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Sharma M, Fadl A, Leask A. Orofacial Complications of the Connective Tissue Disease Systemic Sclerosis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:689-696. [PMID: 38779873 PMCID: PMC11191658 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241249408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is an autoimmune fibrosing connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. SSc patients show increased levels of autoantibodies, profibrotic cytokines, and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes that collectively cause activated (myo)fibroblasts, the effector cell type of fibrosis. Despite these impacts, no disease-modifying therapy exists; individual symptoms are treated on a patient-to-patient basis. SSc research has been principally focused on symptoms observed in the lung and skin. However, SSc patients display significant oral complications that arise due to fibrosis of the not only skin, causing microstomia, but also the gastrointestinal tract, causing acid reflux, and the oral cavity itself, causing xerostomia and gingival recession. Due to these complications, SSc patients have impaired quality of life, including periodontitis, tooth loss, reduced tongue mobility, and malnutrition. Indeed, due to their characteristic oral presentation, SSc patients are often initially diagnosed by dentists. Despite their clinical importance, the oral complications of SSc are severely understudied; high-quality publications on this topic are scant. However, SSc patients with periodontal complications possess increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and chemokines, such as interleukin-6 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-4. Although many unsuccessful clinical trials, mainly exploring the antifibrotic effects of anti-inflammatory agents, have been conducted in SSc, none have used oral symptoms, which may be more amenable to anti-inflammatory drugs, as clinical end points. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding oral complications in SSc with the goal of inspiring future research in this extremely important and underinvestigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sharma
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A. Fadl
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A. Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Castro-Alarcón N, Sandoval-Guevara D, Vázquez-Villamar M, Fernández-Acosta K, Méndez-Gómez MY, Parra-Rojas I, Romero-Castro NS. Analysis of subgingival microbiota and IL-1β, TNF-α and CX3CL1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of fixed dental prostheses. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:235-246. [PMID: 38417861 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Prosthetic biomaterials can affect the composition of the subgingival microbiota and consequently the production of proinflammatory cytokines, causing damage to the periodontium. A total of 40 patients were divided into two groups: 20 with monolithic zirconia (MZ) prostheses and 20 with porcelain fused to metal (PFM) with nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy prostheses. Subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken. The Checkerboard technique for DNA-DNA hybridization and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique were performed. Teeth with MZ presented a lower percentage of bleeding on probing and tooth mobility compared to teeth with PFM with Ni-Cr alloy. Prosthodontic teeth harbored higher total levels of the 18 bacterial species than non-prosthodontic teeth. There was a higher prevalence of S. gordonii and V. parvula species in PFM with Ni-Cr alloy compared to MZ. There was an increase in IL-1β, TNF-α and CX3CL1 levels in PFM with Ni-Cr alloy compared to MZ. MZ is a candidate biomaterial with fewer negative effects on the periodontium, allowing for longer prostheses longevity in the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Daniel Sandoval-Guevara
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Villamar
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Karla Fernández-Acosta
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Mayra Yanet Méndez-Gómez
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Obesity and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
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Alarcón‐Sánchez MA, Becerra‐Ruiz JS, Guerrero‐Velázquez C, Mosaddad SA, Heboyan A. The role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis as potential inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1181. [PMID: 38415821 PMCID: PMC10845211 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of the C-X3-C motif ligand 1/chemokine receptor 1 C-X3-C motif (CX3CL1/CX3CR1) axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, as a secondary objective, we determine whether the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could be considered complementary to clinical parameters to distinguish between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and/or systemically healthy subjects. METHODS The protocol used for this review was registered in OSF (10.17605/OSF.IO/KU8FJ). This study was designed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Records were identified using different search engines (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) from August 10, 2006, to September 15, 2023. The observational studies on human subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and RA and/or systemically healthy were selected to analyze CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 biomarkers. The methodological validity of the selected articles was assessed using NIH. RESULTS Six articles were included. Biological samples (gingival crevicular fluid [GCF], saliva, gingival tissue biopsies, serum) from 379 subjects (n = 275 exposure group and n = 104 control group) were analyzed. Higher CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokine levels were found in subjects with periodontitis and RA compared with periodontal and systemically healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Very few studies highlight the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; however, increased levels of these chemokines are observed in different biological samples (GCF, gingival tissue, saliva, and serum) from subjects with periodontitis and RA compared with their healthy controls. Future studies should focus on long-term follow-up of subjects and monitoring changes in cytokine levels before and after periodontal therapy to deduce an appropriate interval in health and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Alarcón‐Sánchez
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Chemical‐Biological SciencesAutonomous University of GuerreroGuerreroMexico
| | - Julieta S. Becerra‐Ruiz
- Institute of Research of Bioscience, University Center of Los AltosUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
| | - Celia Guerrero‐Velázquez
- Research Center in Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases, Southern University CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
| | - Seyed A. Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Student Research Committee, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of StomatologyYerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar HeratsiYerevanArmenia
- Department of ProsthodonticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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4
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Gupta S, Mohindra R, Ramola M, Kanta P, Singla M, Malhotra M, Mehta N, Goyal A, Singh MP. Convergence of inflammatory response: Salivary cytokine dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2024; 28:113-121. [PMID: 38988958 PMCID: PMC11232810 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_508_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is associated with immune dysregulation, and cytokines released can add on to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated cytokine storm, further worsening the related adverse outcomes. Specific studies investigating cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients with periodontal disease are lacking. Examining the correlation between these conditions could aid in categorizing risk categories, determining referrals, and strengthening oral hygiene protocols. The current study sought to evaluate cytokine levels in the saliva of COVID-19-positive patients with and without periodontal disease. Materials and Methods Twenty-six COVID-19-positive patients were subjected to periodontal examination, saliva collection, and assessment of cytokine levels through cytokine bead-based multiplex assay, using fluorescence-encoded beads with flow cytometry (BD FACS LSRFortessa). Eleven cytokines were assessed (interleukin [IL] 2, 4, 6, 10, 17A, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8/IL 8, CXCL 9/monokine-induced gamma interferon [MIG]), and CXCL 10 (chemokine IFN-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa). The cytokine levels of the recruited subjects were also compared graphically with the salivary cytokine levels reported in the literature for health, COVID-19, and periodontal disease alone. Results Out of 26 COVID-19-positive patients, 17 had periodontal disease. Levels of all cytokines were raised in patients with both diseases when compared to values reported in literature for health, periodontal disease alone, or COVID-19 alone. However, there was no statistical difference among the recruited subjects for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-gamma, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL 8, and CXCL 10. MIG levels were found to be higher in periodontally healthy, COVID-19-positive subjects (P = 0.01). Conclusions Periodontal disease might contribute to the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, potentially amplifying its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritin Mohindra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manisha Ramola
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Kanta
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohita Singla
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashima Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Bemquerer LM, Oliveira SR, de Arruda JAA, Costa FPD, Miguita L, Bemquerer ALM, de Sena ACVP, de Souza AF, Mendes DF, Schneider AH, Azevedo MDCS, Travassos DV, Garlet GP, Cunha FDQ, de Aguiar RS, de Souza RP, Gomez RS, Spahr A, Obregon-Miano F, Abreu LG, Costa FO, Silva TA. Clinical, immunological, and microbiological analysis of the association between periodontitis and COVID-19: a case-control study. Odontology 2024; 112:208-220. [PMID: 37058199 PMCID: PMC10103045 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) share risk factors and activate similar immunopathological pathways, intensifying systemic inflammation. This study investigated the clinical, immunological and microbiological parameters in individuals with COVID-19 and controls, exploring whether periodontitis-driven inflammation contributes to worsening COVID-19 endpoints. METHODS Case (positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2) and control (negative RT-PCR) individuals underwent clinical and periodontal assessments. Salivary levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, OPG, RANKL, neutrophil extracellular traps, and subgingival biofilm were analyzed at two timepoints. Data on COVID-19-related outcomes and comorbidity information were evaluated from medical records. RESULTS Ninety-nine cases of COVID-19 and 182 controls were included for analysis. Periodontitis was associated with more hospitalization (p = 0.009), more days in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.042), admission to the semi-ICU (p = 0.047), and greater need for oxygen therapy (p = 0.042). After adjustment for confounders, periodontitis resulted in a 1.13-fold increase in the chance of hospitalization. Salivary IL-6 levels (p = 0.010) were increased in individuals with COVID-19 and periodontitis. Periodontitis was associated with increased RANKL and IL-1β after COVID-19. No significant changes were observed in the bacterial loads of the periodontopathogens Porphyromona gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tanerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting the relevance of periodontal care to reduce the burden of overall inflammation. Understanding the crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and chronic conditions such as periodontitis that can influence disease outcome is important to potentially prevent complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Marques Bemquerer
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pereira Delgado Costa
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyene Miguita
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Marques Bemquerer
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Velasco Pondé de Sena
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Figueiredo de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fajardo Mendes
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar Do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Vieira Travassos
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana de Aguiar
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renan Pedra de Souza
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Axel Spahr
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabian Obregon-Miano
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Room 3204, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-910, Brazil.
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6
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De Bartolo MI, Vivacqua G, Belvisi D, Mancinelli R, Fabbrini A, Manzo N, Costanzo M, Leodori G, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Morini S, Berardelli A. A Combined Panel of Salivary Biomarkers in de novo Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:446-459. [PMID: 36385395 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate molecular biomarkers of a-synuclein and tau aggregation, autophagy, and inflammation in the saliva of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in comparison to healthy subjects (HS), and to correlate molecular data with clinical features of PD patients, in order to establish whether abnormalities of these parameters are associated with specific clusters of de novo PD patients, and their potential diagnostic power in differentiating PD patients from HS. METHODS We measured total and oligomeric a-synuclein, total-tau and phosphorylated-tau, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta (MAP-LC3beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the saliva of 80 de novo PD patients and 62 HS, using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay analysis. RESULTS Oligomeric a-synuclein, total-tau, MAP-LC3beta, and TNFalpha levels resulted significantly higher in patients with respect to HS, while no significant differences were detected for total a-synuclein or phosphorylated-tau. Phosphorylated-tau directly correlated with MAP-LC3beta, whereas it inversely correlated with TNFalpha in PD patients. An inverse correlation was detected between MAP-LC3beta and non-motor symptoms severity. Principal Component Analysis showed that molecular and clinical parameters were independent of each other in de novo PD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis reported an accurate diagnostic performance of oligomeric a-synuclein and MAP-LC3beta. The diagnostic accuracy of total a-synuclein increased when it was combined with other salivary biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways. INTERPRETATION Our study proposes a novel biomarker panel using saliva, a non-invasive biofluid, in de novo PD patients, with implications in understanding the molecular pathways involved in PD pathogenesis and the relevance of different molecular pathways in determining clinical PD subtypes. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:446-459.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy - Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) - Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Manzo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy - Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) - Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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7
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Tang V, Hamidi B, Janal MN, Barber CA, Godder B, Palomo L, Kamer AR. Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) associates with composites of salivary cytokines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280333. [PMID: 36791096 PMCID: PMC9931150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PerioD) is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition resulting from the interaction between subgingival dysbiotic bacteria and the host immune response leading to local inflammation. Since periodontal inflammation is characterized by multiple cytokines effects we investigated whether Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA), a continuous measure of clinical periodontal inflammation is a predictor of composite indexes of salivary cytokines. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a cross-sectional study of 67 healthy, well-educated individuals, we evaluated PISA and several cytokines expressed in whole stimulated saliva. Two salivary cytokine indexes were constructed using weighted and unweighted approaches based on a Principal Component Analysis [named Cytokine Component Index (CCI)] or averaging the (standardized) level of all cytokines [named Composite Inflammatory Index (CII)]. In regression analysis we found that PISA scores were significantly associated with both salivary cytokine constructs, (CCI: part R = 0.51, p<0.001; CII: part R = 0.40, p = 0.001) independent of age, gender and BMI showing that single scores summarizing salivary cytokines correlated with severity of clinical periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Clinical periodontal inflammation may be reflected by a single score encompassing several salivary cytokines. These results are consistent with the complexity of interactions characterizing periodontal disease. In addition, Type I error is likely to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tang
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bubak Hamidi
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Barber
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Godder
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leena Palomo
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Relvas M, Silvestre R, Gonçalves M, Cabral C, Mendes-Frias A, Monteiro L, Viana da Costa A. Analysis of Salivary Levels of IL-1β, IL17A, OPG and RANK-L in Periodontitis Using the 2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases-An Exploratory Observational Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031003. [PMID: 36769650 PMCID: PMC9918260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a high overall prevalence. It involves a complex interplay between the immune-inflammatory pathways and biofilm changes, leading to periodontal attachment loss. The aims of this study were (i) to assess whether the salivary IL-1β, IL-17A, RANK-L and OPG levels have the potential to discriminate between the mild and severe periodontitis conditions; and (ii) to enable diagnostic/prognostic actions to differentiate between distinct levels of the disease. The analysis of the clinical parameters and the evaluation of the salivary immunomediators levels by means of a multiplex flow assay revealed a statistically significantly higher level of IL-1β in the periodontitis III/IV patients, as well as a higher level of RANK-L in the periodontitis III/IV and I/II patients, when compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the grade C periodontitis patients presented a significantly higher level of RANK-L compared to the grade B and grade A patients. In the grade C patients, IL-1β had a positive correlation with the PPD and CAL indices and RANK_L had a positive correlation with CAL. The evidence emerging from this study associates the salivary IL-1β and RANK-L levels with an advanced stage of periodontitis, stage III/IV, and with grade C, suggesting the possible cooperative action of both in the inflammatory and bone loss events. In addition to IL-1β, RANK-L could be considered a combined diagnostic biomarker for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Relvas
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Gonçalves
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cabral
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes-Frias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís Monteiro
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Viana da Costa
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN–Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), CRL, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
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9
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Parkin GM, Kim S, Mikhail A, Malhas R, McMillan L, Hollearn M, Granger DA, Mapstone M, Yassa MA, Thomas EA. Associations between saliva and plasma cytokines in cognitively normal, older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:117-126. [PMID: 36319939 PMCID: PMC9816252 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses play key roles in the development and progression of many pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Accurate quantification of inflammatory factors in saliva would be highly advantageous, given its convenience and non-invasive nature, especially in elderly populations. METHODS In this study, we measured levels of 10 cytokines, and the pro-inflammatory factor, YKL-40, in plasma and saliva samples from a cohort of nondemented older adults (n = 71; 62% female; 70.3 ± 6.4 years) using sensitive electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassays. RESULTS We found that the mean levels of all cytokines were higher in saliva compared to plasma and that strong sex differences were observed for both saliva and plasma cytokines in this population. Comparing each cytokine between the two biofluids, we found that levels of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in blood were significantly correlated with their respective levels in saliva. We further observed that levels of these cytokines in blood were significantly correlated with additional cytokines in saliva, including IL-1β, IL-10, IL-8, IL12p70 and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that inflammatory markers in saliva are associated with those found in circulation, suggesting shared inflammatory mechanisms between these two fluids. The higher levels of cytokines measured in saliva suggest that it might represent a better peripheral fluid to gauge inflammatory processes. Finally, our findings of robust sex differences in several salivary cytokines could have important implications for their potential use as disease biomarkers in the elderly and might be related to sex differences in the prevalence of age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Parkin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Soyun Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abanoub Mikhail
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rond Malhas
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martina Hollearn
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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10
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Role of immune-related lncRNAs--PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in the regulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human gingival fibroblasts with TNF-α stimulation. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:184-190. [PMID: 36643260 PMCID: PMC9831783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It was reported that lncRNAs have an effect on immune-related diseases, however, their roles in periodontitis remain to be investigated. The aim of this study was to look for immune-related lncRNAs in periodontitis, and to preliminarily explore their function in vitro. Materials and methods CIBERSORT was used to analyze abundance of immune cell in the periodontal tissue. Correlation between the expression profile of lncRNAs and abundance of immune cell was calculated and immune-related lncRNAs were identified. The expressions of immune-related lncRNAs identified were validated by RT-qPCR with 15 periodontitis and 15 healthy gingival tissues. The expressions of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in HGFs were detected under the stimulation of different concentrations of TNF-α (0, 10, 15, 20, 30 ng/mL) and different duration (0, 12, 24 and 48 h). Then, siRNA was used to silence PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in HGFs. The expression level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 of the HGFs after stimulated by 15 ng/mL TNF-α, and the activation of NF-κB pathway was observed. Results PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were identified as top 2 immune-related lncRNAs in periodontal tissues. The expressions of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were significantly up-regulated in inflamed periodontal tissue and in HGFs under TNF-α stimulation. After knock-down of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT, expression level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in HGFs with TNF-α stimulation were decreased, and activation of NF-κB pathway was inhibited. Conclusion PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were firstly identified as immune-related lncRNAs in periodontal tissue, and they regulate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 of HGFs through the NF-κB pathway.
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11
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Aldulaijan HA, Al-Zawawi AS, Shaheen MY, Ali D, Divakar DD, Basudan AM. Assessment of salivary alpha amylase and mucin-4 before and after non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 35834021 PMCID: PMC9283593 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was based on the null hypothesis that there is no difference in clinicoradiographic parameters and whole salivary alpha amylase (AA) and mucin-4 levels before and after non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSMD) of patients with peri-implant mucositis (PM). The aim was to assess whole salivary AA and mucin-4 levels before and after treatment of PM. METHODS Patients with PM (Group-1) and individuals without peri-implant diseases (Group-2) were included. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices (mPI and mBI, respectively), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss were measured at baseline. Levels of AA and mucin-4 were assessed in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All patients underwent full-mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and NSMD; and clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were re-assessed after 3 months. Level of significance was set at P < 0.01. RESULTS Twenty-six and 32 individuals were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. None of the participants had periodontitis. At baseline clinical periodontal parameters (PI [P < 0.001], GI [P < 0.001], clinical AL [P < 0.001] and PD [P < 0.001]) were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2. At 3-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in clinical periodontal and peri-implant parameters (PI [P < 0.01], GI [P < 0.01], and PD [P < 0.01]) in Group-1 compared with their baseline values. At baseline, salivary AA levels were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2 (P < 0.01). At 3-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in whole salivary AA levels among patients in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS The AA and mucin-4 levels are potential biomarkers for evaluation of peri-implant diseases including PM. Mechanical instrumentation continues to be the most predictable treatment option for the management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer A Aldulaijan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer S Al-Zawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Y Shaheen
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, 577204, Karnataka, India.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Amani M Basudan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Dong C, Hu X, Tripathi AS. A brief review of vitamin D as a potential target for the regulation of blood glucose and inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2257-2268. [PMID: 35478388 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis is increased in patients with diabetes, while vitamin D deficiency is associated with both diabetes and periodontitis. Thus, there is a need to identify the molecular effects of vitamin D on the regulation of inflammation and glucose in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched for studies of the molecular effects of vitamin D. Molecular effects were reportedly mediated by salivary secretions, interactions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with receptors of AGEs (RAGEs), cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways linking diabetes with periodontitis. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and numbers of immune cells; it also has antibacterial effects. Vitamin D reduces cytokine levels through regulation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Toll-like receptor 1/2 pathways, along with the suppression of interleukin expression. Glucose homeostasis is altered in diabetes either because of reduced insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. These vitamin D-related alterations of glucoregulatory factors may contribute to hyperglycaemia; hyperglycaemia may also lead to alterations of glucoregulatory factors. This review discusses the pathways involved in glucose regulation and effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose regulation. Further studies are needed to characterise the effects of vitamin D on diabetes-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
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13
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Kawamoto D, Borges R, Ribeiro RA, de Souza RF, Amado PPP, Saraiva L, Horliana ACRT, Faveri M, Mayer MPA. Oral Dysbiosis in Severe Forms of Periodontitis Is Associated With Gut Dysbiosis and Correlated With Salivary Inflammatory Mediators: A Preliminary Study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:722495. [PMID: 35048045 PMCID: PMC8757873 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.722495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a driven force in modulating microbial communities, but little is known about the interplay between colonizing microorganisms and the immune response in periodontitis. Since local and systemic inflammation may play a whole role in disease, we aimed to evaluate the oral and fecal microbiome of patients with periodontitis and to correlate the oral microbiome data with levels of inflammatory mediator in saliva. Methods: Nine patients with periodontitis (P) in Stage 3/Grade B and nine age-matched non-affected controls (H) were evaluated. Microbial communities of oral biofilms (the supra and subgingival from affected and non-affected sites) and feces were determined by sequencing analysis of the 16SrRNA V3-V4 region. Salivary levels of 40 chemokines and cytokines were correlated with oral microbiome data. Results: Supragingival microbial communities of P differed from H (Pielou's evenness index, and Beta diversity, and weighted UniFrac), since relative abundance (RA) of Defluviitaleaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Peptostreococcales-Tissierellales, and Campylobacteraceae was higher in P, whereas Muribaculaceae and Streptococcaceae were more abundant in H. Subgingival non-affected sites of P did not differ from H, except for a lower abundance of Gemellaceae. The microbiome of affected periodontitis sites (PD ≥ 4 mm) clustered apart from the subgingival sites of H. Oral pathobionts was more abundant in sub and supragingival biofilms of P than H. Fecal samples of P were enriched with Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, and Romboutsia when compared to H. The salivary levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inflammatory chemokines were positively correlated with the RA of several recognized and putative pathobionts, whereas the RA of beneficial species, such as Rothia aeria and Haemophilus parainfluenzae was negatively correlated with the levels of Chemokine C-C motif Ligand 2 (CCL2), which is considered protective. Dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis was not restricted to periodontal pockets but was also seen in the supragingival and subgingival non-affected sites and feces. Subgingival dysbiosis revealed microbial signatures characteristic of different immune profiles, suggesting a role for candidate pathogens and beneficial organisms in the inflammatory process of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Bioinformática, Centro Internacional de Pesquisa (CIPE) - A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Alvarenga Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Franciso de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Pontes Penas Amado
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Faveri
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Roy A, Ben Lagha A, Gonçalves R, Grenier D. Effects of Saliva From Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Subjects on Barrier Function and the Inflammatory Response in in vitro Models of the Oral Epithelium. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:815728. [PMID: 35048079 PMCID: PMC8757859 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.815728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial, bacteria-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that results in the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. It is well-known that saliva from subjects suffering from this disease generally contains higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and bacteria-derived toxic products. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of saliva from periodontally healthy and diseased subjects on the barrier function and inflammatory response in in vitro models of the oral epithelium. Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples from two groups of subjects, one with a healthy periodontium (n = 12) and one with severe generalized periodontitis (n = 11), were filter-sterilized. All the saliva samples were analyzed using an immunological multiplex assay to determine the levels of various cytokines and MMPs relevant to periodontitis. The impact of saliva on epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in an oral epithelium model using the B11 keratinocyte cell line. GMSM-K oral epithelial cells were treated with saliva from both groups to determine their ability to induce the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Saliva from the periodontitis subjects contained significantly higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), IL-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) compared to saliva from the healthy subjects. Saliva from the healthy and periodontitis subjects affected cytokine secretion and TER in a similar manner. More specifically, saliva from both groups increased TER and induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in the in vitro oral epithelium models used. Conclusion: Independently of the presence or absence of periodontitis, saliva can increase the relative TER and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in in vitro models of the oral epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roy
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Reginaldo Gonçalves
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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15
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Probiotics During the Therapeutic Management of Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:353-375. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Chen Z, Chen G. Interleukin-16 rs4072111 Polymorphism is Associated with the Risk of Peri-Implantitis in the Chinese Population. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1629-1635. [PMID: 34938097 PMCID: PMC8686223 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s336857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peri-implantitis (PI) is a major contributor to dental implant failure. Genetic predisposition plays an essential role in the development of PI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of IL-16 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs11556218 and rs4072111, with PI at the gene level. Patients and Methods A total of 162 patients with PI and 162 cases with healthy implants were recruited as the case and control groups, respectively. The genotypes were analysed using direct sequencing. The genotype and allele proportion between the case and control groups were compared using the chi-square test. The periodontal status of patients carrying different genotypes was analysed, including gingival index, plaque index, calculus index, peri-implant pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results The case and control groups were age- and gender-matched. In the case group, the rs4072111 CT genotype was majorly observed, and the T allele carriers showed a high PI risk. Patients with the rs4072111 CT genotype had worse periodontal status, which was reflected by the higher levels of the gingival index, plaque index, calculus index, PPD and CAL. The distribution of the rs11556218 genotype and T allele showed no significant difference between the case and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The CT genotype of IL-16 gene rs4072111 SNP can be used as a factor assessing PI risk. Therefore, IL-16 genetic variation may be related to PI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ghitea TC. Correlation of Periodontal Bacteria with Chronic Inflammation Present in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111709. [PMID: 34829940 PMCID: PMC8615403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is correlated with many chronic diseases, and so far is moderately followed and treated. The present study follows a correlation of the presence of pathogens (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides forsythus, and others) in the gingival crevicular fluid and MS. (1) An important role in the fight against MS is to reduce fat mass, inflammatory mediators, and prevent cytokine-associated diseases. (2) A group of 111 people with MS was studied, divided into 3 groups. The control group (CG) received no treatment for either periodontitis or MS. The diet therapy group (DG) followed a clinical diet therapy specific to MS, and the diet therapy and sports group (DSG) in addition to diet therapy introduced regular physical activity; (3) A statistically significant worsening of periodontopathogens was observed correlated with the advancement of MS (increase in fat mass, visceral fat, and ECW/TBW ratio) in the CG group. In the case of DG and DSG groups, an improvement of the parameters was observed, including periodontal diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory diet therapy contributes to the reduction of gingival inflammation and thus contributes to the reduction of the development of pathogenic bacteria in the gingival, responsible for the development of periodontal disease and directly by other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410068 Oradea, Romania
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18
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Buchbender M, Lugenbühl A, Fehlhofer J, Kirschneck C, Ries J, Lutz R, Sticherling M, Kesting MR. Investigation of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Oral Biofilm Samples in Patients with Systemic Scleroderma and the Association with Clinical Periodontal Parameters-A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111145. [PMID: 34833021 PMCID: PMC8618500 DOI: 10.3390/life11111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic scleroderma (SSc) has multiple orofacial effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of inflammatory mediators in biofilm samples. It was hypothesized that different expression levels and clinical associations might be drawn. METHODS A total of 39 biofilm samples from group 1 = SSc and group 2 = healthy control were examined for the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2,-6, and -10; matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9; and surface antigens CD90 and CD34 by quantitative real-time PCR and clinical parameters. Relative quantitative (RQ) gene expression was determined using the ∆∆CT method. RESULTS The mean bleeding on probing values (p = 0.006), clinical attachment loss (CAL) (p = 0.009), gingival recession (p = 0.020), limited mouth opening (p = 0.001) and cervical tooth defects (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in group 1. RQ expressions of IL-2 and CD34 were significantly lower, IL-6, MMP-9, and CD90 were significantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation of IL-6/MMP-9 and negative correlation of mouth opening/CAL and IL-6/CAL. CONCLUSION Different expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, MMP-9, CD34 and CD90 were detected in biofilm samples from patients with SSc compared to control. An immunological correlation to the clinical parameters of mouth opening and CAL was shown; thus, we conclude that SSc might have an impact on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-33614
| | - Amelie Lugenbühl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Jakob Fehlhofer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Michael Sticherling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marco Rainer Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
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Shimabukuro N, Cataruci ACDS, Ishikawa KH, de Oliveira BE, Kawamoto D, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Albuquerque-Souza E, Nicoli JR, Ferreira CM, de Lima J, Bueno MR, da Silva LBR, Silva PHF, Messora MR, Camara NOS, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Bifidobacterium Strains Present Distinct Effects on the Control of Alveolar Bone Loss in a Periodontitis Experimental Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713595. [PMID: 34630089 PMCID: PMC8497694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Probiotics of the genus Bifidobacterium may restore the symbiotic microbiome and modulate the immune response, leading to periodontitis control. We evaluated the effect of two strains of Bifidobacterium able to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis interaction with host cells and biofilm formation, but with distinct immunomodulatory properties, in a mice periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis (P+) was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by a microbial consortium of human oral organisms. B. bifidum 1622A [B+ (1622)] and B. breve 1101A [B+ (1101)] were orally inoculated for 45 days. Alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in gingival tissues were determined. The microbial consortium induced alveolar bone loss in positive control (P + B-), as demonstrated by microtomography analysis, although P. gingivalis was undetected in oral biofilms at the end of the experimental period. TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels, and Treg and Th17 populations in gingiva of SHAM and P + B- groups did not differ. B. bifidum 1622A, but not B. breve 1101A, controlled bone destruction in P+ mice. B. breve 1101A upregulated transcription of Il-1β, Tnf-α, Tlr2, Tlr4, and Nlrp3 in P-B+(1101), which was attenuated by the microbial consortium [P + B+(1101)]. All treatments downregulated transcription of Il-17, although treatment with B. breve 1101A did not yield such low levels of transcripts as seen for the other groups. B. breve 1101A increased Th17 population in gingival tissues [P-B+ (1101) and P + B+ (1101)] compared to SHAM and P + B-. Administration of both bifidobacteria resulted in serum IL-10 decreased levels. Our data indicated that the beneficial effect of Bifidobacterium is not a common trait of this genus, since B. breve 1101A induced an inflammatory profile in gingival tissues and did not prevent alveolar bone loss. However, the properties of B. bifidum 1622A suggest its potential to control periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Shimabukuro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amália C de S Cataruci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna E de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jean de Lima
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela R Bueno
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B R da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina L Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Foratori-Junior GA, Mosquim V, Buzalaf MAR, Sales-Peres SHDC. Salivary cytokines levels, maternal periodontitis and infants' weight at birth: A cohort study in pregnant women with obesity. Placenta 2021; 115:151-157. [PMID: 34628311 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and pregnancy may have synergistic effects on maternal periodontal tissues. In contrast, maternal obesity and periodontitis are antagonistic factors for the babies' weight at birth. This study evaluated, during pregnancy (T1) and after delivery (T2), periodontal parameters and salivary levels of cytokines in women with obesity, and the association of these outcomes with the baby's weight at birth. METHODS After matching by age, socioeconomic status and systemic health, the sample was composed of pregnant women with obesity (GO = 25; BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and normal BMI (GN = 25; BMI between 18.5 and 24.99 kg/m2), who were evaluated regarding: periodontal parameters; salivary levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and leptin (Luminex® assay); and babies' weight at birth. Mann-Whitney, Friedman, ANOVA; chi-square and Cochran's Q tests were applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS GO showed higher prevalence of periodontitis in T1 and T2 (p <0.001), with higher salivary levels of TNF-α (p = 0.003) and IL-1β (p = 0.009) in T1. IL-1β significantly decreased after delivery in GO. No intergroup differences for leptin levels were found, but both groups had a significant reduction of leptin levels between periods (p <0.001). GO had children with lower birth weight (p = 0.022), being classified as low (<2,500 g) or insufficient (2,500-2,999 g) weight. DISCUSSION It is suggestive that the inflammatory pattern caused by obesity and periodontitis, mainly related to high levels of TNF-α, impair the babies' weight at birth, resulting in more frequency of low/insufficient weight at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health. Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Zip Code 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Mosquim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Zip Code 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Zip Code 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health. Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Zip Code 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Meskini M, Rezghi Rami M, Maroofi P, Ghosh S, Siadat SD, Sheikhpour M. An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1284-1298. [PMID: 34420903 PMCID: PMC8336978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Currently, there is no analyzed data to examine the outbreak of COVID-19 by continent and no determination of prevalence trends; this article reviews COVID-19 epidemiology and immunology. Original research, reviews, governmental databases, and treatment guidelines are analyzed to present the epidemiology and immunology of COVID-19. Reports from patients who were COVID-19 infected showed typical symptoms of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and increased systemic inflammatory proteins of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP). These observations agree with the results of severe conditions of MERS or lethal cases of SARS, in which there is an increased presence of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways. Additionally, analyzed data showed that Europe (49.37%), the Americas (27.4%), and Eastern Mediterranean (10.07%) had the most cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases, and Africa (6.9%), Western Pacific (3.46%), and South-East Asia (2.72%) had the lowest cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases. In general, the trend lines showed that the number of confirmed cases (cumulative total) and deaths (cumulative total) would decrease eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Meskini
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Rezghi Rami
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parang Maroofi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Rybtsova N, Berezina T, Kagansky A, Rybtsov S. Can Blood-Circulating Factors Unveil and Delay Your Biological Aging? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E615. [PMID: 33333870 PMCID: PMC7765271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the population of over 60 will double in the next 30 years in the developed countries, which will enforce a further raise of the retirement age and increase the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, there is an acute issue of maintaining health and prolonging active working longevity, as well as implementation of early monitoring and prevention of premature aging and age-related disorders to avoid early disability. Traditional indicators of biological age are not always informative and often require extensive and expensive analysis. The study of blood factors is a simple and easily accessible way to assess individual health and supplement the traditional indicators of a person's biological age with new objective criteria. With age, the processes of growth and development, tissue regeneration and repair decline; they are gradually replaced by enhanced catabolism, inflammatory cell activity, and insulin resistance. The number of senescent cells supporting the inflammatory loop rises; cellular clearance by autophagy and mitophagy slows down, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular damage and dysfunction. Monitoring of circulated blood factors not only reflects these processes, but also allows suggesting medical intervention to prevent or decelerate the development of age-related diseases. We review the age-related blood factors discussed in recent publications, as well as approaches to slowing aging for healthy and active longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybtsova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Tatiana Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
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23
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Humrich JY, Bernardes JP, Ludwig RJ, Klatzmann D, Scheffold A. Phenotyping of Adaptive Immune Responses in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:604464. [PMID: 33324421 PMCID: PMC7723922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunophenotyping on the molecular and cellular level is a central aspect for characterization of patients with inflammatory diseases, both to better understand disease etiopathogenesis and based on this to develop diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers which allow patient stratification and tailor-made treatment strategies. Technology-driven developments have considerably expanded the range of analysis tools. Especially the analysis of adaptive immune responses, often regarded as central though mostly poorly characterized disease drivers, is a major focus of personalized medicine. The identification of the disease-relevant antigens and characterization of corresponding antigen-specific lymphocytes in individual patients benefits significantly from recent developments in cytometry by sequencing and proteomics. The aim of this workshop was to identify the important developments for state-of-the-art immunophenotyping for clinical application and precision medicine. We focused here on recent key developments in analysis of antigen-specific lymphocytes, sequencing, and proteomics approaches, their relevance in precision medicine and the discussion of the major challenges and opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Y. Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein—Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joana P. Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France
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24
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Amado PPP, Kawamoto D, Albuquerque-Souza E, Franco DC, Saraiva L, Casarin RCV, Horliana ACRT, Mayer MPA. Oral and Fecal Microbiome in Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:583761. [PMID: 33117737 PMCID: PMC7578221 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.583761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal microbiomes of GC/MIP and compared to non-affected individuals (Control). Seven Afro-descendants with GC/MIP and seven age/race/gender-matched controls were evaluated. Biofilms from supra/subgingival sites (OB) and feces were collected and submitted to 16S rRNA sequencing. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) JP2 clone genotyping and salivary nitrite levels were determined. Supragingival biofilm of GC/MIP presented greater abundance of opportunistic bacteria. Selenomonas was increased in subgingival healthy sites of GC/MIP compared to Control. Synergistetes and Spirochaetae were more abundant whereas Actinobacteria was reduced in OB of GC/MIP compared to controls. Aa abundance was 50 times higher in periodontal sites with PD≥ 4 mm of GC/MIP than in controls. GC/MIP oral microbiome was characterized by a reduction in commensals such as Kingella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Bergeyella, and Streptococcus and enrichment in periodontopathogens, especially Aa and sulfate reducing Deltaproteobacteria. The oral microbiome of the Aa JP2-like+ patient was phylogenetically distant from other GC/MIP individuals. GC/MIP presented a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria in the feces, such as Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius than controls. These preliminary data show that the dysbiosis of the microbiome in Afro-descendants with GC/MIP was not restricted to affected sites, but was also observed in supragingival and subgingival healthy sites, as well as in the feces. The understanding on differences of the microbiome between healthy and GC/MIP patients will help in developing strategies to improve and monitor periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Pontes Penas Amado
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Castillo Franco
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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