1
|
Bird MJ, Cook AR, Zamadar M, Asaoka S, Miller JR. Pushing the limits of the electrochemical window with pulse radiolysis in chloroform. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14660-14670. [PMID: 32573579 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulse radiolysis (PR) enables the full redox window of a solvent to be accessed, as it does not require electrodes or electrolyte which limit the potentials accessible in voltammetry measurements. PR in chloroform has the additional possibility to enable reaching highly positive potentials because of its large ionization potential (IP). PR experiments demonstrated the formation of the (deuterated) chloroform radical cation CDCl3+˙, identifying it as the source of the broad absorption in the visible part of the spectrum. Results indicated that solutes with a redox potential up to +3.7 V vs. Fc/Fc+ can be oxidized by CDCl3+˙, which is far beyond what is possible with electrochemical techniques. Oxidation is not efficient because of rapid geminate recombination with chloride counterions, but also due to rapid decomposition of CDCl3+˙ which limits the yield of otherwise longer-lived free ions. The rapid, 6 ± 3 ns, decomposition, confirmed by two independent experiments, means that a solute must be present at a concentration >100 mM to capture >90% of the free holes formed. Addition of ethene removes the broad, overlapping absorptions from ubiquitous (chlorine atom, solute) complexes created by PR in halogenated solvents enabling clear observation of solute cations. The results also unravel the complex radiation chemistry of chloroform including the large reported value G(-CHCl3) = 12 molecules/100 eV for the decomposition of chloroform molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bird
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793, USA.
| | - Andrew R Cook
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793, USA.
| | - Matibur Zamadar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-3006, USA
| | - Sadayuki Asaoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugaskaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - John R Miller
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asano MS, Hashimoto S, Shinozuka T, Fushimi Y, Nomura K. Interaction between the end groups and the main chain of conjugated polymers by time-resolved EPR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1510140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoko S. Asano
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sho Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuya Shinozuka
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nomura K, Miwata T, Shinozuka T, Morita M, Geerts YH, Fujiki M, Asano MS. Terthiophene Functionalized Conjugated Triarm Polymers Containing Poly(fluorene-2,7-vinylene) Arms Having Different Cores-Synthesis and Their Unique Optical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5052-5063. [PMID: 31458719 PMCID: PMC6641954 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of three types of terthiophene (3T) functionalized conjugated triarm (star-shaped) polymers consisting of poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene-2,7-vinylene) (PFV) arms and different [2,4,6-tri(biphenyl)benzene (TBP), 1,3,5-tri(benzyl)benzene (TBB), and triphenylamine (TPA)] cores, prepared by combined olefin metathesis with Wittig coupling, have been studied. Relative intensities [increases in the higher vibronic bands, (0, 1) fluorescence (FL)] of the fully conjugated TPA-core polymers, TPA(PFV-3T)3, in the fluorescence (FL) spectra in tetrahydrofuran (toluene) solution were higher than those in the other triarm polymers, TBP(PFV-3T)3, TBB(PFV-3T)3, whereas no significant differences were observed in their UV-vis spectra; notable temperature dependences were not observed in the UV-vis and FL spectra (at -5, 25, and 55 °C). Remarkable differences were not observed in the spectra in these polymer thin films, whereas λmax values red-shifted due to the formation of J-type aggregates. The observation for the time-resolved study well corresponds to results for the steady-state fluorescence measurements. The observed unique emission by the star-shaped (triarm) polymer containing the TPA core would be assumed to be due to a difference in nature of the core (higher coplanarity) compared to that of the others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miwata
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takuya Shinozuka
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Munetsugu Morita
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamada T, Nomura K, Fujiki M. Noticeable Chiral Center Dependence of Signs and Magnitudes in Circular Dichroism (CD) and Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Spectra of all-trans-Poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s Bearing Chiral Alkyl Side Chains in Solution, Aggregates, and Thin Films. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5
Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Abdellatif MM, Nomura K. Olefin metathesis polymerization: Some recent developments in the precise polymerizations for synthesis of advanced materials (by ROMP, ADMET). Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
6
|
Asano MS, Yasuda Y, Kagota D, Haque T, Nomura K. Effects of terthiophene as the end-groups in triblock copolymers consisting of poly(fluorene vinylene) and oligo(phenylene vinylene): Time-resolved fluorescence and its anisotropy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Miyashita T, Kunisawa M, Sueki S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Poly(arylene vinylene)s with Different End Groups by Combining Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization with Wittig‐type Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Mikiko Kunisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sueki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nosova GI, Ilgach DM, Berezin IA, Zhukova EV, Kopylova TN, Nikonova EN, Gadirov RM, Smyslov RY, Yakimansky AV. White electroluminescence from polyfluorenes copolymerized with carbazole derivatives of Nile Red and 1,8-naphthalimide. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Miyashita T, Kunisawa M, Sueki S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Poly(arylene vinylene)s with Different End Groups by Combining Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization with Wittig‐type Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5288-5293. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Mikiko Kunisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sueki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fushimi Y, Koinuma M, Yasuda Y, Nomura K, Asano MS. Effects of End-Groups on Photophysical Properties of Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s Linked with Metalloporphyrins: Synthesis and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Misaki Koinuma
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yasuda
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miyashita T, Nomura K. Catalytic One-Pot Synthesis of End-Functionalized Poly(9,9′-di-n-octylfluorenevinylene)s by Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Polymerization Using Ruthenium–Carbene Catalysts. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yorsaeng S, Kato Y, Tsutsumi K, Inagaki A, Kitiyanan B, Fujiki M, Nomura K. Synthesis of Well-Defined Oligo(2,5-dialkoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)s with Chiral End Groups: Unique Helical Aggregations Induced by the Chiral Chain Ends. Chemistry 2015; 21:16764-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
13
|
Asano MS, Kagota D, Haque T, Koinuma M, Inagaki A, Nomura K. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra in the End-Functionalized Conjugated Triblock Copolymers Consisting of Poly(fluorene vinylene) and Oligo(phenylene vinylene): Proposal of Dynamical Distortion in the Excited State. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1,
Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Daichi Kagota
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Misaki Koinuma
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1,
Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nomura K, Haque T, Miwata T, Inagaki A, Takamizu K. Precise one-pot synthesis of fully conjugated end-functionalized star polymers containing poly(fluorene-2,7-vinylene) (PFV) arms. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile one-pot synthesis of end-functionalized star polymers consisting of PFVs has been achieved by olefin metathesis and Wittig-type coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miwata
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takamizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kopylova TN, Gadirov RM, Degtyarenko KM, Tel’minov EN, Solodova TA, Ponyavina EN, Nikonov SY, Nosova GI, Solovskaya NA, Berezin IA, Il’gach DM, Yakimansky AV. Spontaneous and stimulated emissions of copolyfluorenes during photo- and electro-excitation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Nosova GI, Lypenko DA, Smyslov RY, Berezin IA, Zhukova EV, Mal’tsev EI, Dmitriev AV, Litvinova LS, Solovskaya NA, Dobrokhotov OV, Abramov IG, Yakimanskii AV. Synthesis and photo- and electroluminescent properties of copolyfluorenes with nile red fragments in side chains. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Nomura K, Haque T, Onuma T, Hajjaj F, Asano MS, Inagaki A. Precise One-Pot Synthesis of End-Functionalized Conjugated Multi-Block Copolymers via Combined Olefin Metathesis and Wittig-type Coupling. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4022554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Taira Onuma
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Fatin Hajjaj
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Robb MJ, Montarnal D, Eisenmenger ND, Ku SY, Chabinyc ML, Hawker CJ. A One-Step Strategy for End-Functionalized Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Robb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Nancy D. Eisenmenger
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Sung-Yu Ku
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Department, §Materials Research Laboratory, and ∥Mitsubishi Chemical
Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Polo F, Rizzo F, Veiga-Gutierrez M, De Cola L, Quici S. Efficient Greenish Blue Electrochemiluminescence from Fluorene and Spirobifluorene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15402-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3054018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Polo
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Heisenbergstrasse
11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fabio Rizzo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), CNR, Via Golgi 19, I-20133
Milano, Italy
- Polo Scientifico Tecnologico (PST), CNR, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano,
Italy
| | - Manoel Veiga-Gutierrez
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Heisenbergstrasse
11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Heisenbergstrasse
11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silvio Quici
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), CNR, Via Golgi 19, I-20133
Milano, Italy
- Polo Scientifico Tecnologico (PST), CNR, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano,
Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marques AT, Burrows HD, Seixas de Melo JS, Valente AJM, Justino LLG, Scherf U, Fron E, Rocha S, Hofkens J, Snedden EW, Monkman AP. Spectroscopic properties, excitation, and electron transfer in an anionic water-soluble poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene)-perylenediimide copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7548-59. [PMID: 22554070 DOI: 10.1021/jp3000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An anionic fluorene-phenylene poly{1,4-phenylene-[9,9-bis(4-phenoxy-butylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl}-based copolymer containing on-chain perylenediimine (PDI) chromophoric units, PBS-PFP-PDI, was synthesized and its photophysical properties studied as aggregates and isolated chains in water and dioxane/water (1:1) solution. UV-vis and emission spectroscopy measurements, time-correlated single photon counting, and wide field imaging have been employed to investigate the excited-state behavior of the PBS-PFP-PDI copolymer, including the effect of environment on the energy and electron transfer to the on-chain PDI chromophore. Although the Förster overlap integral is favorable, no evidence is found for intramolecular singlet excitation energy transfer in isolated copolymer chains in solution. Fluorescence is suggested to involve an interchain process, thus revealing that isolated copolymer chains in solution do not undergo efficient intramolecular energy transfer. However, quenching of the PBS-PFP excited state by PDI is observed in aqueous media and ultrafast pump-probe studies in water or dioxane-water solutions show that electron transfer occurs from the phenylene-fluorene units to the PDI. The extent of electron transfer increases with aggregation, suggesting it is largely an interchain process. The interaction of the negatively charged PBS-PFP-PDI copolymer with the positively charged surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in solution has also been studied. The copolymer PBS-PFP-PDI aggregates with the surfactant already at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the nonpolar environment allows intermolecular energy transfer, observed by the weak emission band located at 630 nm that is associated with the emission of the PDI chromophore. However, the fact that the PDI photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (~1.4 ns) obtained in the presence of CTAB is considerably shorter than that of the nonaggregated chromophore (~5.4 ns) suggests that even in this case there is considerable PL quenching, possibly through some charge transfer route. The increase of the PBS-PFP-PDI photoluminescence intensity at surfactant concentrations above the cmc indicates deaggregation of polyelectrolyte within the initially formed polyelectrolyte-surfactant aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Marques
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zaikowski L, Kaur P, Gelfond C, Selvaggio E, Asaoka S, Wu Q, Chen HC, Takeda N, Cook AR, Yang A, Rosanelli J, Miller JR. Polarons, Bipolarons, and Side-By-Side Polarons in Reduction of Oligofluorenes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10852-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301494n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Zaikowski
- Chemistry and Physics
Department, Dowling College, Oakdale, NY
| | - Parmeet Kaur
- Chemistry and Physics
Department, Dowling College, Oakdale, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cook AR, Sreearunothai P, Asaoka S, Miller JR. Sudden, “Step” Electron Capture by Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11615-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205790k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Cook
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793-5000
| | - Paiboon Sreearunothai
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793-5000
- Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thai 12121, Thailand
| | - Sadayuki Asaoka
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - John R. Miller
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793-5000
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Paolo RE, Burrows HD, Morgado J, Maçanita AL. Photodynamics of a PV Trimer in High-Viscosity Solvents and in PMMA Films: A New Insight into Energy Transfer versus Conformational Relaxation in Conjugated Polymers. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:448-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Di Paolo RE, Gigante B, Esteves MA, Pires N, Santos C, Lameiro MH, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Maçanita AL. Picosecond Structural Relaxation of Abietic Acid Based Amine End CappedPara-Phenylenevinylene Trimers in Solution. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:2214-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
King SM, Matheson R, Dias FB, Monkman AP. Enhanced Triplet Formation by Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited States in Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8010-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. King
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - R. Matheson
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - F. B. Dias
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Monkman
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Seixas de Melo J, Pina J, Rodrigues L, Becker R. A comprehensive study of the spectral and photophysical properties of arylthiophenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Seixas de Melo JS, Burrows HD, Serpa C, Arnaut LG. The Triplet State of Indigo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2094-6. [PMID: 17299823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Takeda N, Asaoka S, Miller JR. Nature and energies of electrons and holes in a conjugated polymer, polyfluorene. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16073-82. [PMID: 17165760 DOI: 10.1021/ja062596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrons and holes were injected selectively into poly-2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (pF) dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) and a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) solution, respectively, using pulse radiolysis. Transient absorption spectra of monoions of both signs revealed two bands attributable to formation of polarons, one in the visible region (pF+* at 580 nm, pF-* at 600 nm) and another in the near-IR region. Additional confirmation for the identification of pF+* and pF-* comes from bimolecular charge-transfer reactions, such as bithiophene-* + pF --> pF-* or pF+* + TTA --> +TTA+* (TTA = tri-p-tolylamine), in which known radical ions transfer charge to pF or from pF. Difference absorption spectra of pF chemically reduced by sodium in THF provided a ratio of absorbance of anions formed to bleaching of the neutral band at 380 nm. In conjunction with pulse-radiolysis results, the data show that each polaron occupies 4.5 +/- 0.5 fluorene units, most probably contiguous units. Extensive reduction of pF by sodium also revealed resistance to formation of bipolarons: excess electrons reside as separate polarons when two or more electrons were injected. Redox equilibria with pyrene and terthiophene by pulse radiolysis established reversible one-electron redox potentials of E0(pF+/0) = +0.66 V and E0(pF0/-) = -2.65 V vs Fc+/0. Together with the excited-state energy, these results predict a singlet exciton binding energy of 0.2 eV for pF in the presence of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate. This binding energy would increase substantially without an electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cirpan A, Rathnayake HP, Lahti PM, Karasz FE. Luminescence of fluorenes 2,7-conjugatively extended with pyrenylvinylene and pyrenylvinylene-phenylenevinylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b703180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Seixas de Melo J, Rondão R, Burrows HD, Melo MJ, Navaratnam S, Edge R, Voss G. Photophysics of an Indigo Derivative (Keto and Leuco Structures) with Singular Properties. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13653-61. [PMID: 17181317 DOI: 10.1021/jp057451w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spectral and photophysical properties of the indigo derivative Cibalackrot in keto and reduced (leuco) forms were studied by absorption spectra, fluorescence and pulse radiolysis and compared with the structurally similar indigo. With the keto form of this dye, fluorescence (phiF = 0.76) and intersystem crossing (phiT = 0.11) are dominant, whereas with indigo, efficient internal conversion (phiIC = 0.99) is observed, probably involving proton transfer through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. With Cibalackrot, this pathway is blocked, supporting the above model for indigo. With the reduced form of Cibalackrot, more than 98% of the absorbed quanta are dissipated through S1 approximately --> S0 internal conversion, which contrasts with leuco-indigo, where fluorescence (phiF = 0.35), internal conversion (phiIC = 0.53) and intersystem crossing (phiT = 0.125) are found to be competitive. In addition, a synthetic precursor of Cibalackrot (preCiba) was also investigated. This has a rigid molecular structure (with a moiety identical to Cibalackrot and the other to indigo), but intra- or intermolecular proton transfer is allowed between adjacent carbonyl and N-H groups. With this precursor in its keto structure the photophysical parameters are generally very close to those of the keto form of indigo, and different from those of Cibalackrot. A more detailed investigation of the time-decay profiles of preCiba in dioxane (and with added water and D2O) has shown that these follow biexponential laws with a shorter component of 14-25 ps, which appears associated with a risetime at longer wavelength emissions (and to a positive preexponential at shorter emission wavelengths) and a longer lived (decay) component of 104-130 ps. In the steady-state spectra of preCiba, the variation with temperature reveals a blue shift of the emission maxima, which is interpreted as the presence (simultaneous emission) of two species (keto and enol) in the excited state. Indigo and deuterated indigo are also found to present a similar behavior. The overall data are interpreted as to be due to an excited-state process involving the proton transfer between keto and enol forms. Rate constants with values of 7 x 10(10) s-1 for preCiba and 1.6 x 10(11) s-1 for deuterated indigo were obtained. This inverse isotope effect is justified on the basis of the proposed model for proton-transfer excited-state deactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Seixas de Melo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fonseca SM, Pina J, Arnaut LG, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Chattopadhyay N, Alcacer L, Charas A, Morgado J, Monkman AP, Asawapirom U, Scherf U, Edge R, Navaratnam S. Triplet-State and Singlet Oxygen Formation in Fluorene-Based Alternating Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8278-83. [PMID: 16623508 DOI: 10.1021/jp060251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data are reported on the triplet states of a series of fluorene-based A-alt-B type alternating copolymers based on pulse radiolysis-energy transfer and flash photolysis experiments. From the pulse radiolysis experiments, spectra are given for eight copolymers involving phenylene, thiophene, benzothiadiazole, and oligothienylenevinylene groups. Quantum yields for triplet-state formation (PhiT) have been obtained by flash photolysis following laser excitation and in one case by photoacoustic calorimetry. In addition, yields of sensitized formation of singlet oxygen have been determined by time-resolved phosphorescence and are, in general, in excellent agreement with the PhiT values. In all cases, the presence of thiophene units is seen to increase intersystem-crossing quantum yields, probably because of the presence of the heavy sulfur atom. However, with the poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2'-ethylhexyl)fluorene)-alt-1,4-phenylene] (PFP), thiophene S,S-dioxide (PFTSO2) and benzothiadiazole (F8BT) copolymers, low yields of triplet formation are observed. With three of the copolymers, the energies of the triplet states have been determined. With PFP, the triplet energy is virtually identical to that of poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2'-ethylhexyl)fluorene)]. In contrast, with fluorene-thiophene copolymers PFaT and PF3T, the triplet energies are closer to those of thiophene oligomers, indicating that there is significant conjugation between fluorene and thiophene units but also that there is a more localized triplet state than with the homopolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Fonseca
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fratiloiu S, Grozema FC, Koizumi Y, Seki S, Saeki A, Tagawa S, Dudek SP, Siebbeles LDA. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Charged Oligofluorenes Studied by VIS/NIR Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5984-93. [PMID: 16553407 DOI: 10.1021/jp055785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and optical properties of charged oligofluorenes were studied experimentally and theoretically. Measurements of the optical absorption spectra of charged oligofluorenes in dilute solutions have been performed by using the pulse radiolysis technique. In addition, optical absorption spectra of radical cations and anions in a solid matrix were measured after gamma-irradiation at 77 K. The optical absorption spectra were measured in the range of 440-2100 nm (0.6-2.8 eV) and compared with results from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The calculated charge induced deformations and charge distribution do not indicate the occurrence of polaronic effects. The potential energy profiles for rotation around the inter-unit bond show that oligofluorenes are nonplanar in their neutral state, while they tend to more planar structures in their charged state. The optical absorption spectra of charged oligofluorenes are dependent on the angle between neighboring units. TDDFT absorption energies shift to lower values with increasing chain length, which suggests that the charge delocalizes along the oligomer chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fratiloiu
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singlet and triplet energy transfer in a bichromophoric system with anthracene covalently linked through sulfonamide to a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Seixas de Melo J, Moura AP, Melo MJ. Photophysical and Spectroscopic Studies of Indigo Derivatives in Their Keto and Leuco Forms. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049076y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Seixas de Melo
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro and ReQuimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - A. P. Moura
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro and ReQuimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. J. Melo
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro and ReQuimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|