After ethics approval was obtained, the abdomens of 2 adult female domestic pigs were pretreated with an erbium:YAG fractionated ablative laser. Following laser treatment, 20 × 10(6) bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled ADSC were applied topically to the first animal for 4 hours. The same number of BrdU-labeled ADSC was applied to the second animal for 48 hours. The animals were euthanized at the end of their respective treatment periods, and the BrdU-labeled ADSC were counted after tissue harvest. RESULTS At 4 hours, an average of 2.40 × 10(6) cells, or 12.0% of the total cells applied, were found in the tissue. At 48 hours, an average of 1.1 × 10(6) cells, or 5.5% of the total cells applied, were seen. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates that ADSC can be delivered transdermally through skin that has been pretreated with a laser. Potential future applications of this approach might include wound-healing or aesthetic indications. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the optimal number of ADSC to use in this approach, the best methods of application, and the effect of transdermally delivered ADSC on wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Oni
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX 75390-9132, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2012; 17:688-99. [PMID: 23147911 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835af316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
36
|
Nguyen LH, Annabi N, Nikkhah M, Bae H, Binan L, Park S, Kang Y, Yang Y, Khademhosseini A. Vascularized bone tissue engineering: approaches for potential improvement. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:363-82. [PMID: 22765012 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in bone tissue engineering (TE) in the past decade. However, classical bone TE strategies have been hampered mainly due to the lack of vascularization within the engineered bone constructs, resulting in poor implant survival and integration. In an effort toward clinical success of engineered constructs, new TE concepts have arisen to develop bone substitutes that potentially mimic native bone tissue structure and function. Large tissue replacements have failed in the past due to the slow penetration of the host vasculature, leading to necrosis at the central region of the engineered tissues. For this reason, multiple microscale strategies have been developed to induce and incorporate vascular networks within engineered bone constructs before implantation in order to achieve successful integration with the host tissue. Previous attempts to engineer vascularized bone tissue only focused on the effect of a single component among the three main components of TE (scaffold, cells, or signaling cues) and have only achieved limited success. However, with efforts to improve the engineered bone tissue substitutes, bone TE approaches have become more complex by combining multiple strategies simultaneously. The driving force behind combining various TE strategies is to produce bone replacements that more closely recapitulate human physiology. Here, we review and discuss the limitations of current bone TE approaches and possible strategies to improve vascularization in bone tissue substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lonnissa H Nguyen
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen K, Teh TKH, Ravi S, Toh SL, Goh JCH. Osteochondral Interface Generation by Rabbit Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Osteoblasts Coculture. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1902-11. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Kok Hiong Teh
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujata Ravi
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Lok Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Cho Hong Goh
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tang QO, Carasco CF, Gamie Z, Korres N, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Preclinical and clinical data for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue engineering. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1361-82. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.707182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
39
|
Rodrigues MT, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Engineering tendon and ligament tissues: present developments towards successful clinical products. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:673-86. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia T. Rodrigues
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark; 4806-909; Taipas; Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark; 4806-909; Taipas; Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark; 4806-909; Taipas; Guimarães; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|