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Gómez CM, Linares R, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Pelegrina S. Age-related changes in brain oscillatory patterns during an n-back task in children and adolescents. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112372. [PMID: 38849088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of brain oscillatory responses and their possible role in the working memory (WM) performance of children, adolescents and young adults was investigated. A set of 0- and 1-back tasks with letter stimuli were administered to a final sample of 131 subjects (between 6 and 20 years of age). A decrease in response times (RTs) and an increase of the sensitivity index d-prime (d') were seen with increased age. RTs increased and d' decreased with load, indicating higher difficulty for higher loads. Event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) were obtained by the convolution of Morlet wavelets on the recorded EEG. Statistical analyses were performed of the absolute and relative power of brain oscillations defined by topography, frequency and latency. Posterior alpha and beta ERD, and frontocentral theta ERS, were induced by the stimuli presented during the n-back task. While relative theta ERS increased with age, absolute theta ERS, absolute and relative alpha and, absolute beta ERD, decreased with age. Age-related improvement in behavioral performance was mediated by relative theta. Alpha and beta ERD were more pronounced for the most difficult task (1-back) and for the target condition. Globally, there was high consistency of the effects of target type and task load across development. Theta ERS maturation is a crucial step for improving WM performance during development, while alpha and beta ERD maturation seem to be less critical for behavioral performance improvement with age, possibly due to a sufficient level of alpha-beta ERD for good performance in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Gómez
- University of Sevilla, Experimental Psychology Department, Human Psychobiology Lab., Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Linares
- University of Jaén, Department of Psychology, Jaén, Spain
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Su K, Huang Z, Li Q, Fan M, Li T, Yin D. Dissociable functional responses along the posterior-anterior gradient of the frontal and parietal cortices revealed by parametric working memory and training. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02834-z. [PMID: 38995366 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
While the storage capacity is limited, accumulating studies have indicated that working memory (WM) can be improved by cognitive training. However, understanding how exactly the brain copes with limited WM capacity and how cognitive training optimizes the brain remains inconclusive. Given the hierarchical functional organization of WM, we hypothesized that the activation profiles along the posterior-anterior gradient of the frontal and parietal cortices characterize WM load and training effects. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 51 healthy volunteers and adopted a parametric WM paradigm and training method. In contrast to exclusively strengthening the activation of posterior areas, a broader range of activation concurrently occurred in the anterior areas to cope with increased memory load for all subjects at baseline. Moreover, there was an imbalance in the responses of the posterior and anterior areas to the same increment of 1 item at different load levels. Although a general decrease in activation after adaptive training, the changes in the posterior and anterior areas were distinct at different memory loads. Particularly, we found that the activation gradient between the posterior and anterior areas was significantly increased at load 4-back after adaptive training, and the changes were correlated with improvement in WM performance. Together, our results demonstrate a shift in the predominant role of posterior and anterior areas in the frontal and parietal cortices when approaching WM capacity limits. Additionally, the training-induced performance improvement likely benefits from the elevated neural efficiency reflected in the increased activation gradient between the posterior and anterior areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Dazhi Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China.
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 241002, China.
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Kumar G P, Panda R, Sharma K, Adarsh A, Annen J, Martial C, Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Sombrun C, Ganesan RA, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Gosseries O. Changes in high-order interaction measures of synergy and redundancy during non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by meditation, hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance. Neuroimage 2024; 293:120623. [PMID: 38670442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-order interactions are required across brain regions to accomplish specific cognitive functions. These functional interdependencies are reflected by synergistic information that can be obtained by combining the information from all the sources considered and redundant information (i.e., common information provided by all the sources). However, electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity is limited to pairwise interactions thereby precluding the estimation of high-order interactions. In this multicentric study, we used measures of synergistic and redundant information to study in parallel the high-order interactions between five EEG electrodes during three non-ordinary states of consciousness (NSCs): Rajyoga meditation (RM), hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance (AICT). We analyzed EEG data from 22 long-term Rajyoga meditators, nine volunteers undergoing hypnosis, and 21 practitioners of AICT. We here report the within-group changes in synergy and redundancy for each NSC in comparison with their respective baseline. During RM, synergy increased at the whole brain level in the delta and theta bands. Redundancy decreased in frontal, right central, and posterior electrodes in delta, and frontal, central, and posterior electrodes in beta1 and beta2 bands. During hypnosis, synergy decreased in mid-frontal, temporal, and mid-centro-parietal electrodes in the delta band. The decrease was also observed in the beta2 band in the left frontal and right parietal electrodes. During AICT, synergy decreased in delta and theta bands in left-frontal, right-frontocentral, and posterior electrodes. The decrease was also observed at the whole brain level in the alpha band. However, redundancy changes during hypnosis and AICT were not significant. The subjective reports of absorption and dissociation during hypnosis and AICT, as well as the mystical experience questionnaires during AICT, showed no correlation with the high-order measures. The proposed study is the first exploratory attempt to utilize the concepts of synergy and redundancy in NSCs. The differences in synergy and redundancy during different NSCs warrant further studies to relate the extracted measures with the phenomenology of the NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar G
- MILE Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Kanishka Sharma
- MILE Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Adarsh
- MILE Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jitka Annen
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville
- Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Arsene Bruny Integrated Oncological Center, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ramakrishnan Angarai Ganesan
- MILE Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Algology Interdisciplinary Center, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Zhao B, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Bai X. Long-Term Bridge Training Induces Functional Plasticity Changes in the Brain of Early-Adult Individuals. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:469. [PMID: 38920802 PMCID: PMC11200855 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of extended bridge expertise on rapid perceptual processing and brain functional plasticity in early adulthood, utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this investigation, we compared 6 high-level college bridge players with 25 college students lacking bridge experience, assessing their intelligence and working memory. Additionally, we scrutinized behavioral performance and whole-brain activation patterns during an image perceptual judgment task. Findings indicated significant group and interaction effects at the behavioral level. Bridge players exhibited prolonged reaction times and enhanced accuracy on card tasks. At the neural level, the activation level of bridge players in the occipital lobe exceeded that of ordinary college students, with more pronounced group effects in the motor area and inferior parietal lobule during card tasks. This implies that bridge expertise in early adulthood induces functional plasticity changes in regions associated with visual processing and automated mathematical computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhao
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Sports Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Brain Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010000, China
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Jung KS, Jung JH, Cho HY, In TS. Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation with Taping on Wrist Spasticity, Strength, and Upper Extremity Function in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2229. [PMID: 38673502 PMCID: PMC11051346 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Six months after the onset of stroke, over 60% of patients experience upper limb dysfunction, with spasticity being a major contributor alongside muscle weakness. This study investigated the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with taping on wrist spasticity, strength, and upper extremity function in patients with stroke. Methods: In total, 40 patients with stroke were included and randomly divided into two groups: the TENS + taping (n = 20, age 52.4 ± 9.3 (range: 39 to 70)) and TENS (n = 20, age 53.5 ± 10.8 (range: 39 to 74)) groups. All subjects performed 30 sessions of task-related training, which included 10 min of postural control training and 20 min of task performance. Additionally, all subjects received TENS on the spastic muscle belly for 30 min before task-related training. In the TENS + taping group, taping was additionally applied to the forearm and wrist but not in the TENS group. The Modified Ashworth Scale was used to measure spasticity, and a handheld dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity was used to evaluate the functional ability of the upper extremity. Results: In the TENS + taping group, spasticity and upper extremity function were significantly improved as compared to those in the TENS group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in muscle strength was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the combination of TENS and taping for spasticity and function of the upper extremity was more effective in relieving the spasticity than TENS alone. Therefore, we suggest this combination as an additional treatment for spasticity and function of the upper extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-sim Jung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-hwa Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hwi-young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-sung In
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Republic of Korea;
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Wang X, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Cai Q. The aging trajectories of brain functional hierarchy and its impact on cognition across the adult lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1331574. [PMID: 38313436 PMCID: PMC10837851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1331574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hierarchical network architecture of the human brain, pivotal to cognition and behavior, can be explored via gradient analysis using restingstate functional MRI data. Although it has been employed to understand brain development and disorders, the impact of aging on this hierarchical architecture and its link to cognitive decline remains elusive. Methods This study utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 350 healthy adults (aged 20-85) to investigate the functional hierarchical network using connectome gradient analysis with a cross-age sliding window approach. Gradient-related metrics were estimated and correlated with age to evaluate trajectory of gradient changes across lifespan. Results The principal gradient (unimodal-to-transmodal) demonstrated a significant non-linear relationship with age, whereas the secondary gradient (visual-to-somatomotor) showed a simple linear decreasing pattern. Among the principal gradient, significant age-related changes were observed in the somatomotor, dorsal attention, limbic and default mode networks. The changes in the gradient scores of both the somatomotor and frontal-parietal networks were associated with greater working memory and visuospatial ability. Gender differences were found in global gradient metrics and gradient scores of somatomotor and default mode networks in the principal gradient, with no interaction with age effect. Discussion Our study delves into the aging trajectories of functional connectome gradient and its cognitive impact across the adult lifespan, providing insights for future research into the biological underpinnings of brain function and pathological models of atypical aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qing Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Xu Z, Zhang P, Tu M, Zhang M, Lai Y. Brain optimization with additional study time: potential brain differences between high- and low-performance college students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1209881. [PMID: 37829066 PMCID: PMC10566635 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1209881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates potential differences in brain function among high-, average-, and low-performance college students using electroencephalography (EEG). We hypothesize that the increased academic engagement of high-performance students will lead to discernible EEG variations due to the brain's structural plasticity. 61 third-year college students from identical majors were divided into high-performance (n = 20), average-performance (n = 21), and low-performance (n = 20) groups based on their academic achievements. We conducted three EEG experiments: resting state, Sternberg working memory task, and Raven progressive matrix task. Comprehensive analyses of the EEG data from the three experiments focused on power spectral density (PSD) and functional connectivity, with coherence (COH) employed as our primary metric for the latter. The results showed that in all experiments, there were no differences in working memory ability and IQ scores among the groups, and there were no significant differences in the power spectral densities of the delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma bands among the groups. Notably, on the Raven test, compared to their high-performing peers, low-performing students showed enhanced functional connectivity in the alpha 1 (8-9 Hz) band that connects the frontal and occipital lobes. We explored three potential explanations for this phenomenon: fatigue, anxiety, and greater cognitive effort required for problem-solving due to inefficient self-regulation and increased susceptibility to distraction. In essence, these insights not only deepen our understanding of the neural basis that anchors academic ability, but also hold promise in guiding interventions that address students' diverse academic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- School of Business, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Chen Z, Wu B, Li G, Zhou L, Zhang L, Liu J. MAPT rs17649553 T allele is associated with better verbal memory and higher small-world properties in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:219-231. [PMID: 37413784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, over 90 genetic loci have been found to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in genome-wide association studies, nevertheless, the effects of these genetic variants on the clinical features and brain structure of PD patients are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) rs17649553 (C>T), a genetic variant associated with reduced PD risk, on the clinical manifestations and brain networks of PD patients. We found MAPT rs17649553 T allele was associated with better verbal memory in PD patients. In addition, MAPT rs17649553 significantly shaped the topology of gray matter covariance network and white matter network. Both the network metrics in gray matter covariance network and white matter network were correlated with verbal memory, however, the mediation analysis showed that it was the small-world properties in white matter network that mediated the effects of MAPT rs17649553 on verbal memory. These results suggest that MAPT rs17649553 T allele is associated with higher small-world properties in structural network and better verbal memory in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated with Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Guanglu Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liche Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Abul Hasan M, Shahid H, Ahmed Qazi S, Ejaz O, Danish Mujib M, Vuckovic A. Underpinning the neurological source of executive function following cross hemispheric tDCS stimulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 185:1-10. [PMID: 36634750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising technique for enhancement of executive functions in healthy as well as neurologically disturbed patients. However, the evidence regarding the neuropsychological and behavioral change with neurophysiological shifts as well as the mechanism of tDCS action as evidenced by activation of neuronal sources important for executive functions have remained unaddressed. The study thereby endeavors to (1) determine the neuropsychological, behavioral, and neurophysiological change induced with five sessions of bilateral tDCS stimulation and (2) identify putative neuronal sources related to the executive functions responsible for neuropsychological and behavioral change. For this single blinded study, a total of 40 healthy participants, randomly allocated to active (n = 19) or sham (n = 21) groups completed five sessions of 2 mA tDCS stimulation administered over Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) (F3 as anode, F4 as cathode). Repeated measure analysis was performed on neuropsychological (Everyday Memory Questionnaire and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), and behavioral assessment (n-Back and Stroop tests) to investigate within and between group differences. Pre and post neurophysiological (Electroencephalogram) results showed that bilateral tDCS stimulation activates cortical regions responsible for executive functions including updation (working memory) and inhibition (interference control or attention). Multiple sessions of bilateral tDCS stimulation results in a significant increase in theta, alpha, and beta-band activity in the DLPFC, cingulate and parietal cortex. This study provides evidence that tDCS can be used for performance enhancement of executive functions in able-bodied people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan; Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shahid
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan; Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - Saad Ahmed Qazi
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Ejaz
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Danish Mujib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- Biomedical Engineering Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Tröndle M, Popov T, Pedroni A, Pfeiffer C, Barańczuk-Turska Z, Langer N. Decomposing age effects in EEG alpha power. Cortex 2023; 161:116-144. [PMID: 36933455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing life expectancy is prompting the need to understand how the brain changes during healthy aging. Research utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) has found that the power of alpha oscillations decrease from adulthood on. However, non-oscillatory (aperiodic) components in the data may confound results and thus require re-investigation of these findings. Thus, the present report analyzed a pilot and two additional independent samples (total N = 533) of resting-state EEG from healthy young and elderly individuals. A newly developed algorithm was utilized that allows the decomposition of the measured signal into periodic and aperiodic signal components. By using multivariate sequential Bayesian updating of the age effect in each signal component, evidence across the datasets was accumulated. It was hypothesized that previously reported age-related alpha power differences will largely diminish when total power is adjusted for the aperiodic signal component. First, the age-related decrease in total alpha power was replicated. Concurrently, decreases of the intercept and slope (i.e. exponent) of the aperiodic signal component were observed. Findings on aperiodic-adjusted alpha power indicated that this general shift of the power spectrum leads to an overestimation of the true age effects in conventional analyses of total alpha power. Thus, the importance of separating neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic signal components is highlighted. However, also after accounting for these confounding factors, the sequential Bayesian updating analysis provided robust evidence that aging is associated with decreased aperiodic-adjusted alpha power. While the relation of the aperiodic component and aperiodic-adjusted alpha power to cognitive decline demands further investigation, the consistent findings on age effects across independent datasets and high test-retest reliabilities support that these newly emerging measures are reliable markers of the aging brain. Hence, previous interpretations of age-related decreases in alpha power are reevaluated, incorporating changes in the aperiodic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Tröndle
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pedroni
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zofia Barańczuk-Turska
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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Ben Izhak S, Lavidor M. Strategy and Core Cognitive Training Effects on Working Memory Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2023.2172413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Ben Izhak
- Department of Psychology, and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Department of Psychology, and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University
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Filippi M, Spinelli EG, Cividini C, Ghirelli A, Basaia S, Agosta F. The human functional connectome in neurodegenerative diseases: relationship to pathology and clinical progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:59-73. [PMID: 36710600 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2174016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases can be considered as 'disconnection syndromes,' in which a communication breakdown prompts cognitive or motor dysfunction. Mathematical models applied to functional resting-state MRI allow for the organization of the brain into nodes and edges, which interact to form the functional brain connectome. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the recent applications of functional connectomics to neurodegenerative diseases, from preclinical diagnosis, to follow up along with the progressive changes in network organization, to the prediction of the progressive spread of neurodegeneration, to stratification of patients into prognostic groups, and to record responses to treatment. The authors searched PubMed using the terms 'neurodegenerative diseases' AND 'fMRI' AND 'functional connectome' OR 'functional connectivity' AND 'connectomics' OR 'graph metrics' OR 'graph analysis.' The time range covered the past 20 years. EXPERT OPINION Considering the great pathological and phenotypical heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases, identifying a common framework to diagnose, monitor and elaborate prognostic models is challenging. Graph analysis can describe the complexity of brain architectural rearrangements supporting the network-based hypothesis as unifying pathogenetic mechanism. Although a multidisciplinary team is needed to overcome the limit of methodologic complexity in clinical application, advanced methodologies are valuable tools to better characterize functional disconnection in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cividini
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alma Ghirelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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13
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Basharpoor S, Zakibakhsh Mohammadi N, Heidari F, Azarkolah A, Vicario CM, Salehinejad MA. Emotional working memory training improves cognitive inhibitory abilities in individuals with borderline personality trait: A randomized parallel-group trial. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:181-188. [PMID: 36155238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive inhibition impairment is one of the causes of impulsive behaviors in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training (EWMT) on cognitive inhibition in individuals with a clinically significant borderline personality trait. METHODS In a randomized, parallel-group trial, 40 individuals with borderline personality trait, were selected out of 1000 screened individuals and were randomly assigned to the experimental (N = 20) and waiting-list control (N = 20) groups based on the score on the Borderline Personality Scale and the follow-up Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of EWMT and the control group did not receive any intervention (waiting list). Participants completed the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and Go/No-Go task Before and after the intervention. RESULTS EWMT significantly reduced reaction time of incongruent trials in the SCWT and commission errors in the Go/No-Go task after the intervention only in the experimental group. Furthermore, the interference score in SCWT and commission error rate at the post-intervention time were significantly lower for the experimental vs the waitlist group. LIMITATIONS The single-blind design and absence of follow-up measures. CONCLUSIONS EWMT can improve cognitive inhibition in individuals with borderline personality trait and could be used for therapeutic purposes of impulsivity behavior in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Basharpoor
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Nasim Zakibakhsh Mohammadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fazeleh Heidari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Anita Azarkolah
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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14
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Teng C, Wang M, Wang W, Ma J, Jia M, Wu M, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu J. Abnormal Properties of Cortical Functional Brain Network in Major Depressive Disorder: Graph Theory Analysis Based on Electroencephalography-Source Estimates. Neuroscience 2022; 506:80-90. [PMID: 36272697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) had shown altered topological organization of functional brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most previous EEG-based network analyses were performed at sensor level, while the interpretation of obtained results was not straightforward due to volume conduction effect. To reduce the impact of this defect, the whole cortical functional brain networks of MDD patients were studied during resting state based on EEG-source estimates in this paper. First, scalp EEG signals were recorded from 19 patients with MDD and 20 normal controls under resting eyes-closed state, and cortical neural signals were estimated by using sLORETA method. Then, the correntropy coefficient of wavelet packet coefficients was performed to calculate functional connectivity (FC) matrices in four different frequency bands: δ, θ, α, β, respectively. Afterwards, topological properties of brain networks were analyzed by graph theory approaches. The results showed that the global FC strength of MDD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects in α band. Also, it was found that MDD patients have abnormally increased clustering coefficient and local efficiency in both α and β bands compared to normal people. Furthermore, patients with MDD exhibited increased nodal clustering coefficients in the left lingual gryus and left precuneus in α band. In addition, β band global clustering coefficient was positively correlated with the scores of depression severity. Therefore, the findings indicated the cortical functional brain networks in MDD patients were disruptions, which suggested it would be one of potential causes of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; Department of Psychology, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China.
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15
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Zhong H, Wang J, Li H, Tian J, Fang J, Xu Y, Jiao W, Li G. Reorganization of Brain Functional Network during Task Switching before and after Mental Fatigue. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8036. [PMID: 36298387 PMCID: PMC9611295 DOI: 10.3390/s22208036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue is a widely studied topic on account of its serious negative effects. But how the neural mechanism of task switching before and after mental fatigue remains a question. To this end, this study aims to use brain functional network features to explore the answer to this question. Specifically, task-state EEG signals were recorded from 20 participants. The tasks include a 400-s 2-back-task (2-BT), followed by a 6480-s of mental arithmetic task (MAT), and then a 400-s 2-BT. Network features and functional connections were extracted and analyzed based on the selected task switching states, referred to from Pre_2-BT to Pre_MAT before mental fatigue and from Post_MAT to Post_2-BT after mental fatigue. The results showed that mental fatigue has been successfully induced by long-term MAT based on the significant changes in network characteristics and the high classification accuracy of 98% obtained with Support Vector Machines (SVM) between Pre_2-BT and Post_2-BT. when the task switched from Pre_2-BT to Pre_MAT, delta and beta rhythms exhibited significant changes among all network features and the selected functional connections showed an enhanced trend. As for the task switched from Post_MAT to Post_2-BT, the network features and selected functional connectivity of beta rhythm were opposite to the trend of task switching before mental fatigue. Our findings provide new insights to understand the neural mechanism of the brain in the process of task switching and indicate that the network features and functional connections of beta rhythm can be used as neural markers for task switching before and after mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huayun Li
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jinghong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weidong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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16
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Terstege DJ, Durante IM, Epp JR. Brain-wide neuronal activation and functional connectivity are modulated by prior exposure to repetitive learning episodes. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:907707. [PMID: 36160680 PMCID: PMC9501867 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.907707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory storage and retrieval are shaped by past experiences. Prior learning and memory episodes have numerous impacts on brain structure from micro to macroscale. Previous experience with specific forms of learning increases the efficiency of future learning. It is less clear whether such practice effects on one type of memory might also have transferable effects to other forms of memory. Different forms of learning and memory rely on different brain-wide networks but there are many points of overlap in these networks. Enhanced structural or functional connectivity caused by one type of learning may be transferable to another type of learning due to overlap in underlying memory networks. Here, we investigated the impact of prior chronic spatial training on the task-specific functional connectivity related to subsequent contextual fear memory recall in mice. Our results show that mice exposed to prior spatial training exhibited decreased brain-wide activation compared to control mice during the retrieval of a context fear memory. With respect to functional connectivity, we observed changes in several network measures, notably an increase in global efficiency. Interestingly, we also observed an increase in network resilience based on simulated targeted node deletion. Overall, this study suggests that chronic learning has transferable effects on the functional connectivity networks of other types of learning and memory. The generalized enhancements in network efficiency and resilience suggest that learning itself may protect brain networks against deterioration.
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17
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Grecco LH, Gonçalves GR, Perri BN, Bispo BA, Grandin IFJ, Gomes PVND, Bocchi AA, Oliveira KM, Maldonado DC, Silva MCPD. Association of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Neurofeedback With Declarative Memory and Cerebral Arterial Flow in University Students: Protocol for a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36294. [PMID: 36018619 PMCID: PMC9463621 DOI: 10.2196/36294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The performance of a task depends on ongoing brain activity, which can be influenced by attention, excitement, or motivation. Scientific studies have confirmed that mindfulness leads to better performance, health, and well-being. However, these cognitive efficiency modulating factors are nonspecific, can be difficult to control, and are not suitable to specifically facilitate neural processing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with neurofeedback on declarative memory and cerebral blood flow in university students. METHODS In this study, we will use transcranial direct current stimulation, a low-cost physical resource that is easy to apply, has few adverse effects, and is associated with a neurofeedback resource. This, in turn, has been shown to be a training program capable of improving working memory function. RESULTS Participants will be recruited between July 2022 and December 2022. This study is expected to conclude in July 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide preliminary results on the benefits of using the direct current neurostimulation and neurofeedback tools on the participants being analyzed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-7zs8b5; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7zs8b5. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro H Grecco
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliano R Gonçalves
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kennedy Martinez Oliveira
- Anatomy and Image Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diogo Correa Maldonado
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira da Silva
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Tröndle M, Popov T, Dziemian S, Langer N. Decomposing the role of alpha oscillations during brain maturation. eLife 2022; 11:77571. [PMID: 36006005 PMCID: PMC9410707 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical stages of the human lifespan, in which fundamental neural reorganizational processes take place. A substantial body of literature investigated accompanying neurophysiological changes, focusing on the most dominant feature of the human EEG signal: the alpha oscillation. Recent developments in EEG signal-processing show that conventional measures of alpha power are confounded by various factors and need to be decomposed into periodic and aperiodic components, which represent distinct underlying brain mechanisms. It is therefore unclear how each part of the signal changes during brain maturation. Using multivariate Bayesian generalized linear models, we examined aperiodic and periodic parameters of alpha activity in the largest openly available pediatric dataset (N=2529, age 5-22 years) and replicated these findings in a preregistered analysis of an independent validation sample (N=369, age 6-22 years). First, the welldocumented age-related decrease in total alpha power was replicated. However, when controlling for the aperiodic signal component, our findings provided strong evidence for an age-related increase in the aperiodic-adjusted alpha power. As reported in previous studies, also relative alpha power revealed a maturational increase, yet indicating an underestimation of the underlying relationship between periodic alpha power and brain maturation. The aperiodic intercept and slope decreased with increasing age and were highly correlated with total alpha power. Consequently, earlier interpretations on age-related changes of total alpha power need to be reconsidered, as elimination of active synapses rather links to decreases in the aperiodic intercept. Instead, analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data indicate that the maturational increase in aperiodic-adjusted alpha power is related to increased thalamocortical connectivity. Functionally, our results suggest that increased thalamic control of cortical alpha power is linked to improved attentional performance during brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Tröndle
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Dziemian
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Xu T, Dragomir A, Liu X, Yin H, Wan F, Bezerianos A, Wang H. An EEG study of human trust in autonomous vehicles based on graphic theoretical analysis. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:907942. [PMID: 36051853 PMCID: PMC9426721 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.907942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, human-centered transport research will likely shift to the interaction between humans and vehicles. This study focuses on the human trust variation in autonomous vehicles (AVs) as the technology becomes increasingly intelligent. This study uses electroencephalogram data to analyze human trust in AVs during simulated driving conditions. Two driving conditions, the semi-autonomous and the autonomous, which correspond to the two highest levels of automatic driving, are used for the simulation, accompanied by various driving and car conditions. The graph theoretical analysis (GTA) is the primary method for data analysis. In semi-autonomous driving mode, the local efficiency and cluster coefficient are lower in car-normal conditions than in car-malfunction conditions with the car approaching. This finding suggests that the human brain has a strong information processing ability while facing predictable potential hazards. However, when it comes to a traffic light with a car malfunctioning under the semi-autonomous driving mode, the characteristic path length is higher for the car malfunction manifesting a weak information processing ability while facing unpredictable potential hazards. Furthermore, in fully automatic driving conditions, participants cannot do anything and need low-level brain function to take emergency actions as lower local efficiency and small worldness for car malfunction. Our results shed light on the design of the human-machine interaction and human factor engineering on the high level of an autonomous vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- The Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- The N1 Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xucheng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Haojun Yin
- The Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Hellenic Institute of Transport (HIT), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hongtao Wang
- The Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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20
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Ken Tanaka G, Russell TA, Bittencourt J, Marinho V, Teixeira S, Hugo Bastos V, Gongora M, Ramim M, Budde H, Aprigio D, Fernando Basile L, Cagy M, Ribeiro P, Gupta DS, Velasques B. Open monitoring meditation alters the EEG gamma coherence in experts meditators: The expert practice exhibit greater right intra-hemispheric functional coupling. Conscious Cogn 2022; 102:103354. [PMID: 35636352 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the differences in frontoparietal EEG gamma coherence between expert meditators (EM) and naïve meditators (NM). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of twenty-one healthy adults divided under two groups (experts meditators vs. naive-meditators), with analyzing the intra-hemispheric coherence of frontoparietal gamma oscillations by electroencephalography during the study steps: EEG resting-state 1, during the open presence meditation practice, and EEG resting-state 2. RESULTS The findings demonstrated greater frontoparietal EEG coherence in gamma for experts meditators in the Fp1-P3, F4-P4, F8-P4 electrode pairs during rest 1 and rest 2 (p ≤ 0.0083). In addition, we evidenced differences in the frontoparietal EEG coherence for expert meditators in F4-P4, F8-P4 during the meditation (p ≤ 0.0083). CONCLUSION Our results can support evidence that the connectivity of the right frontoparietal network acts as a biomarker of the enhanced Open monitoring meditation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guaraci Ken Tanaka
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara A Russell
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience of King's College, London, UK
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Ramim
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danielle Aprigio
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- College of Science and Humanities, College of Health and Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, USA
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bioscience Department, School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li M, Wang Y, Lopez-Naranjo C, Hu S, Reyes RCG, Paz-Linares D, Areces-Gonzalez A, Hamid AIA, Evans AC, Savostyanov AN, Calzada-Reyes A, Villringer A, Tobon-Quintero CA, Garcia-Agustin D, Yao D, Dong L, Aubert-Vazquez E, Reza F, Razzaq FA, Omar H, Abdullah JM, Galler JR, Ochoa-Gomez JF, Prichep LS, Galan-Garcia L, Morales-Chacon L, Valdes-Sosa MJ, Tröndle M, Zulkifly MFM, Abdul Rahman MRB, Milakhina NS, Langer N, Rudych P, Koenig T, Virues-Alba TA, Lei X, Bringas-Vega ML, Bosch-Bayard JF, Valdes-Sosa PA. Harmonized-Multinational qEEG norms (HarMNqEEG). Neuroimage 2022; 256:119190. [PMID: 35398285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper extends frequency domain quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) methods pursuing higher sensitivity to detect Brain Developmental Disorders. Prior qEEG work lacked integration of cross-spectral information omitting important functional connectivity descriptors. Lack of geographical diversity precluded accounting for site-specific variance, increasing qEEG nuisance variance. We ameliorate these weaknesses. (i) Create lifespan Riemannian multinational qEEG norms for cross-spectral tensors. These norms result from the HarMNqEEG project fostered by the Global Brain Consortium. We calculate the norms with data from 9 countries, 12 devices, and 14 studies, including 1564 subjects. Instead of raw data, only anonymized metadata and EEG cross-spectral tensors were shared. After visual and automatic quality control, developmental equations for the mean and standard deviation of qEEG traditional and Riemannian DPs were calculated using additive mixed-effects models. We demonstrate qEEG "batch effects" and provide methods to calculate harmonized z-scores. (ii) We also show that harmonized Riemannian norms produce z-scores with increased diagnostic accuracy predicting brain dysfunction produced by malnutrition in the first year of life and detecting COVID induced brain dysfunction. (iii) We offer open code and data to calculate different individual z-scores from the HarMNqEEG dataset. These results contribute to developing bias-free, low-cost neuroimaging technologies applicable in various health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlos Lopez-Naranjo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiang Hu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | | | - Deirel Paz-Linares
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Cuban Center for Neurocience, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ariosky Areces-Gonzalez
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; University of Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca", Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Alexander N Savostyanov
- Humanitarian Institute, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Laboratory of Psychological Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A Tobon-Quintero
- Grupo Neuropsicología y Conducta - GRUNECO, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Research Department, Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud IPS Universitaria, Colombia
| | - Daysi Garcia-Agustin
- Cuban Center for Neurocience, La Habana, Cuba; The Cuban center aging longevity and health, Havana Cuba
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, China; Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu 611731, China
| | | | - Faruque Reza
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Fuleah Abdul Razzaq
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hazim Omar
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Janina R Galler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John F Ochoa-Gomez
- Grupo Neuropsicología y Conducta - GRUNECO, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, School of Medicine. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Leslie S Prichep
- Research & Development, BrainScope Company, Inc. Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Psychiatry (Ret.), Brain Research Laboratories, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Lilia Morales-Chacon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | | | - Marius Tröndle
- Department of Methods of Plasticity Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamic of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohd Faizal Mohd Zulkifly
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Muhammad Riddha Bin Abdul Rahman
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; School of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Malaysia
| | - Natalya S Milakhina
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Laboratory of Psychological Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Department of Methods of Plasticity Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program "Dynamic of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Rudych
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Department of Information Technologies Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Biomedical Data Processing Lab, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Maria L Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Cuban Center for Neurocience, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge F Bosch-Bayard
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Cuban Center for Neurocience, La Habana, Cuba; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada.
| | - Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Cuban Center for Neurocience, La Habana, Cuba.
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22
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Functional connectivity as a neural correlate of cognitive rehabilitation programs’ efficacy: A systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Ximena Suárez J, Gramann K, Fredy Ochoa J, Pablo Toro J, María Mejía A, Mauricio Hernández A. Changes in brain activity of trainees during laparoscopic surgical virtual training assessed with electroencephalography. Brain Res 2022; 1783:147836. [PMID: 35182572 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate changes in brain activity of trainees during laparoscopic surgical training from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in an ecological scenario with few restrictions for the user. Design Longitudinal study with two follow-up measurements in the first and last session of a 4-week training with LapSim laparoscopic surgery simulator. Variables analyzed include EEG neuronal activations in theta and alpha bands, tasks performance measures, and subjective measures such as perception of mental workload. Setting Medical School, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Participants First-year surgical residents (n = 16, age = 28.0 ± 2.6 years old, right-handed, 9 females) RESULTS: Significant improvements in tasks performance were found together with changes in neuronal activity over frontal and parietal cortex. These changes were also correlated with task performance through training sessions. CONCLUSIONS The use of neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography combined with source separation techniques allows evaluating neural changes associated with motor training. The experiment proposed in this work establishes less controlled recording conditions leading to a more realistic analysis scenario to cognitive assessment in residents training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Ximena Suárez
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group - GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Technical University Berlin, Germany; Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - John Fredy Ochoa
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group - GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Toro
- Trauma and Surgery, General Surgery Department, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Carrera 51d No. 62-29, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana María Mejía
- Simulation Center, Medical School, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Carrera 51d No. 62-29, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alher Mauricio Hernández
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group - GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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24
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van Balkom TD, van den Heuvel OA, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, Vriend C. Eight-week multi-domain cognitive training does not impact large-scale resting-state brain networks in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102952. [PMID: 35123203 PMCID: PMC8819471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is meta-analytic evidence for the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a randomized controlled trial where we found small positive effects of CT on executive function and processing speed in individuals with PD (ntotal = 140). In this study, we assessed the effects of CT on brain network connectivity and topology in a subsample of the full study population (nmri = 86). Participants were randomized into an online multi-domain CT and an active control condition and performed 24 sessions of either intervention in eight weeks. Resting-state functional MRI scans were acquired in addition to extensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments pre- and post-intervention. In line with our preregistered analysis plan (osf.io/3st82), we computed connectivity between 'cognitive' resting-state networks and computed topological outcomes at the whole-brain and sub-network level. We assessed group differences after the intervention with mixed-model analyses adjusting for baseline performance and analyzed the association between network and cognitive performance changes with repeated measures correlation analyses. The final analysis sample consisted of 71 participants (n CT = 37). After intervention there were no group differences on between-network connectivity and network topological outcomes. No associations between neural network and neuropsychological performance change were found. CT increased segregated network topology in a small sub-sample of cognitively intact participants. Post-hoc nodal analyses showed post-intervention enhanced connectivity of both the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the CT group. The results suggest no large-scale brain network effects of eight-week computerized CT, but rather localized connectivity changes of key regions in cognitive function, that potentially reflect the specific effects of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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25
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Rossini PM, Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Di Iorio R, Iodice F, Cotelli M. General principles of brain electromagnetic rhythmic oscillations and implications for neuroplasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:221-237. [PMID: 35034737 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-plasticity describes the ability of the brain in achieving novel functions, either by transforming its internal connectivity, or by changing the elements of which it is made, meaning that, only those changes, that affect both structural and functional aspects of the system, can be defined as "plastic." The concept of plasticity can be applied to molecular as well as to environmental events that can be recognized as the basic mechanism by which our brain reacts to the internal and external stimuli. When considering brain plasticity within a clinical context-that is the process linked with changes of brain functions following a lesion- the term "reorganization" is somewhat synonymous, referring to the specific types of structural/functional modifications observed as axonal sprouting, long-term synaptic potentiation/inhibition or to the plasticity related genomic responses. Furthermore, brain rewires during maturation, and aging thus maintaining a remarkable learning capacity, allowing it to acquire a wide range of skills, from motor actions to complex abstract reasoning, in a lifelong expression. In this review, the contribution on the "neuroplasticity" topic coming from advanced analysis of EEG rhythms is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy; Department of Technical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate (Como), Italy
| | | | - Francesco Iodice
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Lee J, Chang WH, Chung JW, Kim SK, Lee JS, Sohn SI, Kim YH, Bang OY. Efficacy of Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Motor Recovery After Ischemic Stroke: A Neuroimaging Study. Stroke 2021; 53:20-28. [PMID: 34583525 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stem cell-based therapy is a promising approach to repair brain damage after stroke. This study was conducted to investigate changes in neuroimaging measures using stem cell-based therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS In this prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome evaluation, patients with severe middle cerebral artery territory infarct were assigned to the autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment or control group. Of 54 patients who completed the intervention, 31 for the MSC and 13 for the control groups were included in this neuroimaging analysis. Motor function was assessed before the intervention and 90 days after randomization using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale. Neuroimaging measures included fractional anisotropy values of the corticospinal tract and posterior limb of the internal capsule from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and strength of connectivity, efficiency, and density of the motor network from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS For motor function, the improvement ratio of the Fugl-Meyer assessment score was significantly higher in the MSC group compared with the control group. In neuroimaging, corticospinal tract and posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy did not decrease in the MSC group but significantly decreased at 90 days after randomization in the control group. Interhemispheric connectivity and ipsilesional connectivity significantly increased in the MSC group. Change in interhemispheric connectivity showed a significant group difference. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell-based therapy can protect corticospinal tract against degeneration and enhance positive changes in network reorganization to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01716481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.L., W.H.C., Y.-H.K.)
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.L., W.H.C., Y.-H.K.)
| | - Jong-Won Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-W.C., S.J.K., O.Y.B.).,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-W.C., O.Y.B.)
| | - Soo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea (S.-K.K.)
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea (S.-I.S.)
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.L., W.H.C., Y.-H.K.).,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-W.C., S.J.K., O.Y.B.).,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-W.C., O.Y.B.)
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27
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LUO SONG, CHEN RUI, YANG ZHENGTING, LI KUN. INTELLIGENCE LEVEL MIGHT BE PREDICTED BY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EEG SIGNALS AT SPECIFIC FREQUENCIES AND BRAIN REGIONS. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421400479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The total energy the brain consumed and the intensities of information flows across different brain regions in an intellectual activity may help to explain an individual’s intelligence level. To verify this assumption, 43 students aged 18–25 were recruited as the research subjects. Their intelligence quotients (IQ) were scored by using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), while their electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded simultaneously by using Neuroscan system. The total energy and distribution patterns of EEG signals were acquired in Curry 8.0. The intensities of information flow across different brain regions were measured by Phase Slope Index (PSI). 20 channels and 190 channel combinations were selected for data analysis. The results show that the IQ score negatively correlates to the EEG energy and positively correlates to the intensities of information flows at specific frequency bands in specific channel pairs, especially in some long distance (18–24[Formula: see text]cm) channel pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- SONG LUO
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - RUI CHEN
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - ZHENGTING YANG
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - KUN LI
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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28
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Hasegawa C, Takahashi T, Ikeda T, Yoshimura Y, Hiraishi H, Nobukawa S, Saito DN, Kumazaki H, Yaoi K, Hirata M, Asada M, Kikuchi M. Effects of familiarity on child brain networks when listening to a storybook reading: A magneto-encephalographic study. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118389. [PMID: 34265420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-child book reading is important for fostering the development of various lifelong cognitive and social abilities in young children. Despite numerous reports describing the effects of familiarity on shared reading for children, the exact neural basis of the functional network architecture remains unclear. We conducted Magnet-Encephalographic (MEG) experiments using graph theory to elucidate the role of familiarity in shared reading in a child's brain network and to measure the connectivity dynamics of a child while Listening to Storybook Reading (LSBR), which represents the daily activity of shared book reading between the child and caregiver. The LSBR task was performed with normally developing preschool- and school-age children (N = 15) under two conditions: reading by their own mother (familiar condition) vs. an experimenter (unfamiliar condition). We used the phase lag index (PLI), which captures synchronization of MEG signals, to estimate functional connectivity. For the whole brain network topology, an undirected weighted graph was produced using 68 brain regions as nodes and interregional PLI values as edges for five frequency bands. Behavioral data (i.e., the degree of attention and facial expressions) were evaluated from video images of the child's face during the two conditions. Our results showed enhanced widespread functional connectivity in the alpha band during the mother condition. In the mother condition, the whole brain network in the alpha band exhibited topographically high local segregation with high global integration, indicating an increased small-world property. Results of the behavioral analysis revealed that children were more attentive and showed more positive facial expressions in the mother condition than in the experimenter condition. Behavioral data were significantly correlated with graph metrics in the mother condition but not in the experimenter condition. In this study, we identified the neural correlates of a familiarity effect in children's brain connectivity dynamics during LSBR. Furthermore, these familiarity-related brain dynamics were closely linked to the child's behavior. Graph theory applied to MEG data may provide useful insight into the familiarity-related child brain response in a naturalistic setting and its relevance to child attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; JSPS Oversea Research Fellow RRA, Visiting Fellow, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; Uozu Shinkei Sanatorium, Uozu 937-0017, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/Fukui, Japan.
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/Fukui, Japan; Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 921-1192, Japan.
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Sou Nobukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
| | - Daisuke N Saito
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/Fukui, Japan; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Yasuda Woman's University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Kumazaki
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Ken Yaoi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/Fukui, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Minoru Asada
- International Professional University of Technology in Osaka, Kita-ku 530-0001, Japan; Symbiotic Intelligent System Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/Fukui, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Li D, Cui X, Yan T, Liu B, Zhang H, Xiang J, Wang B. Abnormal Rich Club Organization in Hemispheric White Matter Networks of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1215-1229. [PMID: 31884863 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719892887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Brain network studies have revealed abnormal topology asymmetry of white matter (WM) in ADHD. Recently, rich club organization was proposed to be a key feature of brain network topology. However, abnormalities in the rich club organization of hemispheric WM networks in ADHD remain unclear. Method: Forty ADHD patients and 51 normal controls participated in this study. Structural networks were reconstructed based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and analyzed with graph theory. Results: The two groups exhibited different patterns of asymmetry in connectivity measures of rich club connections. ADHD patients showed more feeder connections than normal controls. Reduced rightward asymmetry was observed in connectivity measures of local connections involving several peripheral regions of the ADHD patients. In addition, abnormal regional asymmetry scores were associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: The topological changes in rich club organization provide a novel insight into the alteration of WM connections in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | | | - Ting Yan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
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30
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Chen Q, Baran TM, Turnbull A, Zhang Z, Rebok GW, Lin FV. Increased segregation of structural brain networks underpins enhanced broad cognitive abilities of cognitive training. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3202-3215. [PMID: 33955088 PMCID: PMC8193523 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the cognitive training field is inducing broad, far-transfer training effects. Thus far, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying broad training effects. Here, we tested a set of competitive hypotheses regarding the role of brain integration versus segregation underlying the broad training effect. We retrospectively analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial comparing neurocognitive effects of vision-based speed of processing training (VSOP) and an active control consisting of mental leisure activities (MLA) in older adults with MCI. We classified a subset of participants in the VSOP as learners, who showed improvement in executive function and episodic memory. The other participants in the VSOP (i.e., VSOP non-learners) and a subset of participants in the MLA (i.e., MLA non-learners) served as controls. Structural brain networks were constructed from diffusion tensor imaging. Clustering coefficients (CCs) and characteristic path lengths were computed as measures of segregation and integration, respectively. Learners showed significantly greater global CCs after intervention than controls. Nodal CCs were selectively enhanced in cingulate cortex, parietal regions, striatum, and thalamus. Among VSOP learners, those with more severe baseline neurodegeneration had greater improvement in segregation after training. Our findings suggest broad training effects are related to enhanced segregation in selective brain networks, providing insight into cognitive training related neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Imaging SciencesUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Imaging SciencesUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhengwu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - George W. Rebok
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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31
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Dziemian S, Appenzeller S, von Bastian CC, Jäncke L, Langer N. Working Memory Training Effects on White Matter Integrity in Young and Older Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:605213. [PMID: 33935667 PMCID: PMC8079651 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.605213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Working memory is essential for daily life skills like reading comprehension, reasoning, and problem-solving. Healthy aging of the brain goes along with working memory decline that can affect older people's independence in everyday life. Interventions in the form of cognitive training are a promising tool for delaying age-related working memory decline, yet the underlying structural plasticity of white matter is hardly studied. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study to investigate the effects of an intensive four-week adaptive working memory training on white matter integrity quantified by global and tract-wise mean diffusivity. We compared diffusivity measures of fiber tracts that are associated with working memory of 32 young and 20 older participants that were randomly assigned to a working memory training group or an active control group. RESULTS The behavioral analysis showed an increase in working memory performance after the four-week adaptive working memory training. The neuroanatomical analysis revealed a decrease in mean diffusivity in the working memory training group after the training intervention in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus for the older adults. There was also a decrease in mean diffusivity in the working memory training group in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus for the older and young participants after the intervention. CONCLUSION This study shows that older people can benefit from working memory training by improving their working memory performance that is also reflected in terms of improved white matter integrity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, where the first is an essential component of the frontoparietal network known to be essential in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dziemian
- Department of Methods of Plasticity Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Appenzeller
- Department of Methods of Plasticity Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia C. von Bastian
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Department of Methods of Plasticity Research, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Research on Differential Brain Networks before and after WM Training under Different Frequency Band Oscillations. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6628021. [PMID: 33824657 PMCID: PMC8007374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that different frequency band oscillations are associated with cognitive processing such as working memory (WM). Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and graph theory can be used to measure functional connections between different brain regions and information interaction between different clusters of neurons. At the same time, it was found that better cognitive performance of individuals indicated stronger small-world characteristics of resting-state WM networks. However, little is known about the neural synchronization of the retention stage during ongoing WM tasks (i.e., online WM) by training on the whole-brain network level. Therefore, combining EEG coherence and graph theory analysis, the present study examined the topological changes of WM networks before and after training based on the whole brain and constructed differential networks with different frequency band oscillations (i.e., theta, alpha, and beta). The results showed that after WM training, the subjects' WM networks had higher clustering coefficients and shorter optimal path lengths than before training during the retention period. Moreover, the increased synchronization of the frontal theta oscillations seemed to reflect the improved executive ability of WM and the more mature resource deployment; the enhanced alpha oscillatory synchronization in the frontoparietal and fronto-occipital regions may reflect the enhanced ability to suppress irrelevant information during the delay and pay attention to memory guidance; the enhanced beta oscillatory synchronization in the temporoparietal and frontoparietal regions may indicate active memory maintenance and preparation for memory-guided attention. The findings may add new evidence to understand the neural mechanisms of WM on the changes of network topological attributes in the task-related mode.
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Koberda JL. QEEG as a Useful Tool for the Evaluation of Early Cognitive Changes in Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:119-125. [PMID: 32391721 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420914816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG)-electrical neuroimaging has been underutilized in general neurology practice. Recent advances in computer technology have made this electrophysiological testing relatively inexpensive as well as precise in identifying brain areas with electrical dysfunction related to either traumatic injury or neurodegenerative process. In this article, the author presents 2 cases that can be frequently encountered in every general neurological practice: case of early dementia and traumatic brain injury. The clinical usefulness of QEEG is demonstrated by showing evidence of electrical abnormalities and networks dysfunctions (including an elevation of frontal/temporal delta and theta powers as well as abnormalities in functional connectivity). In addition, the correlation of QEEG and findings from structural imaging technique-magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging and another functional imaging-positron emission tomography is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas Koberda
- Neurology, PL/Brain Enhancement Inc, TNBC, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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34
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Faraza S, Waldenmaier J, Dyrba M, Wolf D, Fischer FU, Knaepen K, Kollmann B, Tüscher O, Binder H, Mierau A, Riedel D, Fellgiebel A, Teipel S. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Functional Connectivity Predicts Working Memory Training Gains. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:592261. [PMID: 33732134 PMCID: PMC7956962 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.592261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Normal aging is associated with working memory decline. A decrease in working memory performance is associated with age-related changes in functional activation patterns in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cognitive training can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. We implemented a cognitive training study to assess determinants of generalization of training gains to untrained tasks, a key indicator for the effectiveness of cognitive training. We aimed to investigate the association of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of DLPFC with working memory performance improvement and cognitive gains after the training. Method: A sample of 60 healthy older adults (mean age: 68 years) underwent a 4-week neuropsychological training, entailing a working memory task. Baseline resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) images were acquired in order to investigate the FC of DLPFC. To evaluate training effects, participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment before and after the training. A second follow-up assessment was applied 12 weeks after the training. We used cognitive scores of digit span backward and visual block span backward tasks representing working memory function. The training group was divided into subjects who had and who did not have training gains, which was defined as a higher improvement in working memory tasks than the control group (N = 19). Results: A high FC of DLPFC of the right hemisphere was significantly associated with training gains and performance improvement in the visuospatial task. The maintenance of cognitive gains was restricted to the time period directly after the training. The training group showed performance improvement in the digit span backward task. Conclusion: Functional activation patterns of the DLPFC were associated with the degree of working memory training gains and visuospatial performance improvement. Although improvement through cognitive training and acquisition of training gains are possible in aging, they remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Faraza
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Waldenmaier
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian U Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristel Knaepen
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianca Kollmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibnitz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibnitz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mierau
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - David Riedel
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
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35
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Zhu L, Xiong X, Dong X, Zhao Y, Kawczyński A, Chen A, Wang W. Working memory network plasticity after exercise intervention detected by task and resting-state functional MRI. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1621-1632. [PMID: 33629647 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1891722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of an 11-week exercise intervention on brain activity during a working memory (WM) task and resting-state functional network connectivity in deaf children. Twenty-six deaf children were randomly assigned to either an 11-week exercise intervention or control conditions. Before and after the exercise intervention, all participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during N-back task performance and a resting state. The behavioural results showed that the exercise intervention improved WM performance. Task activation analyses showed an increase in the parietal, occipital, and temporal gyri and hippocampus and hippocampus (HIP). In addition, WM performance improvements were associated with greater activation in the left HIP region. Resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) between HIP and certain other brain areas shown a significant interaction of group (exercise versus no exercise) and time (pre- and postintervention). Moreover, connectivity between the left HIP and left middle frontal gyrus was related to improved WM performance. These data extend current knowledge by indicating that an exercise intervention can improve WM in deaf children, and these enhancements may be related to the WM network plasticity changes induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Xiong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adam Kawczyński
- Department of Paralympics Sports, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Zink N, Lenartowicz A, Markett S. A new era for executive function research: On the transition from centralized to distributed executive functioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:235-244. [PMID: 33582233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
"Executive functions" (EFs) is an umbrella term for higher cognitive control functions such as working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. One of the most challenging problems in this field of research has been to explain how the wide range of cognitive processes subsumed as EFs are controlled without an all-powerful but ill-defined central executive in the brain. Efforts to localize control mechanisms in circumscribed brain regions have not led to a breakthrough in understanding how the brain controls and regulates itself. We propose to re-conceptualize EFs as emergent consequences of highly distributed brain processes that communicate with a pool of highly connected hub regions, thus precluding the need for a central executive. We further discuss how graph-theory driven analysis of brain networks offers a unique lens on this problem by providing a reference frame to study brain connectivity in EFs in a holistic way and helps to refine our understanding of the mechanisms underlying EFs by providing new, testable hypotheses and resolves empirical and theoretical inconsistencies in the EF literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Agatha Lenartowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Hall SA, Lalee Z, Bell RP, Towe SL, Meade CS. Synergistic effects of HIV and marijuana use on functional brain network organization. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110040. [PMID: 32687963 PMCID: PMC7685308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV is associated with disruptions in cognition and brain function. Marijuana use is highly prevalent in HIV but its effects on resting brain function in HIV are unknown. Brain function can be characterized by brain activity that is correlated between regions over time, called functional connectivity. Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly being characterized by disruptions in such connectivity. We examined the synergistic effects of HIV and marijuana use on functional whole-brain network organization during resting state. Our sample included 78 adults who differed on HIV and marijuana status (19 with co-occurring HIV and marijuana use, 20 HIV-only, 17 marijuana-only, and 22 controls). We examined differences in local and long-range brain network organization using eight graph theoretical metrics: transitivity, local efficiency, within-module degree, modularity, global efficiency, strength, betweenness, and participation coefficient. Local and long-range connectivity were similar between the co-occurring HIV and marijuana use and control groups. In contrast, the HIV-only and marijuana-only groups were both associated with disruptions in brain network organization. These results suggest that marijuana use in HIV may normalize disruptions in brain network organization observed in persons with HIV. However, future work is needed to determine whether this normalization is suggestive of a beneficial or detrimental effect of marijuana on cognitive functioning in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana A Hall
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zahra Lalee
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ryan P Bell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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38
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de Kieviet JF, Lustenhouwer R, Königs M, van Elburg RM, Pouwels PJW, Oosterlaan J. Altered structural connectome and motor problems of very preterm born children at school-age. Early Hum Dev 2021; 152:105274. [PMID: 33227634 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infants born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) show distinct cognitive and motor problems throughout childhood. This study aims 1) to investigate differences in the structural connectome between very preterm born children and term born controls at school-age, and 2) to examine the relationship of the structural connectome with cognitive and motor problems. This study included 29 very preterm (12 males, mean age 8.6 years) and 52 term born peers (25 males, mean age 8.7 years). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Movement Assessment Battery for Children were used. Brain network measures of smallworldness, clustering coefficient and shortest path length based on fiber density of white matter tracts were determined from Diffusion Tensor Imaging data using probabilistic tractography. Smallworldness (F(1,79) = -2.09, p = .04, d = 0.52) and clustering coefficient (F(1,79) = -2.63, p = .01, d = 0.64) were significantly higher for very preterm children as compared to term peers. For Total Motor Impairment score and Manual Dexterity, there was a significant interaction between group and smallworldness (Beta = -10.81, p = .03 and Beta = -2.99, p = .004, respectively). Greater Total Motor Impairment and poorer Manual Dexterity were only significantly related to higher smallworldness in term controls (r = 0.35, p = .01 and r = 0.27, p = .04, respectively). Poorer Ball Skills were significantly related to higher smallworldness in both groups (Beta = -0.30, p = .03). This study clearly shows a more segregated network organization in very preterm children as compared to term peers. Importantly, motor problems go together with altered organization of the structural connectome in term born children, whereas this potential compensational process is only found for Ball Skills for very preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit F de Kieviet
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Renee Lustenhouwer
- Radboud UMC, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marsh Königs
- Amsterdam UMC Emma Children's Hospital, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- Amsterdam UMC Emma Children's Hospital, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Amsterdam UMC Emma Children's Hospital, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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39
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Kaposzta Z, Stylianou O, Mukli P, Eke A, Racz FS. Decreased connection density and modularity of functional brain networks during n-back working memory paradigm. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01932. [PMID: 33185986 PMCID: PMC7821619 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating how the brain adapts to increased mental workload through large-scale functional reorganization appears as an important research question. Functional connectivity (FC) aims at capturing how disparate regions of the brain dynamically interact, while graph theory provides tools for the topological characterization of the reconstructed functional networks. Although numerous studies investigated how FC is altered in response to increased working memory (WM) demand, current results are still contradictory as few studies confirmed the robustness of these findings in a low-density setting. METHODS In this study, we utilized the n-back WM paradigm, in which subjects were presented stimuli (single digits) sequentially, and their task was to decide for each given stimulus if it matched the one presented n-times earlier. Electroencephalography recordings were performed under a control (0-back) and two task conditions of varying difficulty (2- and 3-back). We captured the characteristic connectivity patterns for each difficulty level by performing FC analysis and described the reconstructed functional networks with various graph theoretical measures. RESULTS We found a substantial decrease in FC when transitioning from the 0- to the 2- or 3-back conditions, however, no differences relating to task difficulty were identified. The observed changes in brain network topology could be attributed to the dissociation of two (frontal and occipitotemporal) functional modules that were only present during the control condition. Furthermore, behavioral and performance measures showed both positive and negative correlations to connectivity indices, although only in the higher frequency bands. CONCLUSION The marked decrease in FC may be due to temporarily abandoned connections that are redundant or irrelevant in solving the specific task. Our results indicate that FC analysis is a robust tool for investigating the response of the brain to increased cognitive workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalan Kaposzta
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Eke
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Guo X, Yamashita M, Suzuki M, Ohsawa C, Asano K, Abe N, Soshi T, Sekiyama K. Musical instrument training program improves verbal memory and neural efficiency in novice older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1359-1375. [PMID: 33617124 PMCID: PMC7927292 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that musical instrument training may improve the cognitive function of older adults. However, little is known about the neural origins of training‐related improvement in cognitive function. Here, we assessed the effects of instrumental training program on cognitive functions and neural efficiency in musically naïve older adults (61–85 years old). Participants were assigned to either the intervention group, which received a 4‐month instrumental training program using keyboard harmonica, or a control group without any alternative training. Cognitive measurements and functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual working memory (VWM) task were administered before and after the intervention in both groups. Behavioral data revealed that the intervention group significantly improved memory performance on the test that measures verbal recall compared to the control group. Neuroimaging data revealed that brain activation in the right supplementary motor area, left precuneus, and bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCgG) during the VWM task decreased after instrumental training only in the intervention group. Task‐related functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed that the intervention group showed decreased FC between the right PCgG and left middle temporal gyrus, and between the left putamen and right superior temporal gyrus (lPu‐rSTG) during a VWM task after the intervention. Furthermore, a greater improvement in memory performance in the intervention group was associated with a larger reduction in lPu‐rSTG FC, which might be interpreted as improved neural efficiency. Our results indicate that the musical instrument training program may contribute to improvements in verbal memory and neural efficiency in novice older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chie Ohsawa
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,School of Music, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Child Care and Education, Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Soshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Emotional working memory training reduces rumination and alters the EEG microstate in anxious individuals. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102488. [PMID: 33395979 PMCID: PMC7689328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is an important etiological factor of anxiety pathology, with its mechanism related to the deficit of working memory. The current study examined whether working memory training (WM-T) and emotional working memory training (EWM-T) could reduce rumination in anxious individuals. The participants with high trait anxiety underwent 21 days of mobile applications-based WM-T (n = 34), EWM-T (n = 36) or placebo control (n = 36), with questionnaires, cognitive tasks, and resting electroencephalogram (EEG) as the pre-post-test indicators. The results revealed that two training groups obtained comparable operation span increases (WM-T: d = 0.53; EWM-T: d = 0.65), updating improvement (WM-T: d = 0.43; EWM-T: d = 0.60) and shifting improvement (WM-T: d = 0.49; EWM-T: d = 0.72). Furthermore, compared to the control group, the EWM-T showed significant self-reported rumination reduction (d = 0.69), increased inhibition ability (d = 0.72), as well as modification of resting EEG microstate C parameters (Duration C: d = 0.42, Coverage C: d = 0.39), which were closely related to rumination level (r ~ 0.4). The WM-T group also showed the potential to reduced self-reported rumination (d = 0.45), but with the absence of the observable inhibition improvement and resting EEG changes. The correlation analysis suggested that the emotional benefits of WM-T depending more on improved updating and shifting, and that of EWM-T depending more on improved inhibition ability. The advantage to add emotional distractions into general working memory training for targeting rumination related anxiety has been discussed.
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42
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Pei Z, Xu T, Bezerianos A, Li J, Sun Y, Wang H. The Effect of Longitudinal Training on Working Memory Capacities: An Exploratory EEG Study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:42-45. [PMID: 33017926 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study of working memory (WM) is a hot topic in recent years and accumulating literatures underlying the achievement and neural mechanism of WM. However, the effect of WM training on cognitive functions were rarely studied. In this study, nineteen healthy young subjects participated in a longitudinal design with one week N-back training (N=1,2,3,4). Experimental results demonstrated that training procedure could help the subjects master more complex psychological tasks when comparing the pre-training performance with those post-training. More specifically, the behavior accuracy increased from 68.14±9.34%, 45.09±14.90%, 39.12±12.71%, and 32.11±10.98% for 1-back, 2-back, 3-back and 4-back respectively to 73.52±4.01%, 69.14±5.28%, 69.09±6.41% and 64.41±5.12% after training. Furthermore, we applied electroencephalogram (EEG) power and functional connectivity to reveal the neural mechanisms of this beneficial effect and found that the EEG power of δ, θ and α band located in the left temporal and occipital lobe increased significantly. Meanwhile, the functional connectivity strength also increased obviously in δ and θ band. In sum, we showed positive effect of WM training on psychological performance and explored the neural mechanisms. Our findings may have the implications for enhancing the performance of participants who are prone to cognitive.
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43
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Lee MS, Kim BS. Effects of working memory intervention on language production by individuals with dementia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 31:1557-1581. [PMID: 32677586 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1789479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of working memory intervention on language production by people with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 39 AD patients, 21 with mild AD and 18 with moderate AD and 18 normal controls were given 18 sessions of working memory intervention. After these sessions, the transfer effects and maintenance effects at the 3-month follow-up were assessed. A word-span task and a digit-span task were used to evaluate working memory. Language-production abilities were compared through four tasks: a verbal fluency, a confrontation naming, a word definition, and a picture-description task. Task performances of working memory and language production were the lowest in the baseline stage and the highest in the transfer-effect stage. The three groups had transfer effects in all tasks, while the maintenance effects were limited by groups and tasks. This study proves that working memory intervention for AD patients is effective for language production. In addition, we have paved the way for working memory intervention to improve language production by AD patients in clinical settings by presenting the transfer and maintenance effect for each task of language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sook Lee
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, HUGS Center for Hearing and Speech Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Seon Kim
- Seoul Asan Rehabilitation Clinic, Incheon, Korea
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44
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Gudi-Mindermann H, Rimmele JM, Bruns P, Kloosterman NA, Donner TH, Engel AK, Röder B. Post-training Load-Related Changes of Auditory Working Memory - An EEG Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:72. [PMID: 32256326 PMCID: PMC7092637 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) refers to the temporary retention and manipulation of information, and its capacity is highly susceptible to training. Yet, the neural mechanisms that allow for increased performance under demanding conditions are not fully understood. We expected that post-training efficiency in WM performance modulates neural processing during high load tasks. We tested this hypothesis, using electroencephalography (EEG) (N = 39), by comparing source space spectral power of healthy adults performing low and high load auditory WM tasks. Prior to the assessment, participants either underwent a modality-specific auditory WM training, or a modality-irrelevant tactile WM training, or were not trained (active control). After a modality-specific training participants showed higher behavioral performance, compared to the control. EEG data analysis revealed general effects of WM load, across all training groups, in the theta-, alpha-, and beta-frequency bands. With increased load theta-band power increased over frontal, and decreased over parietal areas. Centro-parietal alpha-band power and central beta-band power decreased with load. Interestingly, in the high load condition a tendency toward reduced beta-band power in the right medial temporal lobe was observed in the modality-specific WM training group compared to the modality-irrelevant and active control groups. Our finding that WM processing during the high load condition changed after modality-specific WM training, showing reduced beta-band activity in voice-selective regions, possibly indicates a more efficient maintenance of task-relevant stimuli. The general load effects suggest that WM performance at high load demands involves complementary mechanisms, combining a strengthening of task-relevant and a suppression of task-irrelevant processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Gudi-Mindermann
- Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Rimmele
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Bruns
- Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels A Kloosterman
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias H Donner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Working memory updating training modulates a cascade of event-related potentials depending on task load. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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46
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Jaušovec N. The neural code of intelligence: From correlation to causation. Phys Life Rev 2019; 31:171-187. [PMID: 31706924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research into the neural underpinning of intelligence has mainly adopted a construct perspective: trying to find structural and functional brain characteristics that would accommodate the psychological concept of g. Few attempts have been made to explain intelligence exclusively based on brain characteristics - the brain perspective. From a methodological viewpoint the brain intelligence relation has been studied by means of correlational and interventional studies. The later providing a causal elucidation of the brain - intelligence relation. The best neuro-anatomical predictor of intelligence is brain volume showing a modest positive correlation with g, explaining between 9 to 16% of variance. The most likely explanation was that larger brains, containing more neurons, have a greater computational power and in that way allow more complex cognitive processing. Correlations with brain surface, thickness, convolution and callosal shape showed less consistent patterns. The development of diffusion tensor imaging has allowed researchers to look also into the microstructure of brain tissue. Consistently observed was a positively correlation between white matter integrity and intelligence, supporting the idea that efficient information transfer between hemispheres and brain areas is crucial for higher intellectual competence. Based on functional studies of the brain intelligence relationship three theories have been put forward: the neural efficiency, the P-FIT and the multi demand (MD) system theory. On the other hand, The Network Neuroscience Theory of g, based on methods from mathematics, physics, and computer science, is an example for the brain perspective on neurobiological underpinning of intelligence. In this framework network flexibility and dynamics provide the foundation for general intelligence. With respect to intervention studies the most promising results have been achieved with noninvasive brain stimulation and behavioral training providing tentative support for findings put forward by the correlational approach. To date the best consensus based on the diversity of results reported would be that g is predominantly determined by lateral prefrontal attentional control of structured sensory episodes in posterior brain areas. The capacity of flexible transitions between these network states represents the essence of intelligence - g.
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47
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Benito-León J, Sanz-Morales E, Melero H, Louis ED, Romero JP, Rocon E, Malpica N. Graph theory analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4686-4702. [PMID: 31332912 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a neurological disease with both motor and nonmotor manifestations; however, little is known about its underlying brain basis. Furthermore, the overall organization of the brain network in ET remains largely unexplored. We investigated the topological properties of brain functional network, derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in 23 ET patients versus 23 healthy controls. Graph theory analysis was used to assess the functional network organization. At the global level, the functional network of ET patients was characterized by lower small-worldness values than healthy controls-less clustered functionality of the brain. At the regional level, compared with the healthy controls, ET patients showed significantly higher values of global efficiency, cost and degree, and a shorter average path length in the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), right inferior temporal gyrus (posterior division and temporo-occipital part), right inferior lateral occipital cortex, left paracingulate, bilateral precuneus bilaterally, left lingual gyrus, right hippocampus, left amygdala, nucleus accumbens bilaterally, and left middle temporal gyrus (posterior part). In addition, ET patients showed significant higher local efficiency and clustering coefficient values in frontal medial cortex bilaterally, subcallosal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyri bilaterally (posterior division), right lingual gyrus, right cerebellar flocculus, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior semilunar lobule of cerebellum and culmen of vermis. Finally, the right intracalcarine cortex and the left orbitofrontal cortex showed a shorter average path length in ET patients, while the left frontal operculum and the right planum polare showed a higher betweenness centrality in ET patients. In conclusion, the efficiency of the overall brain functional network in ET is disrupted. Further, our results support the concept that ET is a disorder that disrupts widespread brain regions, including those outside of the brain regions responsible for tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sanz-Morales
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (LAIMBIO), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Melero
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (LAIMBIO), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Juan P Romero
- Faculty of Biosanitary Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.,Brain Damage Unit, Hospital Beata Maria Ana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rocon
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering group, Center for Automation and Robotics (CAR) CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Norberto Malpica
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (LAIMBIO), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Basharpoor S, Heidari F, Molavi P. EEG coherence in theta, alpha, and beta bands in frontal regions and executive functions. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 28:310-317. [PMID: 31282216 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1632860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions are higdevel cognitive processes that make possible the formation of flexible and adaptive goal-directed behaviors and the frontal lobes regulate these functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between frontal EEG coherence in theta, alpha, and beta bands and executive functions in adults. A sample of 168 students (Mage = 25.44 years, SD = 4.52) were included in this study. EEG records were recorded at the psychology laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (Iran), then intrahemispheric and interhemispheric coherence of frontal regions were analyzed using the NeuroGuide software. The participants were asked to fill in the Adult Executive Skills Questionnaire. Correlational results showed that there is a positive relationship between executive functions and EEG coherence in theta, alpha, and beta bands in frontal regions of the left hemisphere, EEG coherence of alpha and beta bands in frontal regions of the right hemisphere and EEG coherence of alpha band between frontal regions of the two hemispheres. The results of the regression analysis also revealed that coherence of alpha, beta, and theta bands between left and right frontal regions and coherence of beta and theta bands in the left frontal regions predict executive functions. These results indicate that the common activity of frontal cortex, especially the left hemisphere, is associated with executive functions and cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Basharpoor
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fazeleh Heidari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
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49
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Working memory training integrates visual cortex into beta-band networks in congenitally blind individuals. Neuroimage 2019; 194:259-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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50
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Deng L, Cheng Y, Cao X, Feng W, Zhu H, Jiang L, Wu W, Tong S, Sun J, Li C. The effect of cognitive training on the brain's local connectivity organization in healthy older adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9033. [PMID: 31227777 PMCID: PMC6588690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive training has been shown effective in improving the cognitive function of older adults. While training related plasticity of the brain has been observed at different levels, it is still open to exploration whether local functional connectivity (FC) may be affected by training. Here, we examined the neuroimaging data from a previous randomized-controlled double-blinded behavioural study, in which healthy older adults participated in a 3-month cognitive training program. Resting-state fMRI was acquired at baseline and one year after training. The local FC in the brain was estimated using the regional homogeneity (ReHo), and the high ReHo clusters (HRCs) were extracted to quantify the level of local FC integration. Results showed that: (i) HRCs exhibited a power-law size distribution; (ii) local FC were less integrated in older participants than in younger participants; (iii) local FC in older participants of the training group became more integrated after training than the control group; (iv) the baseline local FC integration was positively correlated with educational level. These results indicated a training-related alteration in local FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Neurocognitive Research Centre, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Brain Science and Technology Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Brain Science and Technology Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
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