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Gao C, Jia L, Ma M, Zhang X, Li T. Hemodynamic alterations response to Chinese acupuncture therapy monitored by a custom near-infrared spectroscopy probe with an open hole. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300124. [PMID: 37264556 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional acupuncture, a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technique, has demonstrated potential in relieving various ailments' symptoms. However, its black-box feedback loop model has limited proper evaluation and use by unskilled practitioners. This study aimed to analyze hemodynamic signals around acupoints during acupuncture to identify significant parameter changes. We designed hollow near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probes for real-time measurements during acupuncture at acupoints, monitoring oxy-hemoglobin (HbO), deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), and blood volume (HbT) changes. Acupuncture was performed on the "Xuehai" acupoint in 17 healthy subjects, with NIRS measuring hemodynamic alterations. Results showed significant and consistent increases in Hb and HbT around the acupoint, returning to baseline values after needle removal. One case of fainting revealed a significant Hb increase and HbO decrease. Acupuncture may induce tissue vasodilation and enhance oxygen consumption. This research provides a potential explanation for acupuncture's mechanism and emphasizes NIRS's potential in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanyu Jia
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghua Ma
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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2
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Yin HY, Fan YP, Liu J, Li DT, Guo J, Yu SG. Purinergic ATP triggers moxibustion-induced local anti-nociceptive effect on inflammatory pain model. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:5-12. [PMID: 34378078 PMCID: PMC9984580 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling adenosine and its A1 receptors have been demonstrated to get involved in the mechanism of acupuncture (needling therapy) analgesia. However, whether purinergic signalling would be responsible for the local analgesic effect of moxibustion therapy, the predominant member in acupuncture family procedures also could trigger analgesic effect on pain diseases, it still remains unclear. In this study, we applied moxibustion to generate analgesic effect on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain rats and detected the purine released from moxibustioned-acupoint by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach. Intramuscular injection of ARL67156 into the acupoint Zusanli (ST36) to inhibit the breakdown of ATP showed the analgesic effect of moxibustion was increased while intramuscular injection of ATPase to speed up ATP hydrolysis caused a reduced moxibustion-induced analgesia. These data implied that purinergic ATP at the location of ST36 acupoint is a potentially beneficial factor for moxibustion-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Yin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China. .,Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Ya-Peng Fan
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Dao-Tong Li
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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3
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Xia Y, Sun R, Li R, Ren L, Wang Y, Fang J. Research Trends of Moxibustion Therapy for Pain Treatment Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2465-2479. [PMID: 36035980 PMCID: PMC9400680 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s374564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulate evidence indicated that moxibustion has a positive effect on pain treatment. However, the bibliometric analysis of moxibustion on pain remains uncertain. Herein, this study aimed to explore the current hotspots and the research trends over the past decade to bring a great panorama in this field. Methods Publications were retrieved from the database Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) related to moxibustion therapy for pain treatment from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. CiteSpace and Excel were applied to analyze the volume of publications, journals, cited journals, dual-map analysis, countries, institutes, authors, references, and keywords with citation bursts. Results A total of 360 publications were retrieved from 2012 to 2021. The annual number of publications increased steadily with some fluctuations over the past 10 years. "The Evid Based Complement Alternat Med" and "the Gut" were the top-cited journals in frequency and centrality. China and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the most prolific country and institutions, respectively. Among authors, Huangan Wu was the most active author with the highest cited frequency. Jun Xiong, Fanrong Liang and Guixing Xu held the articles with higher centrality. In the ranking of frequency and centrality in cited references, the top one was the article published by Shamseer L and Deng HY, respectively. "Acupuncture" was the keyword with the highest frequency. Pain disease (including rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, herpes zoster), research method (including randomized controlled trial), and risk (including quality of life, economic burden, physical and psychological problems) were the hotspots and frontier trends in this field. Conclusion This bibliometric study reveals the current status and research trend in the treatment of pain with moxibustion. The formulation with bibliometric analysis further elicits hot spots and frontier issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Xia
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Ren
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
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Kim DJ, Jo HR, Jang H, Choi SK, Jung CY, Sung WS, Lee SD, Lee BW, Kim EJ. Temperature Characteristics of Traditional Indirect Moxibustion and Electronic Moxibustion. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:174-180. [PMID: 35770547 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic moxibustion (EM) was developed to minimize the side effects of traditional moxibustion, such as burns, and to overcome therapeutic compliances such as smoke or smell. Objectives To investigate distributions and thermal stimulation of EM at various depths using silicon phantom and to compare this methodology to traditional indirect moxibustion (TIM). Methods A silicon phantom composed of polydimethylsiloxane was heated and immersed in a hot plate containing warm water to set the phantom's temperature to that of biological tissue. K-type thermocouples were inserted into the phantom at depths of 0, 2, 5, 7, and 10 mm to measure temperature changes with thermal stimulation of EM or TIM placed on top of the phantom. Results At the surface of the phantom, the peak temperature after applying TIM (55.04 ± 0.92℃ [Δ23.79 ± 0.96℃]) was significantly higher than after EM (43.25 ± 1.95℃ [Δ13.00 ± 2.23℃]), with both interventions reaching the highest temperature after 2 minutes. The temperature increase for TIM was also statistically significant compared to EM when measured at a depth of 2 mm. For the experimental setting with TIM, after reaching peak surface temperature, a rapid decrease was observed at the surface and 2 mm while EM showed a much more gradual decline. There was no significant difference in temperature change between the groups at depths of 5, 7, and 10 mm. Conclusion TIM resulted in a higher temperature rise compared to EM at the surface and at a 2 mm depth reaching over 50℃, which creates risk of burns. Thermal stimulation with EM had a lower risk of burns with temperature increment not being statistically different from TIM below the depth of 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Rim Jo
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hansol Jang
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan-Yung Jung
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Sung
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung-Deok Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Classics and History, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Jo HR, Sung WS, Jung CY, Lim CY, Lee SD, Hong SU, Kim KH, Kim EJ. Effectiveness and safety of electric heating moxibustion for perennial allergic rhinitis: A pilot, randomized, assessor-blind trial. Complement Ther Med 2022; 68:102835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Adverse Events of Electronic Moxibustion Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: Case Reports and a Literature Review. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2021.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electronic moxibustion has the advantage of temperature control and maintenance, and overcomes the limitations of the existing moxibustion process without the use of the combustion process. However, as the application of electronic moxibustion in clinical practice has increased, safety issues are emerging.Methods: Clinical cases of electronic moxibustion treatment for knee osteoarthritis where burns occurred were collected. In addition, adverse events reported in clinical studies using electronic moxibustion for patients with knee osteoarthritis were collected from studies retrieved from Korean and international databases.Results: There were 3 cases of superficial 2nd degree burns retrospectively collected through chart reviews. Among the selected 5 studies for literature review, 2 studies reported adverse events which were burns milder than those reported in these 3 cases in this retrospective case review.Conclusion: Since the risk of superficial 2nd degree burn was discovered in the cases reviewed, further research on safe electronic moxibustion treatment is required without compromising the effectiveness of moxibustion.
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7
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Chen J, Liu A, Zhou Q, Yu W, Guo T, Jia Y, Yang K, Niu P, Feng H. Acupuncture for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8481-8494. [PMID: 34848997 PMCID: PMC8617312 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture has been widely used in the clinical management of osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA). Many systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) have reported its effectiveness in relieving pain. This overview aimed to summarize SRs and MAs on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for KOA and evaluate their methodological and evidence quality of the included SRs and MAs. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search for SRs and MAs in four Chinese and four international databases from their inception until August 2021. Two researchers independently searched the reviews, extracted the data, and cross-checked the data. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included SRs and MAs. The Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the quality of evidence for the outcomes of the included SRs and MAs. Results A total of 14 SRs and MAs were included. The evaluation results of the AMSTAR 2 tool showed that the methodological quality of all the 14 SRs and MAs was critically low. The principal causes are the lack of a pre-registration proposal and a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions, the report on the sources of funding, and the reasons for the study designs for inclusion. The results of the GRADE evaluation showed 25 of 46 outcomes were very low-level evidence. Seventeen were of low level, four were of moderate level and none were of high level. Most outcomes were downgraded in quality of evidence mainly because of publication bias and imprecision. Conclusion The existing evidence suggests that acupuncture seems to be an effective and safe therapy for KOA. However, the deficiencies in the methodological quality and quality of evidence of the included SRs/MAs have limited the reliability of the conclusions. Therefore, further rigorous and comprehensive studies are warranted to verify the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianci Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Puyu Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichuan Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu W, Fan Y, Wu Y, Hou X, Xue B, Li P, Zhang S, Yue Q. Efficacy of Acupuncture-Related Therapy in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2209-2228. [PMID: 34321920 PMCID: PMC8302815 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s315956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is prevalent in middle-aged and elderly people. This condition negatively affects the quality of life of patients. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to relieve symptoms associated with KOA, it is associated with many side effects. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies have been applied in the treatment of KOA. However, the efficacy of various acupuncture and moxibustion treatments has not been compared. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of KOA were searched in English databases and Chinese databases. Data were retrieved from establishment of the database to September 2020. Data analysis was performed using Stata14.0 and GeMTC 0.14.3 softwares. RESULTS A total of 40 RCTs involving 3215 patients with KOA were retrieved. Network meta-analysis revealed that the fire needle was superior to western medicine, electro-acupuncture, conventional acupuncture, warm needle and sham acupuncture; warm needle was better than conventional acupuncture and western medicine whereas electro-acupuncture was better than conventional acupuncture in improving pain scores in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Moreover, we found that fire needle and warm needle more effectively improved WOMAC stiffness scores than western medicine and sham moxibustion, whereas electro-acupuncture was superior to western medicine and sham moxibustion in improving WOMAC stiffness scores. Further analysis revealed that fire needle, warm needle and electro-acupuncture were more effective in improving WOMAC joint function scores than conventional acupuncture and western medicine. The fire needle was superior to conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture, whereas electro-acupuncture was better than western medicine, conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture in improving visual analogue scale scores. CONCLUSION This study shows that fire needle is superior to warm needle and electro-acupuncture, whereas warm needle and electro-acupuncture are better than conventional acupuncture, western medicine, sham moxibustion and sham acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xue
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yue
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
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Fang J, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen L, Cheng K, Deng H, Lin L, Zhao L, Shen X. Comparison of 10.6 μm Laser Moxibustion with Traditional Moxibustion in Knee Osteoarthritic Therapy: A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:492-498. [PMID: 34264766 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the noninferiority of 10.6 μm laser moxibustion (LM) to traditional moxibustion (TM) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Ninety-two patients were recruited and randomly placed into one of two groups: 10.6 μm LM or TM in a 1:1 ratio. Each patient received 12 sessions of LM or TM, focusing on the ST-35 and Ashi acupoint. The sessions took place over 4 weeks, three times a week, and were followed up over 8 weeks. The endpoint outcomes were separated into two categories, primary and secondary. The primary endpoint was assessed at the end of the 4-week treatment, using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score. The secondary endpoint was evaluated at the end of the trial and consisted of the WOMAC function and stiffness score, visual analog pain [visual analog scale (VAS)] score, and 15-m walking time test. In addition, safety evaluation was performed throughout the trial. Results: Among the 92 randomized participants, 86 (93.48%) completed the trial; 43 in each group. The WOMAC pain score improved dramatically between the LM and TM groups, with a mean difference of 20.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.28 to 43.50]. Given that the lower boundary of 95% CI was greater than -18.49, noninferiority was established. In addition, both LM and TM significantly decreased the WOMAC (pain, function and stiffness) score, VAS score (p < 0.05), and the 15-m walking time at the end of the trial. Interestingly, there were not significant differences between LM and TM (p > 0.05), suggesting that both are equally effective in treating KOA. Finally, among the 92 patients, 17 (18.48%) adverse effects were documented, namely 5 (10.87%) in the LM-treated group and 11 (26.09%) in the TM-treated group. Conclusions: 10.6 μm LM is not inferior to TM in treating KOA. Moreover, both LM and TM dramatically alleviated knee pain and enhanced function of knees. Clinical Trial Registration number: ISRCTN registry trial identifier: 14604492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zouqin Huang
- Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Pudong New District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lusheng Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Acupuncture-Meridian Systematic Physiology Laboratory, Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Deng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Acupuncture-Meridian Systematic Physiology Laboratory, Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyong Shen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Acupuncture-Meridian Systematic Physiology Laboratory, Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
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