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Timoshkin AY. The Field of Main Group Lewis Acids and Lewis Superacids: Important Basics and Recent Developments. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302457. [PMID: 37752859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New developments in the field of Lewis acidity are highlighted, with the focus of novel Lewis acids and Lewis superacids of group 2, 13, 14, and 15 elements. Several important basics, illustrated by modern examples (classification of Donor-Acceptor (DA) complexes, amphoteric nature of any compound in terms of DA interactions, reorganization energies of main group Lewis acids and the role of the energies of frontier orbitals) are presented and discussed. It is emphasized that the Lewis acidity phenomena are general and play vital role in different areas of chemistry: from weak "atomophilic" interactions to the complexes of Lewis superacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Feldman VI, Ryazantsev SV, Kameneva SV. Matrix isolation in laboratory astrochemistry: state-of-the-art, implications and perspective. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Hansen AS, Vogt E, Kjaergaard HG. Gibbs energy of complex formation – combining infrared spectroscopy and vibrational theory. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1608689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emil Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Mackeprang K, Vogt E, Lisy JM, Kjaergaard HG. Fundamental FH-stretching transition frequencies and oscillator strengths in hydrogen bonded FH complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ekimova M, Quevedo W, Szyc Ł, Iannuzzi M, Wernet P, Odelius M, Nibbering ETJ. Aqueous Solvation of Ammonia and Ammonium: Probing Hydrogen Bond Motifs with FT-IR and Soft X-ray Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12773-12783. [PMID: 28810120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a multifaceted investigation combining local soft X-ray and vibrational spectroscopic probes with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, hydrogen-bonding interactions of two key principal amine compounds in aqueous solution, ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ion (NH4+), are quantitatively assessed in terms of electronic structure, solvation structure, and dynamics. From the X-ray measurements and complementary determination of the IR-active hydrogen stretching and bending modes of NH3 and NH4+ in aqueous solution, the picture emerges of a comparatively strongly hydrogen-bonded NH4+ ion via N-H donating interactions, whereas NH3 has a strongly accepting hydrogen bond with one water molecule at the nitrogen lone pair but only weakly N-H donating hydrogen bonds. In contrast to the case of hydrogen bonding among solvent water molecules, we find that energy mismatch between occupied orbitals of both the solutes NH3 and NH4+ and the surrounding water prevents strong mixing between orbitals upon hydrogen bonding and, thus, inhibits substantial charge transfer between solute and solvent. A close inspection of the calculated unoccupied molecular orbitals, in conjunction with experimentally measured N K-edge absorption spectra, reveals the different nature of the electronic structural effects of these two key principal amine compounds imposed by hydrogen bonding to water, where a pH-dependent excitation energy appears to be an intrinsic property. These results provide a benchmark for hydrogen bonding of other nitrogen-containing acids and bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ekimova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy , Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Łukasz Szyc
- Magnosco c/o LTB Lasertechnik Berlin GmbH , Am Studio 2c, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik T J Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy , Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Mackeprang K, Hänninen V, Halonen L, Kjaergaard HG. The effect of large amplitude motions on the vibrational intensities in hydrogen bonded complexes. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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The application of synchrotron radiation and in particular X-ray absorption spectroscopy to matrix isolated species. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Orabi EA, Lamoureux G. Polarizable Interaction Model for Liquid, Supercritical, and Aqueous Ammonia. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:2035-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ct301123j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esam A. Orabi
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Centre
for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University,
7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6,
Canada
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Centre
for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University,
7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6,
Canada
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9
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Young NA. Main group coordination chemistry at low temperatures: A review of matrix isolated Group 12 to Group 18 complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Transylvania University, 300 North Broadway, Lexington, Kentucky
40508, United States
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11
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Petković M. O–H Stretch in Phenol and Its Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes: Band Position and Relaxation Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:364-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209897y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Petković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11 158 Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Sälli E, Salmi T, Halonen L. Computational high-frequency overtone spectra of the water-ammonia complex. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11594-605. [PMID: 21882842 DOI: 10.1021/jp205529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have computed vibrational high-frequency overtone spectra of the water-ammonia complex, H(2)O-NH(3), and its isotopomers. The complex has been modeled as two independently vibrating monomer units. The internal coordinate Hamiltonians for each monomer unit have been constructed using exact gas phase kinetic energy operators. The potential energy and dipole moment surfaces have been calculated with the explicitly correlated coupled cluster method CCSD(T)-F12A and the valence triple-ζ VTZ-F12 basis around the equilibrium geometry of the complex. The vibrational eigenvalues have been calculated variationally and the eigenfunctions obtained have been used to compute the intensities of the absorption transitions. In H(2)O-NH(3), the water molecule acts as the proton donor and its symmetry is broken. The hydrogen-bonded OH bond oscillator undergoes a large redshift and intensity enhancement compared to the free hydrogen bond. Broken degeneracy of the asymmetric vibrations, quenched inversion splittings, and blueshift of the symmetric bending mode are the most visible changes in the ammonia unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Sälli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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On the possible catalytic role of a single water molecule in the acetone + OH gas phase reaction: a theoretical pseudo-second-order kinetics study. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-0921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuma S, Slipchenko MN, Momose T, Vilesov AF. Infrared Spectra and Intensities of Ar−H2O and O2−H2O Complexes in the Range of the ν3 Band of H2O. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9022-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kuma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Mikhail N. Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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Mollner AK, Casterline BE, Ch’ng LC, Reisler H. Imaging the State-Specific Vibrational Predissociation of the Ammonia−Water Hydrogen-Bonded Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10174-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904566w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Mollner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Blithe E. Casterline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Lee C. Ch’ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Hanna Reisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
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Rudić S, Merritt JM, Miller RE. Study of the CH3⋯H2O radical complex stabilized in helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5345-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b817484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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