Influence of yeasts on bioactive compounds content of traditional sorghum beer (tchapalo) produced in Côte d'Ivoire

Changes in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Rosa rugosa 'Mohong' during fermentation

Fermented rose petals are a traditional delicacy of the Dali Bai community in Yunnan, China. Fermentation enhances the quality and nutritional value of roses, as well as their efficacy, by increasing the levels of phenolic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the significant variations in four active compounds throughout the traditional fermentation process. Four compounds in Rosa rugosa 'Mohong' were examined, and significant variations among polyphenols and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were observed. These variations were studied during fermentation by Saccharomyces rouxii at varying temperatures and durations. Moreover, the results showed that gallic acid and syringic acid content significantly increased (P < 0.05) with a rise in temperature from 20°C-35 °C during fermentation. Simultaneously, rutin and quercetin levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at all four temperatures throughout the five periods. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fermented R. rugosa 'Mohong' methanol extracts were dose-dependent. Our results provide valuable insights into optimizing the processing scale and quality control of fermented rose products.

New strategies to address world food security and elimination of malnutrition: future role of coarse cereals in human health

As we face increasing challenges of world food security and malnutrition, coarse cereals are coming into favor as an important supplement to human staple foods due to their high nutritional value. In addition, their functional components, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, make them an important food source for healthy diets. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the importance of coarse cereals for world food security and nutritional goals. This review summarizes the worldwide cultivation and distribution of coarse cereals, indicating that the global area for coarse cereal cultivation is steadily increasing. This paper also focuses on the special adaptive mechanisms of coarse cereals to drought and discusses the strategies to improve coarse cereal crop yields from the perspective of agricultural production systems. The future possibilities, challenges, and opportunities for coarse cereal production are summarized in the face of food security challenges, and new ideas for world coarse cereal production are suggested.

Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of two industrial beers produced in Ivory Coast

Beer is a world-famous beverage that is universally popular. This might be as an effect of its sensory, nutritional, and therapeutic qualities. To date, in Côte d'Ivoire, no study has been carried out focused on the eventual health benefits of industrial beer consumption. In this study, the bioactive compounds (total phenols, total tannins, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins) and corresponding antioxidant activities of two industrial beers from maize and rice from two different breweries were investigated. Results showed that for all phenolic compounds, contents were not statistically different (P > 0.05). However, antioxidant activities (antiradical activity and ferric reducing antioxydant power) were more important in industrial beer from rice (57.57 ± 0.62% and 109.46 ± 0.39 μg/mL ascorbic acid irrespectively) than industrial beer from maize (39.19 ± 1.02% and 103.51 ± 0.62 μg/mL ascorbic acid). Total phenols, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins were mostly responsible for the antioxidant activities (antiradical activity and ferric reducing antioxydant power) of two beers, with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.614 to r = 1. Globally, the two industrial beers were similars but differents from local traditional sorghum beer. Occurrence of phenolic compounds in beers coupled with antioxidant activities shows that beer consumption could have health benefits to condition that beers have a low-alcohol content and light-to-moderate consumption. However, further investigations aims health benefis aspect are necessary.

Sorghum Flour Features Related to Dry Heat Treatment and Milling

Heat treatment of sorghum kernels has the potential to improve their nutritional properties. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of dry heat treatment at two temperatures (121 and 140 °C) and grain fractionation, on the chemical and functional properties of red sorghum flour with three different particle sizes (small, medium, and large), for process optimization. The results showed that the treatment temperature had a positive effect on the water absorption capacity, as well as the fat, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content, whereas the opposite tendency was obtained for oil absorption capacity, swelling power, emulsion activity and protein and fiber content. Sorghum flour particle size had a positive impact on water absorption capacity, emulsion activity and protein, carbohydrate and fiber content, while oil absorption capacity, swelling power and fat, ash and moisture content were adversely affected. The optimization process showed that at the treatment temperature at 133 °C, an increase in fat, ash, fiber and carbohydrate content was experienced in the optimal fraction dimension of red sorghum grains. Moreover, the antioxidant performance showed that this fraction produced the best reducing capability when water was used as an extraction solvent. Starch digestibility revealed a 22.81% rise in resistant starch, while the thermal properties showed that gelatinization enthalpy was 1.90 times higher compared to the control sample. These findings may be helpful for researchers and the food industry in developing various functional foods or gluten-free bakery products.

Use of Coffee Bean Bagasse Extracts in the Brewing of Craft Beers: Optimization and Antioxidant Capacity

Coffee bean bagasse is one of the main by-products generated by industrial coffee production. This by-product is rich in bioactive compounds such as caffeine, caffeic and chlorogenic acid, and other phenols. The aims of this work are to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic compounds present in coffee bean bagasse and incorporate them into stout-style craft beers, as well as to determine their effect on the phenol content and antioxidant capacity. The optimal conditions for extraction were 30% ethanol, 30 °C temperature, 17.5 mL of solvent per gram of dry sample, and 30 min of sonication time. These conditions presented a total phenol content of 115.42 ± 1.04 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW), in addition to an antioxidant capacity of 39.64 ± 2.65 μMol TE/g DW in DPPH• and 55.51 ± 6.66 μMol TE/g DW for FRAP. Caffeine, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and other minor compounds were quantified using HPLC-DAD. The coffee bean bagasse extracts were added to the stout craft beer and increased the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the beer. This work is the first report of the use of this by-product added to beers.

Sorghum Flour: A Valuable Ingredient for Bakery Industry?

The information from this study may provide opportunities for industrial application of sorghum seed flour as a useful bakery ingredient and a suitable alternative source of functional compounds to whole wheat flour. The chemical composition of sorghum was evaluated compared to that of wheat whole flour, showing high contents of mineral and fibers. Next were evaluated the dough rheological properties of flour mixtures using Mixolab equipment, “Chopin+” protocol. Finally, six bread samples were obtained from wheat flour with addition of sorghum seed flour in various percentages, in which three samples were fortified with Lactobacillus plantarum compared to the other three bread samples without the addition of any lactic acid bacteria. All six bread sample were compared to a control bread sample with wheat flour type 550. The results show the fat and raw fiber were higher in sorghum compared to whole wheat flour. Also, the content of magnesium, potassium, and iron were much higher than in whole wheat flour. A significant improvement of the sensorial characteristics was observed in bread samples in which lactic acid bacteria was used.