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Guerrero JLS, Brito PHS, Ferreira MA, Arantes JDA, Rusch E, Oliveira BVDS, Velasco-Bolaños J, Carregaro AB, Dória RGS. Evaluation of Gastric pH and Gastrin Concentrations in Horses Subjected to General Inhalation Anesthesia in Dorsal Recumbency. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1183. [PMID: 38672331 PMCID: PMC11047614 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency. Twenty-two mixed-breed mares weighing 400 ± 50 kg and aged 8 ± 2 years were used. Of these, eight were fasted for 8 h and submitted to 90 min of general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. Gastric juice samples were collected prior to anesthesia (T0), and then at 15 min intervals during anesthesia (T15-T90). After recovery from anesthesia (45 ± 1 min), samples were collected every hour for 24 h (T1 to T24) for gastric juice pH measurement. During this period, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water and were fed a commercial concentrate twice (T4 and T16). In a second group (control), four non-anesthetized mares were submitted to 8 h of fasting followed by nasogastric intubation. Gastric juice samples were then collected at T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, and T90. During this period, mares did not receive food or water. After 45 min, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, and gastric juice samples were collected every hour for four hours (T1 to T4). In a third group comprising ten non-fasted, non-anesthetized mares with free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, gastric juice samples were collected 30 min after concentrate intake (T0). In anesthetized mares, blood gastrin levels were measured prior to anesthesia (8 h fasting; baseline), during recovery from anesthesia, and 4 months after the anesthetic procedure, 90 min after the morning meal. Mean values of gastric juice pH remained acidic during general anesthesia. Mean pH values were within the physiological range (4.52 ± 1.69) and did not differ significantly between time points (T15-T90; p > 0.05). After recovery from anesthesia, mean gastric pH values increased and remained in the alkaline range throughout the 24 h period of evaluation. Significant differences were observed between T0 (4.88 ± 2.38), T5 (7.08 ± 0.89), T8 (7.43 ± 0.22), T9 (7.28 ± 0.36), T11 (7.26 ± 0.71), T13 (6.74 ± 0.90), and T17 (6.94 ± 1.04) (p < 0.05). The mean gastric juice pH ranged from weakly acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline in all groups, regardless of food and water intake (i.e., in the fasted, non-fasted, and fed states). Mean gastric pH measured in the control group did not differ from values measured during the 24 h post-anesthesia period or in the non-fasted group. Gastrin concentrations increased significantly during the post-anesthetic period compared to baseline (20.15 ± 7.65 pg/mL and 15.15 ± 3.82 pg/mL respectively; p < 0.05). General inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency did not affect gastric juice pH, which remained acidic and within the physiological range. Gastric juice pH was weakly alkaline after recovery from anesthesia and in the fasted and fed states. Serum gastrin levels increased in response to general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency and were not influenced by fasting. Preventive pharmacological measures are not required in horses submitted to general anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Leonardo Suarez Guerrero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Salles Brito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Marília Alves Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Julia de Assis Arantes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Elidiane Rusch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Brenda Valéria dos Santos Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Juan Velasco-Bolaños
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (Group GIsCA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Colombia;
- Research Group Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinária (CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia
| | - Adriano Bonfim Carregaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
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2
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López-Martínez MJ, Lamy E, Cerón JJ, Ayala I, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Henriksen IMH, Muñoz-Prieto A, Hansen S. Changes in the saliva proteome analysed by gel-proteomics in horses diagnosed with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) at diagnosis and after successful treatment. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105112. [PMID: 38176208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is currently one of the more frequent diseases in horses. We aimed to identify changes in the salivary proteome in horses with EGUS at diagnosis and after successful treatment by using gel proteomics. Saliva samples were collected from nine horses with EGUS before and after treatment and nine matched healthy controls. SDS-PAGE (1DE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were performed, and significantly different protein bands and spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Horses with EGUS had increases in proteins such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), triosephosphate isomerase, keratins and immuno-globulin heavy constant mu and decreases in carbonic anhydrase (CA), albumin and prolactin-induced protein. These changes would indicate various physiopathological mechanisms involved in this disease, such as the activation of the immune system, decreased stomach defence mechanisms and inflammation. The treated horses presented lower expression levels of thioredoxin (TRX) after a successful treatment, in proteomics analysis and also measured with a commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, horses with EGUS have protein changes in their saliva when measured with gel proteomics compared with healthy horses, and they also showed changes after successful treatment. These proteins could be potential biomarkers for detection and monitoring treatment response in EGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ayala
- Department of Animal Medicine & Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ida-Marie Holm Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sanni Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Cerón JJ, Ayala de la Peña I, Martín-Cuervo M, Eckersall PD, Holm Henriksen IM, Tecles F, Hansen S. Changes in Calprotectin (S100A8-A9) and Aldolase in the Saliva of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081367. [PMID: 37106929 PMCID: PMC10135270 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent disease that affects horses worldwide. Within EGUS, two different forms have been described: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD). The associated clinical signs cause detrimental activity performance, reducing the quality of life of animals. Saliva can contain biomarkers for EGUS that could be potentially used as a complementary tool for diagnosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the measurements of calprotectin (CALP) and aldolase in the saliva of horses as potential biomarkers of EGUS. For this purpose, automated assays for the quantification of these two proteins were analytically validated and applied for detecting EGUS in a total of 131 horses divided into 5 groups: healthy horses, ESGD, EGGD, combined ESGD and EGGD, and horses with other intestinal pathologies. The assays showed good precision and accuracy in analytical validation, and they were able to discriminate between horses with EGUS and healthy horses, especially in the case of CALP, although they did not show significant differences between horses with EGUS and horses with other diseases. In conclusion, salivary CALP and aldolase can be determined in the saliva of horses and further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential of these analytes as biomarkers in EGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ayala de la Peña
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martín-Cuervo
- Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cáceres, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad S-N, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ida-Marie Holm Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Sektion Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Høje-Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sanni Hansen
- Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cáceres, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad S-N, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
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Eaton S. Neonatal sepsis – Pathology and clinical signs. EQUINE VET EDUC 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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5
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Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses. Vet J 2022; 283-284:105830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hostetter JM, Uzal FA. Gastrointestinal biopsy in the horse: overview of collection, interpretation, and applications. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:376-388. [PMID: 35354416 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221085584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies is a multistep process that includes reviewing an appropriate history, determining sample quality, and evaluating histologic sections. Selected diagnostic parameters that, in combination with intestinal histopathology, can be useful to localize disease to the intestinal tract in the horse include hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, ultrasound evidence of increased thickness of the small intestinal wall, and alterations in glucose or D-xylose absorption tests. Biopsies may be acquired either endoscopically, or via laparoscopy or standing flank incisional approaches. GI sections should be evaluated using a systematic approach that includes both architectural changes and inflammatory cell infiltrates. Although strategies have been developed for assessment of GI biopsies from the dog and cat, a standardized approach to interpretation of the equine GI biopsy has yet to be developed. GI biopsies pose several challenges to the pathologist, especially for endoscopic biopsies in which the quality of the specimen and its orientation may vary greatly. Architectural changes are arguably the most critical changes to evaluate. In a horse with chronic GI inflammation, such as occurs in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the cell types encountered frequently are macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Increased numbers of these cell types are categorized loosely as mild, moderate, and severe. Specific forms of idiopathic IBD have been further classified by this infiltrate as granulomatous enteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and lymphoplasmacytic enteritis; there is limited information on microscopic changes with each. Unfortunately, microscopic GI lesions are usually nonspecific, and determination of etiology requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Hostetter
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
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Júnior ÂMCDA, da Silva AH, Bastos FL, Seidner JT, Filho LAJDM, Faleiros RR, Gobesso AADO. Influence of weaning management on gastritis incidence in foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 113:103917. [PMID: 35218905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence of gastritis in foals subjected to different weaning management methods. Sixteen crossbreed foals [230±35 kg], were enrolled in an experiment with a randomized block design. After weaning, foals were housed in either individual pens or a group pen. Gastritis in the foals was evaluated through gastroscopy. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the non-parametric Friedman test at 0.05 significance level. Before weaning, gastritis was observed in 87.5% of the foals, and the scores for the number of gastric lesions were 2.10 and 1.56 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. After weaning, the scores for the number of gastric lesions were 1.75 and 1.25 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. For the intensity of gastric lesions, the average scores observed before weaning were 3.31 and 1.37 for foals housed in groups and individual pens, respectively. After weaning, the scores for the intensity of gastric lesions were 1.93 and 1.00 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. The intensity of the gastric lesions decreased when comparing foals prior to weaning and after weaning, regardless of the management system (P<0.05). The number of lesions was not significantly different but tended to decrease after weaning. Differences in plasma cortisol concentrations were observed between samples collected on the weaning date and after weaning (P<0.05). No differences were detected in plasma gastrin concentration. In conclusion, gastritis in foals can be observed before weaning, which contributes to a decreased gastric lesion incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filipe Lima Bastos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Júlia Troitino Seidner
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Rezazadeh F, Pourebrahimi N, Ghotaslou R, Nasab MG, Memar MY. Frequency of endoscopic findings of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) in rural horses and its association with Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:61-69. [PMID: 39171212 PMCID: PMC11334966 DOI: 10.17221/154/2020-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a multifactorial disorder and one of the most common diseases in horses. The objective of this research was to detect one of the potential risk factors of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), the Helicobacter pylori specific gene, and tracing the presence of the duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) as a possible virulence marker. Gastric fluid together with faecal samples were collected from twenty rural horses from around Tabriz, Iran. Throughout the endoscopic examinations, the type, numbers, severity, and the location of the lesions were documented. Nine of twenty horses exhibited macroscopic lesions in the squamous mucosa that were later classified into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. Only three of these horses exhibited H. pylori in their gastric fluid samples, whereas all faecal samples were H. pylori-negative. All the H. pylori-positive cases manifested severe forms of ESGD (grades 3-4). The age and sex were both unrelated to the lesion severity and ESGD status in this study. Research is required to further discuss the virulence aspects of dupA regarding ESGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereydoon Rezazadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Research Centre of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Research Centre of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Witt P, Kroon L, Ankringa N, Delany M, Bruggen LWL, Boom R, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan MM, Siegers EW. Squamous gastric ulceration complicated by gastric stenosis in a foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Witt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - L. Kroon
- Paardenpraktijk de Kroon Moerdijk The Netherlands
| | - N. Ankringa
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Delany
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - L. W. L. Bruggen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - R. Boom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - E. W. Siegers
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Alberti E, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Effects of a nutraceutical supplement in the management of mild equine squamous gastric disease in endurance horses. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e942. [PMID: 34562281 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) may require prolonged treatments with acid suppressants; therefore, interest in nutraceutical supplements with anti-ulcerogenic properties has increased. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Trophogast pellet for the treatment of ESGD in endurance horses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen endurance horses were included based on their gastroscopic examination and randomly assigned to a treatment group, receiving Trophogast pellet for 30 days together with management changes, or to a control group, only subjected to management modifications. At the end of treatment, gastroscopy was repeated. Scores were assigned according to the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council scoring system. All horses were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the study. ESGD grades and weight before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS At enrolment, median ESGD score in the treatment group was 2, while in the control group it was 1. After the treatment period, a significant decrease in ESGD grade was observed in the treatment group (median 1, p = 0.0078), while there was no change in the control group (median 2). No significant weight change was observed in either group. CONCLUSION Trophogast pellet was effective at promoting healing of mild ESGD in endurance horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Lo Feudo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Stucchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Conturba
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elena Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Enrica Zucca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Swain O'Fallon EA. Emergency Management of Equid Foals in the Field. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:407-420. [PMID: 34243879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Foal emergencies can be intimidating to manage in the field, yet many conditions will respond well to the supportive care possible on the farm. Triage of the foal targets focused supportive care to stabilize the foal before referral to a hospital or to facilitate the management in the field. There are many diagnostic and therapeutic options available in the field setting to support a successful outcome on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsbeth A Swain O'Fallon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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12
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Hesta M, Costa M. How Can Nutrition Help with Gastrointestinal Tract-Based Issues? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:63-87. [PMID: 33820610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many horses are fed differently than their wild ancestors. They often have limited access to pasture and are fed conserved forage and concentrates rich in starch and sugars, in only 2 meals per day. Feeding practices in contrast to natural feeding behavior can lead to gastrointestinal issues. Standard nutritional evaluation is warranted because of its important role in prevention and in treatment and management of diseases. When medical and nutritional treatments are combined, success rates are higher. New techniques to characterize equine microbiota have been used, allowing for microbiota manipulation to prevent and treat intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Hesta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B9820, Belgium.
| | - Marcio Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Moore-Colyer M, Tuthill P, Bannister I, Daniels S. Growth Rates of Thoroughbred Foals and In Vitro Gut Health Parameters When Fed a Cereal or an All-Fiber Creep Feed. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 93:103191. [PMID: 32972676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditions and the economic advantage when producing big athletic Thoroughbred (TB) yearlings for sale encourage owners to feed high levels of cereals. Such diets can predispose gastric ulceration and developmental orthopedic diseases, impacting negatively on future careers. This study aimed to (1) determine if an all-fiber creep feed (total mixed fiber ration [TMFR] would sustain equal growth rates in TB foals versus a cereal-based stud cube (SC) and (2) compare pH and lactate produced by SC and TMFR in in vitro foregut and hindgut conditions. Eight TB foals in matched-pairs were fed SC or TMFR for 18 weeks. Weight gain (average daily gain [ADG]), height at wither and hip, heart girth, and body length were recorded weekly. Similar growth rates were recorded for all measurements. The ADG of TMFR and SC were 1 and 1.1 kg per head per day, respectively. In vitro foregut incubation of SC and TMFR at 37°C in pepsin HCl solution for 6 hours produced higher pH 5.84 (TMFR) compared with 5.33 (SC) (P < .05). Gas production measured fermentation rate, acidity, and lactate from TMFR and SC, incubated with fecal inoculum from the foals on the same diet. Fermentation rates and lag times were equal for both feeds; total gas produced at t50 and y50 were greater (P < .05) for SC. Lactate and pH levels were lower and higher, respectively, for the TMFR. This study showed that similar growth in TB foals was achieved on the TMFR feed and that potentially better gut health, denoted by higher pH and lower lactate levels, could be maintained by fiber compared with cereal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriel Moore-Colyer
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Gloucestershire, UK.
| | - Philippa Tuthill
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Isobel Bannister
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Simon Daniels
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Gloucestershire, UK
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Spanton JA, Smith L, Mair TS. A clinical audit of the prevalence of colic in the 48 hours after gastroscopy in 436 horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Spanton
- House and Jackson Veterinary Clinic Blackmore, Essex UK
| | - L. Smith
- House and Jackson Veterinary Clinic Blackmore, Essex UK
| | - T. S. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent UK
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