1
|
Li T, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu X, Fan Y, Li R, Zhang H, Xu Y. AtCIPK20 regulates microtubule stability to mediate stomatal closure under drought stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39189953 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is a common abiotic challenge that profoundly impacts plant growth and development. As sessile organisms, plants rely on various physiological and morphological adaptations to cope with drought conditions. The CIPK (calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase) family proteins play a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to abiotic stress through modulation of cellular membrane events via the CBL-CIPK complex. However, reports documenting the CIPKs' regulation of non-membrane events are scant. In this study, we discovered a novel subcellular localisation pattern of the AtCIPK20 protein of Arabidopsis, specifically to cortical microtubules (cMT), which is distinct from previously reported localisation patterns of plant CIPKs. AtCIPK20 regulates ABA-induced loss of cMT organisation in guard cells, thereby facilitating stomatal closure, mitigating leaf water loss, and protecting plants from drought stress in Arabidopsis. The C-terminal regulatory domain of AtCIPK20 governs its cMT targeting, whereas the interaction of AtCIPK20 with its CBL partners disrupts this localisation. Notably, the cMT targeting characteristic of AtCIPK20 is not exclusive, as several other CIPK members in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice exhibit similar localisation patterns. These findings broaden our current understanding of the role of plant CIPK members in abiotic stress resistance and suggest that future exploration of CIPK molecular functions should adopt a more comprehensive perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuna Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yudong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhu H, Huang R, Xu J, Huang L, Yang J, Chen W. CIP1, a CIPK23-interacting transporter, is implicated in Cd tolerance and phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134276. [PMID: 38640682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution from cadmium (Cd) presents a serious threat to plant growth and development. Therefore, it's crucial to find out how plants resist this toxic metal to develop strategies for remediating Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, we identified CIP1, a transporter protein, by screening interactors of the protein kinase CIPK23. CIP1 is located in vesicles membranes and can transport Cd2+ when expressed in yeast cells. Cd stress specifically induced the accumulation of CIP1 transcripts and functional proteins, particularly in the epidermal cells of the root tip. CIKP23 could interact directly with the central loop region of CIP1, phosphorylating it, which is essential for the efficient transport of Cd2+. A loss-of-function mutation of CIP1 in wild-type plants led to increased sensitivity to Cd stress. Conversely, tobacco plants overexpressing CIP1 exhibited improved Cd tolerance and increased Cd accumulation capacity. Interestingly, this Cd accumulation was restricted to roots but not shoots, suggesting that manipulating CIP1 does not risk Cd contamination of plants' edible parts. Overall, this study characterizes a novel Cd transporter, CIP1, with potential to enhance plant tolerance to Cd toxicity while effectively eliminating environmental contamination without economic losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ru'nan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao F, Dubos C. The arabidopsis bHLH transcription factor family. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:668-680. [PMID: 38143207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helices (bHLHs) are present in all eukaryotes and form one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) found in plants. bHLHs function as transcriptional activators and/or repressors of genes involved in key processes involved in plant growth and development in interaction with the environment (e.g., stomata and root hair development, iron homeostasis, and response to heat and shade). Recent studies have improved our understanding of the functioning of bHLH TFs in complex regulatory networks where a series of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have critical roles in regulating their subcellular localization, DNA-binding capacity, transcriptional activity, and/or stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation). Further elucidating the function and regulation of bHLHs will help further understanding of the biology of plants in general and for the development of new tools for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lei P, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Ji X, Ma L, Jin G, Li J, Zhang S, Kong D, Zhao X, Meng F. Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10692-10709. [PMID: 38712500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ximei Ji
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Subin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Wang S, Jiang S, Gan T, Luo X, Shi R, Xuan Y, Xiao G, Chen H. Overexpression of Calcineurin B-like Interacting Protein Kinase 31 Promotes Lodging and Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1306. [PMID: 38794377 PMCID: PMC11124926 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A breakthrough "Green Revolution" in rice enhanced lodging resistance by using gibberellin-deficient semi-dwarf varieties. However, the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling regulation on rice disease resistance remains unclear. The resistance test showed that a positive GA signaling regulator DWARF1 mutant d1 was more susceptible while a negative GA signaling regulator Slender rice 1 (SLR1) mutant was less susceptible to sheath blight (ShB), one of the major rice diseases, suggesting that GA signaling positively regulates ShB resistance. To isolate the regulator, which simultaneously regulates rice lodging and ShB resistance, SLR1 interactors were isolated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and Co-IP assay results indicate that SLR1 interacts with Calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31). cipk31 mutants exhibited normal plant height, but CIPK31 OXs showed semi-dwarfism. In addition, the SLR1 level was much higher in CIPK31 OXs than in the wild-type, suggesting that CIPK31 OX might accumulate SLR1 to inhibit GA signaling and thus regulate its semi-dwarfism. Recently, we demonstrated that CIPK31 interacts and inhibits Catalase C (CatC) to accumulate ROS, which promotes rice disease resistance. Interestingly, CIPK31 interacts with Vascular Plant One Zinc Finger 2 (VOZ2) in the nucleus, and expression of CIPK31 accumulated VOZ2. Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA revealed that the voz2 mutant was more susceptible to ShB. Thus, these data prove that CIPK31 promotes lodging and ShB resistance by regulating GA signaling and VOZ2 in rice. This study provides a valuable reference for rice ShB-resistant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Siting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Shiqi Jiang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Tian Gan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rujie Shi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
- Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia C, Zhang X, Zuo Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang B, Deng H. Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and abiotic stress response of the CBL and CIPK gene families in Artocarpus nanchuanensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131454. [PMID: 38588845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Artocarpus nanchuanensis, the northernmost species in the jackfruit genus, has great economic and horticultural value due to its nutritious fruit and beautiful tree shape. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as plant-specific Ca2+ sensors and participate in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses by interacting with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). However, the characteristics and functions of the CBL and CIPK genes in A. nanchuanensis are still unclear. Here, we identified 14 CBL and 33 CIPK genes from the A. nanchuanensis genome, and based on phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into 4 and 7 clades, respectively. Gene structure and motif analysis indicated that the AnCBL and AnCIPK genes were relatively conserved. Colinear analysis showed that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the AnCBL and AnCIPK gene families. Expression analysis showed that AnCBL and AnCIPK genes were widely expressed in various tissues of A. nanchuanensis and exhibited tissue-specific expression. In addition, three genes (AnCBL6, AnCIPK7/8) may play important roles in response to salt, cold, and drought stresses. In summary, this study lays an important foundation for the improvement of stress resistance in A. nanchuanensis and provides new insight for the functional research on CBL and CIPK gene families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changying Xia
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Zuo
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binru Wang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu XJ, Liu X, Zhao Q, Dong YH, Liu Q, Xue Y, Yao YX, You CX, Kang H, Wang XF. Calmodulin-like protein MdCML15 interacts with MdBT2 to modulate iron homeostasis in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae081. [PMID: 38766530 PMCID: PMC11101318 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BTB and TAZ domain proteins (BTs) function as specialized adaptors facilitating substrate recognition of the CUL3-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex that targets proteins for ubiquitination in reaction to diverse pressures. Nonetheless, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which the apple scaffold protein MdBT2 responds to external and internal signals is limited. Here we demonstrate that a putative Ca 2+ sensor, calmodulin-like 15 (MdCML15), acts as an upstream regulator of MdBT2 to negatively modulate its functions in plasma membrane H+-ATPase regulation and iron deficiency tolerance. MdCML15 was identified to be substantially linked to MdBT2, and to result in the ubiquitination and degradation of the MdBT2 target protein MdbHLH104. Consequently, MdCML15 repressed the MdbHLH104 target, MdAHA8's expression, reducing levels of a specific membrane H+-ATPase. Finally, the phenotype of transgenic apple plantlets and calli demonstrated that MdCML15 modulates membrane H+-ATPase-produced rhizosphere pH lowering alongside iron homeostasis through an MdCML15-MdBT2-MdbHLH104-MdAHA8 pathway. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qiangbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu-Xin Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lichtblau DM, Baby D, Khan M, Trofimov K, Ari Y, Schwarz B, Bauer P. The small iron-deficiency-induced protein OLIVIA and its relation to the bHLH transcription factor POPEYE. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295732. [PMID: 38626041 PMCID: PMC11020826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a crucial micronutrient needed in many metabolic processes. To balance needs and potential toxicity, plants control the amount of Fe they take up and allocate to leaves and seeds during their development. One important regulator of this process is POPEYE (PYE). PYE is a Fe deficiency-induced key bHLH transcription factor (TF) for allocation of internal Fe in plants. In the absence of PYE, there is altered Fe translocation and plants develop a leaf chlorosis. NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE4 (NAS4), FERRIC-REDUCTION OXIDASE3 (FRO3), and ZINC-INDUCED FACILITATOR1 (ZIF1) genes are expressed at higher level in pye-1 indicating that PYE represses these genes. PYE activity is controlled in a yet unknown manner. Here, we show that a small Fe deficiency-induced protein OLIVIA (OLV) can interact with PYE. OLV has a conserved C-terminal motif, that we named TGIYY. Through deletion mapping, we pinpointed that OLV TGIYY and several regions of PYE can be involved in the protein interaction. An OLV overexpressing (OX) mutant line exhibited an enhanced NAS4 gene expression. This was a mild Fe deficiency response phenotype that was related to PYE function. Leaf rosettes of olv mutants remained smaller than those of wild type, indicating that OLV promotes plant growth. Taken together, our study identified a small protein OLV as a candidate that may connect aspects of Fe homeostasis with regulation of leaf growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dibin Baby
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mather Khan
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yunus Ari
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birte Schwarz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trofimov K, Gratz R, Ivanov R, Stahl Y, Bauer P, Brumbarova T. FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) accumulates in nuclear condensates. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311048. [PMID: 38393070 PMCID: PMC10890924 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional importance of nuclear protein condensation remains often unclear. The bHLH FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) controls iron acquisition and growth in plants. Previously described C-terminal serine residues allow FIT to interact and form active transcription factor complexes with subgroup Ib bHLH factors such as bHLH039. FIT has lower nuclear mobility than mutant FITmSS271AA. Here, we show that FIT undergoes a light-inducible subnuclear partitioning into FIT nuclear bodies (NBs). Using quantitative and qualitative microscopy-based approaches, we characterized FIT NBs as condensates that were reversible and likely formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. FIT accumulated preferentially in NBs versus nucleoplasm when engaged in protein complexes with itself and with bHLH039. FITmSS271AA, instead, localized to NBs with different dynamics. FIT colocalized with splicing and light signaling NB markers. The NB-inducing light conditions were linked with active FIT and elevated FIT target gene expression in roots. FIT condensation may affect nuclear mobility and be relevant for integrating environmental and Fe nutrition signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun C, Li Y, Zhao T, Bi W, Song Y, Liang X, Wang X, Dou D, Xu G. Potato calcium sensor modules StCBL3-StCIPK7 and StCBL3-StCIPK24 negatively regulate plant immunity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38182981 PMCID: PMC10768403 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease on potato. Dissecting critical immune components in potato will be supportive for engineering P. infestans resistance. Upon pathogens attack, plant Ca2+ signature is generated and decoded by an array of Ca2+ sensors, among which calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) coupled with plant specific CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are much less explored in plant immunity. RESULTS In this study, we identified that two differential potato CBL-CIPK modules regulate plant defense responses against Phytophthora and ROS production, respectively. By deploying virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system-based pathogen inoculation assays, StCBL3 was shown to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. Consistently, StCBL3 was further found to negatively regulate PTI and ETI responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, StCIPK7 was identified to act together with StCBL3 to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. StCIPK7 physically interacts with StCBL3 and phosphorylates StCBL3 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. StCBL3 promotes StCIPK7 kinase activity. On the other hand, another StCBL3-interacting kinase StCIPK24 negatively modulating flg22-triggered accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interacting with StRBOHB. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that the StCBL3-StCIPK7 complex negatively modulates Phytophthora resistance and StCBL3-StCIPK24 complex negatively regulate ROS production. Our results offer new insights into the roles of potato CBL-CIPK in plant immunity and provide valuable gene resources to engineer the disease resistance potato in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weishuai Bi
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Song
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Houmani H, Corpas FJ. Can nutrients act as signals under abiotic stress? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108313. [PMID: 38171136 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are in constant communication to coordinate development processes and environmental reactions. Under stressful conditions, such communication allows the plant cells to adjust their activities and development. This is due to intercellular signaling events which involve several components. In plant development, cell-to-cell signaling is ensured by mobile signals hormones, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), or hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as several transcription factors and small RNAs. Mineral nutrients, including macro and microelements, are determinant factors for plant growth and development and are, currently, recognized as potential signal molecules. This review aims to highlight the role of nutrients, particularly calcium, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron as signaling components with special attention to the mechanism of response against stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Houmani
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang T, Chen X, Ju C, Wang C. Calcium signaling in plant mineral nutrition: From uptake to transport. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100678. [PMID: 37635354 PMCID: PMC10721523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess of available mineral elements in plants. Among the essential nutrients, calcium (Ca2+) stands out as a prominent second messenger that plays crucial roles in response to extracellular stimuli in all eukaryotes. Distinct Ca2+ signatures with unique parameters are induced by different stresses and deciphered by various Ca2+ sensors. Recent research on the participation of Ca2+ signaling in regulation of mineral elements has made great progress. In this review, we focus on the impact of Ca2+ signaling on plant mineral uptake and detoxification. Specifically, we emphasize the significance of Ca2+ signaling for regulation of plant mineral nutrition and delve into key points and novel avenues for future investigations, aiming to offer new insights into plant ion homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ju
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fu D, You Z, Huang P, Gao H, Zhang Z, Wang C. Calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK21 and CPK23 phosphorylate and activate the iron-regulated transporter IRT1 to regulate iron deficiency in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2646-2662. [PMID: 37286859 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms. Fe availability in the soil is usually much lower than that required for plant growth, and Fe deficiencies seriously restrict crop growth and yield. Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger in all eukaryotes; however, it remains largely unknown how Ca2+ regulates Fe deficiency. In this study, mutations in CPK21 and CPK23, which are two highly homologous calcium-dependent protein kinases, conferredimpaired growth and rootdevelopment under Fe-deficient conditions, whereas constitutively active CPK21 and CPK23 enhanced plant tolerance to Fe-deficient conditions. Furthermore, we found that CPK21 and CPK23 interacted with and phosphorylated the Fe transporter IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) at the Ser149 residue. Biochemical analyses and complementation of Fe transport in yeast and plants indicated that IRT1 Ser149 is critical for IRT1 transport activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the CPK21/23-IRT1 signaling pathway is critical for Fe homeostasis in plants and provides targets for improving Fe-deficient environments and breeding crops resistant to Fe-deficient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Cheng J, Wang W, Gao Y, Xian X, Li C, Wang Y. Transcription factors dealing with Iron-deficiency stress in plants: focus on the bHLH transcription factor family. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14091. [PMID: 38148182 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe), as an important micronutrient element necessary for plant growth and development, not only participates in multiple physiological and biochemical reactions in cells but also exerts a crucial role in respiration and photosynthetic electron transport. Since Fe is mainly present in the soil in the form of iron hydroxide, Fe deficiency exists universally in plants and has become an important factor triggering crop yield reduction and quality decline. It has been shown that transcription factors (TFs), as an important part of plant signaling pathways, not only coordinate the internal signals of different interaction partners during plant development, but also participate in plant responses to biological and abiotic stresses, such as Fe deficiency stress. Here, the role of bHLH transcription factors in the regulation of Fe homeostasis (mainly Fe uptake) is discussed with emphasis on the functions of MYB, WRKY and other TFs in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. This review provides a theoretical basis for further studies on the regulation of TFs in Fe deficiency stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xulin Xian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cailong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Hussian J, Tang Y, Liu S, Qi G. Calcium signaling-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during abiotic stress response in plants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:210. [PMID: 37728763 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger in plants growth and development, as well as in stress responses. The transient elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration have been reported to be involved in plants response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In plants, Ca2+-induced transcriptional changes trigger molecular mechanisms by which plants adapt and respond to environment stresses. The mechanism for transcription regulation by Ca2+ could be either rapid in which Ca2+ signals directly cause the related response through the gene transcript and protein activities, or involved amplification of Ca2+ signals by up-regulation the expression of Ca2+ responsive genes, and then increase the transmission of Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ regulates the expression of genes by directly binding to the transcription factors (TFs), or indirectly through its sensors like calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL). In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of Ca2+-mediated transcriptional regulation in different processes in plants. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of Ca2+-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants in response to abiotic stresses including nutrition deficiency, temperature stresses (like heat and cold), dehydration stress, osmotic stress, hypoxic, salt stress, acid rain, and heavy metal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jamshaid Hussian
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoning Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robe K, Barberon M. Nutrient carriers at the heart of plant nutrition and sensing. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102376. [PMID: 37182415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants require water and several essential nutrients for their development. The radial transport of nutrients from the soil to the root vasculature is achieved through a combination of three different pathways: apoplastic, symplastic, and transcellular. A common feature for these pathways is the requirement of carriers to transport nutrients across the plasma membrane. An efficient transport of nutrients across the root cell layers relies on a large number of carriers, each of them having their own substrate specificity, tissular and subcellular localization. Polarity is also emerging as a major feature allowing their function. Recent advances on radial transport of nutrients, especially carrier mediated nutrient transport will be discussed in this review, as well as the role of transporters as nutrient sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radani Y, Li R, Korboe HM, Ma H, Yang L. Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Plant bHLH Transcription Factors during the Response to Environmental Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112113. [PMID: 37299095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted to identify and characterize various plant transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses. Therefore, numerous efforts have been made to improve plant stress tolerance by engineering these transcription factor genes. The plant basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor family represents one of the most prominent gene families and contains a bHLH motif that is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. By binding to specific positions in promoters, they activate or repress the transcription of specific response genes and thus affect multiple variables in plant physiology such as the response to abiotic stresses, which include drought, climatic variations, mineral deficiencies, excessive salinity, and water stress. The regulation of bHLH transcription factors is crucial to better control their activity. On the one hand, they are regulated at the transcriptional level by other upstream components; on the other hand, they undergo various modifications such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and glycosylation at the post-translational level. Modified bHLH transcription factors can form a complex regulatory network to regulate the expression of stress response genes and thus determine the activation of physiological and metabolic reactions. This review article focuses on the structural characteristics, classification, function, and regulatory mechanism of bHLH transcription factor expression at the transcriptional and post-translational levels during their responses to various abiotic stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Radani
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rongxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Harriet Mateko Korboe
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adavi B S, Pandesha PH, B J, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V, Sathee L. Nitrate supply regulates tissue calcium abundance and transcript level of Calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene family in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107724. [PMID: 37172401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most ubiquitous signalling molecule and is sensed by different classes of Ca2+ sensor proteins. Recent evidences underscore the role of calcium signalling in plant response to nitrogen/nitrate supply. Recently we found that under nitrate deficiency, a short-term supply of calcium could improve the plant biomass, nitrate assimilation, anthocyanin accumulation and expression of nitrate uptake and signalling genes. Long-term calcium supply, on the other hand, was not beneficial. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins are one of the vital plant Ca2+ sensory protein family which is essential for stress perception and signaling. To understand the dynamics of CBL-mediated stress signalling in bread wheat, we identified CBL genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its progenitors, namely Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii with the aid of newly available whole-genome sequence. The expression of different CBLs and the changes in root Ca2+ localization in response to nitrate provision or deficiency were analysed. Expression of the CBLs were studied in two bread wheat genotypes with comparatively higher (B.T. Schomburgk, BTS) and lower (Gluyas early, GE) nitrate responsiveness and nitrogen use efficiency. High N promoted the expression of CBLs in seedling leaves while in roots the expression was promoted by N deficiency. At the 5 days after anthesis stage, nitrate starvation downregulated the expression of CBLs while nitrate supply enhanced the expression. At anthesis stage, expression of CBL6 was significantly promoted by HN in panicles of both the genotypes, the highest expression was recorded in BTS. Expression of CBL6 was significantly upregulated by short term nitrate treatment also suggesting its role in Primary nitrate response (PNR) in wheat. There was a significant down regulation of CBL6 expression post nitrate starvation, making it a probable regulator of nitrogen starvation response (NSR) as well. In seedling roots, the tissue localization of Ca2+ was increased both by high and low nitrate treatments, albeit at different magnitudes. Our results suggest that calcium signalling might be a major signalling pathway governing nitrogen responsiveness and CBL6 might be playing pivotal role in NSR and PNR in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagadhesan B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hornbergs J, Montag K, Loschwitz J, Mohr I, Poschmann G, Schnake A, Gratz R, Brumbarova T, Eutebach M, Angrand K, Fink-Straube C, Stühler K, Zeier J, Hartmann L, Strodel B, Ivanov R, Bauer P. SEC14-GOLD protein PATELLIN2 binds IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 linking root iron uptake to vitamin E. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:504-526. [PMID: 36493393 PMCID: PMC10152663 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organisms require micronutrients, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) is essential for iron (Fe2+) acquisition into root cells. Uptake of reactive Fe2+ exposes cells to the risk of membrane lipid peroxidation. Surprisingly little is known about how this is avoided. IRT1 activity is controlled by an intracellular variable region (IRT1vr) that acts as a regulatory protein interaction platform. Here, we describe that IRT1vr interacted with peripheral plasma membrane SEC14-Golgi dynamics (SEC14-GOLD) protein PATELLIN2 (PATL2). SEC14 proteins bind lipophilic substrates and transport or present them at the membrane. To date, no direct roles have been attributed to SEC14 proteins in Fe import. PATL2 affected root Fe acquisition responses, interacted with ROS response proteins in roots, and alleviated root lipid peroxidation. PATL2 had high affinity in vitro for the major lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E compound α-tocopherol. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insight into energetic constraints and the orientation and stability of the PATL2-ligand interaction in atomic detail. Hence, this work highlights a compelling mechanism connecting vitamin E with root metal ion transport at the plasma membrane with the participation of an IRT1-interacting and α-tocopherol-binding SEC14 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hornbergs
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Karolin Montag
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Inga Mohr
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Anika Schnake
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Monique Eutebach
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kalina Angrand
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song H, Geng Q, Wu X, Hu M, Ye M, Yu X, Chen Y, Xu J, Jiang L, Cao S. The transcription factor MYC1 interacts with FIT to negatively regulate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:193-208. [PMID: 36721966 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an indispensable trace mineral element for the normal growth of plants, and it is involved in different biological processes; Fe shortage in plants can induce chlorosis and yield loss. The objective of this research is to identify novel genes that participated in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. A basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC1) was identified to be interacting with the FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT) using a yeast-two-hybrid assay. Transcript-level analysis showed that there was a decrease in MYC1 expression in Arabidopsis to cope with Fe-deficiency stress. Functional deficiency of MYC1 in Arabidopsis leads to an increase in Fe-deficiency tolerance and Fe-accumulation, whereas MYC1-overexpressing plants have an enhanced sensitivity to Fe-deficiency stress. Additionally, MYC1 inhibited the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, which suppressed the expressed level for Fe acquisition genes FRO2 and IRT1 during Fe-deficiency stress. These results showed that MYC1 functions as a negative modulator of the Fe-deficiency stress response by inhibiting the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, thereby suppressing the binding of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers to the promoters of FRO2 and IRT1 to modulate Fe intake during Fe-deficiency stress. Overall, the findings of this study elucidated the role of MYC1 in coping with Fe-deficiency stress, and provided potential targets for the developing of crop varieties resistant to Fe-deficiency stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qingliu Geng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jiena Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Q, Zhai L, Zhao D, Gao M, Wu Y, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wang Y. Kinase MxMPK4-1 and calmodulin-binding protein MxIQM3 enhance apple root acidification during Fe deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1968-1984. [PMID: 36534987 PMCID: PMC10022619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a long-standing issue in plant mineral nutrition. Ca2+ signals and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade are frequently activated in parallel to perceive external cues, but their interplay under Fe deficiency stress remains largely unclear. Here, the kinase MxMPK4-1, which is induced during the response to Fe deficiency stress in apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis, cooperates with IQ-motif containing protein3 (MxIQM3). MxIQM3 gene expression, protein abundance, and phosphorylation level increased under Fe deficiency stress. The overexpression of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks mitigated the Fe deficiency phenotype and improved stress tolerance, whereas RNA interference or silencing of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks, respectively, worsened the phenotype and reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency. MxMPK4-1 interacted with MxIQM3 and subsequently phosphorylated MxIQM3 at Ser393, and co-expression of MxMPK4-1 and MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks enhanced Fe deficiency responses. Furthermore, MxIQM3 interacted with the central-loop region of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase MxHA2. Phospho-mimicking mutation of MxIQM3 at Ser393 inhibited binding to MxHA2, but phospho-abolishing mutation promoted interaction with both the central-loop and C terminus of MxHA2, demonstrating phosphorylation of MxIQM3 caused dissociation from MxHA2 and therefore increased H+ secretion. Moreover, Ca2+/MxCAM7 (Calmodulin7) regulated the MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 module in response to Fe deficiency stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 forms a functional complex and positively regulates PM H+-ATPase activity in Fe deficiency responses, revealing a versatile mechanism of Ca2+/MxCAM7 signaling and MAPK cascade under Fe deficiency stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Danrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang T, Wang J, Zhang D, Chen L, Liu M, Zhang X, Schmidt W, Zhang WH. Protein kinase MtCIPK12 modulates iron reduction in Medicago truncatula by regulating riboflavin biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:991-1003. [PMID: 36578264 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, and deficiency in available Fe is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth. In some species including Medicago truncatula, Fe deficiency results in accumulation of riboflavin, a response associated with Fe acquisition. However, how the plant's Fe status is integrated to tune riboflavin biosynthesis and how riboflavin levels affect Fe acquisition and utilization remains largely unexplored. We report that protein kinase CIPK12 regulates ferric reduction by accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots of M. truncatula via physiological and molecular characterization of its mutants and over-expressing materials. Mutations in CIPK12 enhance Fe accumulation and improve photosynthetic efficiency, whereas overexpression of CIPK12 shows the opposite phenotypes. The Calcineurin B-like proteins CBL3 and CBL8 interact with CIPK12, which negatively regulates the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. CIPK12 negatively regulates Fe acquisition by suppressing accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots, which in turn influences ferric reduction activity by riboflavin-dependent electron transport under Fe deficiency. Our findings uncover a new regulatory mechanism by which CIPK12 regulates riboflavin biosynthesis and Fe-deficiency responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gautam H, Sharma A, Trivedi PK. Plant microProteins and miPEPs: Small molecules with much bigger roles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111519. [PMID: 36330966 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant science community has identified various regulatory components involved in gene expression. With the advancement of approaches and technologies, new layers of gene regulation have been identified, which play essential roles in fine-tuning biological processes. In this area, recently, small peptides emerged as key regulators in gene regulation to control developmental and physiological processes in plants. Various small peptides have also been identified and characterized to elucidate their roles. A class of small peptides, microProteins (miPs), have been shown to contain at least a protein-protein interaction domain with the potential to regulate multi-domain proteins by becoming a part of protein complexes. Recent studies suggest that some pri-miRNAs encode peptides (miPEPs), which are essential components in plant growth and development. This review provides updates about these small peptides, in general, summarizing their potential role in gene regulation and possible mechanism(s) in plants. We also propose that in-depth research on newly identified plant peptides in crops help to provide solutions enabling sustainable agriculture and food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Gautam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nitrate availability controls translocation of the transcription factor NAC075 for cell-type-specific reprogramming of root growth. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2638-2651.e6. [PMID: 36473460 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant root architecture flexibly adapts to changing nitrate (NO3-) availability in the soil; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of this adaptive development remains under-studied. To explore the regulation of NO3--mediated root growth, we screened for low-nitrate-resistant mutant (lonr) and identified mutants that were defective in the NAC transcription factor NAC075 (lonr1) as being less sensitive to low NO3- in terms of primary root growth. We show that NAC075 is a mobile transcription factor relocating from the root stele tissues to the endodermis based on NO3- availability. Under low-NO3- availability, the kinase CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1) is activated, and it phosphorylates NAC075, restricting its movement from the stele, which leads to the transcriptional regulation of downstream target WRKY53, consequently leading to adapted root architecture. Our work thus identifies an adaptive mechanism involving translocation of transcription factor based on nutrient availability and leading to cell-specific reprogramming of plant root growth.
Collapse
|
25
|
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the orphan crop tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) under long-term low calcium stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19552. [PMID: 36380130 PMCID: PMC9666473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is one of the essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. However, the effects of long-term Ca2+ deficiency in orphan crops such as Tef [(Eragrostis tef) (Zucc.) Trotter], which accumulate high levels of Ca in the grains, remained unknown. Tef is a staple crop for nearly 70 million people in East Africa, particularly in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is one of the most nutrient-dense grains, and is also more resistant to marginal soils and climatic conditions than main cereals like corn, wheat, and rice. In this study, tef plants were grown in a hydroponic solution containing optimum (1 mM) or low (0.01 mM) Ca2+, and plant growth parameters and whole-genome transcriptome were analyzed. Ca+2-deficient plants exhibited leaf necrosis, leaf curling, and growth stunting symptoms. Ca2+ deficiency significantly decreased root and shoot Ca, potassium (K), and copper content in both root and shoots. At the same time, it greatly increased root iron (Fe) content, suggesting the role of Ca2+ in the uptake and/or translocation of these minerals. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq revealed that members of Ca2+ channels, including the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and glutamate receptor-like channels, Ca2+-transporters, Ca2+-binding proteins and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases were differentially regulated by Ca+2 treatment. Moreover, several Fe/metal transporters, including members of vacuolar Fe transporters, yellow stripe-like, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein, and oligo-peptide transporters, were differentially regulated between shoot and root in response to Ca2+ treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that Ca2+ deficiency affects plant growth and mineral accumulation by regulating the transcriptomes of several transporters and signaling genes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen L, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jiang F, Zhou F, Liu Q, Fan Y, Liu T, Tu W, Walther D, Song B. Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals a calcineurin B-like gene to positively regulate constitutive and acclimated freezing tolerance in potato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3305-3321. [PMID: 36041917 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is a major limiting factor in crop production. To increase frost-hardiness of crops via breeding, deciphering the genes conferring freezing-tolerance is vital. Potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) are generally freezing-sensitive, but some potato wild species are freezing-tolerant, including Solanum commersonii, Solanum malmeanum and Solanum acaule. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms conferring the freezing-tolerance to the wild species remain to be deciphered. In this study, five representative genotypes of the above-mentioned species with distinct freezing-tolerance were investigated. Comparative transcriptomics analysis showed that SaCBL1-like (calcineurin B-like protein) was upregulated substantially in all of the freezing-tolerant genotypes. Transgenic overexpression and known-down lines of SaCBL1-like were examined. SaCBL1-like was shown to confer freezing-tolerance without significantly impacting main agricultural traits. A functional mechanism analysis showed that SaCBL1-like increases the expression of the C-repeat binding factor-regulon as well as causes a prolonged higher expression of CBF1 after exposure to cold conditions. Furthermore, SaCBL1-like was found to only interact with SaCIPK3-1 (CBL-interacting protein kinase) among all apparent cold-responsive SaCIPKs. Our study identifies SaCBL1-like to play a vital role in conferring freezing tolerance in potato, which may provide a basis for a targeted potato breeding for frost-hardiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Structural basis for the activity regulation of a potassium channel AKT1 from Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5682. [PMID: 36167696 PMCID: PMC9515098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel AKT1 is responsible for primary K+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots. AKT1 is functionally activated through phosphorylation and negatively regulated by a potassium channel α-subunit AtKC1. However, the molecular basis for the modulation mechanism remains unclear. Here we report the structures of AKT1, phosphorylated-AKT1, a constitutively-active variant, and AKT1-AtKC1 complex. AKT1 is assembled in 2-fold symmetry at the cytoplasmic domain. Such organization appears to sterically hinder the reorientation of C-linkers during ion permeation. Phosphorylated-AKT1 adopts an alternate 4-fold symmetric conformation at cytoplasmic domain, which indicates conformational changes associated with symmetry switch during channel activation. To corroborate this finding, we perform structure-guided mutagenesis to disrupt the dimeric interface and identify a constitutively-active variant Asp379Ala mediates K+ permeation independently of phosphorylation. This variant predominantly adopts a 4-fold symmetric conformation. Furthermore, the AKT1-AtKC1 complex assembles in 2-fold symmetry. Together, our work reveals structural insight into the regulatory mechanism for AKT1. Arabidopsis thaliana potassium channel AKT1 is responsible for primary K + uptake from soil, which is functionally activated through phosphorylation and negatively regulated by an α-subunit AtKC1. Here, the authors report the structures of AKT1 at different states, revealing a 2- fold to 4-fold symmetry switch at cytoplasmic domain associated with AKT1 activity regulation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liang G. Iron uptake, signaling, and sensing in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100349. [PMID: 35706354 PMCID: PMC9483112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects the growth and development of plants because it participates as a cofactor in numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. As a transition metal, Fe is redox active. Fe often exists in soil in the form of insoluble ferric hydroxides that are not bioavailable to plants. Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure an adequate supply of Fe in a fluctuating environment. Plants can sense Fe status and modulate the transcription of Fe uptake-associated genes, finally controlling Fe uptake from soil to root. There is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanisms by which plants maintain Fe homeostasis in response to Fe fluctuations. This review focuses on recent advances in elucidating the functions of Fe signaling components. Taking Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, this review begins by discussing the Fe acquisition systems that control Fe uptake from soil, the major components that regulate Fe uptake systems, and the perception of Fe status. Future explorations of Fe signal transduction will pave the way for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of plant Fe homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li W, Han X, Lan P. Emerging roles of protein phosphorylation in plant iron homeostasis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:908-921. [PMID: 35414480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis in plants, especially the identification of key transporter and transcriptional regulatory networks. But how the protein activity of these master players is regulated by Fe status remains underexplored. Recent studies show that major players toggle switch their properties by protein phosphorylation under different Fe conditions and consequently control the signaling cascade and metabolic adjustment. Moreover, Fe deficiency causes changes of multiple kinases and phosphatases. Here, we discuss how these findings highlight the emergence of the protein phosphorylation-dependent regulation for rapid and precise responses to Fe status to attain Fe homeostasis. Further studies will be needed to fully understand the regulation of these intricate networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiuwen Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ye J, Wang Y, Li X, Wan Q, Zhang Y, Lu L. Synergistic Antifungal Effect of a Combination of Iron Deficiency and Calcium Supplementation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0112122. [PMID: 35674440 PMCID: PMC9241635 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01121-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases have become a major public health issue worldwide. Increasing drug resistance and the limited number of available antifungals result in high morbidity and mortality. Metal-based drugs have been reported to be therapeutic agents against major protozoan diseases, but knowledge of their ability to function as antifungals is limited. In this study, we found that calcium supplementation combined with iron deficiency causes dramatic growth inhibition of the human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Calcium induces the downregulation of iron uptake-related genes and, in particular, causes a decrease in the expression of the transcription factor HapX, which tends to transcriptionally activate siderophore-mediated iron acquisition under iron-deficient conditions. Iron deficiency causes calcium overload and the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and perturbed ion homeostasis suppresses fungal growth. These phenomena are consistently identified in azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. The findings here imply that low iron availability lets cells mistakenly absorb calcium as a substitute, causing calcium abnormalities. Thus, there is a mutual effect between iron and calcium in fungal pathogens, and the combination of calcium with an iron chelator could serve to improve antifungal therapy. IMPORTANCE Millions of immunocompromised people are at a higher risk of developing different types of severe fungal diseases. The limited number of antifungals and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance highlight an urgent need for new strategies against invasive fungal infections. Here, we report that calcium can interfere with iron absorption of fungal pathogens, especially in iron-limited environments. Thus, a combination of calcium supplementation with an iron chelator inhibits the growth of human fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Moreover, we demonstrate that iron deficiency induces a nonspecific calcium uptake response, which results in toxic levels of metal. Findings in this study suggest that a microenvironment with excess calcium and limited iron is an efficient strategy to curb the growth of fungal pathogens, especially for drug-resistant isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyi Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lichtblau DM, Schwarz B, Baby D, Endres C, Sieberg C, Bauer P. The Iron Deficiency-Regulated Small Protein Effector FEP3/IRON MAN1 Modulates Interaction of BRUTUS-LIKE1 With bHLH Subgroup IVc and POPEYE Transcription Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930049. [PMID: 35755670 PMCID: PMC9226616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In light of climate change and human population growth one of the most challenging tasks is to generate plants that are Fe-efficient, resilient to low Fe supply and Fe-biofortified. For such endeavors, it is crucial to understand the regulation of Fe acquisition and allocation in plants. One open question is how identified Fe-regulatory proteins comprising positive and negative regulators act together to steer Fe homeostasis. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the subgroups IVb and IVc can initiate a bHLH cascade controlling the -Fe response in roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the -Fe-induced genes are sub-divided into several gene co-expression clusters controlled by different sets of TFs. Some of the co-expressed genes encode regulatory E3 ligase proteins BRUTUS (BTS)/BTS-LIKE (BTSL) and small proteins belonging to the group of FE UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE/IRON MAN (FEP/IMA). Recently, it was described that FEP1/IMA3 and FEP3/IMA1 proteins inhibit the repression of bHLH factors by BTS. We had postulated that -Fe-regulated co-expression clusters provide new information about regulatory protein interaction complexes. Here, we report a targeted yeast two-hybrid screen among 23 proteins of the -Fe response. This identified a novel protein interactome involving another E3 ligase, namely BTSL1, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein POPEYE (PYE) and transcription factors of the subgroup IVc as well as FEP3/IMA1. Because of the difficulty in stable BTSL1 protein expression in plant cells, we used a yeast two hybrid-based deletion mapping, homology modeling and molecular docking, to pinpoint interaction sites in BTSL1 and FEP3/IMA1. bHLH IVc TFs have similar residues at their C-terminus as FEP3/IMA1 interacting sites. FEP3/IMA1 attenuated interaction of BTSL1 and bHLH proteins in a yeast three-hybrid assay, in line with physiological data pointing to enhanced Fe acquisition and allocation in FEP3/IMA1 overexpression and btsl1 btsl2 mutant plants. Hence, exploiting -Fe-induced gene co-expression networks identified FEP3/IMA1 as a small effector protein that binds and inhibits the BTSL1 complex with PYE and bHLH subgroup IVc proteins. Structural analysis resolved interaction sites. This information helps improving models of Fe regulation and identifying novel targets for breeding of Fe-efficient crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birte Schwarz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dibin Baby
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Endres
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christin Sieberg
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Du Q, Lv W, Guo Y, Yang J, Wang S, Li WX. MIR164b represses iron uptake by regulating the NAC domain transcription factor5-Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit A8 module in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1095-1109. [PMID: 35285505 PMCID: PMC9157116 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the secondary responses to oxidative damage caused by iron (Fe) excess. However, the functional importance of miRNAs in plant responses to Fe deficiency remains to be explored. Here, we show that the expression level of miR164 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots was repressed by Fe deficiency. Primary root length, lateral root number, ferric reductase activity, and mRNA abundance of IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) and FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE2 (FRO2) were higher in the mir164b mutant than in the wild-type (WT) under Fe-deficient conditions. Analysis of the Fe concentrations and ferric reductase activities in the roots of miR164 knockdown transgenic plants showed that members of the miR164 family had different functions in Fe-deficiency responses. Promoter::GUS analysis showed that NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factor5 (NAC5) is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels under Fe-deficient conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing NAC5 were more tolerant of Fe deficiency than the WT. NAC5 has transactivation activity and directly transactivates the expression of Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit A8 (NFYA8), as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Like overexpression of NAC5, overexpression of NFYA8 increases primary root length, lateral root number, ferric reductase activity, and mRNA abundance of IRT1 and FRO2 under Fe-deficient conditions. Thus, MIR164b is important for Fe-deficiency responses by its regulation of the NAC5-NFYA8 module.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenshuai Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
New functions of CIPK gene family are continue to emerging. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6647-6658. [PMID: 35229240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CIPK protein family is a key protein family in Ca2+ mediated plant signaling pathway, which plays an indispensable role in plant response to stress and development. Every gene in this family encodes specific proteins. They interact with calcium ion signals, make plants to deal with various stress or stimuli. This article mainly reviews the mechanism, positioning and physiological functions of the CIPK family in different species in recent years. According to our team's research, CIPK8 interacts with CBL5 to improve salt tolerance, and CIPK23 interacts with TGA1 to regulate nitrate uptake negatively in chrysanthemum. In addition, we discussed current limitations and future research directions. The article will enhance the understanding of the functional characteristics of the CIPK gene family under different stresses, provide insights for future breeding and the development of new crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vélez-Bermúdez IC, Schmidt W. How Plants Recalibrate Cellular Iron Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 36:154-162. [PMID: 35048128 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient iron supply poses severe constraints on plants, restricting species with inefficient iron uptake mechanisms from habitats with low iron availability and causing yield losses in agricultural ecosystems. Iron deficiency also poses a severe threat on human health. Anemia resulting from insufficient iron intake is affecting one of four people in the world. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the mechanisms by which plants acquire iron against a huge soil-cell gradient and how iron is distributed within the plant to develop strategies that increase its concentration in edible plant parts. Research into the processes that are employed by plants to adjust cellular iron homeostasis revealed an astonishingly complex puzzle of signaling nodes and circuits, which are intertwined with the perception and communication of other environmental cues such as pathogens, light, nutrient availability and edaphic factors such as pH. In a recent Spotlight issue in this journal, a collection of review articles summarized the state-of-the-art in plant iron research, covering the most active and, debatably, most important topics in this field. Here, we highlight breakthroughs that were reported after the publication date of this review collection, focusing on exciting and potentially influential studies that have changed our understanding of plant iron nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Lei R, Pu M, Cai Y, Lu C, Li Z, Liang G. bHLH11 inhibits bHLH IVc proteins by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED corepressors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1335-1349. [PMID: 34894263 PMCID: PMC8825326 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and development. Many transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. bHLH11 is a negative TF that regulates Fe homeostasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we generated two loss-of-function bhlh11 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which display enhanced sensitivity to excess Fe, increased Fe accumulation, and elevated expression of Fe deficiency responsive genes. Levels of bHLH11 protein, localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, decreased in response to Fe deficiency. Co-expression assays indicated that bHLH IVc TFs (bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115) facilitate the nuclear accumulation of bHLH11. Further analysis indicated that bHLH11 represses the transactivity of bHLH IVc TFs toward bHLH Ib genes (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101). The two ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression motifs of bHLH11 provided the repression function by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPRs) corepressors. Correspondingly, the expression of Fe uptake genes increased in the tpr1 tpr4 tpl mutant. Moreover, genetic analysis revealed that bHLH11 has functions independent of FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. This study provides insights into the complicated Fe homeostasis signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Rihua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Mengna Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuerong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengkai Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hodgens C, Akpa BS, Long TA. Solving the puzzle of Fe homeostasis by integrating molecular, mathematical, and societal models. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102149. [PMID: 34839201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ensure optimal utilization and bioavailability, iron uptake, transport, subcellular localization, and assimilation are tightly regulated in plants. Herein, we examine recent advances in our understanding of cellular responses to Fe deficiency. We then use intracellular mechanisms of Fe homeostasis to discuss how formalizing cell biology knowledge via a mathematical model can advance discovery even when quantitative data is limited. Using simulation-based inference to identify plausible systems mechanisms that conform to known emergent phenotypes can yield novel, testable hypotheses to guide targeted experiments. However, this approach relies on the accurate encoding of domain-expert knowledge in exploratory mathematical models. We argue that this would be facilitated by fostering more "systems thinking" life scientists and that diversifying your research team may be a practical path to achieve that goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hodgens
- Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Belinda S Akpa
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Terri A Long
- Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Verma P, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK. Ca 2+-CBL-CIPK: a modulator system for efficient nutrient acquisition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2111-2122. [PMID: 34415375 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger essential for the growth and development of plants in normal and stress situations. In plants, the proteins, CBL (calcineurin B-like) and CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinase), form one of the important Ca2+ decoding complexes to decipher Ca2+ signals elicited by environmental challenges. Multiple interactors distinguish CBL and CIPK protein family members to form a signaling network for regulated perception and transduction of environmental signals, e.g., signals generated under nutrient stress conditions. Conservation of equilibrium in response to varying soil nutrient status is an important aspect for plant vigor and yield. Signaling processes have been reported to observe nutrient fluctuations as a signal responsible for regulated nutrient transport adaptation. Recent studies have identified downstream targets of CBL-CIPK modules as ion channels or transporters and their association in signaling nutrient disposal including potassium, nitrate, ammonium, magnesium, zinc, boron, and iron. Ca2+-CBL-CIPK pathway modulates ion transporters/channels and hence maintains a homeostasis of several important plant nutrients in the cytosol and sub-cellular compartments. In this article, we summarize recent literature to discuss the role of the Ca2+-CBL-CIPK pathway in cellular osmoregulation and homeostasis on exposure to nutrient excess or deprived soils. This further establishes a link between taking up the nutrient in the roots and its distribution and homeostasis during the generation of signal for the development and survival of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Verma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fan X, Zhou X, Chen H, Tang M, Xie X. Cross-Talks Between Macro- and Micronutrient Uptake and Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663477. [PMID: 34721446 PMCID: PMC8555580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, land plants as sessile organisms are faced with multiple nutrient stresses that often occur simultaneously in soil. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are five of the essential nutrients that affect plant growth and health. Although these minerals are relatively inaccessible to plants due to their low solubility and relative immobilization, plants have adopted coping mechanisms for survival under multiple nutrient stress conditions. The double interactions between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe have long been recognized in plants at the physiological level. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying these cross-talks in plants remain poorly understood. This review preliminarily examined recent progress and current knowledge of the biochemical and physiological interactions between macro- and micro-mineral nutrients in plants and aimed to focus on the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe uptake and homeostasis in plants. More importantly, we further reviewed current studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe homeostasis to better understand how these nutrient interactions affect the mineral uptake and signaling in plants. This review serves as a basis for further studies on multiple nutrient stress signaling in plants. Overall, the development of an integrative study of multiple nutrient signaling cross-talks in plants will be of important biological significance and crucial to sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gratz R, von der Mark C, Ivanov R, Brumbarova T. Fe acquisition at the crossroad of calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102048. [PMID: 34015752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to its redox properties, iron is both essential and toxic. Therefore, soil iron availability variations pose a significant problem for plants. Recent evidence suggests that calcium and reactive oxygen species coordinate signaling events related to soil iron acquisition. Calcium was found to affect directly IRT1-mediated iron import through the lipid-binding protein EHB1 and to trigger a CBL-CIPK-mediated signaling influencing the activity of the key iron-acquisition transcription factor FIT. In parallel, under prolonged iron deficiency, reactive oxygen species both inhibit FIT function and depend on FIT through the function of the catalase CAT2. We discuss the role of calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling in iron acquisition, with post-translational mechanisms influencing the localization and activity of iron-acquisition regulators and effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Gratz
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claudia von der Mark
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qian Y, Zhang T, Yu Y, Gou L, Yang J, Xu J, Pi E. Regulatory Mechanisms of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Adaptive Responses to Various Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:677611. [PMID: 34220896 PMCID: PMC8250158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bHLHs) comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. They have been shown to be involved in responses to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heavy metal toxicity, iron deficiency, and osmotic damages. By specifically binding to cis-elements in the promoter region of stress related genes, bHLHs can regulate their transcriptional expression, thereby regulating the plant's adaptive responses. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of bHLHs, the regulatory mechanism of how bHLHs are involved transcriptional activation, and the mechanism of how bHLHs regulate the transcription of target genes under various stresses. Finally, as increasing research demonstrates that flavonoids are usually induced under fluctuating environments, the latest research progress and future research prospects are described on the mechanisms of how flavonoid biosynthesis is regulated by bHLHs in the regulation of the plant's responses to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun WJ, Zhang JC, Ji XL, Feng ZQ, Wang X, Huang WJ, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. Low nitrate alleviates iron deficiency by regulating iron homeostasis in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1869-1884. [PMID: 33459386 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth, development and metabolism. Due to its lack of solubility and low bioavailability in soil, Fe levels are usually far below the optimum amount for most plants' growth and development. In apple production, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer may cause iron chlorosis symptoms in the newly growing leaves, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. In this study, low nitrate (NO3- , LN) application alleviated the symptoms of Fe deficiency and promoted lower rhizosphere pH, which was beneficial for root Fe acquisition. At the same time, LN treatment increased citrate and abscisic acid accumulation in roots, which promoted Fe transport from root to shoot and maintained Fe homeostasis. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that nitrate application caused differential expression of genes related to Fe uptake and transport, as well as transcriptional regulators. In summary, our data reveal that low nitrate alleviated Fe deficiency through multiple pathways, demonstrating a new option for minimizing Fe deficiency by regulating the balance between nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Salver Group, Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao, China
| | - Jiu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xing-Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zi-Quan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wen-Jing Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin QJ, Kumar V, Chu J, Li ZM, Wu XX, Dong H, Sun Q, Xuan YH. CBL-interacting protein kinase 31 regulates rice resistance to blast disease by modulating cellular potassium levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 563:23-30. [PMID: 34058471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by infection with Magnaporthe oryzae, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, significantly reduces the yield production. However, the rice defense mechanism against blast disease remains elusive. To identify the genes involved in the regulation of rice defense to blast disease, dissociation (Ds) transposon tagging mutant lines were analyzed in terms of their response to M. oryzae isolate Guy11. Among them, CBL-interactingprotein kinase31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible than wild-type plants to blast. The CIPK31 transcript was found to be insensitive to Guy11 infection, and the CIPK31-GFP was localized to the cytosol and nucleus. Overexpression of CIPK31 promoted rice defense to blast. Further analysis indicated that CIPK31 interacts with Calcineurin B-like 2 (CBL2) and CBL6 at the plasma membrane, and cbl2 mutants are more susceptible to blast compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that calcium signaling might partially through the CBL2-CIPK31 signaling regulate rice defense. Yeast two-hybrid results showed that AKT1-like (AKT1L), a potential potassium (K+) channel protein, interacted with CIPK31, and the K+ level was significantly lower in the cipk31 mutants than in the wild-type control. In addition, exogenous potassium application increased rice resistance to blast, suggesting that CIPK31 might interact with AKT1L to increase K+ uptake, thereby promoting resistance to blast. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that CBL2-CIPK31-AKT1L is a new signaling pathway that regulates rice defense to blast disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zhi Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xian Xin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hai Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kanwar P, Baby D, Bauer P. Interconnection of iron and osmotic stress signalling in plants: is FIT a regulatory hub to cross-connect abscisic acid responses? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:31-38. [PMID: 33772999 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, have deleterious effects on uptake and translocation of essential mineral nutrients. Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient that regulates many processes in plants. Plants have adopted various molecular and physiological strategies for Fe acquisition from soil and transport to and within plants. Dynamic Fe signalling in plants tightly regulates Fe uptake and homeostasis. In this way, Fe nutrition is adjusted to growth and stress conditions, and Fe deficiency-regulated transcription factors, such as FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT), act as regulatory hubs in these responses. Here, we review and analyse expression of the various components of the Fe signalling during osmotic stresses. We discuss common players in the Fe and osmotic stress signalling. Furthermore, this review focuses on exploring a novel and exciting direct connection of regulatory mechanisms of Fe intake and acquisition with ABA-mediated environmental stress cues, like salt/drought. We propose a model that discuss how environmental stress affects Fe uptake and acquisition and vice versa at molecular-physiological levels in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kanwar
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Baby
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Riaz N, Guerinot ML. All together now: regulation of the iron deficiency response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2045-2055. [PMID: 33449088 PMCID: PMC7966950 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the essential micronutrients required by both plants and animals. In humans, Fe deficiency causes anemia, the most prevalent nutritional disorder. Most people rely on plant-based foods as their major Fe source, but plants are a poor source of dietary Fe. Therefore, there is a critical need to better understand the mechanisms involved in the uptake and trafficking of Fe and how plants adapt to Fe deficiency. Fe participates in key cellular functions such as photosynthesis and respiration. Perturbations of Fe uptake, transport, or storage affect plant growth as well as crop yield and plant product quality. Excess Fe has toxic effects due to its high redox activity. Plants, therefore, tightly regulate Fe uptake, distribution, and allocation. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms involved at the transcriptional and post-translational levels that are critical to prevent Fe uptake except when plants experience Fe deficiency. We discuss the key regulatory network of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including FIT, subgroup Ib, subgroup IVc, and URI (bHLH121), crucial for regulating Fe uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we describe the regulators of these transcription factors that either activate or inhibit their function, ensuring optimal Fe uptake that is essential for plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Lou Guerinot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
von der Mark C, Ivanov R, Eutebach M, Maurino VG, Bauer P, Brumbarova T. Reactive oxygen species coordinate the transcriptional responses to iron availability in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2181-2195. [PMID: 33159788 PMCID: PMC7966954 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a central role in the regulation of plant responses to environmental stress. Under prolonged iron (Fe) deficiency, increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiate signaling events, resulting in the attenuation of Fe acquisition through the inhibition of FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT). As this H2O2 increase occurs in a FIT-dependent manner, our aim was to understand the processes involved in maintaining H2O2 levels under prolonged Fe deficiency and the role of FIT. We identified the CAT2 gene, encoding one of the three Arabidopsis catalase isoforms, as regulated by FIT. CAT2 loss-of-function plants displayed severe susceptibility to Fe deficiency and greatly increased H2O2 levels in roots. Analysis of the Fe homeostasis transcription cascade revealed that H2O2 influences the gene expression of downstream regulators FIT, BHLH genes of group Ib, and POPEYE (PYE); however, H2O2 did not affect their upstream regulators, such as BHLH104 and ILR3. Our data shows that FIT and CAT2 participate in a regulatory loop between H2O2 and prolonged Fe deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von der Mark
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monique Eutebach
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschalle 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gao F, Dubos C. Transcriptional integration of plant responses to iron availability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2056-2070. [PMID: 33246334 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron is one of the most important micronutrients for plant growth and development. It functions as the enzyme cofactor or component of electron transport chains in various vital metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, and amino acid biosynthesis. To maintain iron homeostasis, and therefore prevent any deficiency or excess that could be detrimental, plants have evolved complex transcriptional regulatory networks to tightly control iron uptake, translocation, assimilation, and storage. These regulatory networks are composed of various transcription factors; among them, members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family play an essential role. Here, we first review recent advances in understanding the roles of bHLH transcription factors involved in the regulatory cascade controlling iron homeostasis in the model plant Arabidopsis, and extend this understanding to rice and other plant species. The importance of other classes of transcription factors will also be discussed. Second, we elaborate on the post-translational mechanisms involved in the regulation of these regulatory networks. Finally, we provide some perspectives on future research that should be conducted in order to precisely understand how plants control the homeostasis of this micronutrient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Robe K, Izquierdo E, Vignols F, Rouached H, Dubos C. The Coumarins: Secondary Metabolites Playing a Primary Role in Plant Nutrition and Health. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:248-259. [PMID: 33246890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although abundant in soils, iron (Fe) is poorly bioavailable for plants. Improving Fe uptake in crops, enabling them to grow in Fe-depleted soils, has become a major focal interest. The secretion of Fe-mobilizing coumarins by plant roots recently emerged as an important factor allowing nongrass species to cope with low Fe bioavailability. The main molecular actors involved in the biosynthesis and secretion of coumarins have been identified, but the precise regulatory mechanisms that tune their production remain poorly understood. Here, we review the recent progress in coumarin synthesis and transport in plants and future research directions to gain knowledge of these mechanisms, which will offer novel opportunities for improving plant growth and health and for generating Fe-fortified crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robe
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Esther Izquierdo
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vignols
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christian Dubos
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dong Q, Bai B, Almutairi BO, Kudla J. Emerging roles of the CBL-CIPK calcium signaling network as key regulatory hub in plant nutrition. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153335. [PMID: 33388664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant physiology and development essentially depend on sufficient uptake of various essential nutritive ions via their roots and their appropriate transport and distribution within the organism. Many of these essential nutrients are heterogeneously distributed in the soil or are available in fluctuating concentrations. This natural situation requires constant regulatory adjustment and balancing of nutrient uptake and homeostasis. Here, we review recent findings on the role of Ca2+ signals and Ca2+-dependent regulation via the CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-protein kinase network in these processes. We put special emphasis on Ca2+ controlled processes that contribute to establishing the homeostasis of macro-nutrients like potassium (K+), nitrogen (N), and magnesium (Mg2+) and on the micro-nutrient iron (Fe). Increasing experimental evidence indicates the occurrence of nutrient-specific, spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations as early responses to nutrient fluctuations. Specific CBL-CIPK complexes translate these signals into phosphorylation regulation of important channels and transporters like AKT1, NPF6.3/NRT1.1, AMT1, SLAC1, TPK1 and IRT1. We discuss a crucial and coordinating role for these Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in regulating the sensing, uptake, distribution and storage of various ions. Finally, we reflect on the emerging multifaceted and potentially integrating role of the "nutrient" kinase CIPK23 in regulating multiple nutrient responses. From this inventory, we finally deduce potential mechanisms that can convey the coordinated regulation of distinct steps in the transport of one individual ion and mechanisms that can bring about the integration of adaptive responses to fluctuations of different ions to establish a faithfully balanced plant nutrient homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Dong
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Bowen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen WW, Zhu HH, Wang JY, Han GH, Huang RN, Hong YG, Yang JL. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Altered Fe-Deficiency Responses in Tomato Epimutant Colorless Non-ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:796893. [PMID: 35126421 PMCID: PMC8813752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms associated with the regulation of iron (Fe) homeostasis have been extensively examined, however, epigenetic regulation of these processes remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a naturally occurring epigenetic mutant, Colorless non-ripening (Cnr), displayed increased Fe-deficiency responses compared to its wild-type Ailsa Craig (AC). RNA-sequencing revealed that a total of 947 and 1,432 genes were up-regulated by Fe deficiency in AC and Cnr roots, respectively, while 923 and 1,432 genes were, respectively, down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that genes encoding enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors were preferentially affected by Fe deficiency. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed differential metabolic responses to Fe deficiency between AC and Cnr. Based on comparative transcriptomic analyses, 24 genes were identified as potential targets of Cnr epimutation, and many of them were found to be implicated in Fe homeostasis. By developing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing SlSPL-CNR knockout (KO) lines, we found that some Cnr-mediated Fe-deficiency responsive genes showed similar expression patterns between SlSPL-CNR KO plants and the Cnr epimutant. Moreover, both two KO lines displayed Fe-deficiency-induced chlorosis more severe than AC plants. Additionally, the Cnr mutant displayed hypermethylation in the 286-bp epi-mutated region on the SlSPL-CNR promoter, which contributes to repressed expression of SlSPL-CNR when compared with AC plants. However, Fe-deficiency induced no change in DNA methylation both at the 286-bp epi-allele region and the entire region of SlSPL-CNR gene. Taken together, using RNA-sequencing and genetic approaches, we identified Fe-deficiency responsive genes in tomato roots, and demonstrated that SlSPL-CNR is a novel regulator of Fe-deficiency responses in tomato, thereby, paving the way for further functional characterization and regulatory network dissection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao Han
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru Nan Huang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Yi Guo Hong,
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Li Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gu S, Wang X, Bai J, Wei T, Sun M, Zhu L, Wang M, Zhao Y, Wei W. The kinase CIPK11 functions as a positive regulator in cadmium stress response in Arabidopsis. Gene 2020; 772:145372. [PMID: 33346096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in agricultural soil has always been a knotty problem, which made it necessary to find the mechanism related to Cd transport in plant. In this study, we found a novel character of the CIPK11 modulating the transport of Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana. Over-expression of CIPK11 (CIPK11OE#1-7, CIPK11OE#8-5) resulted in the increased tolerance to Cd stress, which embodied in higher fresh weight, lower Cd enrichment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the wild-type (WT) plants. qRT-PCR results showed a collective down-regulation of the expression of IRT1 and transcription factor genes FIT, bHLH039 in the CIPK11-overexpression plants after Cd stress. Overexpression of CIPK11 significantly increased the expression of ABA marker genes in Arabidopsis after Cd stress. With different concentrations of ABA treatment, the root length differences caused by Cd stress could be recovered. However the transcription levels of FIT and bHLH039 decreased in WT and cipk11 mutant when treated with ABA which indicated that ABA can inhibit the transcription of IRT1 by repressing FIT and bHLH039 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the kinase CIPK11 responses to Cd stress by ABA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiuyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Manli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|