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Sonday Z, Baatjies R, Mwanga HH, Jeebhay MF. Prevalence of work-related skin symptoms and associated factors among tertiary hospital workers exposed to cleaning agents in Southern Africa. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:178-189. [PMID: 37401107 PMCID: PMC10530256 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Working with cleaning products is associated with occupational contact dermatitis in health workers (HWs), but information on predictors for these outcomes is limited. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence of work-related skin symptoms (WRSS) and associated factors in HWs exposed to cleaning agents in two Southern African tertiary hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 HWs used an interviewer-administered questionnaire and assessed for atopy using Phadiatop. RESULTS HWs' median age was 42 years, 77.0% were female and 42.5% were atopic. The prevalence of WRSS in the last 12 months was 14.8%, 12.3% had probable contact dermatitis (PCD) and 3.2% had probable contact urticaria (PCU). Technicians (ORadj 3.91) and tasks involving cleaning and disinfection of skin wounds (ORadj 1.98) were associated with WRSS in the past year. Factors associated with PCD included sterilizing instruments, disinfecting skin before procedures and use of wound adhesives. Factors associated with PCU included specimen preparation using formalin, medical instrument sterilization tasks, and skin/wound cleaning and disinfection. Appropriate glove use when performing patients' skin/wound care was protective against WRSS. CONCLUSIONS Tasks involving cleaning and disinfecting patients' skin and wounds were associated with WRSS in HWs, especially when performed without gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Sonday
- Occupational Medicine Division, School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Occupational Medicine Division, School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied SciencesCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Hussein H Mwanga
- Occupational Medicine Division, School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social SciencesMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Mohamed F Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division, School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Multisanti CR, Riolo K, Impellitteri F, Chebbi I, Faggio C, Giannetto A. Short-term in vitro exposure of Pinctada imbricata's haemocytes to Quaternium-15: exploring physiological and cellular responses. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104198. [PMID: 37391050 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the 2000s, the pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata (Röding, 1798) has become established along the transitional waterways of the "Capo Peloro Lagoon" natural reserve, where it is now abundant due to its adaptability to different hydrological, climatic, environmental, and pollution conditions. This study aims to evaluate haemocyte immune-mediated responses in vitro to quaternium-15, a common pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. Cell viability and phagocytosis activity decreased when exposed to 0.1 or 1mg/L of quaternium-15. Moreover, decreasing phagocytosis was confirmed by gene expression modulation of actin, involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement. Effects on oxidative stress-related genes were also assessed (Cat, MnSod, Zn/CuSod, GPx). The qPCR data revealed alterations in antioxidant responses through gene dose- and time-dependent modulation. This study presents insights into the physiological responses and cellular mechanisms of P. imbricata haemocytes to environmental stressors, indicating that this species is useful as a novel bioindicator for future toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 - Messina, Italy.
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 - Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Imen Chebbi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, BP, 3038, Tunisia.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 - Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 - Messina, Italy.
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Mwanga HH, Baatjies R, Singh T, Jeebhay MF. Work-related allergy and asthma associated with cleaning agents in health workers in Southern African tertiary hospitals. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:382-395. [PMID: 35267214 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health workers (HWs) are exposed to diverse cleaning agents in large hospitals. This study determined the prevalence of work-related symptoms, allergic sensitization, and lung function abnormalities in HWs of two tertiary hospitals in Southern Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 699 HWs (South Africa: SAH, n = 346; Tanzania: TAH, n = 353) was conducted. Health outcomes were assessed using a standardized ECRHS questionnaire, immunological tests (specific IgE antibody to common aero-allergens and to occupational allergens: natural rubber latex [NRL] Hev b5 and Hev b6.02, chlorhexidine, and ortho-phthalaldehyde [OPA]), spirometry [pre-and post- bronchodilator], methacholine challenge, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). RESULTS A large proportion of participants (78%) were women. Median age was 42 years, with 76% nurses, 12% cleaners, and 5% administrative workers. Current smoking was more common in SAHWs (12%) than TAHWs (1%). The overall prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 7%. Atopy was present in 43% of HWs, while 4% were sensitized to OPA, 2% to NRL, and 1% to chlorhexidine. Prevalence of work-related ocular-nasal symptoms (16%) was higher than skin (12%) and chest (7%) symptoms. TAHWs had significantly lower mean lung volumes, higher degrees of significant airflow obstruction and impaired lung function. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in SAHWs (14%) was high. Overall, 23% of HWs had abnormal FeNO; 6% having high (>50 ppb) levels. FeNO was positively associated with sensitization to occupational allergens, primarily OPA and NRL. CONCLUSIONS HWs from both hospitals had similar prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms. Sensitization to OPA and NRL appears to be contributing to allergic airway inflammation in these HWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein H. Mwanga
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology Cape Town South Africa
| | - Tanusha Singh
- National Institute for Occupational Health National Health Laboratory Services Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Mohamed F. Jeebhay
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Aodah AH, Bakr AA, Booq RY, Rahman MJ, Alzahrani DA, Alsulami KA, Alshaya HA, Alsuabeyl MS, Alyamani EJ, Tawfik EA. Preparation and evaluation of benzalkonium chloride hand sanitizer as a potential alternative for alcohol-based hand gels. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:807-814. [PMID: 34408542 PMCID: PMC8363107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene is one of the effective measures for reducing the transmission of infections. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing ethanol or isopropanol are considered efficient alternatives to handwashing with water and soap. Despite being effective against a broad-spectrum of microbes, fining an effective alternative to the alcohol-based hand sanitizers became a necessity owning to the limitations associated with their use, such as skin dryness, irritant contact dermatitis, and intoxication upon their accidental ingestion. Furthermore, in certain circumstances when the demand for alcohol exceeds the supply, like in the current COVID19 pandemic, formulating an effective non-alcoholic hand sanitizer would be a potential solution. Therefore, in this study, a non-alcoholic hand sanitizer containing benzalkonium chloride (BKC) as an active ingredient was prepared and evaluated as a less irritant and more persistent hand sanitizer gel. The hand gel was characterized by pH, viscosity, and spreadability. Results showed that this product has low viscosity, high spreadability and pH of 6.3, which is less likely to cause skin irritation. The antibacterial assessment (zone of inhibition) of the BKC-based hand sanitizer demonstrated antibacterial activities against nine out of eleven gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, while the acceptability study on ten participants showed no signs of skin irritation nor redness upon its application. Consequently, this non-alcoholic based hand sanitizer is suggested as a potential alternative to alcohol-based hand gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan H. Aodah
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar A. Bakr
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Y. Booq
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed J. Rahman
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A. Alzahrani
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud A. Alsulami
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassa A. Alshaya
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alsuabeyl
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam J. Alyamani
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Milam EC, Nassau S, Banta E, Fonacier L, Cohen DE. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: An Update. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:3283-3293. [PMID: 33161959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupation contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin condition impacting every professional industry in the United States. It is associated with significant personal and professional distress, loss of revenue, and decreased productivity. Occupational CD is further subdivided into irritant CD and allergic CD. Frequently, workers may suffer from a combination of both types. Numerous workplace exposures are implicated, but there are several themes across professions, such as CD related to frequent handwashing and wet work. A detailed occupational history, physical examination, and patch testing can help to make the diagnosis. Treatment includes identification of the substance and avoidance, which often is quite challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Milam
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Stacy Nassau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Erin Banta
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Luz Fonacier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - David E Cohen
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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6
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Vallières C, Alexander C, Avery SV. Potentiated inhibition of Trichoderma virens and other environmental fungi by new biocide combinations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2867-2875. [PMID: 33738552 PMCID: PMC8007513 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Fungi cause diverse, serious socio-economic problems, including biodeterioration of valuable products and materials that spawns a biocides industry worth ~$11 billion globally. To help combat environmental fungi that commonly colonise material products, this study tested the hypothesis that combination of an approved fungicide with diverse agents approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) could reveal potent combinatorial activities with promise for fungicidal applications. The strategy to use approved compounds lowers potential development risks for any effective combinations. A high-throughput assay of 1280 FDA-approved compounds was conducted to find those that potentiate the effect of iodopropynyl-butyl-carbamate (IPBC) on the growth of Trichoderma virens; IPBC is one of the two most widely used Biocidal Products Regulations–approved fungicides. From this library, 34 compounds in combination with IPBC strongly inhibited fungal growth. Low-cost compounds that gave the most effective growth inhibition were tested against other environmental fungi that are standard biomarkers for resistance of synthetic materials to fungal colonisation. Trifluoperazine (TFZ) in combination with IPBC enhanced growth inhibition of three of the five test fungi. The antifungal hexetidine (HEX) potentiated IPBC action against two of the test organisms. Testable hypotheses on the mechanisms of these combinatorial actions are discussed. Neither IPBC + TFZ nor IPBC + HEX exhibited a combinatorial effect against mammalian cells. These combinations retained strong fungal growth inhibition properties after incorporation to a polymer matrix (alginate) with potential for fungicide delivery. The study reveals the potential of such approved compounds for novel combinatorial applications in the control of fungal environmental opportunists. Key points • Search with an approved fungicide to find new fungicidal synergies in drug libraries. • New combinations inhibit growth of key environmental fungi on different matrices. • The approach enables a more rapid response to demand for new biocides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11211-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallières
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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7
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Anderson SE, Weatherly L, Shane HL. Contribution of antimicrobials to the development of allergic disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:91-95. [PMID: 31185370 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials represent a broad class of chemicals with the intended purpose of eliminating or controlling the growth of harmful microorganisms. Exposure can occur occupationally or through the use or consumption of consumer products. The use of antimicrobial agents has been associated with an increased incidence of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and less commonly, anaphylaxis. Very diverse immunological mechanisms and mediators have been identified in the sensitization response to antimicrobial chemicals and the importance of the local microenviroment in the response is increasingly being recognized. A complete understanding of the mechanisms of allergic diseases resulting from antimicrobial exposure will help to ensure safe environments and exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Anderson
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Morgantown, WV, 26508, United States.
| | - Lisa Weatherly
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Morgantown, WV, 26508, United States
| | - Hillary L Shane
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Morgantown, WV, 26508, United States
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8
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Contact Dermatitis in Atopic Dermatitis Children—Past, Present, and Future. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 56:86-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Pacheco KA. Occupational dermatitis: How to identify the exposures, make the diagnosis, and treat the disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:583-591. [PMID: 29698693 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Pacheco
- Division of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
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10
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Di Maiuta N, Rüfenacht A, Küenzi P. Assessment of bacteria and archaea in metalworking fluids using massive parallel 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:266-273. [PMID: 28755506 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the bacterial diversity in industry-based liquid in-use water-miscible metalworking fluid (MWF) samples was targeted by massive parallel multiplex DNA sequencing, either directly or upon pretreatment with propidium monoazide (PMA) that allows differentiation between intact and physically damaged cells. As MWFs provide a suitable basis of life for micro-organisms, the majority is preserved by biocides. 'Bio-concept' fluids on the other hand are bactericide free, which intentionally leads to substantial bacterial populations. Samples from both fluid types were chosen: A median of 51 operational taxonomic units at genera level (OTUs) were detected per sample, but only 13 were present at or above 1·0% of the total population in any PMA-treated sample analysed. As both fluid types were mainly dominated by Pseudomonas spp., we resolved this genus on the species level and found the Pseudomonas oleovorans/pseudoalcaligenes group to predominate. We also looked for archaea and detected Methanobrevibacter spp., albeit in <3% of all samples analysed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Water-miscible metalworking fluids provide a suitable base of life for micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. Earlier publications suggested that the diversity is rather low, but these studies were largely based on heterotrophic plate counts. This might have resulted in underestimation of population density and microbial diversity as some organisms might just refuse to grow. This study used high-throughput sequencing in the absence and presence of propidium monoazide to explore bacterial and archaeal presence in metalworking fluids. We established that diversity is low and bacterial populations are dominated by the genus Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rüfenacht
- Blaser Swisslube AG, Hasle-Rüegsau, Switzerland
| | - P Küenzi
- Blaser Swisslube AG, Hasle-Rüegsau, Switzerland
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11
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Jagielski T, Bakuła Z, Di Mauro S, Casciari C, Cambiotti V, Krukowski H, Turchetti B, Ricchi M, Manuali E, Buzzini P. A comparative study of the in vitro activity of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and amphotericin B against Prototheca spp. isolates from European dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7435-7445. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Hughes OB, Maderal AD, Tosti A. Preservative Sensitization—Safety With and Safety Without. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-016-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Microbiologically Contaminated and Over-Preserved Cosmetic Products According Rapex 2008–2014. COSMETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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14
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Evaluation of Functionality and Biological Responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis after Exposure to Quaternium-15 (Methenamine 3-Chloroallylochloride). Molecules 2016; 21:144. [PMID: 26821003 PMCID: PMC6273939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the irritant effects of quaternium-15 have been established, little is known about the toxicological consequences induced by this xenobiotic on aquatic invertebrates. The present article reports toxicological, histological and physiological effects of quaternium-15 following the exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis for 18 days at three different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L). The results demonstrate that at higher concentrations histological damages to M. galloprovincialis gills occur, like melanosis, light exfoliations, increase of mucus production and infiltrative inflammation. In addition digestive gland cells of M. galloprovincialis, were not able to perform the regulation volume decrease (RVD) owing to osmotic stress following the exposure to the preservative. Overall, this first study on quaternium-15 highlights that it can jeopardize both the morphology and vital physiological processes in marine invertebrates, depending on the duration of exposure and the concentration of the preservative, indicating that further studies are necessary to increase our knowledge about the effects of this substance, commonly added to our products of daily use.
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15
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Tran N, Pecquet C, Francès C. Dermatite des mains chez le personnel hospitalier : rôle des isothiazolinones des savons hospitaliers. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Rosero-Moreano M, Canellas E, Nerín C. Three-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with HPLC-UV for the determination of isothiazolinone biocides in adhesives used for food packaging materials. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:272-80. [PMID: 24302646 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the development of a liquid microextraction procedure for enhancing the sensitivity of the determination of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in adhesives. The procedure involves a three-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction using a semipermeable polypropylene membrane, which contained 1-octanol as the organic phase in the pores of the membrane. The donor and acceptor phases are aqueous acidic and alkaline media, respectively, and the final liquid phase (acceptor) is analyzed by HPLC coupled with diode array detection. The most appropriate conditions were extraction time 20 min, stirring speed 1400 rpm, extraction temperature 50°C. The quantification limits of the method were 0.123 and 0.490 μg/g for 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, respectively. Three different adhesive samples were successfully analyzed. The procedure was compared to direct analysis using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with TOF-MS, where the identification of the compounds and the quantification values were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Rosero-Moreano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
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Inhalation of ortho-phthalaldehyde vapor causes respiratory sensitization in mice. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:751052. [PMID: 21785612 PMCID: PMC3137992 DOI: 10.1155/2011/751052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been approved for high-level sterilization of heat-sensitive
medical instruments and is increasingly being used as a replacement in the healthcare industry
for glutaraldehyde, a known sensitizer. Numerous case reports have been published indicating
workers and patients experiencing respiratory problems, anaphylaxis, skin reactivity, and
systemic antibody production. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that OPA is a dermal
sensitizer in mice. The goal of the present study was to determine if OPA is a respiratory
sensitizer following inhalation exposure. Mice were exposed to OPA vapor and airway and
lymph nodes were examined for cytokine gene expression and alterations in lymphocyte
populations. Inhalation of OPA for 3 days resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in
lymphocyte proliferation, mainly B lymphocytes, in the draining lymph nodes. A secondary
challenge of mice with OPA resulted in a dramatic increase in the population of B lymphocytes
expressing IgE. Expression of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and anti/proinflammatory (IL-10,
TNFα, and IL-1β) cytokine genes was upregulated in the lymph nodes and the nasal mucosa.
Mice exposed to the higher concentrations of OPA-produced OPA-specific IgG1 antibodies
indicating systemic sensitization. These findings provide evidence that OPA has the potential to
cause respiratory sensitization in mice.
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Abstract
The successful treatment of hand dermatitis (HD) depends less on the selection of the proper topical steroid or a particular systemic agent than on addressing any underlying cause or perpetuating factor. Thus, innovative treatment is based on comprehensively addressing the patient's problem. Aggressive approaches may be required for the most severe forms of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Abramovits
- Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:400-6. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833d232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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