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de Groot ER, Wang X, Wojtal K, Janson E, Alderliesten T, Tataranno ML, Benders MJNL, Dudink J. Association between sleep stages and brain microstructure in preterm infants: Insights from DTI analysis. Sleep Med 2024; 121:336-342. [PMID: 39053129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep stages and neural microstructure - measured using diffusion tensor imaging - of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and corticospinal tract in preterm infants. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 50 preterm infants born between 24 + 4 and 29 + 3 weeks gestational age was included in the study. Sleep stages were continuously measured for 5-7 consecutive days between 29 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks postmenstrual age using an in-house-developed, and recently published, automated sleep staging algorithm based on routinely measured heart rate and respiratory rate. Additionally, a diffusion tensor imaging scan was conducted at term equivalent age as part of standard care. Region of interest analysis of the posterior limb of the internal capsule was performed, and tractography was used to analyze the corticospinal tract. The association between sleep and white matter microstructure of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and corticospinal tract was examined using a multiple linear regression model, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The results of the analyses revealed an interaction effect between sleep stage and days of invasive ventilation on the fractional anisotropy of the left and right posterior limb of the internal capsule (β = 0.04, FDR-adjusted p = 0.001 and β = 0.04, FDR-adjusted p = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, an interaction effect between sleep stage and days of invasive ventilation was observed for the radial diffusivity of the mean of the left and right PLIC (β = -4.1e-05, FDR-adjusted p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Previous research has shown that, in very preterm infants, invasive ventilation has a negative effect on white matter tract maturation throughout the brain. A positive association between active sleep and white matter microstructure of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, may indicate a protective role of sleep in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline R de Groot
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaudia Wojtal
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Els Janson
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Alderliesten
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Tataranno
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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de Groot ER, Dudink J, Austin T. Sleep as a driver of pre- and postnatal brain development. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03371-5. [PMID: 38956219 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In 1966, Howard Roffwarg proposed the ontogenic sleep hypothesis, relating neural plasticity and development to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a hypothesis that current fetal and neonatal sleep research is still exploring. Recently, technological advances have enabled researchers to automatically quantify neonatal sleep architecture, which has caused a resurgence of research in this field as attempts are made to further elucidate the important role of sleep in pre- and postnatal brain development. This article will review our current understanding of the role of sleep as a driver of brain development and identify possible areas for future research. IMPACT: The evidence to date suggests that Roffwarg's ontogenesis hypothesis of sleep and brain development is correct. A better understanding of the relationship between sleep and the development of functional connectivity is needed. Reliable, non-invasive tools to assess sleep in the NICU and at home need to be tested in a real-world environment and the best way to promote healthy sleep needs to be understood before clinical trials promoting and optimizing sleep quality in neonates could be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline R de Groot
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Topun Austin
- NeoLab, Evelyn Perinatal Imaging Centre, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114266. [PMID: 38787724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss negatively impacts cognitive function, and one untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We tested whether ML297, a hypnotic acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, could reverse sleep phenotypes and disrupted memory in Fmr1-/y mice. Fmr1-/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM architecture, altered sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas; these are partially reversed following ML297 administration. Treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning restores disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. During memory recall, Fmr1-/y mice show an altered balance of activity among hippocampal principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing interneurons; this is partially reversed by ML297. Because sleep disruption could impact neurophysiological phenotypes in FXS, augmenting sleep may improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William P Brancaleone
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn G Peterson
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Valentina Caicedo Garzon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roxanne E Perez Tremble
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Shaver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Ignatiadis K, Baier D, Barumerli R, Sziller I, Tóth B, Baumgartner R. Cortical signatures of auditory looming bias show cue-specific adaptation between newborns and young adults. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:56. [PMID: 38859821 PMCID: PMC11163589 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive biases in favor of approaching, or "looming", sounds have been found across ages and species, thereby implicating the potential of their evolutionary origin and universal basis. The human auditory system is well-developed at birth, yet spatial hearing abilities further develop with age. To disentangle the speculated inborn, evolutionary component of the auditory looming bias from its learned counterpart, we collected high-density electroencephalographic data across human adults and newborns. As distance-motion cues we manipulated either the sound's intensity or spectral shape, which is pinna-induced and thus prenatally inaccessible. Through cortical source localisation we demonstrated the emergence of the bias in both age groups at the level of Heschl's gyrus. Adults exhibited the bias in both attentive and inattentive states; yet differences in amplitude and latency appeared based on attention and cue type. Contrary to the adults, in newborns the bias was elicited only through manipulations of intensity and not spectral cues. We conclude that the looming bias comprises innate components while flexibly incorporating the spatial cues acquired through lifelong exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Baier
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Barumerli
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - István Sziller
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DBC, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Baumgartner
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Wang X, de Groot ER, Tataranno ML, van Baar A, Lammertink F, Alderliesten T, Long X, Benders MJNL, Dudink J. Machine Learning-Derived Active Sleep as an Early Predictor of White Matter Development in Preterm Infants. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1024232023. [PMID: 38124010 PMCID: PMC10860564 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1024-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter dysmaturation is commonly seen in preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Animal research has shown that active sleep is essential for early brain plasticity. This study aimed to determine the potential of active sleep as an early predictor for subsequent white matter development in preterm infants. Using heart and respiratory rates routinely monitored in the NICU, we developed a machine learning-based automated sleep stage classifier in a cohort of 25 preterm infants (12 females). The automated classifier was subsequently applied to a study cohort of 58 preterm infants (31 females) to extract active sleep percentage over 5-7 consecutive days during 29-32 weeks of postmenstrual age. Each of the 58 infants underwent high-quality T2-weighted magnetic resonance brain imaging at term-equivalent age, which was used to measure the total white matter volume. The association between active sleep percentage and white matter volume was examined using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for potential confounders. Using the automated classifier with a superior sleep classification performance [mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92], we found that a higher active sleep percentage during the preterm period was significantly associated with an increased white matter volume at term-equivalent age [β = 0.31, 95% CI 0.09-0.53, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value = 0.021]. Our results extend the positive association between active sleep and early brain development found in animal research to human preterm infants and emphasize the potential benefit of sleep preservation in the NICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Eline R de Groot
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Tataranno
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Lammertink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Alderliesten
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Long
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Patel M, Joshi B. Development of the sleep-wake switch in rats during the P2-P21 early infancy period. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 3:1340722. [PMID: 38239232 PMCID: PMC10794532 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1340722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In early infancy, rats randomly alternate between the sleeping and waking states-from postnatal day 2-10 (P2-P10), sleep and wake bouts are both exponentially distributed with increasing means, while from P10-P21 sleep and wake bout means continue to increase, though there is a striking qualitative shift in the distribution of wake bouts from exponential to power law. The behavioral states of sleep and wakefulness correspond to the activity of sleep-active and wake-active neuronal brainstem populations, with reciprocal inhibition between the two ensuring that only one population is active at a time. The locus coeruleus (LC) forms a third component of this circuit that rises in prominence during the P10-P21 period, as experimental evidence shows that an as-of-yet undeciphered interaction of the LC with sleep-active and wake-active populations is responsible for the transformation of the wake bout distribution from exponential to power law. Interestingly, the LC undergoes remarkable physiological changes during the P10-P21 period-gap junctions within the LC are pruned and network-wide oscillatory synchrony declines and vanishes. In this work, we discuss a series of models of sleep-active, wake-active, and the LC populations, and we use these models to postulate the nature of the interaction between these three populations and how these interactions explain empirical observations of sleep and wake bout dynamics. We hypothesize a circuit in which there is reciprocal excitation between the LC and wake-active population with inhibition from the sleep-active population to the LC that suppresses the LC during sleep bouts. During the P2-P10 period, we argue that a noise-based switching mechanism between the sleep-active and wake-active populations provides a simple and natural way to account for exponential bout distributions, and that the locked oscillatory state of the LC prevents it from impacting bout distributions. From P10-P21, we use our models to postulate that, as the LC gradually shifts from a state of synchronized oscillations to a state of continuous firing, reciprocal excitation between the LC and the wake-active population is able to gradually transform the wake bout distribution from exponential to power law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Patel
- Department of Mathematics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Badal Joshi
- Department of Mathematics, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
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7
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Luu P, Tucker DM. Continuity and change in neural plasticity through embryonic morphogenesis, fetal activity-dependent synaptogenesis, and infant memory consolidation. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22439. [PMID: 38010309 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an apparent continuity in human neural development that can be traced to venerable themes of vertebrate morphogenesis that have shaped the evolution of the reptilian telencephalon (including both primitive three-layered cortex and basal ganglia) and then the subsequent evolution of the mammalian six-layered neocortex. In this theoretical analysis, we propose that an evolutionary-developmental analysis of these general morphogenetic themes can help to explain the embryonic development of the dual divisions of the limbic system that control the dorsal and ventral networks of the human neocortex. These include the archicortical (dorsal limbic) Papez circuits regulated by the hippocampus that organize spatial, contextual memory, as well as the paleocortical (ventral limbic) circuits that organize object memory. We review evidence that these dorsal and ventral limbic divisions are controlled by the differential actions of brainstem lemnothalamic and midbrain collothalamic arousal control systems, respectively, thereby traversing the vertebrate subcortical neuraxis. These dual control systems are first seen shaping the phyletic morphogenesis of the archicortical and paleocortical foundations of the forebrain in embryogenesis. They then provide dual modes of activity-dependent synaptic organization in the active (lemnothalamic) and quiet (collothalamic) stages of fetal sleep. Finally, these regulatory systems mature to form the major systems of memory consolidation of postnatal development, including the rapid eye movement (lemnothalamic) consolidation of implicit memory and social attachment in the first year, and then-in a subsequent stage-the non-REM (collothalamic) consolidation of explicit memory that is integral to the autonomy and individuation of the second year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Luu
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Don M Tucker
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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de Groot ER, Ryan MA, Sam C, Verschuren O, Alderliesten T, Dudink J, van den Hoogen A. Evaluation of Sleep Practices and Knowledge in Neonatal Healthcare. Adv Neonatal Care 2023; 23:499-508. [PMID: 37595146 PMCID: PMC10686278 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental care is designed to optimize early brain maturation by integrating procedures that support a healing environment. Protecting preterm sleep is important in developmental care. However, it is unclear to what extent healthcare professionals are aware of the importance of sleep and how sleep is currently implemented in the day-to-day care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). PURPOSE Identifying the current state of knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding neonatal sleep and how this is transferred to practice. METHODS A survey was distributed among Dutch healthcare professionals. Three categories of data were sought, including (1) demographics of respondents; (2) questions relating to sleep practices; and (3) objective knowledge questions relating to sleep physiology and importance of sleep. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rho test and Cramer's V test. Furthermore, frequency tables and qualitative analyses were employed. RESULTS The survey was completed by 427 participants from 34 hospitals in 25 Dutch cities. While healthcare professionals reported sleep to be especially important for neonates admitted in the NICU, low scores were achieved in the area of knowledge of sleep physiology. Most healthcare professionals (91.8%) adapted the timing of elective care procedures to sleep. However, sleep assessments were not based on scientific knowledge. Therefore, the difference between active sleep and wakefulness may often be wrongly assessed. Finally, sleep is rarely discussed between colleagues (27.4% regularly/always) and during rounds (7.5%-14.3% often/always). IMPLICATIONS Knowledge about sleep physiology should be increased through education among neonatal healthcare professionals. Furthermore, sleep should be considered more often during rounds and handovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline R. de Groot
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mary-Anne Ryan
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chanel Sam
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Verschuren
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Alderliesten
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes van den Hoogen
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (Mss de Groot and Sam and Drs Alderliesten, Dudink, and van den Hoogen), and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus (Drs Alderliesten and Dudink), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Ms Ryan); and UMC Utrecht Brain Center and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Verschuren), Utrecht University (Dr van den Hoogen), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Gao JX, Yan G, Li XX, Xie JF, Spruyt K, Shao YF, Hou YP. The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37759951 PMCID: PMC10526299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the main sleep correlate of dreaming. Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are a signature of REM sleep. They represent the physiological mechanism of REM sleep that specifically limits the processing of external information. PGO waves look just like a message sent from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus, the occipital cortex, and other areas of the brain. The dedicated visual pathway of PGO waves can be interpreted by the brain as visual information, leading to the visual hallucinosis of dreams. PGO waves are considered to be both a reflection of REM sleep brain activity and causal to dreams due to their stimulation of the cortex. In this review, we summarize the role of PGO waves in potential neural circuits of two major theories, i.e., (1) dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem; (2) PGO waves signaling to the cortex. In addition, the potential physiological functions during REM sleep dreams, such as memory consolidation, unlearning, and brain development and plasticity and mood regulation, are discussed. It is hoped that our review will support and encourage research into the phenomenon of human PGO waves and their possible functions in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Xin-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Karen Spruyt
- NeuroDiderot-INSERM, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Doi H, Furui A, Ueda R, Shimatani K, Yamamoto M, Sakurai K, Mori C, Tsuji T. Spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous movement in neonates are significantly linked to risk of autism spectrum disorders at 18 months old. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13869. [PMID: 37620366 PMCID: PMC10449803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants make spontaneous movements from the prenatal period. Several studies indicate that an atypical pattern of body motion during infancy could be utilized as an early biomarker of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, to date, little is known about whether the body motion pattern in neonates is associated with ASD risk. The present study sought to clarify this point by examining, in a longitudinal design, the link between features of spontaneous movement at about two days after birth and ASD risk evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers by their caregivers at 18 months old. The body movement features were quantified by a recently developed markerless system of infant body motion analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ASD risk at 18 months old is associated with the pattern of spontaneous movement at the neonatal stage. Further, logistic regression based on body movement features during sleep shows better performance in classifying high- and low-risk infants than during the awake state. These findings raise the possibility that early signs of ASD risk may emerge at a developmental stage far earlier than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- School of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8515, Japan.
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Akira Furui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Rena Ueda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Koji Shimatani
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1, Gakuen-machi, Mihara, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuji
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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11
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Guillamón-Vivancos T, Vandael D, Torres D, López-Bendito G, Martini FJ. Mesoscale calcium imaging in vivo: evolution and contribution to developmental neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1210199. [PMID: 37592948 PMCID: PMC10427507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging is commonly used to visualize neural activity in vivo. In particular, mesoscale calcium imaging provides large fields of view, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of neuron ensembles across the neuraxis. In the field of Developmental Neuroscience, mesoscopic imaging has recently yielded intriguing results that have shed new light on the ontogenesis of neural circuits from the first stages of life. We summarize here the technical approaches, basic notions for data analysis and the main findings provided by this technique in the last few years, with a focus on brain development in mouse models. As new tools develop to optimize calcium imaging in vivo, basic principles of neural development should be revised from a mesoscale perspective, that is, taking into account widespread activation of neuronal ensembles across the brain. In the future, combining mesoscale imaging of the dorsal surface of the brain with imaging of deep structures would ensure a more complete understanding of the construction of circuits. Moreover, the combination of mesoscale calcium imaging with other tools, like electrophysiology or high-resolution microscopy, will make up for the spatial and temporal limitations of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guillamón-Vivancos
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J. Martini
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
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12
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment reverses NREM sleep disruption and EEG desynchronization in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to rescue memory consolidation deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549070. [PMID: 37502832 PMCID: PMC10370139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found that Fmr1 -/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered in Fmr1 -/y mice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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13
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Nir Y, de Lecea L. Sleep and vigilance states: Embracing spatiotemporal dynamics. Neuron 2023; 111:1998-2011. [PMID: 37148873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The classic view of sleep and vigilance states is a global stationary perspective driven by the interaction between neuromodulators and thalamocortical systems. However, recent data are challenging this view by demonstrating that vigilance states are highly dynamic and regionally complex. Spatially, sleep- and wake-like states often co-occur across distinct brain regions, as in unihemispheric sleep, local sleep in wakefulness, and during development. Temporally, dynamic switching prevails around state transitions, during extended wakefulness, and in fragmented sleep. This knowledge, together with methods monitoring brain activity across multiple regions simultaneously at millisecond resolution with cell-type specificity, is rapidly shifting how we consider vigilance states. A new perspective incorporating multiple spatial and temporal scales may have important implications for considering the governing neuromodulatory mechanisms, the functional roles of vigilance states, and their behavioral manifestations. A modular and dynamic view highlights novel avenues for finer spatiotemporal interventions to improve sleep function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Sieratzki-Sagol Center for Sleep Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel.
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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14
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Choi D, Yeung HH, Werker JF. Sensorimotor foundations of speech perception in infancy. Trends Cogn Sci 2023:S1364-6613(23)00124-9. [PMID: 37302917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The perceptual system for speech is highly organized from early infancy. This organization bootstraps young human learners' ability to acquire their native speech and language from speech input. Here, we review behavioral and neuroimaging evidence that perceptual systems beyond the auditory modality are also specialized for speech in infancy, and that motor and sensorimotor systems can influence speech perception even in infants too young to produce speech-like vocalizations. These investigations complement existing literature on infant vocal development and on the interplay between speech perception and production systems in adults. We conclude that a multimodal speech and language network is present before speech-like vocalizations emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Choi
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Yale, CT, USA.
| | - H Henny Yeung
- Department of Linguistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Janet F Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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15
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Milman NE, Tinsley CE, Raju RM, Lim MM. Loss of sleep when it is needed most - Consequences of persistent developmental sleep disruption: A scoping review of rodent models. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100085. [PMID: 36567958 PMCID: PMC9768382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of development. Developmental sleep disruption (DSD) impacts brain maturation and has been associated with significant consequences on socio-emotional development. In humans, poor sleep during infancy and adolescence affects neurodevelopmental outcomes and may be a risk factor for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other neuropsychiatric illness. Given the wide-reaching and enduring consequences of DSD, identifying underlying mechanisms is critical to best inform interventions with translational capacity. In rodents, studies have identified some mechanisms and neural circuits by which DSD causes later social, emotional, sensorimotor, and cognitive changes. However, these studies spanned methodological differences, including different developmental timepoints for both sleep disruption and testing, different DSD paradigms, and even different rodent species. In this scoping review on DSD in rodents, we synthesize these various studies into a cohesive framework to identify common neural mechanisms underlying DSD-induced dysfunction in brain and behavior. Ultimately, this review serves the goal to inform the generation of novel translational interventions for human developmental disorders featuring sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah E.P. Milman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Dept. of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Tinsley
- Oregon Health and Science University, Dept. of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
| | - Ravikiran M. Raju
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- Oregon Health and Science University, Dept. of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97214, USA
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16
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Muheim CM, Ford K, Medina E, Singletary K, Peixoto L, Frank MG. Ontogenesis of the molecular response to sleep loss. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100092. [PMID: 37020466 PMCID: PMC10068260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) results in profound cellular and molecular changes in the adult mammalian brain. Some of these changes may result in, or aggravate, brain disease. However, little is known about how SD impacts gene expression in developing animals. We examined the transcriptional response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to SD across postnatal development in male mice. We used RNA sequencing to identify functional gene categories that were specifically impacted by SD. We find that SD has dramatically different effects on PFC genes depending on developmental age. Gene expression differences after SD fall into 3 categories: present at all ages (conserved), present when mature sleep homeostasis is first emerging, and those unique to certain ages. Developmentally conserved gene expression was limited to a few functional categories, including Wnt-signaling which suggests that this pathway is a core mechanism regulated by sleep. In younger ages, genes primarily related to growth and development are affected while changes in genes related to metabolism are specific to the effect of SD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Muheim
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ford
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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17
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Blumberg MS, Adolph KE. Protracted development of motor cortex constrains rich interpretations of infant cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:233-245. [PMID: 36681607 PMCID: PMC9957955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognition in preverbal human infants must be inferred from overt motor behaviors such as gaze shifts, head turns, or reaching for objects. However, infant mammals - including human infants - show protracted postnatal development of cortical motor outflow. Cortical control of eye, face, head, and limb movements is absent at birth and slowly emerges over the first postnatal year and beyond. Accordingly, the neonatal cortex in humans cannot generate the motor behaviors routinely used to support inferences about infants' cognitive abilities, and thus claims of developmental continuity between infant and adult cognition are suspect. Recognition of the protracted development of motor cortex should temper rich interpretations of infant cognition and motivate more serious consideration of the role of subcortical mechanisms in early cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Karen E Adolph
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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18
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Gómez LJ, Dooley JC, Blumberg MS. Activity in developing prefrontal cortex is shaped by sleep and sensory experience. eLife 2023; 12:e82103. [PMID: 36745108 PMCID: PMC9901933 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing rats, behavioral state exerts a profound modulatory influence on neural activity throughout the sensorimotor system, including primary motor cortex (M1). We hypothesized that similar state-dependent modulation occurs in prefrontal cortical areas with which M1 forms functional connections. Here, using 8- and 12-day-old rats cycling freely between sleep and wake, we record neural activity in M1, secondary motor cortex (M2), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). At both ages in all three areas, neural activity increased during active sleep (AS) compared with wake. Also, regardless of behavioral state, neural activity in all three areas increased during periods when limbs were moving. The movement-related activity in M2 and mPFC, like that in M1, is driven by sensory feedback. Our results, which diverge from those of previous studies using anesthetized pups, demonstrate that AS-dependent modulation and sensory responsivity extend to prefrontal cortex. These findings expand the range of possible factors shaping the activity-dependent development of higher-order cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex J Gómez
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- DeLTA Center, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- DeLTA Center, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
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19
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Muheim CM, Ford K, Medina E, Singletary K, Peixoto L, Frank MG. Ontogenesis of the molecular response to sleep loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.524266. [PMID: 36712085 PMCID: PMC9882159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) results in profound cellular and molecular changes in the adult mammalian brain. Some of these changes may result in, or aggravate, brain disease. However, little is known about how SD impacts gene expression in developing animals. We examined the transcriptional response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to SD across postnatal development in male mice. We used RNA sequencing to identify functional gene categories that were specifically impacted by SD. We find that SD has dramatically different effects on PFC genes depending on developmental age. Gene expression differences after SD fall into 3 categories: present at all ages (conserved), present when mature sleep homeostasis is first emerging, and those unique to certain ages in adults. Developmentally conserved gene expression was limited to a few functional categories, including Wnt-signaling which suggests that this pathway is a core mechanism regulated by sleep. In younger ages, genes primarily related to growth and development are affected while changes in genes related to metabolism are specific to the effect of SD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Muheim
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ford
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Washington State University Spokane, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 230, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane WA 99202, USA
- WSU Health Sciences Spokane, Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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20
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Mukherjee D, Kanold PO. Changing subplate circuits: Early activity dependent circuit plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1067365. [PMID: 36713777 PMCID: PMC9874351 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1067365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early neural activity in the developing sensory system comprises spontaneous bursts of patterned activity, which is fundamental for sculpting and refinement of immature cortical connections. The crude early connections that are initially refined by spontaneous activity, are further elaborated by sensory-driven activity from the periphery such that orderly and mature connections are established for the proper functioning of the cortices. Subplate neurons (SPNs) are one of the first-born mature neurons that are transiently present during early development, the period of heightened activity-dependent plasticity. SPNs are well integrated within the developing sensory cortices. Their structural and functional properties such as relative mature intrinsic membrane properties, heightened connectivity via chemical and electrical synapses, robust activation by neuromodulatory inputs-place them in an ideal position to serve as crucial elements in monitoring and regulating spontaneous endogenous network activity. Moreover, SPNs are the earliest substrates to receive early sensory-driven activity from the periphery and are involved in its modulation, amplification, and transmission before the maturation of the direct adult-like thalamocortical connectivity. Consequently, SPNs are vulnerable to sensory manipulations in the periphery. A broad range of early sensory deprivations alters SPN circuit organization and functions that might be associated with long term neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of SPN function in activity-dependent development during early life and integrate recent findings on the impact of early sensory deprivation on SPNs that could eventually lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didhiti Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Patrick O. Kanold ✉
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21
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Matei M, Bergel A, Pezet S, Tanter M. Global dissociation of the posterior amygdala from the rest of the brain during REM sleep. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1306. [PMID: 36443640 PMCID: PMC9705305 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) or paradoxical sleep is associated with intense neuronal activity, fluctuations in autonomic control, body paralysis and brain-wide hyperemia. The mechanisms and functions of these energy-demanding patterns remain elusive and a global picture of brain activation during REMS is currently missing. In the present work, we performed functional ultrasound imaging on rats over multiple coronal and sagittal brain sections during hundreds of spontaneous REMS episodes to provide the spatiotemporal dynamics of vascular activity in 259 brain regions spanning more than 2/3 of the total brain volume. We first demonstrate a dissociation between basal/midbrain and cortical structures, the first ones sustaining tonic activation during REMS while the others are activated in phasic bouts. Second, we isolated the vascular compartment in our recordings and identified arteries in the anterior part of the brain as strongly involved in the blood supply during REMS episodes. Finally, we report a peculiar activation pattern in the posterior amygdala, which is strikingly disconnected from the rest of the brain during most REMS episodes. This last finding suggests that the amygdala undergoes specific processing during REMS and may be linked to the regulation of emotions and the creation of dream content during this very state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matei
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bergel
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
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22
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Blumberg MS, Dooley JC, Tiriac A. Sleep, plasticity, and sensory neurodevelopment. Neuron 2022; 110:3230-3242. [PMID: 36084653 PMCID: PMC9588561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A defining feature of early infancy is the immense neural plasticity that enables animals to develop a brain that is functionally integrated with a growing body. Early infancy is also defined as a period dominated by sleep. Here, we describe three conceptual frameworks that vary in terms of whether and how they incorporate sleep as a factor in the activity-dependent development of sensory and sensorimotor systems. The most widely accepted framework is exemplified by the visual system where retinal waves seemingly occur independent of sleep-wake states. An alternative framework is exemplified by the sensorimotor system where sensory feedback from sleep-specific movements activates the brain. We prefer a third framework that encompasses the first two but also captures the diverse ways in which sleep modulates activity-dependent development throughout the nervous system. Appreciation of the third framework will spur progress toward a more comprehensive and cohesive understanding of both typical and atypical neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - James C Dooley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Alexandre Tiriac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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23
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Chen HL, Gao JX, Chen YN, Xie JF, Xie YP, Spruyt K, Lin JS, Shao YF, Hou YP. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep during Early Life: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13101. [PMID: 36293678 PMCID: PMC9602694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ontogenetic sleep hypothesis suggested that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is ontogenetically primitive. Namely, REM sleep plays an imperative role in the maturation of the central nervous system. In coincidence with a rapidly developing brain during the early period of life, a remarkably large amount of REM sleep has been identified in numerous behavioral and polysomnographic studies across species. The abundant REM sleep appears to serve to optimize a cerebral state suitable for homeostasis and inherent neuronal activities favorable to brain maturation, ranging from neuronal differentiation, migration, and myelination to synaptic formation and elimination. Progressively more studies in Mammalia have provided the underlying mechanisms involved in some REM sleep-related disorders (e.g., narcolepsy, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)). We summarize the remarkable alterations of polysomnographic, behavioral, and physiological characteristics in humans and Mammalia. Through a comprehensive review, we offer a hybrid of animal and human findings, demonstrating that early-life REM sleep disturbances constitute a common feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Our review may assist and promote investigations of the underlying mechanisms, functions, and neurodevelopmental diseases involved in REM sleep during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Xian Gao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Nong Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ping Xie
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot–INSERM, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier–Neurocampus Michel Jouvet, 95 Boulevard Pinel, CEDEX, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier–Neurocampus Michel Jouvet, 95 Boulevard Pinel, CEDEX, 69675 Bron, France
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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24
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Tabuena DR, Huynh R, Metcalf J, Richner T, Stroh A, Brunton BW, Moody WJ, Easton CR. Large-scale waves of activity in the neonatal mouse brain in vivo occur almost exclusively during sleep cycles. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:596-612. [PMID: 36250606 PMCID: PMC10166374 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous electrical activity plays major roles in the development of cortical circuitry. This activity can occur highly localized regions or can propagate over the entire cortex. Both types of activity coexist during early development. To investigate how different forms of spontaneous activity might be temporally segregated, we used wide-field trans-cranial calcium imaging over an entire hemisphere in P1-P8 mouse pups. We found that spontaneous waves of activity that propagate to cover the majority of the cortex (large-scale waves; LSWs) are generated at the end of the first postnatal week, along with several other forms of more localized activity. We further found that LSWs are segregated into sleep cycles. In contrast, cortical activity during wake states is more spatially restricted and the few large-scale forms of activity that occur during wake can be distinguished from LSWs in sleep based on their initiation in the motor cortex and their correlation with body movements. This change in functional cortical circuitry to a state that is permissive for large-scale activity may temporally segregate different forms of activity during critical stages when activity-dependent circuit development occurs over many spatial scales. Our data also suggest that LSWs in early development may be a functional precursor to slow sleep waves in the adult, which play critical roles in memory consolidation and synaptic rescaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Tabuena
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Randy Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenna Metcalf
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Richner
- Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bingni W Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Moody
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Curtis R Easton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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25
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Weiss JT, Donlea JM. Roles for Sleep in Neural and Behavioral Plasticity: Reviewing Variation in the Consequences of Sleep Loss. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:777799. [PMID: 35126067 PMCID: PMC8810646 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.777799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital physiological state that has been broadly conserved across the evolution of animal species. While the precise functions of sleep remain poorly understood, a large body of research has examined the negative consequences of sleep loss on neural and behavioral plasticity. While sleep disruption generally results in degraded neural plasticity and cognitive function, the impact of sleep loss can vary widely with age, between individuals, and across physiological contexts. Additionally, several recent studies indicate that sleep loss differentially impacts distinct neuronal populations within memory-encoding circuitry. These findings indicate that the negative consequences of sleep loss are not universally shared, and that identifying conditions that influence the resilience of an organism (or neuron type) to sleep loss might open future opportunities to examine sleep's core functions in the brain. Here, we discuss the functional roles for sleep in adaptive plasticity and review factors that can contribute to individual variations in sleep behavior and responses to sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T. Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey M. Donlea
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26
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Bik A, Sam C, de Groot E, Visser S, Wang X, Tataranno M, Benders M, van den Hoogen A, Dudink J. A scoping review of behavioral sleep stage classification methods for preterm infants. Sleep Med 2022; 90:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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28
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Dooley JC, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5501-5511.e5. [PMID: 34727521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With our eyes closed, we can track a limb's moment-to-moment location in space. If this capacity relied solely on sensory feedback from the limb, we would always be a step behind because sensory feedback takes time: for the execution of rapid and precise movements, such lags are not tolerable. Nervous systems solve this problem by computing representations-or internal models-that mimic movements as they are happening, with the associated neural activity occurring after the motor command but before sensory feedback. Research in adults indicates that the cerebellum is necessary to compute internal models. What is not known, however, is when-and under what conditions-this computational capacity develops. Here, taking advantage of the unique kinematic features of the discrete, spontaneous limb twitches that characterize active sleep, we captured the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model. Using rats at postnatal days (P) 12, P16, and P20, we compared neural activity in the ventral posterior (VP) and ventral lateral (VL) thalamic nuclei, both of which receive somatosensory input but only the latter of which receives cerebellar input. At all ages, twitch-related activity in VP lagged behind the movement, consistent with sensory processing; similar activity was observed in VL through P16. At P20, however, VL activity no longer lagged behind movement but instead precisely mimicked the movement itself; this activity depended on cerebellar input. In addition to demonstrating the emergence of internal models of movement, these findings implicate twitches in their development and calibration through, at least, the preweanling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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29
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Tokariev A, Breakspear M, Videman M, Stjerna S, Scholtens LH, van den Heuvel MP, Cocchi L, Vanhatalo S. Impact of In Utero Exposure to Antiepileptic Drugs on Neonatal Brain Function. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2385-2397. [PMID: 34585721 PMCID: PMC9157298 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero brain development underpins brain health across the lifespan but is vulnerable to physiological and pharmacological perturbation. Here, we show that antiepileptic medication during pregnancy impacts on cortical activity during neonatal sleep, a potent indicator of newborn brain health. These effects are evident in frequency-specific functional brain networks and carry prognostic information for later neurodevelopment. Notably, such effects differ between different antiepileptic drugs that suggest neurodevelopmental adversity from exposure to antiepileptic drugs and not maternal epilepsy per se. This work provides translatable bedside metrics of brain health that are sensitive to the effects of antiepileptic drugs on postnatal neurodevelopment and carry direct prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tokariev
- Baby Brain Activity Center (BABA), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital, HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Breakspear
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mari Videman
- Baby Brain Activity Center (BABA), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital, HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Stjerna
- Baby Brain Activity Center (BABA), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital, HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Baby Brain Activity Center (BABA), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital, HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Glanz RM, Dooley JC, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Sensory Coding of Limb Kinematics in Motor Cortex across a Key Developmental Transition. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6905-6918. [PMID: 34281990 PMCID: PMC8360693 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0921-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary motor cortex (M1) undergoes protracted development in mammals, functioning initially as a sensory structure. Throughout the first postnatal week in rats, M1 is strongly activated by self-generated forelimb movements-especially by the twitches that occur during active sleep. Here, we quantify the kinematic features of forelimb movements to reveal receptive-field properties of individual units within the forelimb region of M1. At postnatal day 8 (P8), nearly all units were strongly modulated by movement amplitude, especially during active sleep. By P12, only a minority of units continued to exhibit amplitude tuning, regardless of behavioral state. At both ages, movement direction also modulated M1 activity, though to a lesser extent. Finally, at P12, M1 population-level activity became more sparse and decorrelated, along with a substantial alteration in the statistical distribution of M1 responses to limb movements. These findings reveal a transition toward a more complex and informationally rich representation of movement long before M1 develops its motor functionality.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a fundamental role in the generation of voluntary movements and motor learning in adults. In early development, however, M1 functions as a prototypical sensory structure. Here, we demonstrate in infant rats that M1 codes for the kinematics of self-generated limb movements long before M1 develops its capacity to drive movements themselves. Moreover, we identify a key transition during the second postnatal week in which M1 activity becomes more informationally complex. Together, these findings further delineate the complex developmental path by which M1 develops its sensory functions in support of its later-emerging motor capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Glanz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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31
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Sokoloff G, Dooley JC, Glanz RM, Wen RY, Hickerson MM, Evans LG, Laughlin HM, Apfelbaum KS, Blumberg MS. Twitches emerge postnatally during quiet sleep in human infants and are synchronized with sleep spindles. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3426-3432.e4. [PMID: 34139191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, the stillness of sleep is punctuated by bursts of rapid eye movements (REMs) and myoclonic twitches of the limbs.1 Like the spontaneous activity that arises from the sensory periphery in other modalities (e.g., retinal waves),2 sensory feedback arising from twitches is well suited to drive activity-dependent development of the sensorimotor system.3 It is partly because of the behavioral activation of REM sleep that this state is also called active sleep (AS), in contrast with the behavioral quiescence that gives quiet sleep (QS)-the second major stage of sleep-its name. In human infants, for which AS occupies 8 h of each day,4 twitching helps to identify the state;5-8 nonetheless, we know little about the structure and functions of twitching across development. Recently, in sleeping infants,9 we documented a shift in the temporal expression of twitching beginning around 3 months of age that suggested a qualitative change in how twitches are produced. Here, we combine behavioral analysis with high-density electroencephalography (EEG) to demonstrate that this shift reflects the emergence of limb twitches during QS. Twitches during QS are not only unaccompanied by REMs, but they also occur synchronously with sleep spindles, a hallmark of QS. As QS-related twitching increases with age, sleep spindle rate also increases along the sensorimotor strip. The emerging synchrony between subcortically generated twitches and cortical oscillations suggests the development of functional connectivity among distant sensorimotor structures, with potential implications for detecting and explaining atypical developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ryan M Glanz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Wen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meredith M Hickerson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura G Evans
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Haley M Laughlin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Keith S Apfelbaum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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32
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Tikidji-Hamburyan RA, Colonnese MT. Polynomial, piecewise-Linear, Step (PLS): A Simple, Scalable, and Efficient Framework for Modeling Neurons. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:642933. [PMID: 34025382 PMCID: PMC8134741 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.642933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological neurons can be modeled with different levels of biophysical/biochemical details. The accuracy with which a model reflects the actual physiological processes and ultimately the information function of a neuron, can range from very detailed to a schematic phenomenological representation. This range exists due to the common problem: one needs to find an optimal trade-off between the level of details needed to capture the necessary information processing in a neuron and the computational load needed to compute 1 s of model time. An increase in modeled network size or model-time, for which the solution should be obtained, makes this trade-off pivotal in model development. Numerical simulations become incredibly challenging when an extensive network with a detailed representation of each neuron needs to be modeled over a long time interval to study slow evolving processes, e.g., development of the thalamocortical circuits. Here we suggest a simple, powerful and flexible approach in which we approximate the right-hand sides of differential equations by combinations of functions from three families: Polynomial, piecewise-Linear, Step (PLS). To obtain a single coherent framework, we provide four core principles in which PLS functions should be combined. We show the rationale behind each of the core principles. Two examples illustrate how to build a conductance-based or phenomenological model using the PLS-framework. We use the first example as a benchmark on three different computational platforms: CPU, GPU, and mobile system-on-chip devices. We show that the PLS-framework speeds up computations without increasing the memory footprint and maintains high model fidelity comparable to the fully-computed model or with lookup-table approximation. We are convinced that the full range of neuron models: from biophysical to phenomenological and even to abstract models, may benefit from using the PLS-framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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33
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Chini M, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Prefrontal Cortex Development in Health and Disease: Lessons from Rodents and Humans. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:227-240. [PMID: 33246578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) takes center stage among unanswered questions in modern neuroscience. The PFC has a Janus-faced nature: it enables sophisticated cognitive and social abilities that reach their maximum expression in humans, yet it underlies some of the devastating symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, appropriate prefrontal development is crucial for many high-order cognitive abilities and dysregulation of this process has been linked to various neuropsychiatric diseases. Reviewing recent advances in the field, with a primary focus on rodents and humans, we highlight why, despite differences across species, a cross-species approach is a fruitful strategy for understanding prefrontal development. We briefly review the developmental contribution of molecules and extensively discuss how electrical activity controls the early maturation and wiring of prefrontal areas, as well as the emergence and refinement of input-output circuitry involved in cognitive processing. Finally, we highlight the mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and their relevance for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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