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Cerulli C, Missell-Gray R, Harrington D, Thurston SW, Quinlan K, Jones KR, Cross WF. A Randomized Control Trial to Test Dissemination of an Online Suicide Prevention Training For Intimate Partner Violence Hotline Workers. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37358978 PMCID: PMC10039335 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Suicide risk is higher among violence-involved individuals. Intimate Partner Violence hotline workers are a critical source of support and can potentially be suicide prevention champions. Our primary goal was to examine the effectiveness of disseminating a free, online IPV-Suicide Prevention curriculum, via a randomized control trial, to hotline workers in ten states with the highest suicide and IPV homicide rates. Method We divided the country into five regions and, based on criterion, chose two states in each region to randomize into the two arms of the study. We examined training participation and engagement between the two approaches: (1) 'dissemination as usual' (control) using a National Domestic Violence Hotline email and a postcard to state/county IPV directors, versus (2) 'enhanced dissemination' (intervention) using a four-point touch method (postcard, phone call, email, and letter) to 'drive' participation. Results Participation increased in the intervention arm as approaches became more personal (i.e., email and phone calls vs. letters). Results indicate that traditional dissemination strategies such as email announcements and invitations are not as effective as varied and multiple touchpoints for IPV hotline staff. Conclusion Successful dissemination strategies to promote digital training should consider the value added by personalized connection. Future research is needed to understand how to offer effective and efficient web-based training to those providing IPV and child abuse services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cerulli
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Susan B. Anthony Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Rachel Missell-Gray
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Donald Harrington
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | | | | | - Wendi F. Cross
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Lewis NV, Stone T, Feder GS, Horwood J. Barriers and facilitators to pharmacists' engagement in response to domestic violence: a qualitative interview study informed by the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour model. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e104-e113. [PMID: 36921261 PMCID: PMC10017087 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA) is a global public health problem resulting in health inequalities. Community pharmacies are uniquely placed to help people affected by DSVA. We examined factors that impact pharmacists' engagement in response to DSVA when providing public health services. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews with community pharmacists (n = 20) were analyzed thematically, with inductive themes mapped to the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model. RESULTS Pharmacists were confident in providing public health services, but a lack of DSVA training meant there is a need to support their 'Capability' to respond to DSVA. Pharmacies were perceived as highly accessible healthcare providers on the high street, with sexual health consultations offering an ideal 'Opportunity' to enquire about DSVA in a private consultation room. Pharmacist's 'Motivation' to enquire about DSVA was driven by potential positive client outcomes and a desire to be more involved in public heath interventions, but organisation- and system-level support and remuneration is needed. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacy offers opportunities for integrating DSVA work in existing public health services. Pharmacists need training on DSVA, ongoing support, allocated funding for DSVA work, and awareness raising campaign for the public on their extended public health role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracey Stone
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS1 2NT, UK
| | - Gene S Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS1 2NT, UK
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Macpherson I, Roqué MV, Martín-Sánchez JC, Segarra I. Analysis in the ethical decision-making of dental, nurse and physiotherapist students, through case-based learning. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:277-287. [PMID: 34085360 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Training in ethical competencies is perceived with special interest among the objectives of health education. The dimensions of the person such as integrity, autonomy and dignity influence the choice of interventions, but the different specialties of the health sciences conceive these dimensions with different perspectives depending on the clinical setting. These divergences can be detected during the first years of undergraduate studies, and it is important to know the professional bias and its possible causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A procedure was developed through case-based learning (CBL) to assess various characteristics of decision-making during the early stages of student training. A semi-quantitative method was designed based on the narrative responses of a case with ethical implications in the field of gender violence. The method was applied to 294 undergraduate students in nursing (95), physiotherapy (109) and dentistry (90) from the Faculty of Health Sciences of a Spanish university. A frequency analysis of the narrative responses of the students to the proposed case was carried out, using the chi-square test to determine any association between the variables studied: gender, specialty and ethical knowledge. RESULTS Four types of response categories were detected, as a result of combining the personal conversation, report to legal authority or require assistance of other teams. The most common option in dentists is conversation only, while physical therapists include the assistance of other teams. In nursing, a balance is observed between both possibilities. The results show that student responses differ significantly among specialties and also differ significantly according to test scores on ethical knowledge. However, no significant differences were found between the responses provided by men and women. CONCLUSION Most of the health sciences students highly valued their own capacity for dialogue and reflection to approach situations with complex ethical dimensions. We consider that case-based learning (CBL), in combination with narrative analysis is a valid means of evaluating the professional ethical competencies of students in health sciences careers applied to a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Macpherson
- Bioethics Unit, Department of Humanities, International University of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - María Victoria Roqué
- Bioethics Unit, Department of Humanities, International University of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Ignacio Segarra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Barnard M, Bynum LA, Bouldin A. Preparing student pharmacists to care for patients exposed to intimate partner violence. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1619-1626. [PMID: 34895671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem. Little is known about pharmacists' IPV knowledge and awareness. This study assessed student pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of IPV and examined the impact of a brief curricular unit on these factors. METHODS The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey was adapted for use with student pharmacists and administered at two pharmacy schools, one private (n = 88) and one public institution (n = 104). Students at one institution were exposed to a curricular unit on IPV tailored for pharmacy practice and completed a post-assessment. RESULTS Students at both institutions had low levels of IPV-related knowledge, answering <60% of items correctly. Students reported low levels of perceived knowledge and preparation. After exposure to the educational intervention (n = 60), knowledge scores increased on a matched post-assessment. Students across both institutions (n = 29) provided comments indicating that they believed IPV is an important issue, that this topic was novel and that pharmacists should address IPV, that pharmacists should be trained on IPV and a desire for training, and that there are barriers to addressing IPV in the pharmacy setting. CONCLUSIONS Preparing student pharmacists to care for patients exposed to IPV may improve patient outcomes and positively impact the lives of the patients they serve. A brief educational intervention improved students' knowledge about IPV and confidence in screening patients for IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barnard
- Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, 234 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, United States.
| | - Leigh Ann Bynum
- Belmont University College of Pharmacy, 319 McWorter Hall, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| | - Alicia Bouldin
- Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, 209 Fasr Hall, University, MS 38677 United States.
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Sammut D, Kuruppu J, Hegarty K, Bradbury-Jones C. Which Violence Against Women Educational Strategies Are Effective for Prequalifying Health-Care Students?: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:339-358. [PMID: 31122182 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019843198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health issue which disproportionately affects women. Health-care providers have an important role in recognizing and addressing GBV in practice, yet research suggests that the issue remains underrecognized, with many qualified professionals reporting lack of confidence and a sense of unpreparedness. Prequalifying GBV educational strategies are inconsistent in both quantity and quality worldwide, and to date, there has been no comprehensive review of those programs' effectiveness. This internationally focused literature review aimed to identify best educational practices in GBV for prequalifying health-care students. A systematic search of six databases yielded 17 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, with all studies examining one or more educational intervention. Quality appraisal was undertaken and data were tabulated to capture relevant information. Thematic findings suggest that interactive educational strategies yield better results than didactic approaches. Similarly, interventions with a focus on practical application of learning are generally preferred over strictly theoretical approaches. Courses of longer duration seem to be more effective in instilling attitudinal changes. Lastly, gendered differences were noted in a number of studies, with female students consistently outperforming males. However, more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of single- versus mixed-gender audiences. This review makes a useful contribution to the literature of health education, supporting many findings from previous studies and identifying knowledge gaps to be explored in future research. There are implications for both educators and practitioners in creating discernible change for women in their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sammut
- School of Nursing, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Kuruppu
- Department of General Practice, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2281University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelsey Hegarty
- Department of General Practice, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2281University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kyle JR, Buranosky RA, Mutter M, Rothenberger SD, Hamm ME, McNeil MA. A Multifaceted Intimate Partner Violence Communication Skills Curriculum Increases Screening Among Internal Medicine Residents. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1778-1787. [PMID: 33739879 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common, yet physicians do not routinely screen patients for IPV. There are no clear recommendations for best educational practices for physician trainees that improve screening rates. Materials and Methods: We implemented an IPV curriculum combining didactics and communication skills training for internal medicine residents. Didactics included definitions, risk factors, screening recommendations, and documentation; communication skills training included developing unique screening and response phrases; and two simulated patient exercises. The primary outcome was screening documentation rates as measured through pre- and postcurriculum chart review. Secondary outcomes included knowledge, comfort, and attitudes measured through pre- and postcurriculum administration of an adapted Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate partner violence Survey (PREMIS). Postcurriculum semistructured interviews provided further details regarding behaviors and attitudes. Results: Forty residents completed the curriculum. 29/40 (73%) completed both pre- and postsurveys. Fifteen participated in semistructured interviews. Residents demonstrated increased screening documentation postcurriculum (p < 0.05). Residents showed improvement in 80% of objective knowledge questions, and in all perceived knowledge and comfort-based questions (p < 0.01). Statistically significant improvement was noted in many attitudinal domains, including reported screening rates (p < 0.05). In the semistructured interviews, participants reported experiencing both practice-based improvements and ongoing screening barriers. Practice-based improvements included increased screening comfort and frequency, and strengthening of the doctor-patient relationship. Ongoing screening barriers included time, resistance to practice change, competing medical needs, and personal discomfort. Conclusions: A multifaceted IPV curriculum for residents significantly improved documentation rates, knowledge, comfort, and attitudes. Residents reported increased comfort with screening and strengthened patient relationships but acknowledged ongoing barriers to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Kyle
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raquel A Buranosky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Mutter
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott D Rothenberger
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan E Hamm
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa A McNeil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cerulli C, Inoue S, Cerulli J. How to identify, assess, and refer patients experiencing interpersonal violence across the lifespan: the role of US pharmacists in integrated pharmacy research and practice. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 8:115-125. [PMID: 31815101 PMCID: PMC6863622 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s181213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal violence is a public health crisis in need of multipronged interventions. Victims of violence experience both acute injuries and chronic illness and may seek acute self-care and/or have the need for chronic medication therapy. Thus, the community-based, ambulatory pharmacy setting can serve as a portal for identification of, and intervention for, victims of violence. This article provides background on four types of interpersonal violence, including intimate partner, child and elder abuse, in addition to sexual assault. This article briefly reviews the statutory reporting requirements for pharmacists in the United States, identifies educational needs for pharmacists with existing resources and suggests a method for the ambulatory pharmacist's intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cerulli
- Laboratory of Interpersonal Violence and Victimization, Susan B. Anthony Center, Department of Psychiatry Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sachi Inoue
- Susan B. Anthony Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jennifer Cerulli
- Medication Therapy Management Pharmacist, MyMedZ Medication Review Service, Selkirk, NY, USA
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Semin JN, Skrundevskiy-Coburn A, Smith LM, Rajaram SS. Understanding the Needs and Preferences of Domestic and Sexual Violence Education for Health Profession Students. Violence Against Women 2019; 26:1876-1896. [PMID: 31802693 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219890420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined health profession students' comfort levels, perceived knowledge, attitudes, and preferences for domestic and sexual violence education at an academic medical center. Students indicated their perceived knowledge of community resources was poor, whereas comfort, attitudes, and perceived knowledge of the topic remained fair. A majority of students (83.2%) reported receiving less than 3 hr of training in their coursework, which remained consistent for students with more years of education. Students preferred content be incorporated into existing curricula or presented in lunch seminars. Study results reveal opportunities for improvement in domestic and sexual violence education.
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