1
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Wakabayashi T, Kametani Y, Tanahashi E, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Jung J, Saito S. Ferrocenyl PNNP Ligands-Controlled Chromium Complex-Catalyzed Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Formic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25963-25975. [PMID: 39240025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
3d-transition metal complexes have been gaining much attention as promising candidates for photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction systems. In contrast to the group 7-12 elements, Cr in group 6 has not yet been investigated as the catalyst of CO2 photoreduction because of its intrinsic disadvantages. Cr has a weak reducing ability due to an insufficient number of d electrons and high Lewis acidity which may deactivate the catalyst by strong coordination with a product formate. To overcome these drawbacks, we rationally designed molecular Cr complexes bearing ferrocenyl PNNP tetradentate ligands (FcCrCy, FcCriPr, FcCrtBu, and FcCrPh). These Cr complexes selectively converted CO2 into formic acid (HCO2H) under photocatalytic conditions and, to our knowledge, represent the first molecular Cr catalysts for CO2 photoreduction. The best catalyst FcCrPh achieved a turnover number of 1180 for HCO2H formation with 86% selectivity after 48 h of light irradiation, with a combined use of an organic photosensitizer. Electrochemical and continuous UV-vis absorption analyses clarified the sequential reaction pathways involving multielectron reduction and protonation of a Cr complex. Moreover, through detailed computational studies, photoinduced electron transfer mediated by ferrocenyl groups and intramolecular proton transfer attributed to hemilabile phosphine ligands would be key to the efficient catalysis that overwhelms the inherent disadvantages of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eimi Tanahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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2
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Draper F, DiLuzio S, Sayre HJ, Pham LN, Coote ML, Doeven EH, Francis PS, Connell TU. Maximizing Photon-to-Electron Conversion for Atom Efficient Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39302225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis is a powerful tool to access challenging and diverse syntheses. Absorption of visible light forms the excited state catalyst (*PC) but photons may be wasted if one of several unproductive pathways occur. Facile dissociation of the charge-separated encounter complex [PC•-:D•+], also known as (solvent) cage escape, is required for productive chemistry and directly governs availability of the critical PC•- intermediate. Competitive charge recombination, either inside or outside the solvent cage, may limit the overall efficiency of a photochemical reaction or internal quantum yield (defined as the moles of product formed per mole of photons absorbed by PC). Measuring the cage escape efficiency (ϕCE) typically requires time-resolved spectroscopy; however, we demonstrate how to estimate ϕCE using steady-state techniques that measure the efficiency of PC•- formation (ϕPC). Our results show that choice of electron donor critically impacts ϕPC, which directly correlates to improved synthetic and internal quantum yields. Furthermore, we demonstrate how modest structural differences between photocatalysts may afford a sizable effect on reactivity due to changes in ϕPC, and by extension ϕCE. Optimizing experimental conditions for cage escape provides photochemical reactions with improved atom economy and energy input, paving the way for sustainable design of photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Draper
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen DiLuzio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hannah J Sayre
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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3
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Schmitz M, Bertrams MS, Sell AC, Glaser F, Kerzig C. Efficient Energy and Electron Transfer Photocatalysis with a Coulombic Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25799-25812. [PMID: 39227057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis holds great promise for changing the way value-added molecules are currently prepared. However, many photocatalytic reactions suffer from quantum yields well below 10%, hampering the transition from lab-scale reactions to large-scale or even industrial applications. Molecular dyads can be designed such that the beneficial properties of inorganic and organic chromophores are combined, resulting in milder reaction conditions and improved reaction quantum yields of photocatalytic reactions. We have developed a novel approach for obtaining the advantages of molecular dyads without the time- and resource-consuming synthesis of these tailored photocatalysts. Simply by mixing a cationic ruthenium complex with an anionic pyrene derivative in water a salt bichromophore is produced owing to electrostatic interactions. The long-lived organic triplet state is obtained by static and quantitative energy transfer from the preorganized ruthenium complex. We exploited this so-called Coulombic dyad for energy transfer catalysis with similar reactivity and even higher photostability compared to a molecular dyad and reference photosensitizers in several photooxygenations. In addition, it was shown that this system can also be used to maximize the quantum yield of photoredox reactions. This is due to an intrinsically higher cage escape quantum yield after photoinduced electron transfer for purely organic compounds compared to heavy atom-containing molecules. The combination of laboratory-scale as well as mechanistic irradiation experiments with detailed spectroscopic investigations provided deep mechanistic insights into this easy-to-use photocatalyst class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Sophie Bertrams
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne C Sell
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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He S, Ni A, Gebre ST, Hang R, McBride JR, Kaledin AL, Yang W, Lian T. Doping of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Optimizing Interfacial Charge Transfer: A Double-Edged Sword. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24925-24934. [PMID: 39189788 PMCID: PMC11403596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Doping of colloidal nanocrystals offers versatile ways to improve their optoelectronic properties, with potential applications in photocatalysis and photovoltaics. However, the precise role of dopants on the interfacial charge transfer properties of nanocrystals remains poorly understood. Here, we use a Cu-doped InP@ZnSe quantum dot as a model system to investigate the dopant effects on both the intrinsic photophysics and their interfacial charge transfer by combining time-resolved transient absorption and photoluminescent spectroscopic methods. Our results revealed that the Cu dopant can cause the generation of the self-trapped exciton, which prolongs the exciton lifetime from 48.3 ± 1.7 to 369.0 ± 4.3 ns, facilitating efficient charge separation to slow electron and hole acceptors. However, hole localization into the Cu site alters their energetic levels, slowing hole transfer and accelerating charge recombination loss. This double-edged sword role of dopants in charge transfer properties is important in the future design of nanocrystals for their optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng He
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Anji Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sara T Gebre
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rui Hang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - James R McBride
- Department of Chemistry, The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Alexey L Kaledin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- The Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Dreher T, Geciauskas L, Steinfeld S, Procacci B, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Douthwaite RE, Duhme-Klair AK. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer facilitates photocatalytic oxygen atom transfer (OAT) with cis-dioxo molybdenum(vi)-Schiff base complexes. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02784a. [PMID: 39282649 PMCID: PMC11396016 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Systems incorporating the cis-Mo(O)2 motif catalyse a range of important thermal homogeneous and heterogeneous oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions spanning biological oxidations to platform chemical synthesis. Analogous light-driven processes could offer a more sustainable approach. The cis-Mo(O)2 complexes reported here photocatalyse OAT under visible light irradiation, and operate via a non-emissive excited state with substantial ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) character, in which a Mo[double bond, length as m-dash]O π*-orbital is populated via transfer of electron density from a chromophoric salicylidene-aminophenol (SAP) ligand. SAP ligands can be prepared from affordable commercially-available precursors. The respective cis-Mo(O)2-SAP catalysts are air stable, function in the presence of water, and do not require additional photosensitisers or redox mediators. Benchmark OAT between phosphines and sulfoxides shows that electron withdrawing groups (e.g. C(O)OMe, CF3) are necessary for photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic system described here is mechanistically distinct from both thermally catalysed OAT by the cis-Mo(O)2 motif, as well as typical photoredox systems that operate by outer sphere electron transfer mediated by long-lived emissive states. Both photoactivated and thermally activated OAT steps are coupled to establish a catalytic cycle, offering new opportunities for the development of photocatalytic atom transfer based on readily-available, high-valent metals, such as molybdenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Dreher
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Lukas Geciauskas
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Samuel Steinfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Barbara Procacci
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
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6
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Silva IF, Pulignani C, Odutola J, Galushchinskiy A, Texeira IF, Isaacs M, Mesa CA, Scoppola E, These A, Badamdorj B, Ángel Muñoz-Márquez M, Zizak I, Palgrave R, Tarakina NV, Gimenez S, Brabec C, Bachmann J, Cortes E, Tkachenko N, Savateev O, Jiménez-Calvo P. Enhancing deep visible-light photoelectrocatalysis with a single solid-state synthesis: Carbon nitride/TiO 2 heterointerface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:518-533. [PMID: 39260300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light responsive, stable, and abundant absorbers are required for the rapid integration of green, clean, and renewable technologies in a circular economy. Photoactive solid-solid heterojunctions enable multiple charge pathways, inhibiting recombination through efficient charge transfer across the interface. This study spotlights the physico-chemical synergy between titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase and carbon nitride (CN) to form a hybrid material. The CN(10%)-TiO2(90%) hybrid outperforms TiO2 and CN references and literature homologs in four photo and photoelectrocatalytic reactions. CN-TiO2 achieved a four-fold increase in benzylamine conversion, with photooxidation conversion rates of 51, 97, and 100 % at 625, 535, and 465 nm, respectively. The associated energy transfer mechanism was elucidated. In photoelectrochemistry, CN-TiO2 exhibited 23 % photoactivity of the full-spectrum measurement when using a 410 nm filter. Our findings demonstrate that CN-TiO2 displayed a band gap of 2.9 eV, evidencing TiO2 photosensitization attributed to enhanced charge transfer at the heterointerface boundaries via staggered heterojunction type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid F Silva
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carolina Pulignani
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jokotadeola Odutola
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, 33101 Finland
| | - Alexey Galushchinskiy
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ivo F Texeira
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Isaacs
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Camilo A Mesa
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University Jaume I, 12006 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Albert These
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bolortuya Badamdorj
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Márquez
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Italy
| | - Ivo Zizak
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Palgrave
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University Jaume I, 12006 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Christoph Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortes
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Nikolai Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, 33101 Finland
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Calvo
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany.
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7
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Beil SB, Bonnet S, Casadevall C, Detz RJ, Eisenreich F, Glover SD, Kerzig C, Næsborg L, Pullen S, Storch G, Wei N, Zeymer C. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Photocatalysis: Conclusions from an Interdisciplinary Workshop. JACS AU 2024; 4:2746-2766. [PMID: 39211583 PMCID: PMC11350580 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a versatile and rapidly developing field with applications spanning artificial photosynthesis, photo-biocatalysis, photoredox catalysis in solution or supramolecular structures, utilization of abundant metals and organocatalysts, sustainable synthesis, and plastic degradation. In this Perspective, we summarize conclusions from an interdisciplinary workshop of young principal investigators held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden in March 2023. We explore how diverse fields within photocatalysis can benefit from one another. We delve into the intricate interplay between these subdisciplines, by highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities presented by each field and how a multidisciplinary approach can drive innovation and lead to sustainable solutions for the future. Advanced collaboration and knowledge exchange across these domains can further enhance the potential of photocatalysis. Artificial photosynthesis has become a promising technology for solar fuel generation, for instance, via water splitting or CO2 reduction, while photocatalysis has revolutionized the way we think about assembling molecular building blocks. Merging such powerful disciplines may give rise to efficient and sustainable protocols across different technologies. While photocatalysis has matured and can be applied in industrial processes, a deeper understanding of complex mechanisms is of great importance to improve reaction quantum yields and to sustain continuous development. Photocatalysis is in the perfect position to play an important role in the synthesis, deconstruction, and reuse of molecules and materials impacting a sustainable future. To exploit the full potential of photocatalysis, a fundamental understanding of underlying processes within different subfields is necessary to close the cycle of use and reuse most efficiently. Following the initial interactions at the Lorentz Center Workshop in 2023, we aim to stimulate discussions and interdisciplinary approaches to tackle these challenges in diverse future teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus
Laboratories, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, University
Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Energy Transition
Studies (ETS), Netherlands Organization
for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Radarweg 60, 1043
NT Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Starla D. Glover
- Department
of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous
and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Golo Storch
- Technical
University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ning Wei
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Cathleen Zeymer
- Center for
Functional Protein Assemblies & Department of Bioscience, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Macpherson S, Lawson T, Abfalterer A, Andrich P, Lage A, Reisner E, Euser TG, Stranks SD, Gentleman AS. Influence of Electron Donors on the Charge Transfer Dynamics of Carbon Nanodots in Photocatalytic Systems. ACS Catal 2024; 14:12006-12015. [PMID: 39169903 PMCID: PMC11334169 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are nanosized light-harvesters emerging as next-generation photosensitizers in photocatalytic reactions. Despite their ever-increasing potential applications, the intricacies underlying their photoexcited charge carrier dynamics are yet to be elucidated. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphitic CNDs (NgCNDs) are selectively excited in the presence of methyl viologen (MV2+, redox mediator) and different electron donors (EDs), namely ascorbic acid (AA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The consequent formation of the methyl viologen radical cation (MV•+) is investigated, and the excited charge carrier dynamics of the photocatalytic system are understood on a 0.1 ps-1 ms time range, providing spectroscopic evidence of oxidative or reductive quenching mechanisms experienced by optically excited NgCNDs (NgCNDs*) depending on the ED implemented. In the presence of AA, NgCNDs* undergo oxidative quenching by MV2+ to form MV•+, which is short-lived due to dehydroascorbic acid, a product of photoinduced hole quenching of oxidized NgCNDs. The EDTA-mediated reductive quenching of NgCNDs* is observed to be at least 2 orders of magnitude slower due to screening by EDTA-MV2+ complexes, but the MV•+ population is stable due to the irreversibly oxidized EDTA preventing a back reaction. In general, our methodology provides a distinct solution with which to study charge transfer dynamics in photocatalytic systems on an extended time range spanning 10 orders of magnitude. This approach generates a mechanistic understanding to select and develop suitable EDs to promote photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Macpherson
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Takashi Lawson
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Paolo Andrich
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ava Lage
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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9
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Lyons RJ, Sprick RS. Processing polymer photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3764-3791. [PMID: 38895815 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00482e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated materials have emerged as competitive photocatalysts for the production of sustainable hydrogen from water over the last decade. Interest in these polymer photocatalysts stems from the relative ease to tune their electronic properties through molecular engineering, and their potentially low cost. However, most polymer photocatalysts have only been utilised in rudimentary suspension-based photocatalytic reactors, which are not scalable as these systems can suffer from significant optical losses and often require constant agitation to maintain the suspension. Here, we will explore research performed to utilise polymeric photocatalysts in more sophisticated systems, such as films or as nanoparticulate suspensions, which can enhance photocatalytic performance or act as a demonstration of how the polymer can be scaled for real-world applications. We will also discuss how the systems were prepared and consider both the benefits and drawbacks of each system before concluding with an outlook on the field of processable polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jack Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
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10
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Bruschi C, Gui X, Rauthe P, Fuhr O, Unterreiner AN, Klopper W, Bizzarri C. Dual Role of a Novel Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex in Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400765. [PMID: 38742808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A novel mononuclear Cu(I) complex was synthesized via coordination with a benzoquinoxalin-2'-one-1,2,3-triazole chelating diimine and the bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEPhos), to target a new and efficient photosensitizer for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The Cu(I) complex absorbs in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum, with a broad band having a maximum at 475 nm (ϵ =4500 M-1 cm-1), which is assigned to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition from the Cu(I) to the benzoquinoxalin-2'-one moiety of the diimine. Surprisingly, photo-driven experiments for the CO2 reduction showed that this complex can undergo a photoinduced electron transfer with a sacrificial electron donor and accumulate electrons on the diimine backbone. Photo-driven experiments in a CO2 atmosphere revealed that this complex can not only act as a photosensitizer, when combined with an Fe(III)-porphyrin, but can also selectively produce CO from CO2. Thus, owing to its charge-accumulation properties, the non-innocent benzoquinoxalin-2-one based ligand enabled the development of the first copper(I)-based photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pascal Rauthe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology., Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology., Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Rojas-Luna R, Romero-Salguero FJ, Esquivel D, Roy S. Manipulating the Coordination Structure of Molecular Cobalt Sites in Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica for CO 2 Photoreduction. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2024; 7:5924-5936. [PMID: 39055067 PMCID: PMC11267497 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction, including reaction rate, product selectivity, and longevity, is highly sensitive to the coordination structure of the catalytic active sites, and the precise design of the active site remains a challenge in heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report on the modulation of the coordination structure of MN x -type active sites (M = Co or Ni; x = 4 or 5) anchored on a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) support to improve photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The PMO was functionalized with pendant 3,6-di(2'-pyridyl)pyridazine (dppz) groups to allow immobilization of molecular Co and Ni complexes with polypyridine ligands. A comparative analysis of CO2 photoreduction in the presence of an organic photosensitizer (4CzIPN, 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene) and a conventional [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 sensitizer revealed strong influence of the coordination environment on the catalytic performance. CoN5-PMO demonstrated a superior CO2 photoreduction activity than the other materials and displayed a cobalt-based turnover number (TONCO) of 92 for CO evolution at ∼75% selectivity after 3 h irradiation in the presence of 4CzIPN. The hybrid CoN5-PMO catalyst exhibited better activity than its homogeneous [CoN5] counterpart, indicating that the heterogenization promotes the formation of isolated active sites with improved longevity and faster catalytic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rojas-Luna
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Salguero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Dolores Esquivel
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Souvik Roy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
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12
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Okumura S, Hattori S, Fang L, Uozumi Y. Multielectron Reduction of Esters by a Diazabenzacenaphthenium Photoredox Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16990-16995. [PMID: 38871673 PMCID: PMC11212623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A novel diazabenzacenaphthenium photocatalyst, N-BAP, with high photoredox abilities and visible-light absorption was designed and prepared in one step. Under visible-light irradiation, N-BAP promoted the four-electron reduction of esters in the presence of ammonium oxalate as a "traceless reductant" to generate carbinol anion intermediates that underwent protonation with water to give the corresponding alcohols. The resulting carbinol anions also exhibited nucleophilic reactivity under the photocatalytic conditions to undergo a 1,2-addition to a second carbonyl compound, affording unsymmetric 1,2-diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Okumura
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department
of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI
(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shusuke Hattori
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department
of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI
(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Lisa Fang
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uozumi
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department
of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI
(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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13
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Jiang Q, Li Y, Wang M, Cao W, Yang X, Zhang S, Guo L. Light energy utilization and microbial catalysis for enhanced biohydrogen: Ternary coupling system of triethanolamine-mediated Fe@C-Rhodobacter sphaeroides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130733. [PMID: 38670287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating effect of Triethanolamine on Fe@C-Rhodobacter sphaeroides hybrid photosynthetic system to achieve efficient biohydrogen production. The biocompatible Fe@C generates excited electrons upon exposure to light, releasing ferrum for nitrogenase synthesis, and regulating the pH of the fermentation environment. Triethanolamine was introduced to optimize the electron transfer chain, thereby improving system stability, prolonging electron lifespan, and facilitating ferrum corrosion. This, in turn, stimulated the lactic acid synthetic metabolic pathway of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, resulting in increased reducing power in the biohybrid system. The ternary coupling system was analyzed through the regulation of concentration, initial pH, and light intensity. The system achieved the highest total H2 production of 5410.9 mL/L, 1.29 times higher than the control (2360.5 mL/L). This research provides a valuable strategy for constructing ferrum-carbon-based composite-cellular biohybrid systems for photo-fermentation H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xueying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sihu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
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14
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Hu X, Yin R, Jeong J, Matyjaszewski K. Robust Miniemulsion PhotoATRP Driven by Red and Near-Infrared Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13417-13426. [PMID: 38691625 PMCID: PMC11099965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced polymerization techniques have gathered significant attention due to their mild conditions, spatiotemporal control, and simple setup. In addition to homogeneous media, efforts have been made to implement photopolymerization in emulsions as a practical and greener process. However, previous photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) in heterogeneous media has relied on short-wavelength lights, which have limited penetration depth, resulting in slow polymerization and relatively poor control. In this study, we demonstrate the first example of a highly efficient photoinduced miniemulsion ATRP in the open air driven by red or near-infrared (NIR) light. This was facilitated by the utilization of a water-soluble photocatalyst, methylene blue (MB+). Irradiation by red/NIR light allowed for efficient excitation of MB+ and subsequent photoreduction of the ATRP deactivator in the presence of water-soluble electron donors to initiate and mediate the polymerization process. The NIR light-driven miniemulsion photoATRP provided a successful synthesis of polymers with low dispersity (1.09 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.29) and quantitative conversion within an hour. This study further explored the impact of light penetration on polymerization kinetics in reactors of varying sizes and a large-scale reaction (250 mL), highlighting the advantages of longer-wavelength light, particularly NIR light, for large-scale polymerization in dispersed media owing to its superior penetration. This work opens new avenues for robust emulsion photopolymerization techniques, offering a greener and more practical approach with improved control and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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15
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Wang HF, Wang HJ, Zhong DC, Lu TB. Unveiling the role of proton concentration in dinuclear metal complexes for boosting photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318384121. [PMID: 38713627 PMCID: PMC11098096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318384121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction kinetics of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is highly dependent on the transfer rate of electrons and protons to the CO2 molecules adsorbed on catalytic centers. Studies on uncovering the proton effect in catalysts on photocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction are significant but rarely reported. In this paper, we, from the molecular level, revealed that the photocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction is closely related to the proton availability in catalysts. Specifically, four dinuclear Co(II) complexes based on Robson-type ligands with different number of carboxylic groups (-nCOOH; n = 0, 2, 4, 6) were designed and synthesized. All these complexes show photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO in a water-containing system upon visible-light illumination. Interestingly, the CO yields increase positively with the increase of the carboxylic-group number in dinuclear Co(II) complexes. The one containing -6COOH shows the best photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO, with the TON value reaching as high as 10,294. The value is 1.8, 3.4, and 7.8 times higher than those containing -4COOH, -2COOH, and -0COOH, respectively. The high TON value also makes the dinuclear Co(II) complex with -6COOH outstanding among reported homogeneous molecular catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Control experiments and density functional theory calculation indicated that more carboxylic groups in the catalyst endow the catalyst with more proton relays, thus accelerating the proton transfer and boosting the photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This study, at a molecular level, elucidates that more carboxylic groups in catalysts are beneficial for boosting the reaction kinetics of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin300384, China
| | - Hong-Juan Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin300384, China
| | - Di-Chang Zhong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin300384, China
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16
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Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhou M, Jiang HL. Heteroatom-Doped Ag 25 Nanoclusters Encapsulated in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401443. [PMID: 38407530 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique optical properties and abundant catalytic sites are promising in photocatalysis. However, their light-induced instability and the difficulty of utilizing the photogenerated carriers for photocatalysis pose significant challenges. Here, MAg24 (M=Ag, Pd, Pt, and Au) NCs doped with diverse single heteroatoms have been encapsulated in a metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH2, affording MAg24@UiO-66-NH2. Strikingly, compared with Ag25@UiO-66-NH2, the MAg24@UiO-66-NH2 doped with heteroatom exhibits much enhanced activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production, among which AuAg24@UiO-66-NH2 presents the best activity up to 3.6 mmol g-1 h-1, far superior to all other counterparts. Moreover, they display excellent photocatalytic recyclability and stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that MAg24 NCs encapsulated into the MOF create a favorable charge transfer pathway, similar to a Z-scheme heterojunction, when exposed to visible light. This promotes charge separation, along with optimized Ag electronic state, which are responsible for the superior activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Clinger A, Yang ZY, Pellows LM, King P, Mus F, Peters JW, Dukovic G, Seefeldt LC. Hole-scavenging in photo-driven N 2 reduction catalyzed by a CdS-nitrogenase MoFe protein biohybrid system. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112484. [PMID: 38219407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The light-driven reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) catalyzed by a cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystal‑nitrogenase MoFe protein biohybrid is dependent on a range of different factors, including an appropriate hole-scavenging sacrificial electron donor (SED). Here, the impact of different SEDs on the overall rate of N2 reduction catalyzed by a CdS quantum dot (QD)-MoFe protein system was determined. The selection of SED was guided by several goals: (i) molecules with standard reduction potentials sufficient to reduce the oxidized CdS QD, (ii) molecules that do not absorb the excitation wavelength of the CdS QD, and (iii) molecules that could be readily reduced by sustainable processes. Earlier studies utilized buffer molecules or ascorbic acid as the SED. The effectiveness of ascorbic acid as SED was compared to dithionite (DT), triethanolamine (TEOA), and hydroquinone (HQ) across a range of concentrations in supporting N2 reduction to NH3 in a CdS QD-MoFe protein photocatalytic system. It was found that TEOA supported N2 reduction rates comparable to those observed for dithionite and ascorbic acid. HQ was found to support significantly higher rates of N2 reduction compared to the other SEDs at a concentration of 50 mM. A comparison of the rates of N2 reduction by the biohybrid complex to the standard reduction potential (Eo) of the SEDs reveals that Eo is not the only factor impacting the efficiency of hole-scavenging. These findings reveal the importance of the SED properties for improving the efficiency of hole-scavenging in the light-driven N2 reduction reaction catalyzed by a CdS QD-MoFe protein hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Clinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - Lauren M Pellows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Paul King
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Florence Mus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - John W Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America; Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America.
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18
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Thammanatpong K, Surawatanawong P. Mechanisms of hydrogen evolution by six-coordinate cobalt complexes: a density functional study on the role of a redox-active pyridinyl-substituted diaminotriazine benzamidine ligand as a proton relay. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6006-6019. [PMID: 38469898 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction is an important process for energy storage. The six-coordinate cobalt complex [CoIII(L1-)(LH)]2+ (LH = N-(4-amino-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzamidine) was found to catalyze photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, we performed density functional calculations to obtain the reduction potentials and the proton-transfer free energy of possible intermediates to determine the preferred pathways for proton reduction. The mechanism involves the metal-based reduction of Co(III) to Co(II) before the protonation at the amidinate N on the pyridinyl-substituted diaminotriazine benzamidinate ligand L1- to form [CoII(LH)(LH)]2+. Essentially, the subsequent electron transfer is not metal-based reduction, but rather ligand-based reduction to form [CoII(LH)(LH˙1-)]1+. Through a proton-coupled electron transfer process, the cobalt hydride [CoIIH(LH)(LH2˙)]1+ is formed as the key intermediate for hydrogen evolution. As the cobalt hydride complex is coordinatively saturated, a structural change is required when the hydride on Co is coupled with the proton on pyridine. Notably, the redox-active nature of the ligand results in the low acidity of the protonated pyridine moiety of LH2˙, which impedes its function as a proton relay. Our findings suggest that separating the proton relay fragment from the electron reservoir fragment of the redox-active ligand is preferred for fully utilizing both features in catalytic H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittimeth Thammanatpong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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19
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Nikolaou V, Govind C, Balanikas E, Bharti J, Diring S, Vauthey E, Robert M, Odobel F. Antenna Effect in Noble Metal-Free Dye-Sensitized Photocatalytic Systems Enhances CO 2 -to-CO Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318299. [PMID: 38314922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photocatalytic systems (DSPs) have been extensively investigated for solar-driven hydrogen (H2 ) evolution. However, their application in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction remains limited. Furthermore, current solar-driven CO2 -to-CO DSPs typically employ rhenium complexes as catalysts. In this study, we have developed DSPs that incorporate noble metal-free components, specifically a zinc-porphyrin as photosensitizer (PS) and a cobalt-quaterpyridine as catalyst (CAT). Taking a significant stride forward, we have achieved an antenna effect for the first time in CO2 -to-CO DSPs by introducing a Bodipy as an additional chromophore to enhance light harvesting efficiency. The energy transfer from Bodipy to zinc porphyrin resulted in remarkable stability (turn over number (TON)=759 vs. CAT), and high CO evolution activity (42 mmol g-1 h-1 vs. CAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Nikolaou
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Chinju Govind
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaya Bharti
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
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20
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Axelsson M, Xia Z, Wang S, Cheng M, Tian H. Role of the Benzothiadiazole Unit in Organic Polymers on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. JACS AU 2024; 4:570-577. [PMID: 38425933 PMCID: PMC10900483 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Organic polymers based on the donor-acceptor structure are a promising class of efficient photocatalysts for solar fuel production. Among these polymers, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) consisting of fluorene donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor units has shown good photocatalytic activity when it is prepared into polymer dots (Pdots) in water. In this work, we investigate the effect of the chemical environment on the activity of photocatalysis from PFBT Pdots for hydrogen production. This is carried out by comparing the samples with various concentrations of palladium under different pH conditions and with different sacrificial electron donors (SDs). Moreover, a model compound 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole di-9,9-dioctylfluorene (BTDF) is synthesized to investigate the mechanism for protonation of benzothiadiazole and its kinetics in the presence of an organic acid-salicylic acid by cyclic voltammetry. We experimentally show that benzothiadiazole in BTDF can rapidly react with protons with a fitted value of 0.1-5 × 1010 M-1 s-1 which should play a crucial role in the photocatalytic reaction with a polymer photocatalyst containing benzothiadiazole such as PFBT Pdots for hydrogen production in acidic conditions. This work gives insights into why organic polymers with benzothiadiazole work efficiently for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Axelsson
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Ziyang Xia
- Institute
for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Ming Cheng
- Institute
for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haining Tian
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
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21
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Droghetti F, Amati A, Pascale F, Crochet A, Pastore M, Ruggi A, Natali M. Catalytic CO 2 Reduction with Heptacoordinated Polypyridine Complexes: Switching the Selectivity via Metal Replacement. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300737. [PMID: 37846888 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) in the presence of water, which are both effective and selective towards the generation of carbon-based products, is a critical task. Herein we report the catalytic activity towards the CO2 RR in acetonitrile/water mixtures by a cobalt complex and its iron analog both featuring the same redox-active ligand and an unusual seven-coordination environment. Bulk electrolysis experiments show that the cobalt complex mainly yields formate (52 % selectivity at an applied potential of -2.0 V vs Fc+ /Fc and 1 % H2 O) or H2 (up to 86 % selectivity at higher applied bias and water content), while the iron complex always delivers CO as the major product (selectivity >74 %). The different catalytic behavior is further confirmed under photochemical conditions with the [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ sensitizer (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine as electron donor, where the cobalt complex leads to preferential H2 formation (up to 89 % selectivity), while the iron analog quantitatively generates CO (up to 88 % selectivity). This is ascribed to a preference towards a metal-hydride vs. a metal-carboxyl pathway for the cobalt and the iron complex, respectively, and highlights how metal replacement may effectively impact on the reactivity of transition metal complexes towards solar fuel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Droghetti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Agnese Amati
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabien Pascale
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoretiques, University of Lorraine & CNRS, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoretiques, University of Lorraine & CNRS, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Losada IB, Persson P. Photoredox matching of earth-abundant photosensitizers with hydrogen evolving catalysts by first-principles predictions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074302. [PMID: 38375904 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoredox properties of several earth-abundant light-harvesting transition metal complexes in combination with cobalt-based proton reduction catalysts have been investigated computationally to assess the fundamental viability of different photocatalytic systems of current experimental interest. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations using several GGA (BP86, BLYP), hybrid-GGA (B3LYP, B3LYP*), hybrid meta-GGA (M06, TPSSh), and range-separated hybrid (ωB97X, CAM-B3LYP) functionals were used to calculate relevant ground and excited state reduction potentials for photosensitizers, catalysts, and sacrificial electron donors. Linear energy correction factors for the DFT/TD-DFT results that provide the best agreement with available experimental reference results were determined in order to provide more accurate predictions. Among the selection of functionals, the B3LYP* and TPSSh sets of correction parameters were determined to give the best redox potentials and excited states energies, ΔEexc, with errors of ∼0.2 eV. Linear corrections for both reduction and oxidation processes significantly improve the predictions for all the redox pairs. In particular, for TPSSh and B3LYP*, the calculated errors decrease by more than 0.5 V against experimental values for catalyst reduction potentials, photosensitizer oxidation potentials, and electron donor oxidation potentials. Energy-corrected TPSSh results were finally used to predict the energetics of complete photocatalytic cycles for the light-driven activation of selected proton reduction cobalt catalysts. These predictions demonstrate the broader usefulness of the adopted approach to systematically predict full photocycle behavior for first-row transition metal photosensitizer-catalyst combinations more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Bolaño Losada
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Rickmeyer K, Huber M, Hess CR. Influence of a neighbouring Cu centre on electro- and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction by Fe-Mabiq. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:819-822. [PMID: 38113085 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO2 reduction by a heterobimetallic Cu/Fe-Mabiq complex were examined and compared to the monometallic [Fe(Mabiq)]+. The neighbouring Cu-Xantphos unit leads to marked changes in the electrocatalytic mechanism and enhanced photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rickmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Matthias Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
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24
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Droghetti F, Amati A, Ruggi A, Natali M. Bioinspired motifs in proton and CO 2 reduction with 3d-metal polypyridine complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:658-673. [PMID: 38117176 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of active and efficient catalysts for solar fuel generation is nowadays of high relevance for the scientific community, but at the same time poses great challenges. Critical requirements are mainly associated with the kinetic barriers due to the multi-proton and multi-electron nature of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) as well as to selectivity issues. In this regard, natural enzymes can be a source of inspiration for the design of effective and selective catalysts to target such fundamental reactions. In this Feature Article we review some recent works on molecular catalysts for both the HER and the CO2RR performed in our labs and other research teams which mainly address (i) the role of redox non-innocent ligands, to lower the overpotential for catalysis and control the selectivity, and (ii) the role of internal relays, to assist formation of catalytic intermediates via intramolecular routes. The selected exemplars have been chosen to emphasize that, although the molecular structures and the synthetic motifs are different from those of the active sites of natural enzymes, many affinities in terms of catalytic mechanism and functionality are instead present, which account for the observed remarkable performances under operative conditions. The data discussed herein thus demonstrate the great potential and the privileged role of molecular catalysts towards the design and construction of hybrid photochemical systems for solar energy conversion into fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Droghetti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Agnese Amati
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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25
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Garbini M, Brunetti A, Pedrazzani R, Monari M, Marcaccio M, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Reductive cyclodimerization of chalcones: exploring the "self-adaptability" of galvanostatic electrosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:404-407. [PMID: 38084060 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04920e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The "self-adaptability" of galvanostatic electrolysis was shown to assist a multistage unprecedented chemo- and diastereoselective electrochemically promoted cyclodimerization of chalcones. The process, all involving the reductive events, delivered densely functionalized cyclopentanes featuring five contiguous stereocenters (25 examples, yields of up to 95%, dr values up to >20 : 1). Dedicated and combined experimental as well as electrochemical investigation revealed the key role of a dynamic kinetic resolution of the aldol intermediate for the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Garbini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Carr CR, Vrionides MA, Grills DC. Reactivity of radiolytically and photochemically generated tertiary amine radicals towards a CO2 reduction catalyst. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244503. [PMID: 38146832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous solar fuels photocatalytic systems often require several additives in solution with the catalyst to operate, such as a photosensitizer (PS), Brønsted acid/base, and a sacrificial electron donor (SED). Tertiary amines, in particular triethylamine (TEA) and triethanolamine (TEOA), are ubiquitously deployed in photocatalysis applications as SEDs and are capable of reductively quenching the PS's excited state. Upon oxidation, TEA and TEOA form TEA•+ and TEOA•+ radical cations, respectively, which decay by proton transfer to generate redox non-innocent transient radicals, TEA• and TEOA•, respectively, with redox potentials that allow them to participate in an additional electron transfer step, thus resulting in net one-photon/two-electron donation. However, the properties of the TEA• and TEOA• radicals are not well understood, including their reducing powers and kinetics of electron transfer to catalysts. Herein, we have used both pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis to generate TEA• and TEOA• radicals in CH3CN, and combined with UV/Vis transient absorption and time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopies, we have probed the kinetics of reduction of the well-established CO2 reduction photocatalyst, fac-ReCl(bpy)(CO)3 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), by these radicals [kTEA• = (4.4 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1 and kTEOA• = (9.3 ± 0.6) × 107 M-1 s-1]. The ∼50× smaller rate constant for TEOA• indicates, that in contrast to a previous assumption, TEA• is a more potent reductant than TEOA• (by ∼0.2 V, as estimated using the Marcus cross relation). This knowledge will aid in the design of photocatalytic systems involving SEDs. We also show that TEA can be a useful radiolytic solvent radical scavenger for pulse radiolysis experiments in CH3CN, effectively converting unwanted oxidizing radicals into useful reducing equivalents in the form of TEA• radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Carr
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Michael A Vrionides
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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27
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Abbas A, Oswald E, Romer J, Lenzer A, Heiland M, Streb C, Kranz C, Pannwitz A. Initial Quenching Efficiency Determines Light-Driven H 2 Evolution of [Mo 3 S 13 ] 2- in Lipid Bilayers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302284. [PMID: 37699127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses reactive components embedded in biological membranes to perform light-driven photosynthesis. Here, a model artificial photosynthetic system for light-driven hydrogen (H2 ) evolution is reported. The system is based on liposomes where amphiphilic ruthenium trisbipyridine based photosensitizer (RuC9 ) and the H2 evolution reaction (HER) catalyst [Mo3 S13 ]2- are embedded in biomimetic phospholipid membranes. When DMPC was used as the main lipid of these light-active liposomes, increased catalytic activity (TONCAT ~200) was observed compared to purely aqueous conditions. Although all tested lipid matrixes, including DMPC, DOPG, DPPC and DOPG liposomes provided similar liposomal structures according to TEM analysis, only DMPC yielded high H2 amounts. In situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements using Pd microsensors revealed an induction period of around 26 minutes prior to H2 evolution, indicating an activation mechanism which might be induced by the fluid-gel phase transition of DMPC at room temperature. Stern-Volmer-type quenching studies revealed that electron transfer dynamics from the excited state photosensitizer are most efficient in the DMPC lipid environment giving insight for design of artificial photosynthetic systems using lipid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Oswald
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Romer
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Lenzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Magdalena Heiland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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28
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Oksanen V, Rautiainen S, Wirtanen T. Nickel-Electrocatalyzed Synthesis of Bifuran-Based Monomers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302572. [PMID: 37735957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bifuran motifs can be accessed with nickel-bipyridine electrocatalyzed homocouplings of bromine-substituted methyl furancarboxylates, which, in turn, can be prepared from hemicellulose-derived furfural. The described protocol uses sustainable carbon-based graphite electrodes in the simplest setup - an undivided cell with constant current electrolysis. The reported method avoids using a sacrificial anode by employing triethanolamine as an electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Oksanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sari Rautiainen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
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29
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Xia Z, Liu B, Xiao Y, Hu W, Deng M, Lü C. Integrating Hybrid Perovskite Nanocrystals into Metal-Organic Framework as Efficient S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Synergistically Boosting Controlled Radical Photopolymerization under 980 nm NIR Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst MAPbI3@PCN-222 with light absorption extending to the NIR region is constructed by embedding organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (MAPbI3) into porphyrinic Zr-MOF (PCN-222). Both in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectral characterization, and photocatalytic polymerization experiment prove the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. MAPbI3@PCN-222 with a low dosage (90 ppm) displays an impressive photocatalytic ability for 980 nm light-mediated photoinduced electron/energy-transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization in air. The well-defined controllable-molecular weight polymers including block copolymers and ultrahigh-molecular weight polymers can be achieved with narrow distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.20) via rapid photopolymerization. The industrial application potential of the photocatalyst also has been proved by scale-up synthesis of polymers with low polydispersity under NIR light-induced photopolymerization in a large-volume reaction system (200 mL) with high monomer conversion up to 99%. The penetration photopolymerization through the 5 mm polytetrafluoroethylene plate and excellent photocontrollable behavior illustrate the existence of long-term photogenerated electron transfer of heterojunction and abundant free radicals in photopolymerization. The photocatalyst still retains high catalytic activity after 10 cycles of photopolymerization in air. It is revealed for the first time that the special PET-RAFT polymerization pathway is initiated by the aldehyde-bearing α-aminoalkyl radical derived from the oxidization of triethanolamine (TEOA) by the heterojunction photocatalyst. This research offers a new insight into understanding the NIR-light-activated PET-RAFT polymerization mechanism in the presence of TEOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Xia
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bei Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Wanchao Hu
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Deng
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Changli Lü
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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30
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Hernández JS, Guevara D, Shamshurin M, Benassi E, Sokolov MN, Feliz M. Octahedral Tantalum Bromide Clusters as Catalysts for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19060-19069. [PMID: 37935006 PMCID: PMC10664069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient hydrogen generation strategy from aqueous protons using sunlight is a current challenge aimed at the production of low-cost, easily accessible, renewable molecular hydrogen. For achieving this goal, non-noble metal containing and highly active catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable. Octahedral tantalum halide clusters {Ta6(μ-X)12}2+ (X = halogen) represent an emerging class of such HER photocatalysts. In this work, the photocatalytic properties of octahedral aqua tantalum bromide clusters toward HER and in acid and homogeneous aqueous conditions were investigated. The [{Ta6Bri12}Bra2(H2O)a4]·4H2O (i = inner ligand; a = apical ligand) compound is revealed to be an efficient precatalyst in acid (HBr) conditions and with methanol as the sacrificial agent. A response surface methodology (RSM) study was applied for the optimization of the HER conditions, considering the concentrations of both additives (methanol and HBr) as independent variables. An optimal H2 production of 11 mmol·g-1 (TON = 25) was achieved, which displays exceptional catalytic properties compared to regular Ta-based materials. The aqua tantalum bromide clusters assist in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation in agreement with energy-conversion schemes, and plausible active catalytic species and a reaction mechanism were proposed from computational and experimental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Sebastián Hernández
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Daniela Guevara
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Maxim Shamshurin
- Nikolaev
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marta Feliz
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avd. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
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31
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Gracia LL, Henkel P, Fuhr O, Bizzarri C. Selectivity control towards CO versus H 2 for photo-driven CO 2 reduction with a novel Co(II) catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1766-1775. [PMID: 38025089 PMCID: PMC10667713 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts for reducing carbon dioxide, a highly stable combustion waste product, is a relevant task to lower the atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas by upcycling. Selectivity towards CO2-reduction products is highly desirable, although it can be challenging to achieve since the metal-hydrides formation is sometimes favored and leads to H2 evolution. In this work, we designed a cobalt-based catalyst, and we present herein its physicochemical properties. Moreover, we tailored a fully earth-abundant photocatalytic system to achieve specifically CO2 reduction, optimizing efficiency and selectivity. By changing the conditions, we enhanced the turnover number (TON) of CO production from only 0.5 to more than 60 and the selectivity from 6% to 97% after four hours of irradiation at 420 nm. Further efficiency enhancement was achieved by adding 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol, producing CO with a TON up to 230, although at the expense of selectivity (54%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Lou Gracia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philip Henkel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Jökel J, Boydas EB, Wellauer J, Wenger OS, Robert M, Römelt M, Apfel UP. A Cu ICo II cryptate for the visible light-driven reduction of CO 2. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12774-12783. [PMID: 38020384 PMCID: PMC10646873 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02679e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the rare bimetallic complexes known for the reduction of CO2, CoIICoII and ZnIICoII hexamine cryptates are described as efficient photocatalysts. In close relation to the active sites of natural, CO2-reducing enzymes, we recently reported the asymmetric cryptand {NSNN}m ({NSNN}m = N[(CH2)2SCH2(m-C6H4)CH2NH(CH2)2]3N) comprising distinct sulphur- and nitrogen-rich binding sites and the corresponding CuIMII (MII = CoII, NiII, CuII) complexes. To gain insight into the effect of metals in different oxidation states and sulphur-incorporation on the photocatalytic activity, we herein investigate the CuICoII complex of {NSNN}m as catalyst for the visible light-driven reduction of CO2. After 24 h irradiation with LED light of 450 nm, CuICoII-{NSNN}m shows a high efficiency for the photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion with 9.22 μmol corresponding to a turnover number of 2305 and a high selectivity of 98% over the competing H2 production despite working in an acetonitrile/water (4 : 1) mixture. Experiments with mononuclear counterparts and computational studies show that the high activity can be attributed to synergistic catalysis between Cu and Co. Furthermore, it was shown that an increase of the metal distance results in the loss of synergistic effects and rather single-sited Co catalysis is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jökel
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Str. 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Esma Birsen Boydas
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Joël Wellauer
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marc Robert
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-76006 Paris France
| | - Michael Römelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Str. 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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33
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Arkhypchuk AI, Tran TT, Charaf R, Hammarström L, Ott S. Mechanistic Insights and Synthetic Explorations of the Photoredox-Catalyzed Activation of Halophosphines. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18391-18398. [PMID: 37853683 PMCID: PMC10647117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The light-driven activation of halophosphines R2PX (R = alkyl- or aryl, X = Cl, Br) by an IrIII-based photocatalyst is described. It is shown that initially formed secondary phosphines R2PH react readily with the remaining R2PX in a parent-child reaction to form diphosphines R2P-PR2. Aryl-containing diphosphines can be further reduced to secondary phosphines RAr2PH under identical photoredox conditions. Dihalophosphines RPX2 are also activated by the photoredox protocol, giving rise to unusual 3-, 4-, and 5-membered cyclophosphines. Transient absorption studies show that the excited state of the Ir photocatalyst is reductively quenched by the DIPEA (N,N-di-iso-propylethylamine) electron donor. Electron transfer to R2PX is however unexpectedly slow and cannot compete with recombination with the oxidized donor DIPEA•+. As DIPEA is not a perfectly reversible donor, a small proportion of the total IrII population escapes recombination, providing the reductant for the observed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström, Laboratory Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thuan T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström, Laboratory Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rima Charaf
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström, Laboratory Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström, Laboratory Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström, Laboratory Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Fan S, Loch AS, Vongsanga K, Dennison GH, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Differentiating Between V- and G-Series Nerve Agent and Simulant Vapours Using Fluorescent Film Responses. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301048. [PMID: 37932024 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In-field rapid and reliable identification of nerve agents is critical for the protection of Defence and National Security personnel as well as communities. Fluorescence-based detectors can be portable and provide rapid detection of chemical threats. However, most current approaches cannot differentiate between dilute vapors of nerve agent classes and are susceptible to false positives due to the presence of common acids. Here a fluorescence-based method is shown for rapid differentiation between the V-series and phosphonofluoridate G-series nerve agents and avoids false positives due to common acids. Differentiation is achieved through harnessing two different mechanisms. Detection of the V-series is achieved using photoinduced hole transfer whereby the fluorescence of the sensing material is quenched in the presence of the V-series agent. The G-series is detected using a turn-on mechanism in which a silylated excited state intramolecular proton transfer sensing molecule is selectively deprotected by hydrogen fluoride, which is typically found as a contaminant and/or breakdown product in G-series agents such as sarin. The strategy provided discrimination between classes, as the sensor for the G-series agent class is insensitive to the V-series agent, and vice versa, and neither responded to common acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Fan
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alex S Loch
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kylie Vongsanga
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Electro Optic Sensing and Electromagnetic Warfare, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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35
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Choi WO, Jung YJ, Kim M, Kim H, Li J, Ko H, Lee HI, Lee HJ, Lee JK. Substituent Effects of Fluorescein on Photoredox Initiating Performance under Visible Light. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40277-40286. [PMID: 37929095 PMCID: PMC10620908 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the effects of substituents in fluorescein on the photoredox catalytic performance under visible light. For the systematic investigation, the phenyl ring of fluorescein was substituted with six different functional groups (i.e., amine, amide, isothiocyanate, aminomethyl, bromo, or nitro group) at the 5- or 6-position. The fluorescein derivatives were carefully characterized through photophysical and electrochemical analyses. The substituent effects were estimated by comparing the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) under aerobic conditions to that of intact fluorescein. As a result, the amine and nitro groups exhibited the lowest performances, presumably due to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) promoted by the strong electron push-pull effect. The others, representative moderate or weak deactivators and activators, exhibited inferior performances than intact fluorescein, presumably owing to the more negative ΔGPET values, resulting in a decreased rate of intermolecular PET. These results are crucial for understanding the structure-performance relationship and the development of visible-light photoredox catalysts with improved performance and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hoyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyebin Ko
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hong-In Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jungkyu K. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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36
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Li Z, Yang C, Su Y, Cheng Y, Cui Y, Liu S, Fang Y. Photochemical reduction of CO 2 into CO coupling with triethanolamine decomposition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31616-31621. [PMID: 37908646 PMCID: PMC10614036 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the impacts of triethanolamine (TEOA) on the performance of photochemical CO2 reduction were investigated in a simple homogeneous system. We demonstrates that CO2 can be converted into CO coupling with the decomposition of triethanolamine in TEOA aqueous solution without other additives under light irradiation. About 7.5 μmol CO product is achieved within 7 h with a maximum apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 0.086% at 254 nm. The isotope labelling experiment confirms that CO product originates from the reduction of CO2 rather than the decomposition of TEOA. In addition, the photochemical system exhibits excellent stability, no obvious inactivation is observed during long-term photochemical CO2 reduction reaction. This work provides a deep understanding of the effects of TEOA on the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Upon utilizing TEOA as a sacrificial electron donor in photocatalytic system, the contribution of TEOA must be considered once evaluating the catalytic activity of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Caili Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Yingshi Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Yonghui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Yanjia Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Suyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Yiwen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
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37
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Wang S, Wu T, Wu S, Guo J, He T, Wu Y, Yuan W, Zhang Z, Hua Y, Zhao Y. Cobaloxime-Integrated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Alcohol Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311082. [PMID: 37698088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We report an azide-functionalized cobaloxime proton-reduction catalyst covalently tethered into the Wurster-type covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The cobaloxime-modified COF photocatalysts exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alcohol-containing solution with no presence of a typical sacrificial agent. The best performing cobaloxime-modified COF hybrid catalyzes hydrogen production with an average HER rate up to 38 μmol h-1 in ethanol/phosphate buffer solution under 4 h illumination. Ultrafast transient optical spectroscopy characterizations and charge carrier analysis reveal that the alcohol contents functioning as hole scavengers could be oxidized by the photogenerated holes of COFs to form aldehydes and protons. The consumption of the photogenerated holes thus suppresses exciton recombination of COFs and improves the ratio of free electrons that were effectively utilized to drive catalytic reaction for HER. This work demonstrates a great potential of COF-catalyzed HER using alcohol solvents as hole scavengers and provides an example toward realizing the accessibility to the scope of reaction conditions and a greener route for energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihuai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tai Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yinglong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Hua
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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38
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Kuzkova N, Kiyan IY, Wilkinson I, Merschjann C. Ultrafast dynamics in polymeric carbon nitride thin films probed by time-resolved EUV photoemission and UV-Vis transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27094-27113. [PMID: 37807824 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The ground- and excited-state electronic structures of four polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials have been investigated using a combination of photoemission and optical absorption spectroscopy. To establish the driving forces for photocatalytic water-splitting reactions, the ground-state data was used to produce a band diagram of the PCN materials and the triethanolamine electron scavenger, commonly implemented in water-splitting devices. The ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics of the same PCN materials were also investigated using two femtosecond-time-resolved pump-probe techniques: extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) photoemission and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) transient absorption spectroscopy. The complementary combination of these surface- and bulk-sensitive methods facilitated photoinduced kinetic measurements spanning the sub-picosecond to few nanosecond time range. The results show that 400 nm (3.1 eV) excitation sequentially populates a pair of short-lived transient species, which subsequently produce two different long-lived excited states on a sub-picosecond time scale. Based on the spectro-temporal characteristics of the long-lived signals, they are assigned to singlet-exciton and charge-transfer states. The associated charge-separation efficiency was inferred to be between 65% and 78% for the different studied materials. A comparison of results from differently synthesized PCNs revealed that the early-time processes do not differ qualitatively between sample batches, but that materials of more voluminous character tend to have higher charge separation efficiencies, compared to exfoliated colloidal materials. This finding was corroborated via a series of experiments that revealed an absence of any pump-fluence dependence of the initial excited-state decay kinetics and characteristic carrier-concentration effects that emerge beyond few-picosecond timescales. The initial dynamics of the photoinduced charge carriers in the PCNs are correspondingly determined to be spatially localised in the immediate vicinity of the lattice-constituting motif, while the long-time behaviour is dominated by charge-transport and recombination processes. Suppressing the latter by confining excited species within nanoscale volumes should therefore affect the usability of PCN materials in photocatalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Kuzkova
- Institute of Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Yu Kiyan
- Institute of Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Institute of Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Merschjann
- Department Atomic-Scale Dynamics in Light-Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Hasnan NSN, Mohamed MA, Nordin NA, Wan Ishak WNR, Kassim MB. Microtubular cellulose-derived kapok fibre as a solid electron donor for boosting photocatalytic H 2O 2 production over C-doped g-C 3N 4 hybrid complexation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121096. [PMID: 37364961 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose continues to play an important and emerging role in photocatalysis, and its favourable properties, such as electron-rich hydroxyl groups, could enhance the performance of photocatalytic reactions. For the first time, this study exploited the kapok fibre with microtubular structure (t-KF) as a solid electron donor to enhance the photocatalytic activity of C-doped g-C3N4 (CCN) via ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer (LMCT) to improve hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production performance. As confirmed by various characterisation techniques, the hybrid complex consisting of CCN grafted on t-KF was successfully developed in the presence of succinic acid (SA) as a cross-linker via a simple hydrothermal approach. The complexation formation between CCN and t-KF results in the CCN-SA/t-KF sample displaying a higher photocatalytic activity than pristine g-C3N4 to produce H2O2 under visible light irradiation. The enhanced physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of CCN-SA/t-KF imply that the LMCT mechanism is crucial in improving photocatalytic activity. This study promotes utilising the unique t-KF material's properties to develop a low-cost and high-performance cellulose-based LMCT photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shamimie Nadzwin Hasnan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Atikah Nordin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Ishak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad B Kassim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Xie ZL, Gupta N, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Lynch VM, Glusac KD, Mulfort KL. Photochemical charge accumulation in a heteroleptic copper(i)-anthraquinone molecular dyad via proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10219-10235. [PMID: 37772110 PMCID: PMC10529959 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient photocatalysts that perform multi electron redox reactions is critical to achieving solar energy conversion. One can reach this goal by developing systems which mimic natural photosynthesis and exploit strategies such as proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) to achieve photochemical charge accumulation. We report herein a heteroleptic Cu(i)bis(phenanthroline) complex, Cu-AnQ, featuring a fused phenazine-anthraquinone moiety that photochemically accumulates two electrons in the anthraquinone unit via PCET. Full spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses allowed us to identify the reduced species and revealed that up to three electrons can be accumulated in the phenazine-anthraquinone ring system under electrochemical conditions. Continuous photolysis of Cu-AnQ in the presence of sacrificial electron donor produced doubly reduced monoprotonated photoproduct confirmed unambiguously by X-ray crystallography. Formation of this photoproduct indicates that a PCET process occurred during illumination and two electrons were accumulated in the system. The role of the heteroleptic Cu(i)bis(phenanthroline) moiety participating in the photochemical charge accumulation as a light absorber was evidenced by comparing the photolysis of Cu-AnQ and the free AnQ ligand with less reductive triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor, in which photogenerated doubly reduced species was observed with Cu-AnQ, but not with the free ligand. The thermodynamic properties of Cu-AnQ were examined by DFT which mapped the probable reaction pathway for photochemical charge accumulation and the capacity for solar energy stored in the process. This study presents a unique system built on earth-abundant transition metal complex to store electrons, and tune the storage of solar energy by the degree of protonation of the electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Jens Niklas
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | | | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
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41
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Chen Z, Quek G, Zhu JY, Chan SJW, Cox-Vázquez SJ, Lopez-Garcia F, Bazan GC. A Broad Light-Harvesting Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Enables Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation in a Bacterial Biohybrid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307101. [PMID: 37438952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a rationally designed membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely COE-IC, which endows aerobic N2 -fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii with a light-harvesting ability that enables photosynthetic ammonia production. COE-IC possesses an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type conjugated core, which promotes visible light absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient. Furthermore, COE-IC spontaneously associates with A. vinelandii to form a biohybrid in which the COE is intercalated within the lipid bilayer membrane. In the presence of L-ascorbate as a sacrificial electron donor, the resulting COE-IC/A. vinelandii biohybrid showed a 2.4-fold increase in light-driven ammonia production, as compared to the control. Photoinduced enhancement of bacterial biomass and production of L-amino acids is also observed. Introduction of isotopically enriched 15 N2 atmosphere led to the enrichment of 15 N-containing intracellular metabolites, consistent with the products being generated from atmospheric N2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Glenn Quek
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Samuel J W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sarah J Cox-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Fernando Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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42
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Aboagye D, Djellabi R, Medina F, Contreras S. Radical-Mediated Photocatalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion into Value-Added Chemicals and Hydrogen: Facts, Opportunities and Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301909. [PMID: 37162030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic biomass conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels is considered one of the hottest ongoing research and industrial topics toward sustainable development. In short, this process can cleave Cβ -O/Cα -Cβ bonds in lignin to aromatic platform chemicals, and further conversion of the polysaccharides to other platform chemicals and H2 . From the chemistry point of view, the optimization of the unique cooperative interplay of radical oxidation species (which are activated via molecular oxygen species, ROSs) and substrate-derived radical intermediates by appropriate control of their type and/or yield is key to the selective production of desired products. Technically, several challenges have been raised that face successful real-world applications. This review aims to discuss the recently reported mechanistic pathways toward selective biomass conversion through the optimization of ROSs behavior and materials/system design. On top of that, through a SWOT analysis, we critically discussed this technology from both chemistry and technological viewpoints to help the scientists and engineers bridge the gap between lab-scale and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Aboagye
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Medina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Contreras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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43
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Lowe GA. Enabling artificial photosynthesis systems with molecular recycling: A review of photo- and electrochemical methods for regenerating organic sacrificial electron donors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1198-1215. [PMID: 37592934 PMCID: PMC10428615 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review surveys advances in the literature that impact organic sacrificial electron donor recycling in artificial photosynthesis. Systems for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction are optimized using sacrificial electron donors. One strategy for coupling carbon dioxide reduction and water oxidation to achieve artificial photosynthesis is to use a redox mediator, or recyclable electron donor. This review highlights photo- and electrochemical methods for recycling amines and NADH analogues that can be used as electron donors in artificial photosynthesis. Important properties of sacrificial donors and recycling strategies are also discussed. Compounds from other fields, such as redox flow batteries and decoupled water splitting research, are introduced as alternative recyclable sacrificial electron donors and their oxidation potentials are compared to the redox potentials of some model photosensitizers. The aim of this review is to act as a reference for researchers developing photocatalytic systems with sacrificial electron donors, and for researchers interested in designing new redox mediator and recyclable electron donor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Lowe
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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44
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Su K, Yuan SX, Wu LY, Liu ZL, Zhang M, Lu TB. Nanoscale Janus Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Artificial Photosynthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301192. [PMID: 37069769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis for CO2 reduction coupled with water oxidation currently suffers from low efficiency due to inadequate interfacial charge separation of conventional Z-scheme heterojunctions. Herein, an unprecedented nanoscale Janus Z-scheme heterojunction of CsPbBr3 /TiOx is constructed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Benefitting from the short carrier transport distance and direct contact interface, CsPbBr3 /TiOx exhibits significantly accelerated interfacial charge transfer between CsPbBr3 and TiOx (8.90 × 108 s-1 ) compared with CsPbBr3 :TiOx counterpart (4.87 × 107 s-1 ) prepared by traditional electrostatic self-assembling. The electron consumption rate of cobalt doped CsPbBr3 /TiOx can reach as high as 405.2 ± 5.6 µmol g-1 h-1 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO coupled with H2 O oxidation to O2 under AM1.5 sunlight (100 mW cm-2 ), over 11-fold higher than that of CsPbBr3 :TiOx , and surpassing the reported halide-perovskite-based photocatalysts under similar conditions. This work provides a novel strategy to boost charge transfer of photocatalysts for enhancing the performance of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Su-Xian Yuan
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Li-Yuan Wu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Liu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Min Zhang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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45
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Zhurenok AV, Vasichenko DB, Berdyugin SN, Gerasimov EY, Saraev AA, Cherepanova SV, Kozlova EA. Photocatalysts Based on Graphite-like Carbon Nitride with a Low Content of Rhodium and Palladium for Hydrogen Production under Visible Light. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2176. [PMID: 37570494 PMCID: PMC10421291 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed photocatalysts based on graphite-like carbon nitride with a low content (0.01-0.5 wt.%) of noble metals (Pd, Rh) for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. As precursors of rhodium and palladium, labile aqua and nitrato complexes [Rh2(H2O)8(μ-OH)2](NO3)4∙4H2O and (Et4N)2[Pd(NO3)4], respectively, were proposed. To obtain metallic particles, reduction was carried out in H2 at 400 °C. The synthesized photocatalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The activity of the photocatalysts was tested in the hydrogen evolution from aqueous and aqueous alkaline solutions of TEOA under visible light with a wavelength of 428 nm. It was shown that the activity for the 0.01-0.5% Rh/g-C3N4 series is higher than in the case of the 0.01-0.5% Pd/g-C3N4 photocatalysts. The 0.5% Rh/g-C3N4 sample showed the highest activity per gram of catalyst, equal to 3.9 mmol gcat-1 h-1, whereas the most efficient use of the metal particles was found over the 0.1% Rh/g-C3N4 photocatalyst, with the activity of 2.4 mol per gram of Rh per hour. The data obtained are of interest and can serve for further research in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using noble metals as cocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina V. Zhurenok
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Danila B. Vasichenko
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Semen N. Berdyugin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Yu. Gerasimov
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Andrey A. Saraev
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Svetlana V. Cherepanova
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Kozlova
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (D.B.V.); (E.Y.G.); (A.A.S.); (S.V.C.)
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46
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Endo K, Saruyama M, Teranishi T. Location-selective immobilisation of single-atom catalysts on the surface or within the interior of ionic nanocrystals using coordination chemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4241. [PMID: 37454144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts dispersed on support materials show excellent heterogeneous catalytic properties that can be tuned using the interactions between the single atoms and the support. Such interactions depend on whether the single atoms are located on the surface or within the interior of the support. However, little is known about immobilising single atoms on the surface or within the interior of supports deliberately and selectively. Herein, such location-selective placement of single atoms is achieved through the choice of metal complex precursor, solvent, and workup procedure. Using CdSe nanoplatelets as a support, a cis-[PtCl2(SO(CH3)2)2] precursor in an aprotic solvent exclusively attaches single Pt atoms on the surface of the support. In contrast, a [PtCl4]2- precursor in a protic solvent followed by amine treatment places 60% of the single Pt atoms inside the support by cation substitution. The surface-adsorbed single Pt atoms show higher stability in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution than the substituted ones, and the preclusion of substitution as internal Pt maximises the activity. Thus, this study provides a viable strategy for the structurally precise synthesis and design of single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Endo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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47
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Lawson T, Gentleman AS, Lage A, Casadevall C, Xiao J, Petit T, Frosz MH, Reisner E, Euser TG. Low-Volume Reaction Monitoring of Carbon Dot Light Absorbers in Optofluidic Microreactors. ACS Catal 2023; 13:9090-9101. [PMID: 37441232 PMCID: PMC10334427 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical monitoring and screening of photocatalytic batch reactions using cuvettes ex situ is time-consuming, requires substantial amounts of samples, and does not allow the analysis of species with low extinction coefficients. Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide an innovative approach for in situ reaction detection using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, with the potential for high-throughput automation using extremely low sample volumes with high sensitivity for monitoring of the analyte. HC-PCFs use interference effects to guide light at the center of a microfluidic channel and use this to enhance detection sensitivity. They open the possibility of comprehensively studying photocatalysts to extract structure-activity relationships, which is unfeasible with similar reaction volume, time, and sensitivity in cuvettes. Here, we demonstrate the use of HC-PCF microreactors for the screening of the electron transfer properties of carbon dots (CDs), a nanometer-sized material that is emerging as a homogeneous light absorber in photocatalysis. The CD-driven photoreduction reaction of viologens (XV2+) to the corresponding radical monocation XV•+ is monitored in situ as a model reaction, using a sample volume of 1 μL per measurement and with a detectability of <1 μM. A range of different reaction conditions have been systematically studied, including different types of CDs (i.e., amorphous, graphitic, and graphitic nitrogen-doped CDs), surface chemistry, viologens, and electron donors. Furthermore, the excitation irradiance was varied to study its effect on the photoreduction rate. The findings are correlated with the electron transfer properties of CDs based on their electronic structure characterized by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Optofluidic microreactors with real-time optical detection provide unique insight into the reaction dynamics of photocatalytic systems and could form the basis of future automated catalyst screening platforms, where samples are only available on small scales or at a high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Lawson
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ava Lage
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energy GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Petit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energy GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael H. Frosz
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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48
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Muniz CN, Archer CA, Applebaum JS, Alagaratnam A, Schaab J, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Coinage Metal Complexes as Solar Photosensitizers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37319428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Generating sustainable fuel from sunlight plays an important role in meeting the energy demands of the modern age. Herein, we report two-coordinate carbene-metal-amide (cMa, M = Cu(I) and Au(I)) complexes that can be used as sensitizers to promote the light-driven reduction of water to hydrogen. The cMa complexes studied here absorb visible photons (εvis > 103 M-1 cm-1), maintain long excited-state lifetimes (τ ∼ 0.2-1 μs), and perform stable photoinduced charge transfer to a target substrate with high photoreducing potential (E+/* up to -2.33 V vs Fc+/0 based on a Rehm-Weller analysis). We pair these coinage metal complexes with a cobalt-glyoxime electrocatalyst to photocatalytically generate hydrogen and compare the performance of the copper- and gold-based cMa complexes. We also find that the two-coordinate complexes herein can perform photodriven hydrogen production from water without the addition of the cobalt-glyoxime electrocatalyst. In this "catalyst-free" system, the cMa sensitizer partially decomposes to give metal nanoparticles that catalyze water reduction. This work identifies two-coordinate coinage metal complexes as promising abundant metal, solar fuel photosensitizers that offer exceptional tunability and photoredox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin N Muniz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Claire A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jack S Applebaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anushan Alagaratnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jonas Schaab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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49
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Bianco A, Gradone A, Morandi V, Bergamini G. RuO 2 Nanostructure as an Efficient and Versatile Catalyst for H 2 Photosynthesis. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:6243-6250. [PMID: 37323205 PMCID: PMC10265652 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2 generation holds promise in the green production of alternative fuels and valuable chemicals. Seeking alternative, cost-effective, stable, and possibly reusable catalysts represents a timeless challenge for scientists working in the field. Herein, commercial RuO2 nanostructures were found to be a robust, versatile, and competitive catalyst in H2 photoproduction in several conditions. We employed it in a classic three-component system and compared its activities with those of the widely used platinum nanoparticle catalyst. We observed a hydrogen evolution rate of 0.137 mol h-1 g-1 and an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 6.8% in water using EDTA as an electron donor. Moreover, the favorable employment of l-cysteine as the electron source opens possibilities precluded to other noble metal catalyst. The versatility of the system has also been demonstrated in organic media with impressive H2 production in acetonitrile. The robustness has been proved by the recovery of the catalyst by centrifugation and reusage alternatively in different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bianco
- Department
of Chemistry ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gradone
- CNR
Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- CNR
Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department
of Chemistry ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
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50
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Leone L, Sgueglia G, La Gatta S, Chino M, Nastri F, Lombardi A. Enzymatic and Bioinspired Systems for Hydrogen Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108605. [PMID: 37239950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel has sparked the interest of the scientific community to find environmentally friendly methods for its production. Biological catalysts are the most attractive solution, as they usually operate under mild conditions and do not produce carbon-containing byproducts. Hydrogenases promote reversible proton reduction to hydrogen in a variety of anoxic bacteria and algae, displaying unparallel catalytic performances. Attempts to use these sophisticated enzymes in scalable hydrogen production have been hampered by limitations associated with their production and stability. Inspired by nature, significant efforts have been made in the development of artificial systems able to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, via either electrochemical or light-driven catalysis. Starting from small-molecule coordination compounds, peptide- and protein-based architectures have been constructed around the catalytic center with the aim of reproducing hydrogenase function into robust, efficient, and cost-effective catalysts. In this review, we first provide an overview of the structural and functional properties of hydrogenases, along with their integration in devices for hydrogen and energy production. Then, we describe the most recent advances in the development of homogeneous hydrogen evolution catalysts envisioned to mimic hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmattia Sgueglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Gatta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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