1
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Willemsen L, Lee J, Shinde P, Soldevila F, Aoki M, Orfield S, Kojima M, Ricardo DSA, Sette A, Peters B. Th1 polarization in Bordetella pertussis vaccine responses is maintained through a positive feedback loop. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.606623. [PMID: 39149302 PMCID: PMC11326151 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.606623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of Bordetella pertussis (BP), the causative agent of whooping cough, continue despite broad vaccination coverage and have been increasing since vaccination switched from whole-BP (wP) to acellular BP (aP) vaccines. wP vaccination has been associated with more durable protective immunity and an induced Th1 polarized memory T cell response. Here, a multi-omics approach was applied to profile the immune response of 30 wP and 31 aP-primed individuals and identify correlates of T cell polarization before and after Tdap booster vaccination. We found that transcriptional changes indicating an interferon response on day 1 post-booster along with elevated plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and interferon-induced chemokines that peaked at day 1-3 post-booster correlated best with the Th1 polarization of the vaccine-induced memory T cell response on day 28. Our studies suggest that wP-primed individuals maintain their Th1 polarization through this early memory interferon response. This suggests that stimulating the interferon pathway during vaccination could be an effective strategy to elicit a predominant Th1 response in aP-primed individuals that protects better against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Willemsen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiyeun Lee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pramod Shinde
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minori Aoki
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelby Orfield
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mari Kojima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - da Silva Antunes Ricardo
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2
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Kim AR, Sette A, da Silva Antunes R. Adaptive immune response to bordetella pertussis during vaccination and infection: emerging perspectives and unanswered questions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:705-714. [PMID: 39037200 PMCID: PMC11306532 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2383745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, remains a significant challenge as a vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Since the switch from the whole-cell Pertussis (wP) vaccine to the acellular Pertussis vaccine (aP), cases of whooping cough have increased in countries using the aP vaccine. Understanding the immune system's response to pertussis vaccines and infection is crucial for improving current vaccine efficacy. AREAS COVERED This review of the literature using PubMed records offers an overview of the qualitative differences in antibody and T cell responses to B. pertussis (BP) in vaccination and infection, and their potential association with decreased efficacy of the aP vaccine in preventing infection and subclinical colonization. We further discuss how asymptomatic infections and carriage are widespread among vaccinated human populations, and explore methodologies that can be employed for their detection, to better understand their impact on adaptive immune responses and identify key features necessary for protection against the disease. EXPERT OPINION An underappreciated human BP reservoir, stemming from the decreased capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent subclinical infection, offers an alternative explanation for the increased incidence of clinical disease and recurrent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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3
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da Silva Antunes R, Weiskopf D, Sidney J, Rubiro P, Peters B, Arlehamn CSL, Grifoni A, Sette A. The MegaPool Approach to Characterize Adaptive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e934. [PMID: 37966108 PMCID: PMC10662678 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitopes recognized by T cells are a collection of short peptide fragments derived from specific antigens or proteins. Immunological research to study T cell responses is hindered by the extreme degree of heterogeneity of epitope targets, which are usually derived from multiple antigens; within a given antigen, hundreds of different T cell epitopes can be recognized, differing from one individual to the next because T cell epitope recognition is restricted by the epitopes' ability to bind to MHC molecules, which are extremely polymorphic in different individuals. Testing large pools encompassing hundreds of peptides is technically challenging because of logistical considerations regarding solvent-induced toxicity. To address this issue, we developed the MegaPool (MP) approach based on sequential lyophilization of large numbers of peptides that can be used in a variety of assays to measure T cell responses, including ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, and activation-induced marker assays, and that has been validated in the study of infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmunity. Here, we describe the procedures for generating and testing MPs, starting with peptide synthesis and lyophilization, as well as a step-by-step guide and recommendations for their handling and experimental usage. Overall, the MP approach is a powerful strategy for studying T cell responses and understanding the immune system's role in health and disease. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of peptide pools ("MegaPools") Basic Protocol 2: MegaPool testing and quantitation of antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rubiro
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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da Silva Antunes R, Garrigan E, Quiambao LG, Dhanda SK, Marrama D, Westernberg L, Wang E, Abawi A, Sutherland A, Armstrong SK, Brickman TJ, Sidney J, Frazier A, Merkel TJ, Peters B, Sette A. T cell reactivity to Bordetella pertussis is highly diverse regardless of childhood vaccination. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1404-1416.e4. [PMID: 37490913 PMCID: PMC10528758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough due to Bordetella pertussis (BP) infections has increased recently. It is believed that the shift from whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines may be contributing to this rise. While T cells are key in controlling and preventing disease, nearly all knowledge relates to antigens in aP vaccines. A whole-genome mapping of human BP-specific CD4+ T cell responses was performed in healthy vaccinated adults and revealed unexpected broad reactivity to hundreds of antigens. The overall pattern and magnitude of T cell responses to aP and non-aP vaccine antigens are similar regardless of childhood vaccination, suggesting that asymptomatic infections drive the pattern of T cell reactivity in adults. Lastly, lack of Th1/Th2 polarization to non-aP vaccine antigens suggests these antigens have the potential to counteract aP vaccination Th2 bias. These findings enhance our insights into human T cell responses to BP and identify potential targets for next-generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lorenzo G Quiambao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Marrama
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luise Westernberg
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam Abawi
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy J Brickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tod J Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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5
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Sethi GS, Gracias DT, Gupta RK, Carr D, Miki H, Da Silva Antunes R, Croft M. Anti-CD3 inhibits circulatory and tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that drive asthma exacerbations in mice. Allergy 2023; 78:2168-2180. [PMID: 36951658 DOI: 10.1111/all.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of asthma are thought to be strongly dependent on reactivation of allergen-induced lung tissue-resident and circulatory memory CD4 T cells. Strategies that broadly inhibit multiple T cell populations might then be useful to limit asthma. Accordingly, we tested whether targeting CD3 during exposure to inhaled allergen could prevent the accumulation of lung-localized effector memory CD4 T cells and block exacerbations of asthmatic inflammation. METHODS House dust mite-sensitized and repetitively challenged BL/6 mice were transiently treated therapeutically with F(ab')2 anti-CD3ε and memory T cell responses and lung inflammation were assessed. PBMCs from HDM-allergic donors were examined for the effect of anti-CD3 on expansion of allergen-reactive T cells. RESULTS Allergen-sensitized mice undergoing exacerbations of asthma were protected from lung inflammation by transient therapeutic treatment with F(ab')2 anti-CD3. Regardless of whether sensitized mice underwent a secondary or tertiary recall response to inhaled allergen, anti-CD3 inhibited all phenotypes of effector memory CD4 T cells in the lung tissue and lung vasculature by 80%-90%, including those derived from tissue-resident and circulatory memory T cells. This did not depend on Treg cells suggesting it was primarily a blocking effect on memory T cell signaling. Correspondingly, anti-CD3 also strongly inhibited proliferation of human allergen-reactive memory CD4 T cells from allergic individuals. In contrast, the number of surviving tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that were maintained in the lungs at later times was not robustly reduced by anti-CD3. CONCLUSION Anti-CD3 F(ab')2 administration at the time of allergen exposure represents a viable strategy for limiting the immediate activity of allergen-responding memory T cells and asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurupreet S Sethi
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald T Gracias
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rinkesh K Gupta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Haruka Miki
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ricardo Da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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6
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da Silva Antunes R, Garrigan E, Quiambao LG, Dhanda SK, Marrama D, Westernberg L, Wang E, Sutherland A, Armstrong SK, Brickman TJ, Sidney J, Frazier A, Merkel T, Peters B, Sette A. Genome-wide characterization of T cell responses to Bordetella pertussis reveals broad reactivity and similar polarization irrespective of childhood vaccination profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534182. [PMID: 36993748 PMCID: PMC10055406 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough (pertussis), the respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis (BP) has increased in recent years, and it is suspected that the switch from whole-cell pertussis (wP) to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines may be a contributing factor to the rise in morbidity. While a growing body of evidence indicates that T cells play a role in the control and prevention of symptomatic disease, nearly all data on human BP-specific T cells is related to the four antigens contained in the aP vaccines, and data detailing T cell responses to additional non-aP antigens, are lacking. Here, we derived a full-genome map of human BP-specific CD4+ T cell responses using a high-throughput ex vivo Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assay, to screen a peptide library spanning over 3000 different BP ORFs. First, our data show that BP specific-CD4+ T cells are associated with a large and previously unrecognized breadth of responses, including hundreds of targets. Notably, fifteen distinct non-aP vaccine antigens were associated with reactivity comparable to that of the aP vaccine antigens. Second, the overall pattern and magnitude of CD4+ T cell reactivity to aP and non-aP vaccine antigens was similar regardless of aP vs wP childhood vaccination history, suggesting that the profile of T cell reactivity in adults is not driven by vaccination, but rather is likely driven by subsequent asymptomatic or sub-clinical infections. Finally, while aP vaccine responses were Th1/Th2 polarized as a function of childhood vaccination, CD4+ T cell responses to non-aP BP antigens vaccine responses were not, suggesting that these antigens could be used to avoid the Th2 bias associated with aP vaccination. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of human T cell responses against BP and suggest potential targets for designing next-generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lorenzo G Quiambao
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel Marrama
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luise Westernberg
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Brickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tod Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
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7
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da Silva Antunes R, Sutherland A, Frazier A, Schulten V, Pomés A, Glesner J, Calatroni A, Altman MC, Wood RA, O'Connor GT, Pongracic JA, Khurana Hershey GK, Kercsmar CM, Gruchalla RS, Gill M, Liu AH, Zoratti E, Kattan M, Busse PJ, Bacharier LB, Teach SJ, Wheatley LM, Togias A, Busse WW, Jackson DJ, Sette A. Heterogeneity of magnitude, allergen immunodominance, and cytokine polarization of cockroach allergen-specific T cell responses in allergic sensitized children. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12073. [PMID: 34691392 PMCID: PMC8514843 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of allergic responses to cockroach (CR), a common aeroallergen associated with asthma, has focused mainly on IgE reactivity, but little is known about T cell responses, particularly in children. We conducted a functional evaluation of CR allergen-specific T cell reactivity in a cohort of CR allergic children with asthma. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 71 children, with mild-to-moderate asthma who were enrolled in a CR immunotherapy (IT) clinical trial, prior to treatment initiation. PBMC were stimulated with peptide pools derived from 11 CR allergens, and CD4+ T cell responses assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS Highly heterogeneous responses in T cell reactivity were observed among participants, both in terms of the magnitude of cytokine response and allergen immunodominance. Reactivity against Bla g 9 and Bla g 5 was most frequent. The phenotype of the T cell response was dominated by IL-4 production and a Th2 polarized profile in 54.9% of participants, but IFNγ production and Th1 polarization was observed in 25.3% of the participants. The numbers of regulatory CD4+ T cells were also highly variable and the magnitude of effector responses and Th2 polarization were positively correlated with serum IgE levels specific to a clinical CR extract. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in children with mild-to-moderate asthma, CR-specific T cell responses display a wide range of magnitude, allergen dominance, and polarization. These results will enable examination of whether any of the variables measured are affected by IT and/or are predictive of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Division of Vaccine DiscoveryLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine DiscoveryLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Veronique Schulten
- Division of Vaccine DiscoveryLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anna Pomés
- Basic ResearchIndoor Biotechnologies, Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Jill Glesner
- Basic ResearchIndoor Biotechnologies, Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Matthew C. Altman
- Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - George T. O'Connor
- Boston University School of MedicinePulmonary CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jacqueline A. Pongracic
- Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary CareAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Carolyn M. Kercsmar
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineCincinnati Children's HospitalCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Rebecca S. Gruchalla
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Vascular BiologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Michelle Gill
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Vascular BiologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Andrew H. Liu
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Edward Zoratti
- Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Meyer Kattan
- College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Paula J. Busse
- Division of Clinical Immunology and AllergyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Department of PediatricsMonroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Stephen J. Teach
- Center for Translational ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Lisa M. Wheatley
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and TransplantationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and TransplantationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - William W. Busse
- Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine DiscoveryLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Balanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Targeting Multiple Antigens in Adults Receiving a Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050426. [PMID: 33922875 PMCID: PMC8146362 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T cell immunity has been acknowledged in recent vaccine development and evaluation. We tested the humoral and cellular immune responses to Flucelvax®, a quadrivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine containing two influenza A (H1N1 Singapore/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 and H3N2 North Carolina/04/2016) and two influenza B (Iowa/06/2017 and Singapore/INFTT-16-0610/2016) virus strains, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by pools of peptides overlapping all the individual influenza viral protein components. Baseline reactivity was detected against all four strains both at the level of CD4 and CD8 responses and targeting different proteins. CD4 T cell reactivity was mostly directed to HA/NA proteins in influenza B strains, and NP/M1/M2/NS1/NEP proteins in the case of the Influenza A strains. CD8 responses to both influenza A and B viruses preferentially targeted the more conserved core viral proteins. Following vaccination, both CD4 and CD8 responses against the various influenza antigens were increased in day 15 to day 91 post vaccination period, and maintained a Th1 polarized profile. Importantly, no vaccine interference was detected, with the increased responses balanced across all four included viral strains for both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and targeting HA and multiple additional viral antigens.
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9
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da Silva Antunes R, Soldevila F, Pomaznoy M, Babor M, Bennett J, Tian Y, Khalil N, Qian Y, Mandava A, Scheuermann RH, Cortese M, Pulendran B, Petro CD, Gilkes AP, Purcell LA, Sette A, Peters B. A system-view of Bordetella pertussis booster vaccine responses in adults primed with whole-cell versus acellular vaccine in infancy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141023. [PMID: 33690224 PMCID: PMC8119213 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of whooping cough worldwide suggests that current vaccination against Bordetella pertussis infection has limitations in quality and duration of protection. The resurgence of infection has been linked to the introduction of acellular vaccines (aP), which have an improved safety profile compared with the previously used whole-cell (wP) vaccines. To determine immunological differences between aP and wP priming in infancy, we performed a systems approach of the immune response to booster vaccination. Transcriptomic, proteomic, cytometric, and serologic profiling revealed multiple shared immune responses with different kinetics across cohorts, including an increase of blood monocyte frequencies and strong antigen-specific IgG responses. Additionally, we found a prominent subset of aP-primed individuals (30%) with a strong differential signature, including higher levels of expression for CCL3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1. Contrary to the wP individuals, this subset displayed increased PT-specific IgE responses after boost and higher antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG3 antibodies against FHA and FIM2/3 at baseline and after boost. Overall, the results show that, while broad immune response patterns to Tdap boost overlap between aP- and wP-primed individuals, a subset of aP-primed individuals present a divergent response. These findings provide candidate targets to study the causes and correlates of waning immunity after aP vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mariana Babor
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Bennett
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Natalie Khalil
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mario Cortese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Singhania A, Pham J, Dhanwani R, Frazier A, Rezende Dutra J, Marder KS, Phillips E, Mallal S, Amara AW, Standaert DG, Sulzer D, Peters B, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. The TCR repertoire of α-synuclein-specific T cells in Parkinson's disease is surprisingly diverse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:302. [PMID: 33432042 PMCID: PMC7801678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-antigen α-synuclein (α-syn) was recently shown to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we mapped the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of α-syn-specific T cells from six PD patients. The self-antigen α-syn-specific repertoire was compared to the repertoire of T cells specific for pertussis (PT), as a representative foreign antigen that most individuals are exposed to, revealing that the repertoire for α-syn was as diverse as the repertoire for PT. The diversity of PT-specific clonotypes was similar between individuals with PD diagnosis and age-matched healthy controls. We found that the TCR repertoire was specific to each PD patient, and no shared TCRs among patients were defined, likely due to differences in HLA expression that select for different subsets of epitope-specific TCR rearrangements. This study provides the first characterization of α-syn-specific TCR clonotypes in individuals with PD. Antigen-specific TCRs can serve as immunotherapeutics and diagnostics, and means to track longitudinal changes in specific T cells, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Singhania
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John Pham
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - April Frazier
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Juliana Rezende Dutra
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Karen S. Marder
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Amy W. Amara
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - David G. Standaert
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - David Sulzer
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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