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Pawar M, Vemireddy S, Sambyal S, Sampath Kumar HM. Synthesis and Immunological Activity of Novel Oligo(ethylene glycol) Analogues of α-Galactosylceramide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21891-21900. [PMID: 35785299 PMCID: PMC9245117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CD1d-arbitrated activation of i-NKT cells by α-galactosylceramide results in the effective secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, with adjuvanticity skewed toward Th2 immunity. However, the polarization of immune response could be achieved by suitable modification of the glycolipid structure. In the current study, novel glycolipids with an amphiphilic oligo ethylene glycol lipid moiety bearing the benzyloxy group at the terminus on the acyl arm of sphingosine, exhibited CD1d ligand binding as quantified by IL-2 cytokine production. When immunized with quadrivalent split influenza virus in BALB/c mice, the novel ceramide analogues with a longer oligo (ethylene glycol) chain length induced significant levels of antibody (IgG) with Th1-polarized immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun
S. Pawar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Sravanthi Vemireddy
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shainy Sambyal
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Halmuthur M. Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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2
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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The Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Acetal-Free Mimics of the Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:137-237. [PMID: 29173726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas express unique carbohydrates, known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), on their surface. These are potential targets for anticancer vaccines; however, to date, no such vaccine has reached the clinic. One factor that may complicate the success of this effort is the lability of the glycosidic bond. Acetal-free carbohydrates are analogues that lack the glycosidic linkage by replacing either the endo or exo oxygen with a methylene. This chapter summarizes the seminal syntheses of the mucin TACAs, provides an overview of common techniques for the synthesis of carbasugars and C-glycosides, reviews the syntheses published to date of acetal-free TACA analogues, and provides an overview of their observed biological activity. We conclude by offering a summation of the challenges remaining to the field biologically and the potential that acetal-free TACAs have of answering several basic questions in carbohydrate immunology.
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Altiti AS, Ma X, Zhang L, Ban Y, Franck RW, Mootoo DR. Synthesis and biological activities of C-glycosides of KRN 7000 with novel ceramide residues. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:73-77. [PMID: 28365448 PMCID: PMC5499692 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of immunoactive agents for clinical and mechanistic applications is a very active area of research. In this vein, analogues of the potent immunostimulant KRN 7000 with diverse cytokine profiles have attracted considerable attention. These compounds have been shown to activate iNKT cells via presentation by CD1d. Herein, we report on the synthesis and activity for four new C-glycosides of KRN 7000, 11-phenylundecanoyl and 11-p-fluorophenylundecanoyl derivatives of C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 and the reverse amide of C-KRN 7000. In mice, compared to C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 stimulated higher release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and lower release of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12. The phenyl terminated alkanoyl and reverse amide analogues were inactive. These data suggest that structure activity effects for KRN 7000 are not necessarily additive and their use in the design of new analogues will require an improved understanding of how subtle structural changes impact on cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard W Franck
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Woods N, Niwasabutra K, Acevedo R, Igoli J, Altwaijry N, Tusiimire J, Gray A, Watson D, Ferro V. Natural Vaccine Adjuvants and Immunopotentiators Derived From Plants, Fungi, Marine Organisms, and Insects. IMMUNOPOTENTIATORS IN MODERN VACCINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7148613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunopotentiators derived from different natural sources are under investigation with varying success. This chapter gives an overview of developments from plants, fungi, marine organisms, and insects. Plant-derived immune stimulators consist of a diverse range of small molecules or large polysaccharides. Notable examples that have been assessed in both preclinical and clinical trials include saponins, tomatine, and inulin. Similarly, fungi produce a range of potential candidate molecules, with β-glucans showing the most promise. Other complex molecules that have established adjuvant activity include α-galactosylceramide (originally obtained from a marine sponge), chitosan (commonly produced from chitin from shrimps), and peptides (found in bee venom). Some organisms, for example, endophytic fungi and bees, produce immunostimulants using compounds obtained from plants. The main challenges facing this type of research and tools being developed to overcome them are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Woods
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | - J. Igoli
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland,University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - A.I. Gray
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - D.G. Watson
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - V.A. Ferro
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Altiti AS, Bachan S, Mootoo DR. The Crotylation Way to Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Analogues of KRN7000. Org Lett 2016; 18:4654-7. [PMID: 27560147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of glycosphingolipids that centers on the reaction of O- and C-glycosyl crotylstannanes and relatively simple lipid aldehydes is described. The modularity of this strategy and versatility of the crotylation products make this an attractive approach to diverse, highly substituted libraries. The methodology is applied to analogues of the potent imunostimulatory glycolipid KRN7000, including O-, methylene-, and fluoromethine-linked isosteres with diastereomeric ceramide segments and 2-amido substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stewart Bachan
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Verma YK, Reddy BS, Pawar MS, Bhunia D, Sampath Kumar HM. Design, Synthesis, and Immunological Evaluation of Benzyloxyalkyl-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazolyl α-GalCer Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:172-6. [PMID: 26985293 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of the amide moiety in the structure of α-GalCer with a 1,2,3-triazole linker is known to elicit a response skewed toward Th2 immunity, and glycolipids containing an aromatic ring in the terminus of their acyl or phytosphingosine structural component exhibit an enhanced Th1 immune response. In the current study, synthesis and immunological screening of a focused library of benzyloxyalkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl α-GalCer analogues are reported. The novel α-GalCer analogues activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells via CD1d mediated presentation, which was confirmed by in vitro tests performed on iNKT hybridomas incubated with CD1d proteins. When tested on isolated murine splenocytes, the T1204B and T1206B compounds stimulated higher levels of both IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine expression in vitro compared to that of α-GalCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bonam Srinivasa Reddy
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mithun S. Pawar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Debabrata Bhunia
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Halmuthur M. Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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RCAI-61 and related 6′-modified analogs of KRN7000: Their synthesis and bioactivity for mouse lymphocytes to produce interferon-γ in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3066-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tashiro T, Shigeura T, Shiozaki M, Watarai H, Taniguchi M, Mori K. RCAI-133, an N-methylated analogue of KRN7000, activates mouse natural killer T cells to produce Th2-biased cytokines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Tashiro T, Shigeura T, Watarai H, Taniguchi M, Mori K. RCAI-84, 91, and 105-108, ureido and thioureido analogs of KRN7000: Their synthesis and bioactivity for mouse lymphocytes to produce Th1-biased cytokines. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4540-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu Z, Bittman R. Synthesis of C-glycoside analogues of α-galactosylceramide via linear allylic C-H oxidation and allyl cyanate to isocyanate rearrangement. Org Lett 2012; 14:620-3. [PMID: 22233351 DOI: 10.1021/ol2032448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-Glycoside analogues of α-galactosylceramide were synthesized in which several significant modifications known to promote Th-1 cytokine production were included. The key transformations include C-H oxidation, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, olefin cross metathesis, and an allyl cyanate to isocyanate rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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