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Mo S, Jin B, Tseng Y, Lin L, Lin L, Shen X, Song H, Kong M, Luo Z, Chu Y, Jiang C, Cao Z, Liu J, Luo F. A precise molecular subtyping of ulcerative colitis reveals the immune heterogeneity and predicts clinical drug responses. J Transl Med 2023; 21:466. [PMID: 37443022 PMCID: PMC10347743 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We sought to identify novel molecular subtypes of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on large-scale cohorts and establish a clinically applicable subtyping system for the precision treatment of the disease. METHODS Eight microarray profiles containing colon samples from 357 patients were utilized. Expression heterogeneity was screened out and stable subtypes were identified among UC patients. Immune infiltration pattern and biological agent response were compared among subtypes to assess the value in guiding treatment. The relationship between PRLR and TNFSF13B genes with the highest predictive value was further validated by functional experiments. RESULTS Three stable molecular subtypes were successfully identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis defined three subtypes as innate immune activated UC (IIA), whole immune activated UC (WIA), and immune homeostasis like UC (IHL). Notably, the response rate towards biological agents (infliximab/vedolizumab) in WIA patients was the lowest (less than 10%), while the response rate in IHL patients was the highest, ranging from 42 to 60%. Among the featured genes of subtypes, the ratio of PRLR to TNFSF13B could effectively screen for IHL UC subtype suitable for biological agent therapies (Area under curve: 0.961-0.986). Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRLR expressed in epithelial cells could inhibit the expression of TNFSF13B in monocyte-derived macrophages through the CXCL1-NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS We identified three stable UC subtypes with a heterogeneous immune pattern and different response rates towards biological agents for the first time. We also established a precise molecular subtyping system and classifier to predict clinical drug response and provide individualized treatment strategies for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocong Mo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bryan Jin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingxi Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lishuang Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingjia Kong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhongguang Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Biotherapy Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Ramos-Martínez E, Ramos-Martínez I, Valencia J, Ramos-Martínez JC, Hernández-Zimbrón L, Rico-Luna A, Pérez-Campos E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Cerbón M. Modulatory role of prolactin in type 1 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 44:79-88. [PMID: 35852366 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have been reported to have elevated prolactin levels and a possible relationship between prolactin levels and the development of the disease has been proposed. However, some studies show that prolactin mediates beneficial functions in beta cells. Therefore, we review information on the roles of prolactin in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Content
Here we summarize the functions of prolactin in the immune system and in pancreatic beta cells, in addition, we describe studies related to PRL levels, its regulation and alterations of secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Summary
Studies in murine models have shown that prolactin protects beta cells from apoptosis, stimulates their proliferation and promotes pancreatic islet revascularization. In addition, some studies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have shown that elevated prolactin levels correlate with better disease control.
Outlook
Prolactin treatment appears to be a promising strategy to improve beta-cell vascularization and proliferation in transplantation and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Jorge Valencia
- Endocrine Research Unit , UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez
- Cardiology Department , Hospital General Regional Lic Ignacio Garcia Tellez IMSS , Mérida , Yucatán , México
| | - Luis Hernández-Zimbrón
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Licenciatura en Optometría, Unidad León , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Anaiza Rico-Luna
- Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | | | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO. Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca , Oaxaca , México
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
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3
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Yang J, Liu Y, Lin C, Yan R, Li Z, Chen Q, Zhang H, Xu H, Chen X, Chen Y, Guo A, Hu C. Regularity of Toll-Like Receptors in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Mycoplasma bovis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846700. [PMID: 35464378 PMCID: PMC9021453 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most common and significant infectious diseases in dairy cattle and is responsible for significant financial losses for the dairy industry globally. An important pathogen of bovine mastitis, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) has a high infection rate, requires a long course of treatment, and is difficult to cure. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are the first line of defense of the mammary gland, and their natural immune system plays a critical role in resisting M. bovis infection. This study aimed to explore and demonstrate the regularity of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation during M. bovis infection and their function during M. bovis mastitis. An in vitro model of M. bovis-induced mastitis showed that the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased significantly following infection. M. bovis infection also upregulated the expression of TLR1/2/6 on the cell membrane and TLR3/9 in the cytoplasm. There is a crosstalk effect between TLR1–TLR2 and TLR2–TLR6. Furthermore, M. bovis infection was found to activate the TLR1/2/6/9/MyD88/NF-κB and TLR3/TRIF/IRF signal transduction pathways, which in turn activate inflammatory factors. These findings lay the theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of M. bovis, permitting the development of effective measures for preventing and controlling M. bovis mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjie Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changmin Hu
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The Effects of RBP4 and Vitamin D on the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3046777. [PMID: 35082965 PMCID: PMC8786468 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3046777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the main causes of the development of diabetic atherosclerotic process. The aim of our study was to assess the role of RBP4 in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and the inhibitory effect of vitamin D on the mechanisms. In an in vivo experiment, rats were randomly classified into 6 groups: the control group, diabetic rats, diabetic atherosclerotic rats (diabetic rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4), diabetic atherosclerotic rats treated with 0.075 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D, 0.15 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D and 0.3 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D. We found that the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cylinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in diabetic atherosclerotic rats, and these increases were improved after vitamin D supplementation. Furthermore, to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, cells were cultured with glucose in the presence of RBP4 and the absence of RBP4, respectively, and vitamin D of different concentrations and different intervention times was simultaneously adopted. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was enhanced and the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in the cells transfected with RBP4 overexpression plasmid. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation was detected to lower the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 and inhibit the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs caused by the RBP4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RBP4 can promote the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and contributes to the development of diabetic macroangiopathy via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This mechanism of RBP4 can be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation.
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5
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Bojorge MA, Cicconi NS, Cebrón JR, Fang Y, Lamb CA, Bartke A, Miquet JG, González L. Morphological and molecular effects of overexpressed GH on mice mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111465. [PMID: 34597725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth Hormone (GH) plays crucial roles in mammary gland development and growth, and its upregulation has been associated with breast cancer promotion and/or progression. To ascertain how high GH levels could promote mammary tissue oncogenic transformation, morphological characteristics and the expression of receptors involved in mammary growth, development and cancer, and of mitogenic mediators were analyzed in the mammary gland of virgin adult transgenic mice that overexpress GH. Whole mounting and histologic analysis evidenced that transgenic mice exhibit increased epithelial ductal elongation and enlarged ducts along with deficient branching and reduced number of alveolar structures compared to wild type mice. The number of differentiated alveolar structures was diminished in transgenic mice while the amount of terminal end buds (TEBs) did not differ between both groups of mice. GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and GH receptor mRNA levels were augmented in GH-overexpressing mice breast tissue, as well as IGF1 receptor protein content. However, GH receptor protein levels were decreased in transgenic mice. Fundamental receptors for breast growth and development like progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor were also increased in mammary tissue from transgenic animals. In turn, the levels of the proliferation marker Ki67, cFOS and Cyclin D1 were increased in GH-overexpressing mice, while cJUN expression was decreased and cMYC did not vary. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to high GH levels induces morphological and molecular alterations in the mammary gland that affects its normal development. While these effects would not be tumorigenic per se, they might predispose to oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Bojorge
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Cicconi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta R Cebrón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, 2490 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Geriatrics Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Pereira-Suárez AL, Galván-Ramírez MDLL, Rodríguez-Pérez LR, López-Pulido EI, Hernández-Silva CD, Ramírez-López IG, Morales Amaya GV, Lopez Cabrera LD, Muñoz-Valle JF, Ramírez-de-Arellano A. 17β-estradiol modulates the expression of hormonal receptors on THP-1 T. gondii-infected macrophages and monocytes in an AKT and ERK-dependent manner. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111433. [PMID: 34822916 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite common in pregnancy. Monocytes and macrophages are a significant immunologic barrier against T. gondii by boosting up inflammation. This outcome is highly regulated by signaling pathways such as MAPK (ERK1/2) and PI3K (AKT), necessary in cell growth and proliferation. It may be associated with the hormonal receptors' modulation by T. gondii (Estrogen Receptor (ER)-α, ERβ, G Protein-coupled ER (GPER), and Prolactin Receptor (PRLR)), as previously reported by our research group. 17β-estradiol also activates MAPK and PI3K; however, its combined effect in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, infected with T. gondii, has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of 17β-estradiol in the activation of signaling pathways using a model of THP-1 monocytes and macrophages infected with T. gondii. THP-1 monocytes were cultured and differentiated into macrophages. Inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 was performed with specific inhibitors. Stimuli were performed with 17β-estradiol (10 nM), T. gondii (20,000 tachyzoites), and both conditions for 48 h. Proteins were extracted and quantified, and Western Blot assays were performed. 17β-estradiol performed activation of ERK1/2 and AKT in T. gondii-infected macrophages. 17β-estradiol modulated the expression of hormonal receptors in infected cells: increases the PRLR and PrgR in T. gondii-infected macrophages and decreases the PRLR and ERα in T. gondii-infected monocytes. As for GPER, its expression is abolished by T. gondii, and 17β-estradiol cannot restore it. Finally, the blockage of ERK and AKT pathways modified the expression of hormonal receptors. In conclusion, 17β-estradiol modifies the receptors of T. gondii-infected THP1 macrophages and monocytes in an ERK/AKT dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Laura Rocío Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Edgar I López-Pulido
- Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Christian David Hernández-Silva
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Inocencia Guadalupe Ramírez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Grecia Viridiana Morales Amaya
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Luis David Lopez Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México
| | - Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44 340, México.
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LPS-induced SOCS3 antagonizes the JAK2-STAT5 pathway and inhibits β-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Life Sci 2021; 278:119547. [PMID: 33930363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are essential for lactation in the dairy cow mammary gland, and are often used as a cellular model to study changes in inflammatory responses and lactation functions with exogenous stimuli. Prolactin (PRL) promotes milk protein synthesis by continuously activating the Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (JAK2-STAT5) pathway. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activates inflammatory responses in cells and inhibits casein synthesis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of the JAK-STATs signaling pathway, and regulates a variety of inflammatory responses by inhibiting STAT3. Previous studies also suggested that SOCS3 plays a role in the development and involution of bovine mammary glands. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LPS activated SOCS3, and whether SOCS3 resisted the regulation of casein synthesis by PRL in a JAK2-STAT5-dependent manner. We treated in vitro BMECs with 125 ng/mL PRL, 10 μg/mL LPS, SOCS3 siRNA (silencing), a SOCS3-GFP adenovirus overexpression vector, or combinations, to determine β-casein expression. We demonstrated that PRL up-regulated phospho-JAK2, phsopho-STAT5 and β-casein expression, whereas LPS caused the opposite effects, and activated SOCS3. SOCS3 overexpression interrupted the JAK2-STAT5 pathway in BMECs. With SOCS3 was silenced, LPS could not activate the JAK2-STAT5 pathway, and no inhibition of β-casein expression was observed. In conclusion, we showed that LPS activated SOCS3 in BMECs, antagonized the JAK2-STAT5 pathway via SOCS3 regulation, and ultimately reduced β-casein expression in these cells.
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Ramos-Martinez E, Ramos-Martínez I, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda-Ruiz WA, Cerbon M. The role of prolactin in central nervous system inflammation. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:323-340. [PMID: 33661585 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin has been shown to favor both the activation and suppression of the microglia and astrocytes, as well as the release of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Prolactin has also been associated with neuronal damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and in experimental models of these diseases. However, studies show that prolactin has neuroprotective effects in conditions of neuronal damage and inflammation and may be used as neuroprotector factor. In this review, we first discuss general information about prolactin, then we summarize recent findings of prolactin function in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes and factors involved in the possible dual role of prolactin are described. Finally, we review the function of prolactin specifically in the central nervous system and how it promotes a neuroprotective effect, or that of neuronal damage, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and during excitotoxicity. The overall studies indicated that prolactin may be a promising molecule for the treatment of some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martinez
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca68120, Mexico
- Instituto de Cómputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca68000, Mexico
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010Créteil, France
| | - Gladys Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Wendy A Zepeda-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
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Tian RH, Bai Y, Li JY, Guo KM. Reducing PRLR expression and JAK2 activity results in an increase in BDNF expression and inhibits the apoptosis of CA3 hippocampal neurons in a chronic mild stress model of depression. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Galván-Ramírez MDLL, Ramírez De Arellano A, Rodríguez-Pérez LR, Lopez-Pulido EI, Muñoz-Valle JF, Pereira-Suárez AL. Hormonal modulation of Toxoplasma gondii infection: Regulation of hormonal receptors and cytokine production in THP-1 cells. Exp Parasitol 2019; 204:107721. [PMID: 31288023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan able to infect humans and it is common in pregnant women. During pregnancy and lactation, there are changes in the concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (Prg), and prolactin (PRL). It is known that a proinflamatory response reduces the susceptibility to be infected, and this response may change according to hormonal impairment. Monocytes and macrophages are the main barrier against many intracellular microorganisms, due to their ability to produce cytokines. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of E2, progesterone, and PRL on the infective capacity of T. gondii, proinflamatory immune response modulation and the expression of hormonal receptors on THP-1 cell stimulated with T. gondii. METHODS The THP-1 cells were infected with 1500 T. gondii tachyzoites, of RH strain. Stimuli were conducted with recombinant PRL (200 ng/mL), E2 (40 nM) y Prg (40 nM). MTT assays were performed to evaluate cellular viability. Western blot assays were carried out to evaluate the expression of the hormonal receptors (PRLR, ERα, and ERβ). Cytokines produced were measured with a magnetic bead kit directed to 17 cytokines. RESULTS Stimuli with E2 and Prg increased T. gondii infection in monocytes after 48 h; however, no differences in infection were observed in PRL stimulus. The E2 decreased the secretion of IL-12 and IL-1β and PRL did not modify the production of these cytokines in THP-1 cells stimulated with T. gondii; however, both hormones increased the production of IL-10. Besides, PRL augmented the production of IL-4 and IL-13. In contrast, Prg reduced these cytokines. Our results show that T. gondii induces the expression of ERα and ERβ and lowers PRLR. The hormones modify the expression of the receptors of other hormones: Prg decreases PRLR, ERβ and increases ERα; E2 diminishes PRLR; and PRL decreases ERα and ERβ expression. CONCLUSION The hormones can increase T. gondii infection and could be mediating an anti-inflammatory response in THP-1 cells. T. gondii induces changes in the expression of hormonal receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ramírez De Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Laura Rocío Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Edgar I Lopez-Pulido
- Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico; Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México.
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Villaseñor T, Madrid-Paulino E, Maldonado-Bravo R, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Mycobacterium bovis BCG promotes IL-10 expression by establishing a SYK/PKCα/β positive autoregulatory loop that sustains STAT3 activation. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5512589. [PMID: 31175361 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ensures its survival inside macrophages and long-term infection by subverting the innate and adaptive immune response through the modulation of cytokine gene expression profiles. Different Mycobacterium species promote the expression of TGFβ and IL-10, which, at the early stages of infection, block the formation of the phagolysosome, thereby securing mycobacterial survival upon phagocytosis, and at later stages, antagonize IFNγ production and functions. Despite the key role of IL-10 in mycobacterium infection, the signal transduction pathways leading to IL-10 expression in infected macrophages are poorly understood. Here, we report that Mycobacterium bovis BCG promotes IL-10 expression and cytokine production by establishing a SYK/PKCα/β positive feedback loop that leads to STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Villaseñor
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Edgardo Madrid-Paulino
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Rafael Maldonado-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
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12
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Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in Mycobacterium bovis challenged bovine macrophages. Microb Pathog 2018; 115:343-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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The crucial roles of Th17-related cytokines/signal pathways in M. tuberculosis infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:216-225. [PMID: 29176747 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-21, IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17 (Th17)-related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their development. Here, we review Th17-related cytokines/Th17-like cells, networks/signals and their roles in immune responses or immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Published studies suggest that Th17-related cytokine pathways may be manipulated by Mtb microorganisms for their survival benefits in primary tuberculosis (TB). In addition, there is evidence that immune responses of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway and Th17-like T-cell subsets are dysregulated or destroyed in patients with TB. Furthermore, Mtb infection can impact upstream cytokines in the STAT3 pathway of Th17-like responses. Based on these findings, we discuss the need for future studies and the rationale for targeting Th17-related cytokines/signals as a potential adjunctive treatment.
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14
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Selective immuno-modulatory effect of prolactin upon pro-inflammatory response in human fetal membranes. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 123:58-64. [PMID: 28938125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, prolactin (PRL) is a neuro-immuno-cytokine that contributes actively to the crosstalk between the immune and endocrine systems and, thus, to the creation of an immune-privileged milieu. This work aims to analyze the capacity of PRL to modulate the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory markers associated with labor. Studies were conducted using human fetal membranes at term mounted in a model of two independent chambers. The choriodecidual region was stimulated with 500-ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the amnion and choriodecidual region were co-simulated with different concentrations of PRL that can arise during pregnancy: 250, 500, 1000, and 4000ng/mL. Following these co-treatments, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured in both compartments. As expected, treatment with LPS induced all cytokines to increase. Co-stimulation with the highest tested concentration of PRL induced significant decreases in TNF-α in the choriodecidual region and IL-1β in both regions of the fetal membranes. PRL did not modified the IL-6 and IL-10 secretion profile. These findings, coupled with clinical evidence, suggest that the high level of PRL in the amniotic cavity is involved the mechanism by which the fetal-placental unit regulates the equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators.
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15
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Dasgupta S, Rai RC. PPAR-γ and Akt regulate GLUT1 and GLUT3 surface localization during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:127-138. [PMID: 28852964 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as a pathogen stems from its ability to manipulate the host macrophage towards increased lipid biogenesis and lipolysis inhibition. Inhibition of lipolysis requires augmented uptake of glucose into the host cell causing an upregulation of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 on the cell surface. Mechanism behind this upregulation of the GLUT proteins during Mtb infection is hitherto unknown and demands intensive investigation in order to understand the pathways linked with governing them. Our endeavor to investigate some of the key proteins that have been found to be affected during Mtb infection led us to investigate host molecular pathways such as Akt and PPAR-γ that remain closely associated with the survival of the bacilli by modulating the localization of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamashree Dasgupta
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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López-Rincón G, Mancilla R, Pereira-Suárez AL, Martínez-Neri PA, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, Muñoz-Valle JF, Estrada-Chávez C. Expression of autocrine prolactin and the short isoform of prolactin receptor are associated with inflammatory response and apoptosis in monocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis proteins. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:517-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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