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Franz S, Hofer L, Dadak AM. The role of endoscopy in bovine internal medicine - A review of current indication fields. Vet J 2024; 304:106093. [PMID: 38432456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopy in bovine internal medicine has come a long way from the first profound research papers in the 1980s to its present-day use. This paper reviews the progress in the 2000s and identifies the main application fields for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Inclusion criteria for scientific papers and reports encompassed focus on endoscopic examination techniques in cattle in the field of internal medicine and publication in a peer reviewed journal (case report/review/original research paper/short communication). Only papers written in English or German language were considered. Studies on laparoscopy, theloscopy, and bronchoscopy show that endoscopic approaches often enable more rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment options for single diseased animals as well as on a herd level. Oesophagoscopy, rumenoscopy, cystoscopy and thoracoscopy have also been increasingly studied and proven to be safe and effective tools with some limitations in diagnosing and/or treating various diseases in cattle. Scientific approaches explored the epidural space in cattle and comparison of different endoscope systems lead to recommendations for sinuscopy. Yet, this narrative literature review clearly shows that unlike in human medicine, where endoscopy as a minimally invasive technique is used for countless routine procedures every day, there is still some catching up to do in bovine medicine even though the potential of endoscopy in this field has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franz
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - L Hofer
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - A M Dadak
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Okada S, Sueun K, Ichikado R, Kuroda K, Inoue Y, Nakama Y, Satoh H, Sato R. Surgical Treatment of a Retropharyngeal Abscess in a Japanese Black Cow. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080446. [PMID: 36006361 PMCID: PMC9414886 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Causes of inappetence and dysphagia in cow include swallowing foreign bodies, such as a magnet or a sharp object, or trauma to the posterior pharyngeal area during oral administration. The cow in this case had formed a large abscess in her pharynx that obstructed the entrance to her trachea, although the cause was unknown. By using ultrasound equipment to check the thin walls of the abscess and the distribution of blood vessels, a hole was drilled in the appropriate area, which allowed the internal pus to drain and heal. Ultrasound diagnostic equipment is useful in diagnosing abscesses deep inside the body. Abstract A 17-month-old Japanese Black cow presented with inappetence, wheezing, dysphagia, and drooling. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed an oval, dorsal, pharyngeal mass, with an internal horizontal line demarcating the radiolucent area from the radio-opaque area. Upper airway endoscopy revealed pus-like deposits in the dorsal nasal passage, hyperemia, and edema in the dorsal pharynx, leading to swelling and airway obstruction. Manual palpation, after sedation, revealed a thickened mass surface, which was difficult to rupture with manual pressure. After inserting a linear sonographic probe through the mouth to establish the vascularity surrounding the mass and to identify a relatively thin-walled area, a trocar was pierced into the mass under endoscopic guidance, and the opening was enlarged manually. The mass was filled with stale pus-like material, which was removed manually. The abscess cavity was washed using saline and povidone–iodine. Day 1 post-surgery, dysphagia and wheezing disappeared. Day 16 post-surgery, endoscopy showed significant improvement in the airway patency. One year postoperatively, the owner reported that the cow had an uneventful recovery. For deep abscesses, such as bovine pharyngeal abscesses, it is important to perform a preoperative transoral Doppler ultrasonography to assess the vascularity and thickness of the abscess wall for safe trocar insertion and abscess drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Okada
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kim Sueun
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ichikado
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroda
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakama
- Nishimoro Western Branch, Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 1321-1 Hosono, Kobayashi, Miyazaki 886-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satoh
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7280
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Stanitznig A, Velde K, Wittek T, Franz S. Sinonasal cysts causing dyspnoea in two cattle - case report. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:553-561. [PMID: 30580534 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two cattle were referred to the University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. The main clinical sign in both cattle was dyspnoea with nasal stridor. Clinical examination of the upper respiratory tract was conducted, supplemented by ultrasonography, endoscopy and radiography. In addition, histological, bacteriological, and cytological examinations of different specimen materials were performed. The cow of Case 1 suffered from cystic nasal conchae, which was treated successfully by a laser technique. The cow of Case 2 also suffered from cystic nasal conchae. No surgery was performed in this case because the cyst opened spontaneously the day after diagnostic endoscopic procedures had been performed and the animal did not show any respiratory signs anymore. Pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, such as nasal obstructions, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses in cattle showing respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stanitznig
- 1 University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinälatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Velde
- 2 University Clinic for Horses, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- 1 University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinälatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Franz
- 1 University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinälatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Nichols S. Respiratory Surgery. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:593-615. [PMID: 27614772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a review of the most frequent disorders affecting the upper airway of cattle that are suitable for surgery. Information regarding the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and the chemical restraint of cattle in respiratory distress are highlighted. Surgeries that can be performed in a field setting are thoroughly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Nichols
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Nuss K, Malbon AJ, Braun U, Ringer S, Muggli E, Kircher P, Willmitzer F. Osteomyelitis of the hyoid bones in two calves. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:52. [PMID: 26394989 PMCID: PMC4579579 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two calves were referred because of ptyalism and difficulty opening the mouth (Calf 1) and for elective umbilical hernia surgery under inhalation anaesthesia (Calf 2). Additional clinical signs were increased breath sounds and swelling in the region of the mandibular angle in Calf 1. Ultrasonography and endoscopy revealed oral inflammation and abscessation in the area of the base of the tongue in both calves. Infection of the hyoid apparatus was suspected based on ultrasonographic findings and confirmed by means of computed tomography. In Calf 1, there was no response to treatment with systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local lavage, and Calf 2 was not treated. Both calves were euthanized because of a poor prognosis and the diagnoses confirmed during postmortem examination. In Calf 1, the abscess was associated with complete destruction of the left epihyoid bone and partial destruction of the left stylohyoid and ceratohyoid bones. In Calf 2, the abscess was located at the distal end of the right stylohyoid bone near the epihyoid bone. Stomatitis or laryngeal and pharyngeal abscessation caused by sharp feed particles are common in cattle and infection of the hyoid apparatus should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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