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Dipali SS, Gowett MQ, Kamat P, Converse A, Zaniker EJ, Fennell A, Chou T, Pritchard MT, Zelinski M, Phillip JM, Duncan FE. Self-organizing ovarian somatic organoids preserve cellular heterogeneity and reveal cellular contributions to ovarian aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.10.607456. [PMID: 39211064 PMCID: PMC11360955 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.10.607456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian somatic cells are essential for reproductive function, but no existing ex vivo models recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity or interactions within this compartment. We engineered a novel ovarian somatic organoid model by culturing a stroma-enriched fraction of mouse ovaries in scaffold-free agarose micromolds. Ovarian somatic organoids self-organized, maintained diverse cell populations, produced extracellular matrix, and secreted hormones. Organoids generated from reproductively old mice exhibited reduced aggregation and growth compared to young counterparts, as well as differences in cellular composition. Interestingly, matrix fibroblasts from old mice demonstrated upregulation of pathways associated with the actin cytoskeleton and downregulation of cell adhesion pathways, indicative of increased cellular stiffness which may impair organoid aggregation. Cellular morphology, which is regulated by the cytoskeleton, significantly changed with age and in response to actin depolymerization. Moreover, actin depolymerization rescued age-associated organoid aggregation deficiency. Overall, ovarian somatic organoids have advanced fundamental knowledge of cellular contributions to ovarian aging.
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Li M, Peng L, Wang Z, Liu L, Cao M, Cui J, Wu F, Yang J. Roles of the cytoskeleton in human diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2847-2856. [PMID: 36609753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, researches have revealed the key roles of the cytoskeleton in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases, suggesting that targeting the cytoskeleton is a viable approach for treating numerous refractory diseases. The cytoskeleton is a highly structured and complex network composed of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. In normal cells, these three cytoskeleton components are highly integrated and coordinated. However, the cytoskeleton undergoes drastic remodeling in cytoskeleton-related diseases, causing changes in cell polarity, affecting the cell cycle, leading to senescent diseases, and influencing cell migration to accelerate cancer metastasis. Additionally, mutations or abnormalities in cytoskeletal proteins and their related proteins are closely associated with several congenital diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the roles of the cytoskeleton in cytoskeleton-related diseases as well as its potential roles in disease treatment to provide insights regarding the physiological functions and pathological roles of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cardiology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610021, Chengdu, China.
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Huang XY, Yang LJ, Hu X, Zhang XX, Gu X, Du LJ, He ZY, Gu XJ. Elevated levels of fructosamine are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: A 12-mo follow-up study. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:543-552. [PMID: 36051424 PMCID: PMC9329841 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between blood levels of fructosamine (FMN) and recurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently unclear.
AIM To investigate a prospective relationship between blood levels of FMN and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection.
METHODS A total of 146 Chinese hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were consecutively collectively recruited and followed from January 2020 to May 2021. Diagnosis of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was based on the diagnostic criteria and treatment protocol in China. The levels of FMN were determined in blood and divided into tertiles based on their distribution in the cohort of COVID-19 patients. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection across the tertiles of FMN levels. A Cox regression model was used to generate the HR for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the participants in the top tertile of FMN levels compared with those at the bottom. Disease-free survival was used as the time variable, and relapse was used as the state variable, adjusted for age, gender, influencing factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and corticosteroid therapy, and clinical indexes such as acute liver failure, acute kidney failure, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and blood lipids. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank tests was used to compare the survival rate between patients with elevated FMN levels (FMN > 1.93 mmol/L, the top tertile) and those with nonelevated levels.
RESULTS Clinical data for the 146 patients with confirmed COVID-19 [age 49 (39-55) years; 49% males] were analyzed. Eleven patients had SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. The SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate in patients with elevated FMN levels was significantly higher than that in patients with nonelevated FMN (17% vs 3%; P = 0.008) at the end of the 12-mo follow-up. After adjustments for gender, age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, corticosteroid therapy, WBC count, PNI, indexes of liver and renal function, and blood lipids, patients with nonelevated FMN levels had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection than those with elevated FMN levels (HR = 6.249, 95%CI: 1.377-28.351; P = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was higher in patients with nonelevated FMN levels than in those with elevated FMN levels (97% vs 83%; log rank P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION Elevated levels of FMN are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, which highlights that patients with elevated FMN should be cautiously monitored after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Yueqing People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Jia Du
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ying He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Jiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ahuja AK, Pontiggia L, Moehrlen U, Biedermann T. The Dynamic Nature of Human Dermal Fibroblasts Is Defined by Marked Variation in the Gene Expression of Specific Cytoskeletal Markers. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070935. [PMID: 35888024 PMCID: PMC9319478 DOI: 10.3390/life12070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for fibroblast heterogeneity is continuously increasing, and recent work has shed some light on the existence of different sub-populations of fibroblasts in the human skin. Although we now have a more precise understanding of their distribution in the human body, we do not know whether their properties are predictive of where these cells derive from or whether these sub-types have functional consequences. In this study, we employed single-cell transcriptomics (10X Genomics) to study gene expression and segregate fibroblast sub-populations based on their genetic signature. We report the differential expression of a defined set of genes in fibroblasts from human skin, which may contribute to their dynamicity in vivo and in vitro. We show that the sub-population of fibroblasts expressing cytoskeletal markers, such as ANXA2, VIM, ACTB, are enriched in an adult skin sample. Interestingly, this sub-population of fibroblasts is not enriched in a neonatal skin sample but becomes predominant when neonatal fibroblasts are cultivated. On the other hand, the fibroblast sub-populations expressing COL1A1 and ELN are enriched in neonatal skin but are reduced in the adult skin and in fibroblasts from neonatal skin that are cultured in vitro. Our results indicate that fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type, and while their genetic make-up changes markedly, only a handful of genes belonging to the same functional pathway govern this alteration. The gene expression pattern of cytoskeletal markers may help in identifying whether the fibroblasts were isolated from an adult or an infant or whether they were cultivated, and this information could be useful for quality control in clinics and in cell banking. Furthermore, this study opens additional avenues to investigate the role of these markers in defining the complexity of human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Ahuja
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.P.); (U.M.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.K.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Luca Pontiggia
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.P.); (U.M.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.P.); (U.M.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.P.); (U.M.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.K.A.); (T.B.)
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Protein glycation - biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and early-stage decline in health in the era of precision medicine. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101920. [PMID: 33707127 PMCID: PMC8113047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation provides a biomarker in widespread clinical use, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (A1C). It is a biomarker for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes and of medium-term glycemic control in patients with established diabetes. A1C is an early-stage glycation adduct of hemoglobin with glucose; a fructosamine derivative. Glucose is an amino group-directed glycating agent, modifying N-terminal and lysine sidechain amino groups. A similar fructosamine derivative of serum albumin, glycated albumin (GA), finds use as a biomarker of glycemic control, particularly where there is interference in use of A1C. Later stage adducts, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), are formed by the degradation of fructosamines and by the reaction of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites, such as methylglyoxal. Dicarbonyls are arginine-directed glycating agents forming mainly hydroimidazolone AGEs. Glucosepane and pentosidine, an intense fluorophore, are AGE covalent crosslinks. Cellular proteolysis of glycated proteins forms glycated amino acids, which are released into plasma and excreted in urine. Development of diagnostic algorithms by artificial intelligence machine learning is enhancing the applications of glycation biomarkers. Investigational glycation biomarkers are in development for: (i) healthy aging; (ii) risk prediction of vascular complications of diabetes; (iii) diagnosis of autism; and (iv) diagnosis and classification of early-stage arthritis. Protein glycation biomarkers are influenced by heritability, aging, decline in metabolic, vascular, renal and skeletal health, and other factors. They are applicable to populations of differing ethnicities, bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype. They are thereby likely to find continued and expanding clinical use, including in the current era of developing precision medicine, reporting on multiple pathogenic processes and supporting a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Ferrari S, Pesce M. Stiffness and Aging in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Dangerous Relationship between Force and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3404. [PMID: 33810253 PMCID: PMC8037660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a process associated with a gradual decline in tissues' homeostasis based on the progressive inability of the cells to self-renew. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of the aging process, characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, telomeres shortening, chronic inflammatory activation, and chromatin modifications. In this review, we will describe the effects of senescence on tissue structure, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and nucleus architecture, and see how these changes affect (are affected by) mechano-transduction. In our view, this is essential for a deeper understanding of the progressive pathological evolution of the cardiovascular system and its relationship with the detrimental effects of risk factors, known to act at an epigenetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferrari
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS), 20138 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS), 20138 Milan, Italy;
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7
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Yu Z, Smith MJ, Siow RCM, Liu KK. Ageing modulates human dermal fibroblast contractility: Quantification using nano-biomechanical testing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118972. [PMID: 33515646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts play a key role in maintaining homoeostasis and functionality of the skin. Their contractility plays a role in changes observed during ageing, especially in processes such as wound healing, inflammation, wrinkling and scar tissue formation as well as structural changes on extracellular matrix. Although alternations in skin physiology and morphology have been previously described, there remains a paucity of information about the influence of chronological ageing on dermal fibroblast contractility. In this study, we applied a novel nano-biomechanical technique on cell-embedded collagen hydrogels in combination with mathematical modelling and numerical simulation to measure contraction forces of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). We achieved quantitative differentiation of the contractility of cells derived from 'young' (< 30 years old) and 'aged' (> 60 years old) donors. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used to stimulate the fibroblasts to assess their contractile potential. NHDF from aged donors exhibited a greater basal contractile force, while in contrast, NHDF from young donors have shown a significantly larger contractile force in response to TGF-β1 treatment. These findings validate our nano-biomechanical measurement technique and provide new insights for considering NHDF contractility in regenerative medicine and as a biomarker of dermal ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Yu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C M Siow
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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8
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Bajpai A, Li R, Chen W. The cellular mechanobiology of aging: from biology to mechanics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1491:3-24. [PMID: 33231326 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a chronic, complicated process that leads to degenerative physical and biological changes in living organisms. Aging is associated with permanent, gradual physiological cellular decay that affects all aspects of cellular mechanobiological features, including cellular cytoskeleton structures, mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and forces in the cell, as well as the cell's ability to sense and adapt to extracellular biomechanical signals in the tissue environment through mechanotransduction. These mechanobiological changes in cells are directly or indirectly responsible for dysfunctions and diseases in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, skin, and immune systems. This review critically examines the role of aging in the progressive decline of the mechanobiology occurring in cells, and establishes mechanistic frameworks to understand the mechanobiological effects of aging on disease progression and to develop new strategies for halting and reversing the aging process. Our review also highlights the recent development of novel bioengineering approaches for studying the key mechanobiological mechanisms in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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9
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Kwon S, Kim KS. Qualitative analysis of contribution of intracellular skeletal changes to cellular elasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1345-1355. [PMID: 31605149 PMCID: PMC11105102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells are dynamic structures that continually generate and sustain mechanical forces within their environments. Cells respond to mechanical forces by changing their shape, moving, and differentiating. These reactions are caused by intracellular skeletal changes, which induce changes in cellular mechanical properties such as stiffness, elasticity, viscoelasticity, and adhesiveness. Interdisciplinary research combining molecular biology with physics and mechanical engineering has been conducted to characterize cellular mechanical properties and understand the fundamental mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we focus on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in cellular mechanics. The specific role of each cytoskeletal protein, including actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, on cellular elasticity is summarized along with the effects of interactions between the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kiio TM, Park S. Nano-scientific Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Pathology: from Molecules to Tissues. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:844-858. [PMID: 32308537 PMCID: PMC7163363 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in biological research are its high imaging resolution, sensitivity, and ability to operate in physiological conditions. Over the past decades, rigorous studies have been performed to determine the potential applications of AFM techniques in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Many pathological conditions are accompanied by alterations in the morphology, adhesion properties, mechanical compliances, and molecular composition of cells and tissues. The accurate determination of such alterations can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Alteration in cell morphology represents changes in cell structure and membrane proteins induced by pathologic progression of diseases. Mechanical compliances are also modulated by the active rearrangements of cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix triggered by disease pathogenesis. In addition, adhesion is a critical step in the progression of many diseases including infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in AFM techniques have demonstrated their ability to obtain molecular composition as well as topographic information. The quantitative characterization of molecular alteration in biological specimens in terms of disease progression provides a new avenue to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease onset and progression. In this review, we have highlighted the application of diverse AFM techniques in pathological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soyeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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11
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Niemczyk-Soczynska B, Gradys A, Kolbuk D, Krzton-Maziopa A, Sajkiewicz P. Crosslinking Kinetics of Methylcellulose Aqueous Solution and Its Potential as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1772. [PMID: 31661795 PMCID: PMC6918217 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive, physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels are in the area of interests of various scientific fields. One of the representatives of this materials group is an aqueous solution of methylcellulose. At ambient conditions, methylcellulose (MC) is a sol while on heating up to 37 °C, MC undergoes physical crosslinking and transforms into a gel. Injectability at room temperature, and crosslinkability during subsequent heating to physiological temperature raises hopes, especially for tissue engineering applications. This research work aimed at studying crosslinking kinetics, thermal, viscoelastic, and biological properties of MC aqueous solution in a broad range of MC concentrations. It was evidenced by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that crosslinking of MC is a reversible two-stage process, manifested by the appearance of two endothermic effects, related to the destruction of water cages around methoxy groups, followed by crosslinking via the formation of hydrophobic interactions between methoxy groups in the polymeric chains. The DSC results also allowed the determination of MC crosslinking kinetics. Complementary measurements of MC crosslinking kinetics performed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provided information on the final storage modulus, which was important from the perspective of tissue engineering applications. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using mouse fibroblasts and showed that MC at low concentration did not cause cytotoxicity. All these efforts allowed to assess MC hydrogel relevance for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Niemczyk-Soczynska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Gradys
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kolbuk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Krzton-Maziopa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sliogeryte K, Gavara N. Vimentin Plays a Crucial Role in Fibroblast Ageing by Regulating Biophysical Properties and Cell Migration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101164. [PMID: 31569795 PMCID: PMC6848922 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the result of changes in biochemical and biophysical processes at the cellular level that lead to progressive organ decline. Here we focus on the biophysical changes that impair cellular function of human dermal fibroblasts using donors of increasing age. We find that cell motility is impaired in cells from older donors, which is associated with increased Young’s modulus, viscosity, and adhesion. Cellular morphology also displays parallel increases in spread area and cytoskeletal assembly, with a threefold increase in vimentin filaments alongside a decrease in its remodelling rate. Treatments with withaferin A or acrylamide show that cell motility can be modulated by regulating vimentin assembly. Crucially, decreasing vimentin amount in cells from older individuals to levels displayed by the neonatal donor rescues their motility. Our results suggest that increased vimentin assembly may underlay the aberrant biophysical properties progressively observed at the cellular level in the course of human ageing and propose vimentin as a potential therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sliogeryte
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Núria Gavara
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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13
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Bolle ECL, Bartnikowski N, Haridas P, Parker TJ, Fraser JF, Gregory SD, Dargaville TR. Improving skin integration around long-term percutaneous devices using fibrous scaffolds in a reconstructed human skin equivalent model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:738-749. [PMID: 31169980 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The interface between synthetic percutaneous devices and skin is a common area for bacterial infection, which may ultimately result in failure of the device. Better integration of percutaneous devices with skin may help reduce infection rates due to the creation of a dermal seal. However, the mismatch in material and chemical properties of devices and skin presents a challenge for closing the dermal gap at the skin-device interface. Here, we have used a tissue engineering approach to tissue integration by creating a highly fibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold using melt electrowriting and seeding this with dermal fibroblasts, followed by maturation and insertion into a full-thickness defect made in an ex vivo skin model. The integration of seeded scaffolds was compared with controls including a non-seeded scaffold and a polymer tube with a smooth surface. Dermal fibroblast inclusion in the scaffold and epidermal upgrowth versus downgrowth/marsupialization around the device were used as measures of integration. Based on these measures, almost all pre-seeded scaffolds performed better than both the non-seeded scaffolds and smooth tubes. The hypothesis is that the fibroblasts act as a barrier to epithelial downward migration, and provide healthy tissue for nascent epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore C L Bolle
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory (ICETLAB), Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory (ICETLAB), Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Parvathi Haridas
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony J Parker
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory (ICETLAB), Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shaun D Gregory
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory (ICETLAB), Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Bartlett RS, Gaston JD, Ye S, Kendziorski C, Thibeault SL. Mechanotransduction of vocal fold fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells in the context of the vocal fold mechanome. J Biomech 2018; 83:227-234. [PMID: 30553439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The design of cell-based therapies for vocal fold tissue engineering requires an understanding of how cells adapt to the dynamic mechanical forces found in the larynx. Our objective was to compare mechanotransductive processes in therapeutic cell candidates (mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow, AT-MSC and BM-MSC) to native cells (vocal fold fibroblasts-VFF) in the context of vibratory strain. A bioreactor was used to expose VFF, AT-MSC, and BM-MSC to axial tensile strain and vibration at human physiological levels. Microarray, an empirical Bayes statistical approach, and geneset enrichment analysis were used to identify significant mechanotransductive pathways associated with the three cell types and three mechanical conditions. Two databases (Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) were used for enrichment analyses. VFF shared more mechanotransductive pathways with BM-MSC than with AT-MSC. Gene expression that appeared to distinguish the vibratory strain condition from polystyrene condition for these two cells types related to integrin activation, focal adhesions, and lamellipodia activity, suggesting that vibratory strain may be associated with cytoarchitectural rearrangement, cell reorientation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In response to vibration and tensile stress, BM-MSC better mimicked VFF mechanotransduction than AT-MSC, providing support for the consideration of BM-MSC as a cell therapy for vocal fold tissue engineering. Future research is needed to better understand the sorts of physical adaptations that are afforded to vocal fold tissue as a result of focal adhesions, integrins, and lamellipodia, and how these adaptations could be exploited for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joel D Gaston
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shuyun Ye
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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15
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Sulforaphane Delays Fibroblast Senescence by Curbing Cellular Glucose Uptake, Increased Glycolysis, and Oxidative Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5642148. [PMID: 30595796 PMCID: PMC6282131 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5642148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased cell senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of aging and aging-related disease. Senescence of human fibroblasts in vitro may be delayed by culture in low glucose concentration. There is also accumulating evidence of senescence delay by exposure to dietary bioactive compounds that activate transcription factor Nrf2. The mechanism of cell senescence delay and connection between these responses is unknown. We describe herein that the cruciferous vegetable-derived metabolite, sulforaphane (SFN), activates Nrf2 and delays senescence of human MRC-5 and BJ fibroblasts in vitro. Cell senescence is associated with a progressive and marked increased rate of glucose metabolism through glycolysis. This increases mitochondrial dysfunction and overwhelms defences against reactive metabolites, leading to increasing proteomic and genomic oxidative damage. Increased glucose entry into glycolysis in fibroblast senescence is mainly mediated by increased hexokinase-2. SFN delayed senescence by decreasing glucose metabolism on the approach to senescence, exhibiting a caloric restriction mimetic-like activity and thereby decreased oxidative damage to cell protein and DNA. This was associated with increased expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein, curbing entry of glucose into cells; decreased hexokinase-2, curbing entry of glucose into cellular metabolism; decreased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, downregulating formation of allosteric enhancer of glycolysis fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; and increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, downregulating carbohydrate response element- (ChRE-) mediated transcriptional enhancement of glycolysis by Mondo/Mlx. SFN also enhanced clearance of proteins cross-linked by transglutaminase which otherwise increased in senescence. This suggests that screening of compounds to counter senescence-associated glycolytic overload may be an effective strategy to identify compounds with antisenescence activity and health beneficial effects of SFN in longevity may involve delay of senescence through glucose and glycolytic restriction response.
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16
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Harris MJ, Wirtz D, Wu PH. Dissecting cellular mechanics: Implications for aging, cancer, and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:16-25. [PMID: 30359779 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells are dynamic structures that must respond to complex physical and chemical signals from their surrounding environment. The cytoskeleton is a key mediator of a cell's response to the signals of both the extracellular matrix and other cells present in the local microenvironment and allows it to tune its own mechanical properties in response to these cues. A growing body of evidence suggests that altered cellular viscoelasticity is a strong indicator of disease state; including cancer, laminopathy (genetic disorders of the nuclear lamina), infection, and aging. Here, we review recent work on the characterization of cell mechanics in disease and discuss the implications of altered viscoelasticity in regulation of immune responses. Finally, we provide an overview of techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of cells deeply embedded within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Harris
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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17
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Sales A, Picart C, Kemkemer R. Age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells revealed by substrate microtopography. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:1-11. [PMID: 30342990 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is part of many important in vivo biological processes and is influenced by chemical and physical factors such as substrate topography. Although the migratory behavior of different cell types on structured substrates has already been investigated, up to date it is largely unknown if specimen's age affects cell migration on structures. In this work, we investigated age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells from young (≤ 31 years old) and old (≥ 60 years old) donors on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microstructured substrates consisting of well-defined parallel grooves. We observed a decrease in cell migration velocity in all substrate conditions and in persistence length perpendicular to the grooves in cells from old donors. Nevertheless, in comparison to young cells, old cells exhibited a higher cell directionality along grooves of certain depths and a higher persistence time. We also found a systematic decrease of donor age-dependent responses of cell protrusions in orientation, velocity and length, all of them decreased in old cells. These observations lead us to hypothesize a possible impairment of actin cytoskeleton network and affected actin polymerization and steering systems, caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sales
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Catherine Picart
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institute of Technology, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany; Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany.
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18
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A New Human-Derived Acellular Dermal Matrix for Breast Reconstruction Available for the European Market: Preliminary Results. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:434-441. [PMID: 29302735 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-017-1069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) contributed to the growing diffusion of direct-to-implant breast reconstruction (DTI-BR) following mastectomy for breast cancer. According to specific legislations, European specialists could not benefit from the use of human-derived ADMs, even though most evidence in the literature are available for this kind of device, showed optimal outcomes in breast reconstruction. The Skin Bank of the Bufalini Hospital (Cesena, Italy) obtained in 2009 the approval for the production and distribution of a new human cadaver-donor-derived ADM (named with the Italian acronym, MODA, for matrice omologa dermica acellulata) from the Italian National Transplant Center and National Health Institute. We report preliminary results of MODA application in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction following nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled all women undergoing NAC-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and DTI-BR in our breast surgical unit from June 2015 to January 2017. We enrolled a selected population without previous chest wall irradiation, not being heavy tobacco smokers or diabetic, with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 and requiring less than 550 cc silicone implants. We assessed short-term outcomes, defined as postoperative complications presenting in the first 30 postoperative days and long-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS From June 2015 to January 2017, we treated 56 breasts. At a mean follow-up of 14 months, we observed only two minor complications described as limited wound dehiscences, conservatively managed with complete resolution without implant exposure or re-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show very good performance of MODA in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction following NAC-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. This is particularly relevant for the European market, where no other human-derived devices are available for breast reconstruction due to regulatory restrictions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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19
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Phillip JM, Wu PH, Gilkes DM, Williams W, McGovern S, Daya J, Chen J, Aifuwa I, Lee JSH, Fan R, Walston J, Wirtz D. Biophysical and biomolecular determination of cellular age in humans. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1. [PMID: 31372309 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ageing research has focused either on assessing organ- and tissue-based changes, such as lung capacity and cardiac function, or on changes at the molecular scale such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications and metabolism. Here, by using a cohort of 32 samples of primary dermal fibroblasts collected from individuals between 2 and 96 years of age, we show that the degradation of functional cellular biophysical features-including cell mechanics, traction strength, morphology and migratory potential-and associated descriptors of cellular heterogeneity predict cellular age with higher accuracy than conventional biomolecular markers. We also demonstrate the use of high-throughput single-cell technologies, together with a deterministic model based on cellular features, to compute the cellular age of apparently healthy males and females, and to explore these relationships in cells from individuals with Werner syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, two rare genetic conditions that result in phenotypes that show aspects of premature ageing. Our findings suggest that the quantification of cellular age may be used to stratify individuals on the basis of cellular phenotypes and serve as a biological proxy of healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wadsworth Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Shaun McGovern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jena Daya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ivie Aifuwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jerry S H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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20
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Quan FS, Kim KS. Medical applications of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:865-871. [PMID: 27542404 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of single cells have been recently identified as the basis of an emerging approach in medical applications because they are closely related to the biological processes of cells and, ultimately, human health conditions. In this article, we provide a brief review of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells related to cancer and aging. The mechanical properties can be used as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis because cancer cells have a lower Young's modulus, indicating higher elasticity or softness than their counterpart normal cells. The metastatic potential of cancer cells is inversely correlated with their elastic properties. Aging induces stiffness through an increased amount of cytoskeletal fiber. Changes in the mechanical properties also show potential for drug screening. Although there are several challenges to be met before clinical applications can be made, such mechanical properties of single cells may provide new approaches to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wittmann K, Fischbach C. Contextual Control of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Function: Implications for Engineered Tumor Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1483-1493. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittmann
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical
Engineering and ‡Kavli Institute
at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical
Engineering and ‡Kavli Institute
at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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22
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Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P. A Comprehensive Review of Optical Stretcher for Cell Mechanical Characterization at Single-Cell Level. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E90. [PMID: 30404265 PMCID: PMC6189960 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of the optical stretcher, a powerful optofluidic device for single cell mechanical study by using optical force induced cell stretching. The different techniques and the different materials for the fabrication of the optical stretcher are first summarized. A short description of the optical-stretching mechanism is then given, highlighting the optical force calculation and the cell optical deformability characterization. Subsequently, the implementations of the optical stretcher in various cell-mechanics studies are shown on different types of cells. Afterwards, two new advancements on optical stretcher applications are also introduced: the active cell sorting based on cell mechanical characterization and the temperature effect on cell stretching measurement from laser-induced heating. Two examples of new functionalities developed with the optical stretcher are also included. Finally, the current major limitation and the future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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23
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Chien AL, Qi J, Cheng N, Do TT, Mesfin M, Egbers R, Xie W, Chow C, Chubb H, Sachs D, Voorhees J, Kang S. Perioral wrinkles are associated with female gender, aging, and smoking: Development of a gender-specific photonumeric scale. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:924-30. [PMID: 26803346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioral wrinkling is commonly reported among older adults, but its objective evaluation and causes remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a photonumeric scale for perioral wrinkling and to elucidate contributory lifestyle factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants for facial photographs and a survey. A gender-specific photonumeric scale for perioral wrinkling was developed and used by 3 graders to evaluate participant photographs. Scores and survey responses were used to create a multiple regression model to predict perioral wrinkling. RESULTS In all, 143 participants aged 21 to 91 years were enrolled. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for interrater and intrarater reliability were high (>0.8) across 2 trials and 3 graders. A multiple regression model for prediction of perioral wrinkling severity included age, gender, and years of smoking as variables. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by sample size and a predominantly Caucasian study population. CONCLUSION We created a photonumeric scale that accounts for gender differences in perioral wrinkling and highlighted contributory variables to photoaging in this anatomical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ji Qi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nancy Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thy Thy Do
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Missale Mesfin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Egbers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenfei Xie
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Conroy Chow
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Heather Chubb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dana Sachs
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Gillbro JM, Lundahl M, Westman M, Baral R, Al-Bader T, Mavon A. Structural activity relationship analysis (SAR) andin vitrotesting reveal the anti-ageing potential activity of acetyl aspartic acid. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37 Suppl 1:15-20. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Gillbro
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
| | - M. Lundahl
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
| | - M. Westman
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
| | - R. Baral
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
| | - T. Al-Bader
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
| | - A. Mavon
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute; Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm 11121 Sweden
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25
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Yang T, Nava G, Minzioni P, Veglione M, Bragheri F, Lelii FD, Vazquez RM, Osellame R, Cristiani I. Investigation of temperature effect on cell mechanics by optofluidic microchips. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2991-2996. [PMID: 26309762 PMCID: PMC4541526 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the results of a study concerning the effect of temperature on cell mechanical properties. Two different optofluidic microchips with external temperature control are used to investigate the temperature-induced changes of highly metastatic human melanoma cells (A375MC2) in the range of ~0 - 35 °C. By means of an integrated optical stretcher, we observe that cells' optical deformability is strongly enhanced by increasing cell and buffer-fluid temperature. This finding is supported by the results obtained from a second device, which probes the cells' ability to be squeezed through a constriction. Measured data demonstrate a marked dependence of cell mechanical properties on temperature, thus highlighting the importance of including a proper temperature-control system in the experimental apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Milano,Via F.lli Cervi 91, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Veglione
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM) – CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Demetra Lelii
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martinez Vazquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristiani
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang D, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang T, Wang R, Lin X, Shi P, Pang X. Phenotypic and functional modulation of 20-30 year old dermal fibroblasts by mid- and late-gestational keratinocytes in vitro. Burns 2015; 41:1064-75. [PMID: 25599870 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal wound healing occurs rapidly and without scar formation early in gestation, but the mechanisms underlying this scarless healing are poorly understood. This study explores the phenotypic and functional modulation of 20-30 year old dermal fibroblasts by mid- and late-gestational keratinocytes (KCs) in vitro. Human KCs of different gestational ages were isolated, characterized, and co-cultured with human 20-30 year old fibroblasts. Gene expression and protein levels of TGF-β family members, precollagen, collagen, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured in the fibroblasts. Mid-gestational KCs promoted faster proliferation and migration of fibroblasts than late-gestational KCs. Additionally, significant differences in gene expression and protein levels of some markers were observed in fibroblasts co-cultured with mid- or late-gestational KCs. Fibroblasts co-cultured with mid-gestational KCs for 48 h exhibited downregulated gene expression of precollagen 1, collagen 1, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3, while precollagen 3, collagen 3, TGF-β3, and MMP-1, -2, -3, -9 and -14 were upregulated. In contrast, late-gestational KCs exhibited downregulated TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 levels, while collagen 1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and MMP-2, -3, -9 and -14 were upregulated. Moreover, statistically significant differences in expression levels of precollagen 1, precollagen 3, collagen 1, TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, MMP-1, -3 and MMP-14, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were found between fibroblasts co-cultured with mid- and late-gestational KCs. Furthermore, cytokine levels of IL-1a and HB-EGF were found to be statistically different between conditioned medium from mid- and late-gestational KCs. Therefore, the gestational age of KCs appears to have an important effect on scarless wound healing in the human fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuewen Lin
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical, Shenyang, China
| | - Xining Pang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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27
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Schimpel C, Werzer O, Fröhlich E, Leitinger G, Absenger-Novak M, Teubl B, Zimmer A, Roblegg E. Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26199850 PMCID: PMC4505173 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine is a complex system that carries out various functions. The main function of enterocytes is absorption of nutrients, whereas membranous cells (M cells) are responsible for delivering antigens/foreign substances to the mucosal lymphoid tissues. However, to get a fundamental understanding of how cellular structures contribute to physiological processes, precise knowledge about surface morphologies, cytoskeleton organizations and biomechanical properties is necessary. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used here as a powerful tool to study surface topographies of Caco-2 cells and M cells. Furthermore, cell elasticity (i.e., the mechanical response of a cell on a tip indentation), was elucidated by force curve measurements. Besides elasticity, adhesion was evaluated by recording the attraction and repulsion forces between the tip and the cell surface. Organization of F-actin networks were investigated via phalloidin labeling and visualization was performed with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of these various experimental techniques revealed significant differences in the cytoskeleton/microvilli arrangements and F-actin organization. Caco-2 cells displayed densely packed F-actin bundles covering the entire cell surface, indicating the formation of a well-differentiated brush border. In contrast, in M cells actins were arranged as short and/or truncated thin villi, only available at the cell edge. The elasticity of M cells was 1.7-fold higher compared to Caco-2 cells and increased significantly from the cell periphery to the nuclear region. Since elasticity can be directly linked to cell adhesion, M cells showed higher adhesion forces than Caco-2 cells. The combination of distinct experimental techniques shows that morphological differences between Caco-2 cells and M cells correlate with mechanical cell properties and provide useful information to understand physiological processes/mechanisms in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Schimpel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Medical University of Graz, Center for Medical Research, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Teubl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
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28
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Moronkeji K, Akhtar R. Mechanical Properties of Aging Human Skin. ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifaceted process that induces a myriad of physiological changes over an extended period of time. Aging is accompanied by major biochemical and biomechanical changes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales that affect not only tissues and organs but also cells and subcellular organelles. These changes include transcriptional and epigenetic modifications; changes in energy production within mitochondria; and alterations in the overall mechanics of cells, their nuclei, and their surrounding extracellular matrix. In addition, aging influences the ability of cells to sense changes in extracellular-matrix compliance (mechanosensation) and to transduce these changes into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction). Moreover, following a complex positive-feedback loop, aging is accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, resulting in changes in the mechanics of connective tissues in older individuals. Consequently, these progressive dysfunctions facilitate many human pathologies and deficits that are associated with aging, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Here, we critically review recent work highlighting some of the primary biophysical changes occurring in cells and tissues that accompany the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Ivie Aifuwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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30
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Espada J, Matabuena M, Salazar N, Lucena S, Kourani O, Carrasco E, Calvo M, Rodríguez C, Reyes E, González S, Juarranz A. Cryptomphalus aspersa mollusc eggs extract promotes migration and prevents cutaneous ageing in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:41-55. [PMID: 25256953 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search of substances that minimize cutaneous ageing has increased in the last few years. Previous studies have described the regenerative properties of the secretion of the mollusc Cryptomphalus aspersa (C. aspersa) when applied topically. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the in vitro effects of a new product derived from the eggs of C. aspersa, IFC-CAF, on cell proliferation, migration, distribution of cytoskeletal proteins, production of extracellular components as well as its ability to prevent cutaneous ageing because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors (exposure to UVB) by determination of ageing markers. METHODS We have used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells), primary dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and senescent dermal fibroblasts (SHDF). The effects of the compound on cell proliferation and on the cell cycle were determined by the MTT colorimetric assay, estimation of total protein and/or trypan blue test and by flow cytometry, respectively. We also studied cell migration using the wound-healing migration assay, whereas ELISA assays, Western Blot and immunofluorescence microscopy were carried out to test the expression of proteins related to cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and with ageing. RESULTS We have found that IFC-CAF does not promote proliferation but induces migration of HaCaT, HDF and SHDF in a time- and dose-dependent manner; a better organization of cytoskeletal proteins (F-actin and vimentin) and promotes the production of extracellular components (fibronectin, collagen 1 and MMPs) and the adhesion to cell-substrate vinculin protein. IFC-CAF also prevents cutaneous ageing. The treatment decreases the expression of the ageing-related markers b-Gal, p53 and p16INK4 in SDDF cells, and improves cell survival after UVB irradiation and nuclear repair in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION IFC-CAF has regenerative properties and protects against ageing factors being, therefore, a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Espada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Shin JU, Lee WJ, Oh SH, Kim DY, Kim DS, Jung I, Lee JH. Altered vimentin protein expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells after ultraviolet or intense pulsed light treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:431-8. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Dae Suk Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Inhee Jung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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32
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Tigges J, Krutmann J, Fritsche E, Haendeler J, Schaal H, Fischer JW, Kalfalah F, Reinke H, Reifenberger G, Stühler K, Ventura N, Gundermann S, Boukamp P, Boege F. The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 138:26-44. [PMID: 24686308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is influenced by the intrinsic disposition delineating what is maximally possible and extrinsic factors determining how that frame is individually exploited. Intrinsic and extrinsic ageing processes act on the dermis, a post-mitotic skin compartment mainly consisting of extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts are long-lived cells constantly undergoing damage accumulation and (mal-)adaptation, thus constituting a powerful indicator system for human ageing. Here, we use the systematic of ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing (Lopez-Otin et al., 2013, Cell 153) to categorise the available knowledge regarding dermal fibroblast ageing. We discriminate processes inducible in culture from phenomena apparent in skin biopsies or primary cells from old donors, coming to the following conclusions: (i) Fibroblasts aged in culture exhibit most of the established, ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (ii) Not all of these hallmarks have been detected or investigated in fibroblasts aged in situ (in the skin). (iii) Dermal fibroblasts aged in vitro and in vivo exhibit additional features currently not considered ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (iv) The ageing process of dermal fibroblasts in their physiological tissue environment has only been partially elucidated, although these cells have been a preferred model of cell ageing in vitro for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tigges
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Center for Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Faiza Kalfalah
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Centre for Biological and Medical Research (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Petra Boukamp
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Boege
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Shaked E, Gefen A. Modeling the Effects of Moisture-Related Skin-Support Friction on the Risk for Superficial Pressure Ulcers during Patient Repositioning in Bed. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2013; 1:9. [PMID: 25022867 PMCID: PMC4090896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient repositioning when the skin is moist, e.g., due to sweat or urine may cause skin breakdown since wetness increases the skin-support coefficient of friction (COF) and hence also the shear stresses that are generated in the skin when the patient is being moved. This everyday hospital scenario was never studied systematically however. The aim of this study was to simulate such interactions using a biomechanical computational model which is the first of its kind, in order to quantitatively describe the effects of repositioning on the pathomechanics of moisture-related tissue damage. We designed a finite element model to analyze skin stresses under a weight-bearing bony prominence while this region of interest slides frictionally over the support surface, as occurs during repositioning. Our results show, expectedly, that maximal effective stresses in the skin increase as the moisture-contents-related COF between the skin and the mattress rises. Interestingly however, the rise in stresses for a wet interface became more prominent when the skin tissue was stiffer – which represented aging or diabetes. This finding demonstrates how the aged/diabetic skin is more fragile than a young-adult skin when repositioning in a moist environment. The modeling used herein can now be extended to test effects of different moisturizers, creams, lubricants, or possibly other interventions at the skin-support interface for testing their potential in protecting the skin from superficial pressure ulcers in a standard, objective, and quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliav Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Amit Gefen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Wilson SL, Guilbert M, Sulé-Suso J, Torbet J, Jeannesson P, Sockalingum GD, Yang Y. A microscopic and macroscopic study of aging collagen on its molecular structure, mechanical properties, and cellular response. FASEB J 2013; 28:14-25. [PMID: 24025727 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During aging, collagen structure changes, detrimentally affecting tissues' biophysical and biomechanical properties due to an accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). In this investigation, we conducted a parallel study of microscopic and macroscopic properties of different-aged collagens from newborn to 2-yr-old rats, to examine the effect of aging on fibrillogenesis, mechanical and contractile properties of reconstituted hydrogels from these collagens seeded with or without fibroblasts. In addition to fibrillogenesis of collagen under the conventional conditions, some fibrillogenesis was conducted alongside a 12-T magnetic field, and gelation rate and AGE content were measured. A nondestructive indentation technique and optical coherence tomography were used to determine the elastic modulus and dimensional changes, respectively. It was revealed that in comparison to younger specimens, older collagens exhibited higher viscosity, faster gelation rates, and a higher AGE-specific fluorescence. Exceptionally, only young collagens formed highly aligned fibrils under magnetic fields. The youngest collagen demonstrated a higher elastic modulus and contraction in comparison to the older collagen. We conclude that aging changes collagen monomer structure, which considerably affects the fibrillogenesis process, the architecture of the resulting collagen fibers and the global network, and the macroscopic properties of the formed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Wilson
- 1Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK.
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