1
|
Fan TWM, Winnike J, Al-Attar A, Belshoff AC, Lorkiewicz PK, Tan JL, Wu M, Higashi RM, Lane AN. Differential Inhibition of Anaplerotic Pyruvate Carboxylation and Glutaminolysis-Fueled Anabolism Underlies Distinct Toxicity of Selenium Agents in Human Lung Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:774. [PMID: 37512481 PMCID: PMC10383978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Past chemopreventive human trials on dietary selenium supplements produced controversial outcomes. They largely employed selenomethionine (SeM)-based diets. SeM was less toxic than selenite or methylseleninic acid (MSeA) to lung cancer cells. We thus investigated the toxic action of these Se agents in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and ex vivo organotypic cultures (OTC) of NSCLC patient lung tissues. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) using 13C6-glucose and 13C5,15N2-glutamine tracers with gene knockdowns were employed to examine metabolic dysregulations associated with cell type- and treatment-dependent phenotypic changes. Inhibition of key anaplerotic processes, pyruvate carboxylation (PyC) and glutaminolysis were elicited by exposure to MSeA and selenite but not by SeM. They were accompanied by distinct anabolic dysregulation and reflected cell type-dependent changes in proliferation/death/cell cycle arrest. NSCLC OTC showed similar responses of PyC and/or glutaminolysis to the three agents, which correlated with tissue damages. Altogether, we found differential perturbations in anaplerosis-fueled anabolic pathways to underlie the distinct anti-cancer actions of the three Se agents, which could also explain the failure of SeM-based chemoprevention trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W.-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Jason Winnike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Alexander C. Belshoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Pawel K. Lorkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.W.); (A.C.B.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Jin Lian Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Min Wu
- Seahorse Bioscience, Billerica, MA 01862, USA
| | - Richard M. Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.A.-A.); (R.M.H.); (A.N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu L, Leng D, Cun D, Foged C, Yang M. Advances in combination therapy of lung cancer: Rationales, delivery technologies and dosage regimens. J Control Release 2017; 260:78-91. [PMID: 28527735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease caused by a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. The progression of lung cancer involves dynamic changes in the genome and a complex network of interactions between cancer cells with multiple, distinct cell types that form tumors. Combination therapy using different pharmaceuticals has been proven highly effective due to the ability to affect multiple cellular pathways involved in the disease progression. However, the currently used drug combination designs are primarily based on empirical clinical studies, and little attention has been given to dosage regimens, i.e. how administration routes, onsets, and durations of the combinations influence the therapeutic outcome. This is partly because combination therapy is challenged by distinct physicochemical properties and in vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the individual pharmaceuticals, including small molecule drugs and biopharmaceuticals, which make the optimization of dosing and administration schedule challenging. This article reviews the recent advances in the design and development of combinations of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of lung cancer. Focus is primarily on rationales for the selection of specific combination therapies for lung cancer treatment, and state of the art of delivery technologies and dosage regimens for the combinations, tested in preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Donglei Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Hauke R, Krishn SR, Paknikar S, Seshacharyulu P, Karmakar S, Nimmakayala RK, Kaushik G, Johansson SL, Carey GB, Ponnusamy MP, Kaur S, Batra SK, Ganti AK. MUC5AC interactions with integrin β4 enhances the migration of lung cancer cells through FAK signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4112-21. [PMID: 26751774 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MUC5AC is a secretory mucin aberrantly expressed in various cancers. In lung cancer, MUC5AC is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions; however, its functional role is not well understood. The present study was aimed at evaluating mechanistic role of MUC5AC on metastasis of lung cancer cells. Clinically, the overexpression of MUC5AC was observed in lung cancer patient tissues and was associated with poor survival. In addition, the overexpression of Muc5ac was also observed in genetically engineered mouse lung adenocarcinoma tissues (Kras(G12D); Trp53(R172H/+); AdCre) in comparison with normal lung tissues. Our functional studies showed that MUC5AC knockdown resulted in significantly decreased migration in two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1437) as compared with scramble cells. Expression of integrins (α5, β1, β3, β4 and β5) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. As both integrins and MUC5AC have a von Willebrand factor domain, we assessed for possible interaction of MUC5AC and integrins in lung cancer cells. MUC5AC strongly interacted only with integrin β4. The co-localization of MUC5AC and integrin β4 was observed both in A549 lung cancer cells as well as genetically engineered mouse adenocarcinoma tissues. Activated integrins recruit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that mediates metastatic downstream signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of FAK (Y397) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. MUC5AC/integrin β4/FAK-mediated lung cancer cell migration was confirmed through experiments utilizing a phosphorylation (Y397)-specific FAK inhibitor. In conclusion, overexpression of MUC5AC is a poor prognostic marker in lung cancer. MUC5AC interacts with integrin β4 that mediates phosphorylation of FAK at Y397 leading to lung cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Hauke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S R Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Paknikar
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R K Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S L Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G B Carey
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sechler M, Cizmic AD, Avasarala S, Van Scoyk M, Brzezinski C, Kelley N, Bikkavilli RK, Winn RA. Non-small-cell lung cancer: molecular targeted therapy and personalized medicine - drug resistance, mechanisms, and strategies. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2013; 6:25-36. [PMID: 23690695 PMCID: PMC3656464 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies for cancer bring the hope of specific treatment, providing high efficacy and in some cases lower toxicity than conventional treatment. Although targeted therapeutics have helped immensely in the treatment of several cancers, like chronic myelogenous leukemia, colon cancer, and breast cancer, the benefit of these agents in the treatment of lung cancer remains limited, in part due to the development of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of drug resistance and the current strategies used to treat lung cancer. A better understanding of these drug-resistance mechanisms could potentially benefit from the development of a more robust personalized medicine approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Sechler
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA ; Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shash E, Peccatori FA, Azim HA. Optimizing the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in advanced non-small-lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Dis 2012; 3:57-64. [PMID: 22263061 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2010.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in US and Europe. Treatment with a platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care, however with modest effect on quality of life and overall survival which seldom reaches 1 year. Recently, several classes of targeted agents have emerged showing promising results. In particular, agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) showed impressive clinical activity both in the first line and salvage settings. However, it is evident that these drugs are not effective in all patients. Putting into consideration the very high cost of these agents, there is an urgent need to provide reliable tools to identify those patients that would derive the maximum benefit from these drugs. Several predictive biomarkers were developed to identify those patients who would derive the maximal benefit of these drugs. In this review we will discuss the recent updates on the role of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of advanced NSCLC and the role of predictive bio-markers in patient selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Shash
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salgia R. Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and angiogenic growth factors in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2011; 117:3889-99. [PMID: 21858799 PMCID: PMC3160199 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature, is a complex and tightly regulated process that promotes metastasis and disease progression in lung cancer and other malignancies. Developmental antiangiogenic agents have shown activity in NSCLC, and bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of patients with advanced disease. However, predictive biomarkers are needed to guide the administration of antiangiogenic agents. It is possible that angiogenic molecules could accurately predict patient response to targeted antiangiogenic therapies, which would allow individualized and perhaps more effective treatment. Angiogenic signaling molecules may also have value as prognostic indicators, which may be useful for the management of NSCLC. Here the author provides an overview of angiogenic molecules currently being investigated as prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC and discusses their potential to guide treatment choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reducing sample sizes in two-stage phase II cancer trials by using continuous tumour shrinkage end-points. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:983-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Azim H, Gentilini O, Locatelli M, Ciriello E, Scarfone G, Peccatori F. Managing pregnant women with cancer: personal considerations and a review of the literature. Ecancermedicalscience 2011; 5:204. [PMID: 22276051 PMCID: PMC3223950 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2011.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing cancer during pregnancy is a very critical clinical situation. It is relatively rare but once encountered, it poses several clinical and sometimes social and ethical conflicts as well. Generalizing treatment decisions is very hard and in our opinion, each case should be discussed in a multidisciplinary manner acknowledging patients’ opinion as well to reach a proper decision. In this review we touch on the available evidence on managing cancer patients diagnosed during the course of pregnancy in an attempt to provide some guidance for clinicians dealing with such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Azim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Belinsky SA, Grimes MJ, Picchi MA, Mitchell HD, Stidley CA, Tesfaigzi Y, Channell MM, Liu Y, Casero RA, Baylin SB, Reed MD, Tellez CS, March TH. Combination therapy with vidaza and entinostat suppresses tumor growth and reprograms the epigenome in an orthotopic lung cancer model. Cancer Res 2011; 71:454-62. [PMID: 21224363 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy for solid tumors could benefit from an in vivo model that defines tumor characteristics of responsiveness and resistance to facilitate patient selection. Here we report that combining the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat with the demethylating agent vidaza profoundly affected growth of K-ras/p53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas engrafted orthotopically in immunocompromised nude rats by targeting and ablating pleomorphic cells that occupied up to 75% of the tumor masses. A similar reduction in tumor burden was seen with epigenetic therapy in K-ras or EGFR mutant tumors growing orthotopically. Increased expression of proapoptotic genes and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was seen. Hundreds of genes were demethylated highlighted by the reexpression of polycomb-regulated genes coding for transcription factor binding proteins and the p16 gene, a key regulator of the cell cycle. Highly significant gene expression changes were seen in key regulatory pathways involved in cell cycle, DNA damage, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling. These findings show the promise for epigenetic therapy in cancer management and provide an orthotopic lung cancer model that can assess therapeutic efficacy and reprogramming of the epigenome in tumors harboring different genetic and epigenetic profiles to guide use of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Claiming more than 150,000 lives each year, lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the USA. First-line treatments in lung cancer include surgical resection and chemotherapy, the latter of which offers only modest survival benefits at the expense of often severe and debilitating side effects. Recent advances in elucidating the molecular biology of lung carcinogenesis have elucidated novel drug targets, and treatments are rapidly evolving into specialized agents that hone in on specific aspects of the disease. Of particular interest is blocking tumor growth by targeting the physiological processes surrounding angiogenesis, pro-tumorigenic growth factor activation, anti-apoptotic cascades and other cancer-promoting signal transduction events. This article looks at several areas of interest to lung cancer therapeutics and considers the current state of affairs surrounding the development of these therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Roshni Ray
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - David Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Biao He
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yannelli JR. Generation and characterization of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines and clones for use in the study of immunotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:269-78. [PMID: 20578832 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro study of cancer has been made easier by the use of stable tumor cell (TC) lines derived from patients to study antigen expression, immunogenicity, and response to both experimental and conventional therapeutic agents. However, the routine generation of these cell lines in some tumor histologies such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is difficult. In many cases, colonies of TCs do not survive, most likely due to a lack of critical growth factors in cell culture medium. Other times, TC colonies are overgrown by fibroblasts, which appear to have less stringent growth requirements. In some cases, cultures are overgrown by bacteria or mold contained in the biopsy arriving from the surgical or pathology suite. This study presents the characteristics of three new NSCLC cell lines and associated autologous clones generated from both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissue. Different culture media and variable techniques were used to generate these stable TC lines. Limiting dilution analysis resulted in numerous clones, some of which displayed heterogeneity in terms of growth, antigen expression, and the ability to release cytokines. The successes and failures associated with generating TC lines are discussed in this article. Both parental cultures and related clones serve as critical reagents for the continued study of the cellular immune response to NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Yannelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azim HA, Peccatori FA, Pavlidis N. Lung cancer in the pregnant woman: To treat or not to treat, that is the question. Lung Cancer 2010; 67:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Kuramitsu Y, Miyamoto H, Tanaka T, Zhang X, Fujimoto M, Ueda K, Tanaka T, Hamano K, Nakamura K. Proteomic differential display analysis identified upregulated astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 in human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines. Proteomics 2009; 9:5078-5089. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Feng W, Zhou H, Yan B. Advances in preclinical small molecules for the treatment of NSCLC. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:731-51. [PMID: 19456275 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902967674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSCLC accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Advances in the knowledge of molecular events governing oncogenesis have led to a number of novel therapeutic agents targeting specific pathways critical for tumor growth. OBJECTIVE To summarize the recent preclinical developments of small molecules for NSCLC therapy. METHODS This review primarily consists of patents and publications between 1997 and 2008. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Small molecules with known targets, such as inhibitors for EGFR, VEGF, RAS-RAF-MAP kinase pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, histone deacetylase, protein phosphatase, topoisomerase, cyclin dependent kinases, heat-shock protein, tubulin, DNA and MET are reviewed. Other novel small molecules with potent efficacy without target information are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhang
- Shandong University, Chemistry, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fichtner I, Rolff J, Soong R, Hoffmann J, Hammer S, Sommer A, Becker M, Merk J. Establishment of patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenografts as models for the identification of predictive biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6456-68. [PMID: 18927285 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It was the aim of our study to establish an extensive panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft models useful for the testing of novel compounds and for the identification of biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Starting from 102 surgical NSCLC specimens, which were obtained from primarily diagnosed patients with early-stage tumors (T(2)/T(3)), 25 transplantable xenografts were established and used for further investigations. RESULTS Early passages of the NSCLC xenografts revealed a high degree of similarity with the original clinical tumor sample with regard to histology, immunohistochemistry, as well as mutation status. The chemotherapeutic responsiveness of the xenografts resembled the clinical situation in NSCLC with tumor shrinkage obtained with paclitaxel (4 of 25), gemcitabine (3 of 25), and carboplatin (3 of 25) and lower effectiveness of etoposide (1 of 25) and vinorelbine (0 of 11). Twelve of 25 NSCLC xenografts were >50% growth inhibited by the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab and 6 of 25 by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. The response to the anti-EGFR therapies did not correlate with mutations in the EGFR or p53, but there was a correlation of K-ras mutations and erlotinib resistance. Protein analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern of expression. After treatment with cetuximab, we observed a down-regulation of EGFR in 2 of 6 sensitive xenograft models investigated but never in resistant models. CONCLUSION An extensive panel of patient-derived NSCLC xenografts has been established. It provides appropriate models for testing marketed as well as novel drug candidates. Additional expression studies allow the identification of stratification biomarkers for targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iduna Fichtner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Z, Yan B, Van Waes C. The Role of the NF-kappaB Transcriptome and Proteome as Biomarkers in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Biomark Med 2008; 2:409-426. [PMID: 19444329 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a family of signal activated transcription factors comprised of hetero- or homo-dimers from 5 different subunits, NF-kappaB1, NF-kappaB2, RELA, cREL and RELB. NF-kappaBs normally are transiently activated in response to infection or injury, but in cancers are aberrantly activated, regulating a transcriptome of hundreds of genes and corresponding proteome that promote pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, an important role of NF-kappaB in regulation of the altered transcriptome and proteome has been established, providing a catalog of activating and target genes and proteins that may be useful as biomarkers of alterations in this pathway for this and other cancers. An emerging appreciation that NF-kappaB and other signal pathways form an altered regulatory network highlights the need to use biomarkers and combine targeted agents for personalized therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, national Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA Tel: +1 301-402-4216
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saif MW, Longo WL, Israel G. Correlation Between Rash and a Positive Drug Response Associated with Bevacizumab in a Patient with Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2008; 7:144-148. [DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2008.n.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
19
|
Zundelevich A, Elad-Sfadia G, Haklai R, Kloog Y. Suppression of lung cancer tumor growth in a nude mouse model by the Ras inhibitor salirasib (farnesylthiosalicylic acid). Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1765-73. [PMID: 17541036 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Ras pathway functions contribute to the malignant phenotype of lung cancers. Inhibitors of Ras might therefore be considered as potential drugs for lung cancer therapy. Here, we show that the Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (salirasib) inhibits proliferation of human lung cancer cells harboring a mutated K-ras gene (A549, H23, or HTB54) or overexpressing a growth factor receptor (H1299 or HTB58) and enhances the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Salirasib inhibited active K-Ras in A549 cells, reversed their transformed morphology, and inhibited their anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Tumor growth in A549 and HTB58 cell nude mouse models was inhibited by i.p. administration of salirasib. P.o. formulated salirasib also inhibited A549 cell tumor growth. Our results suggest that p.o. salirasib may be considered as a potential treatment for lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Zundelevich
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Belinsky SA, Grimes MJ, Casas E, Stidley CA, Franklin WA, Bocklage TJ, Johnson DH, Schiller JH. Predicting gene promoter methylation in non-small-cell lung cancer by evaluating sputum and serum. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1278-83. [PMID: 17406356 PMCID: PMC2360148 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 5-methylcytosine demethylating agents in conjunction with inhibitors of histone deacetylation may offer a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Monitoring the efficacy of gene demethylating treatment directly within the tumour may be difficult due to tumour location. This study determined the positive and negative predictive values of sputum and serum for detecting gene methylation in primary lung cancer. A panel of eight genes was evaluated by comparing methylation detected in the primary tumour biopsy to serum and sputum obtained from 72 patients with Stage III lung cancer. The prevalence for methylation of the eight genes in sputum (21–43%) approximated to that seen in tumours, but was 0.7–4.3-fold greater than detected in serum. Sputum was superior to serum in classifying the methylation status of genes in the tumour biopsy. The positive predictive value of the top four genes (p16, DAPK, PAX5 β, and GATA5) was 44–72% with a negative predictive value for these genes ⩾70%. The highest specificity was seen for the p16 gene, and this was associated with a odds ratio of six for methylation in the tumour when this gene was methylated in sputum. In contrast, for serum, the individual sensitivity for all genes was 6–27%. Evaluating the combined effect of methylation of at least one of the four most significant genes in sputum increased the positive predictive value to 86%. These studies demonstrate that sputum can be used effectively as a surrogate for tumour tissue to predict the methylation status of advanced lung cancer where biopsy is not feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|