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Liu L, Jia X, Zhao X, Li T, Luo Z, Deng R, Peng B, Mao D, Liu H, Zheng Q. In vitro PCR verification that lysozyme inhibits nucleic acid replication and transcription. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6383. [PMID: 37076576 PMCID: PMC10115842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme can kill bacteria by its enzymatic activity or through a mechanism involving its cationic nature, which can facilitate electrostatic interactions with the viral capsid, the negatively charged parts of nucleic acids, and polymerase, so binding to nucleic acids may be another biological function of lysozyme. Here, PCR was used as a research tool to detect the effects of lysozyme on the replication and transcription of nucleic acids after treatment in different ways. We found that lysozyme and its hydrolysate can enter cells and inhibit PCR to varying degrees in vitro, and degraded lysozyme inhibited nucleic acid replication more effectively than intact lysozyme. The inhibition of lysozyme may be related to polymerase binding, and the sensitivity of different polymerases to lysozyme is inconsistent. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further explaining the pharmacological effects of lysozyme, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and immune regulatory activities, and directions for the development of new pharmacological effects of lysozyme and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziren Luo
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranxi Deng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bijia Peng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Danting Mao
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zheng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
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Loor A, Wang D, Bossier P, Nevejan N. β-1,3-Glucan/chitin unmasking in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, Δmnn9, promotes immune response and resistance of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to Vibrio coralliilyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:470-479. [PMID: 36115606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cells can play a crucial role in immune activation in fish and shellfish predominantly due to the cell wall component β-1,3-glucan, providing protection against bacterial or viral infections. However, the immunostimulatory capacity of dietary yeast cells remains poorly studied in bivalves. To understand the role of yeast cell wall components (mannan, β-glucan and chitin) as immune activators, this study characterized the surface carbohydrate exposure of the wild-type baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (WT) and its Δmnn9 mutant, which presents a defective mannan structure, and compared these profiles with that of β-glucan particles, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectin binding analysis. Then, a first trial evaluated the immunological response in Crassostrea gigas juveniles after being fed for 24 h with an algae-based diet (100A) and its 50% substituted version (based on dry weight) with WT (50A50WT) and Δmnn9 (50A50Y), and the posterior resistance of the juveniles against Vibrio coralliilyticus infection (trial 1). The mRNA expression was measured for β-glucan-binding protein (CgβGBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (CgTLR4), C-type lectin receptor 3 (CgCLec-3), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (CgMyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (CgNFκB), lysozyme (CgLys), interleukin 17-5 (CgIL17-5), and superoxide dismutase (CgSOD), in oysters, before and 24 h after the bacterial inoculation. A second trial tested the effect of incorporating Δmnn9 into the 100A diet for 24 h at different substitution levels: 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50% (100A, 95A5Y, 90A10Y, 75A25Y, and 50A50Y), followed by the bacterial challenge with V. coralliilyticus (trial 2). Our findings showed that the outer cell wall surface of WT is largely composed of mannan, while Δmnn9 presents high exposure of β-glucan and chitin, exhibiting similar FITC-lectin binding profiles (fluorescence intensity) to β-glucan particles. A significantly higher survival after the bacterial challenge was observed in oysters fed on 50A50Y compared to those fed 50A50WT and 100A in trial 1. This better performance of 50A50Y was supported by significantly higher gene expressions of CgLys, CgSOD, CgMyD88, and CgβGBP compared to 100A, and CgSOD and CgNFκB in relation to those fed on 50A50WT, prior to the bacterial inoculation. Furthermore, improved survival was observed in oysters fed 50A50Y compared to those offered lower Δmnn9 levels and 100A in trial 2. The superior performance of Δmnn9-fed oysters is mostly associated with the elevated presence of unmasked β-glucans on Δmnn9 cell wall surface, facilitating their interactions with oyster hemocytes. Further studies are needed to evaluate administration dose and frequency of Δmnn9 to develop strategies for long-term feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Loor
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mc5r like genes (mc5rl) in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) after aerial exposure and low-temperature stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8891-8901. [PMID: 33128687 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-5 receptor (mc5r) plays an important role in exocrine function, lipid metabolism, obesity, and stress response in the vertebrate. However, the functions of the mc5r in mollusks have been rarely investigated. We cloned the full length of Ruditapes philippinarum mc5r like gene (mc5rl) and the sequence structure and phylogenetic relationship of mc5rl were analyzed. Besides, we detected the tissue distribution and the expression pattern of R. philippinarum mc5r like (mc5rl) genes after aerial exposure and low-temperature stress. The full-length cDNA of the mc5rl-1 was 2143 bp, consisting of a 1224 bp open reading frame encoding (ORF) 408 amino acids. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Manila clam mc5rl were highly homologous with mc5r of Crassostrea virginica, Crassostrea gigas, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, and Pecten maximus (32%-36%) and low homologous with vertebrates. The results of the distribution of mc5rl genes showed that mc5rl genes were dominant in the mantle, gonad, and hepatopancreas in R. philippinarum. The expression of mc5rl genes was significantly increased after aerial exposure and low-temperature stress in R. philippinarum in hepatopancreas. Aerial exposure and low-temperature stress could induce mc5rl expressed. Mc5rl might serve as a sensor and promote stress response in R. philippinarum. The cloning and expression characteristics of mc5rl will facilitate the investigation of its function in stress response and other physiological processes in R. philippinarum.
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Zuo S, Jiang K, Li D, Yan X, Nie H. Transcriptomic analysis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum under lipopolysaccharide challenge provides molecular insights into immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:110-119. [PMID: 32755682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is an economically important shellfish in marine aquaculture. A better understanding of the immune system in R. philippinarum will provide the basis for the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases affecting this species but can also be of relevance for other bivalves of commercial interest. In this study, the transcriptional response of the Manila clam under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was characterized using RNA sequencing. The transcriptomes of LPS challenged group of clams (LH1, LH2 and LH3), and the PBS control group (CH1, CH2 and CH3), were sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform. Compared with the unigene expression profile of the control group, 223 unigenes were up-regulated and 389 unigenes were down-regulated in the LPS challenged group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that signal transduction, defense response, and immune-related pathways such as Chemokine signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels in sensory system were the most highly enriched pathways among the genes that were differentially expressed under LPS challenge. This study present understanding of the molecular basis underpinning response to LPS challenge and provides useful information for future work on the molecular mechanism of pathogen resistance and immunity in Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zuo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kunyin Jiang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Hongtao Nie
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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6
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Jiang K, Nie H, Li D, Yan X. New insights into the Manila clam and PAMPs interaction based on RNA-seq analysis of clam through in vitro challenges with LPS, PGN, and poly(I:C). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:531. [PMID: 32738896 PMCID: PMC7430831 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a worldwide commercially important marine bivalve species. In recent years, however, microbial diseases caused high economic losses and have received increasing attention. To understand the molecular basis of the immune response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in R. philippinarum, transcriptome libraries of clam hepatopancreas were constructed at 24 h post-injection with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control by using RNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq). Results A total of 832, 839, and 188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in LPS, PGN, and poly(I:C) challenge group compared with PBS control, respectively. Several immune-related genes and pathways were activated in response to the different PAMPs, suggesting these genes and pathways might specifically participate in the immune response to pathogens. Besides, the analyses provided useful complementary data to compare different PAMPs challenges in vivo. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs demonstrated that PAMPs responsive signal pathways were related to apoptosis, signal transduction, immune system, and signaling molecules and interaction. Several shared or specific DEGs response to different PAMPs were revealed in R. philippinarum, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interferon-induced proteins (IFI), and some other immune-related genes were found in the present work. Conclusions This is the first study employing high throughput transcriptomic sequencing to provide valuable genomic resources and investigate Manila clam response to different PAMPs through in vivo challenges with LPS, PGN, and poly(I:C). The results obtained here provide new insights to understanding the immune characteristics of R. philippinarum response to different PAMPs. This information is critical to elucidate the molecular basis of R. philippinarum response to different pathogens invasion, which potentially can be used to develop effective control strategies for different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyin Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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7
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Lamrabet O, Jauslin T, Lima WC, Leippe M, Cosson P. The multifarious lysozyme arsenal of Dictyostelium discoideum. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103645. [PMID: 32061941 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum is a free-living soil amoeba which feeds upon bacteria. To bind, ingest, and kill bacteria, D. discoideum uses molecular mechanisms analogous to those found in professional phagocytic cells of multicellular organisms. D. discoideum is equipped with a large arsenal of antimicrobial peptides and proteins including amoebapore-like peptides and lysozymes. This review describes the family of lysozymes in D. discoideum. We identified 22 genes potentially encoding four different types of lysozymes in the D. discoideum genome. Although most of these genes are also present in the genomes of other amoebal species, no other organism is as well-equipped with lysozyme genes as D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmane Lamrabet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Tania Jauslin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Wanessa Cristina Lima
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Leippe
- Zoological Institute, Comparative Immunobiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Gerdol M, Luo YJ, Satoh N, Pallavicini A. Genetic and molecular basis of the immune system in the brachiopod Lingula anatina. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:7-30. [PMID: 29278680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extension of comparative immunology to non-model systems, such as mollusks and annelids, has revealed an unexpected diversity in the complement of immune receptors and effectors among evolutionary lineages. However, several lophotrochozoan phyla remain unexplored mainly due to the lack of genomic resources. The increasing accessibility of high-throughput sequencing technologies offers unique opportunities for extending genome-wide studies to non-model systems. As a result, the genome-based study of the immune system in brachiopods allows a better understanding of the alternative survival strategies developed by these immunologically neglected phyla. Here we present a detailed overview of the molecular components of the immune system identified in the genome of the brachiopod Lingula anatina. Our findings reveal conserved intracellular signaling pathways as well as unique strategies for pathogen detection and killing in brachiopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Yi-Jyun Luo
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Ren Q, Wang C, Jin M, Lan J, Ye T, Hui K, Tan J, Wang Z, Wyckoff GJ, Wang W, Han GZ. Co-option of bacteriophage lysozyme genes by bivalve genomes. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160285. [PMID: 28100665 PMCID: PMC5303276 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have occasionally acquired genetic material through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, little is known about the evolutionary and functional significance of such acquisitions. Lysozymes are ubiquitous enzymes that degrade bacterial cell walls. Here, we provide evidence that two subclasses of bivalves (Heterodonta and Palaeoheterodonta) acquired a lysozyme gene via HGT, building on earlier findings. Phylogenetic analyses place the bivalve lysozyme genes within the clade of bacteriophage lysozyme genes, indicating that the bivalves acquired the phage-type lysozyme genes from bacteriophages, either directly or through intermediate hosts. These bivalve lysozyme genes underwent dramatic structural changes after their co-option, including intron gain and fusion with other genes. Moreover, evidence suggests that recurrent gene duplication occurred in the bivalve lysozyme genes. Finally, we show the co-opted lysozymes exhibit a capacity for antibacterial action, potentially augmenting the immune function of related bivalves. This represents an intriguing evolutionary strategy in the eukaryote–microbe arms race, in which the genetic materials of bacteriophages are co-opted by eukaryotes, and then used by eukaryotes to combat bacteria, using a shared weapon against a common enemy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Lan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- Divison of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Zhu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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Yang D, Wang Q, Cao R, Chen L, Liu Y, Cong M, Wu H, Li F, Ji C, Zhao J. Molecular characterization, expression and antimicrobial activities of two c-type lysozymes from manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:109-118. [PMID: 28344168 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes play an important role in the innate immune responses with which mollusks respond to bacterial invasion through its lytic activity. In the present study, two c-type lysozymes (designed as VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2, respectively) were identified and characterized from the manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. The full-length cDNA of VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 was of 629 and 736 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 156 and153 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of VpCLYZs showed high similarity to other known invertebrate c-type lysozymes. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic relationship strongly suggested that VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 belonged to the c-type lysozyme family. Both VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 transcripts were constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues with different levels. The VpCLYZ-1 transcript was dominantly expressed in hepatopancreas and hemocytes, while VpCLYZ-2 transcript was mainly expressed in the tissues of hepatopancreas and gills. Both the mRNA expression of VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 was significantly up-regulated at 12 h post Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The recombinant VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 (designed as rVpCLYZ-1 and rVpCLYZ-2) exhibited lytic activity against all tested bacteria, and rVpCLYZ-1 showed higher activities than rVpCLYZ-2 in killing Micrococcus luteus and V. anguillarum. Overall, our results suggested that VpCLYZ-1 and VpCLYZ-2 belonged to the c-type lysozyme family, and played important roles in the immune responses of manila clam, especially in the elimination of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Yang D, Wang Q, Chen L, Liu Y, Cao R, Wu H, Li F, Ji C, Cong M, Zhao J. Molecular characterization and antibacterial activity of a phage-type lysozyme from the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:17-24. [PMID: 28365385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A phage-type lysozyme, designed as RpPLYZ, was cloned and characterized from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The full-length cDNA of RpPLYZ was of 699 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 534 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 177-amino acid with a calculated molecular mass of 19.6 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.05. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested that RpPLYZ was a new member of the phage-type lysozyme family. The mRNA transcript of RpPLYZ was found to be constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues and mainly in hemocytes and mantle. The relative expression of RpPLYZ mRNA in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The recombinant RpPLYZ (rRpPLYZ) showed high activity against Entherobacter cloacae and Staphyloccocus aureus, and less effective towards Entherobacter aerogenes and V. anguillarum. Moreover, the optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength for rRpPLYZ activity was determined to be 5.5, 50 °C and 5 mM, respectively. These results suggested that RpPLYZ was a member of the phage-type lysozyme family and perhaps played an important role in the immune responses against bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Fernández-Boo S, Villalba A, Cao A. Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1369-1385. [PMID: 27233620 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni-free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni-affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non-infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well-known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández-Boo
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - A Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - A Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Gerdol M, Venier P. An updated molecular basis for mussel immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:17-38. [PMID: 25700785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and their microbiome, including potential pathogens and parasites, significantly contribute to animal life diversity. Marine filter-feeding bivalves, mussels in particular, can survive also in heavily anthropized coastal waters despite being constantly surrounded by microorganisms. Based on the first outline of the Mytilus galloprovincialis immunome dated 2011, the continuously growing transcript data and the recent release of a draft mussel genome, we explored the available sequence data and scientific literature to reinforce our knowledge on the main gene-encoded elements of the mussel immune responses, from the pathogen recognition to its clearance. We carefully investigated molecules specialized in the sensing and targeting of potential aggressors, expected to show greater molecular diversification, and outlined, whenever relevant, the interconnected cascades of the intracellular signal transduction. Aiming to explore the diversity of extracellular, membrane-bound and intracellular pattern recognition receptors in mussel, we updated a highly complex immune system, comprising molecules which are described here in detail for the first time (e.g. NOD-like receptors) or which had only been partially characterized in bivalves (e.g. RIG-like receptors). Overall, our comparative sequence analysis supported the identification of over 70 novel full-length immunity-related transcripts in M. galloprovincialis. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of gene functions relevant to immunity, the involvement of part of them in other vital processes, and also the lack of a refined mussel genome make this work still not-exhaustive and support the development of more specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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