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Narayanan A, Söder B, Meurman J, Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Neogi U, Yucel-Lindberg T. Composition of subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy-a cross-sectional study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172340. [PMID: 37426027 PMCID: PMC10325785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the world's most prevalent infectious conditions, affecting between 25 and 40% of the adult population. It is a consequence of the complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and their products, which trigger the host inflammatory response, chronic inflammation, and tissue destruction. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is involved in numerous diseases, and it is also known that long-lasting inflammation and chronic infections predispose one to cancer. Here, we characterized and compared the subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy in a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. The study was conducted on 50 patients with periodontitis and 40 periodontally healthy individuals. The recorded clinical oral health parameters were periodontal attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PI). Subgingival plaque was collected from each participant, from which DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed. Cancer diagnoses data were collected between the years 2008-2018 from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The participants were categorized based on having cancer at the time of sample collection (CSC), having developed cancer later (DCL), and controls without any cancer. The most abundant phyla across all 90 samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. At the genus level, Treponema, Fretibacterium, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in samples of periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis individuals. With regard to samples of cancer patients, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were more abundant in the CSC group; Prevotella were more abundant in the DCL group; and Rothia, Neisseria, and Capnocytophaga were more abundant in the control group. In the CSC group, we also found that the presence of periodontal inflammation, in terms of BOP, GI, and PLI, significantly correlated with species belonging to the genera Prevotella, Treponema, and Mycoplasma. Our results revealed that several subgingival genera were differentially enriched among the studied groups. These findings underscore the need for further research to fully understand the role that oral pathogens may play in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Söder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Onyedibe KI, Elmanfi S, Aryal UK, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK, Sintim HO. Global proteomics of fibroblast cells treated with bacterial cyclic dinucleotides, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:2003617. [PMID: 34992733 PMCID: PMC8725719 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constant exposure of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to oral pathogens trigger selective immune responses. Recently, the activation of immune response to cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) via STING has come to the forefront. Reports show that other proteins outside the STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis respond to CDNs but a global view of impacted proteome in diverse cells is lacking. HGFs are constantly exposed to bacterial-derived cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). AIM To understand the response of HGFs to bacterial-derived CDNs, we carried out a global proteomics analysis of HGFs treated with c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP. METHODS The expression levels of several proteins modulated by CDNs were examined. RESULTS Interferon signaling proteins such as Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (ISG15), Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 (MX1), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1 (IFIT1), and (IFIT3) were significantly upregulated. Interestingly, other pathways not fully characterized to be regulated by CDNs, such as necroptosis signaling, iron homeostasis signaling, protein ubiquitination, EIF2 signaling, sumoylation and nucleotide excision repair pathways were also modulated by the bacterial-derived CDNs. CONCLUSION This study has added to the increasing appreciation that beyond the regulation of cytokine production via STING, cyclic dinucleotides also broadly affect many critical processes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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Lagosz-Cwik KB, Wielento A, Lipska W, Kantorowicz M, Darczuk D, Kaczmarzyk T, Gibbs S, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. hTERT-immortalized gingival fibroblasts respond to cytokines but fail to mimic primary cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10770. [PMID: 34031466 PMCID: PMC8144196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis, gingival fibroblasts (GFs) interact with and respond to oral pathogens, significantly contributing to perpetuation of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the recently released hTERT-immortalized GF (TIGF) cell line for studies of host–pathogen interactions. We show that TIGFs are unable to upregulate expression and production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 upon infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis despite being susceptible to adhesion and invasion by this oral pathogen. In contrast, induction of inflammatory mediators in TNFα- or IL-1β-stimulated TIGFs is comparable to that observed in primary GFs. The inability of TIGFs to respond directly to P. gingivalis is caused by a specific defect in Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression, which is likely driven by TLR2 promoter hypermethylation. Consistently, TIGFs fail to upregulate inflammatory genes in response to the TLR2 agonists Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4. These results identify important limitations of using TIGFs to study GF interaction with oral pathogens, though these cells may be useful for studies of TLR2-independent processes. Our observations also emphasize the importance of direct comparisons between immortalized and primary cells prior to using cell lines as models in studies of any biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Lagosz-Cwik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wielento
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Lipska
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Darczuk
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Transcriptome analysis of Botrytis cinerea in response to tea tree oil and its two characteristic components. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2163-2178. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lüttgenau J, Lingemann B, Wellnitz O, Hankele A, Schmicke M, Ulbrich S, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H. Repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide alter gene expression and lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6639-6653. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Lüttgenau J, Wellnitz O, Kradolfer D, Kalaitzakis E, Ulbrich S, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H. Intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion alters gene expression but does not induce lysis of the bovine corpus luteum. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4018-4031. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Song B, Zhang YL, Chen LJ, Zhou T, Huang WK, Zhou X, Shao LQ. The role of Toll-like receptors in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2016; 23:168-180. [PMID: 26923115 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common infectious disease. Recent studies have indicated that the progression of periodontitis may be regulated by interactions between host immunity and periodontopathic bacteria. Although periodontopathic bacteria can destroy periodontal tissue, a dysfunctional host immune response triggered by the bacteria can lead to more severe and persistent destruction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes pathogens, have been implicated in host innate immune responses to periodontopathic bacteria and in the activation of adaptive immunity. TLR-targeted drugs may hold promise to treat periodontal disease. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of TLRs in periodontitis and discusses areas needing further research. We believe TLRs may be an effective biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontitis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - W K Huang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - X Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - L Q Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lüttgenau J, Herzog K, Strüve K, Latter S, Boos A, Bruckmaier RM, Bollwein H, Kowalewski MP. LPS-mediated effects and spatio-temporal expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine corpus luteum. Reproduction 2016; 151:391-9. [PMID: 26762400 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
When given intravenously (iv), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transiently suppresses the structure and function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). This is associated with increased release of prostaglandin (PG) F2α metabolite. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of this process remain, however, obscure. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) to investigate the expression of the LPS receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and 2 (TLR2) in the bovine CL during early, mid- and late luteal phases; and ii) to further dissect the mechanisms of LPS-mediated suppression of luteal function. As revealed by semi-quantitative qPCR and immunohistochemistry, both receptors were detectable throughout the luteal lifespan. Their mRNA levels increased from the early toward the mid-luteal phase; no further changes were observed thereafter. The TLR4 protein seemed more highly represented than TLR2. The cellular localization of TLRs was in blood vessels; weaker signals were observed in luteal cells. Additionally, cows were treated either with LPS (iv, 0.5 μg/kg BW) or with saline on Day 10 after ovulation. Samples were collected 1200 h after treatment and on Day 10 of the respective subsequent (untreated) cycle. The mRNA expression of several possible regulatory factors was investigated, revealing the suppression of PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), STAR protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, compared with controls and subsequent cycles. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4, interleukin 1α (IL1A) and 1β (IL1B) and of PGF2α and PGE2 synthases (HSD20A and mPTGES respectively) was increased. The results demonstrate the presence of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine CL, and implicate their possible involvement in the deleterious effects of LPS on its function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Herzog
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Strüve
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Latter
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Boos
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - M P Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse FacultyClinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for CattleUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyVetsuisse FacultyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse FacultyVeterinary Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lappin M, Brown V, Zaric S, Lundy F, Coulter W, Irwin C. Interferon-γ stimulates CD14, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in gingival fibroblasts increasing responsiveness to bacterial challenge. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Lüttgenau J, Möller B, Kradolfer D, Wellnitz O, Bruckmaier RM, Miyamoto A, Ulbrich SE, Bollwein H. Lipopolysaccharide enhances apoptosis of corpus luteum in isolated perfused bovine ovaries in vitro. Reproduction 2016; 151:17-28. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria, has detrimental effects on the structure and function of bovine corpus luteum (CL)in vivo. The objective was to investigate whether these effects were mediated directly by LPS orviaLPS-induced release of PGF2α. Bovine ovaries with a mid-cycle CL were collected immediately after slaughter and isolated perfused for 240 min. After 60 min of equilibration, LPS (0.5 μg/ml) was added to the medium of five ovaries, whereas an additional six ovaries were not treated with LPS (control). After 210 min of perfusion, all ovaries were treated with 500 iu of hCG. In the effluent perfusate, concentrations of progesterone (P4) and PGF2αwere measured every 10 and 30 min, respectively. Punch biopsies of the CL were collected every 60 min and used for RT-qPCR to evaluate mRNA expression of receptors for LPS (TLR2,-4) and LH (LHCGR); the cytokineTNFA; steroidogenic (STAR,HSD3B), angiogenic (VEGFA121,FGF2), and vasoactive (EDN1) factors; and factors of prostaglandin synthesis (PGES,PGFS,PTGFR) and apoptosis (CASP3,-8,-9). Treatment with LPS abolished the hCG-induced increase in P4(P≤0.05); however, there was a tendency (P=0.10) for increased release of PGF2αat 70 min after LPS challenge. Furthermore, mRNA abundance ofTLR2,TNFA,CASP3,CASP8,PGES,PGFS, andVEGFA121increased (P≤0.05) after LPS treatment, whereas all other factors remained unchanged (P>0.05). In conclusion, reduced P4responsiveness to hCG in LPS-treated ovariesin vitrowas not due to reduced steroidogenesis, but was attributed to enhanced apoptosis. However, an impact of luteal PGF2αcould not be excluded.
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Reference genes for valid gene expression studies on rat dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue by means of RT-qPCR with a focus on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. Ann Anat 2015; 204:93-105. [PMID: 26689124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain valid results in relative gene/mRNA-expression analyses by RT-qPCR, a careful selection of stable reference genes is required for normalization. Currently there is little information on reference gene stability in dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissues of the rat, especially regarding orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. We therefore aimed to identify the best selection and number of reference genes under these experimental as well as physiological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 7 male Fischer344-rats the upper left first and second molars were moved orthodontically for 2 weeks and in 7 more animals additionally subjected to an experimental periodontitis, whereas 7 animals were left untreated. Tissue samples of defined size containing both molars (without crowns) as well as the adjacent periodontal and alveolar bone tissue were retrieved and RNA extracted for RT-qPCR analyses. Nine candidate reference genes were evaluated and ranked according to their expression stability by 4 different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, comparative ΔCq). RESULTS PPIB/YWHAZ were the most stabile reference genes for the combined dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue of the rat overall, in untreated animals and rats with additional periodontitis, whereas PPIB/B2M performed best in orthodontically treated rats with YWHAZ ranking third. Gene-stability ranking differed considerably between investigated groups. A combination of two reference genes was found to be sufficient for normalization in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The substantial differences in expression stability emphasize the need for valid reference genes, when aiming for meaningful results in relative gene expression analyses. Our results should enable researchers to optimize gene expression analysis in future studies by choosing the most suitable reference genes for normalization.
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Belibasakis G, Bao K, Bostanci N. Transcriptional profiling of human gingival fibroblasts in response to multi-speciesin vitrosubgingival biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:174-83. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - K. Bao
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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13
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The induction expression of human β-defensins in gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1415-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wara-aswapati N, Chayasadom A, Surarit R, Pitiphat W, Boch JA, Nagasawa T, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Induction of Toll-Like Receptor Expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1010-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Davanian H, Stranneheim H, Båge T, Lagervall M, Jansson L, Lundeberg J, Yucel-Lindberg T. Gene expression profiles in paired gingival biopsies from periodontitis-affected and healthy tissues revealed by massively parallel sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46440. [PMID: 23029519 PMCID: PMC3460903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft tissue and bone that surrounds the teeth. Despite extensive research, distinctive genes responsible for the disease have not been identified. The objective of this study was to elucidate transcriptome changes in periodontitis, by investigating gene expression profiles in gingival tissue obtained from periodontitis-affected and healthy gingiva from the same patient, using RNA-sequencing. Gingival biopsies were obtained from a disease-affected and a healthy site from each of 10 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis. Enrichment analysis performed among uniquely expressed genes for the periodontitis-affected and healthy tissues revealed several regulated pathways indicative of inflammation for the periodontitis-affected condition. Hierarchical clustering of the sequenced biopsies demonstrated clustering according to the degree of inflammation, as observed histologically in the biopsies, rather than clustering at the individual level. Among the top 50 upregulated genes in periodontitis-affected tissues, we investigated two genes which have not previously been demonstrated to be involved in periodontitis. These included interferon regulatory factor 4 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18, which were also expressed at the protein level in gingival biopsies from patients with periodontitis. In conclusion, this study provides a first step towards a quantitative comprehensive insight into the transcriptome changes in periodontitis. We demonstrate for the first time site-specific local variation in gene expression profiles of periodontitis-affected and healthy tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis, using RNA-seq. Further, we have identified novel genes expressed in periodontitis tissues, which may constitute potential therapeutic targets for future treatment strategies of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Davanian
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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