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Ozcevik Subasi D, Akca Sumengen A, Semerci R, Cakir GN. Effectiveness of school-based interventions on child sexual abuse knowledge in children with disabilities: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:e90-e101. [PMID: 38955613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with disabilities (CWDs) constitute a substantial segment of the population who encounter abuse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the influence of school-based interventions on this susceptible group. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in enhancing child sexual abuse (CSA) knowledge among CWDs. PARTICIPANTS This meta-analysis incorporated seven published studies, encompassing 387 CWDs. METHODS Our study synthesizes findings from seven experimental and quasi-experimental studies, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The study was registered in PROSPERO. The literature search, conducted between September 25, 2023, and October 2, 2023, employed various databases and keywords relevant to the study's scope. The research question and articles' eligibility were assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study type (PICOs). The meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS The school-based intervention greatly impacted CWDs' CSA knowledge scores (Hedges's g = 1.026 [95% CI: 0.845; 1.208], z = 11.074, p = 0.000). The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that Questionnaire/scale-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 2.586 [95% CI: 0.920; 4.252], z = 3.043, P = 0.002) and Vignette-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 1.065 [95% CI: 0.655; 1.474], z = 5.100, p = 0.000) are effective in assessing CWDs' knowledge of CSA. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled studies and quasi-experimental studies provide robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of school-based interventions in significantly enhancing CSA knowledge among CWDs. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE These findings are potentially significant evidence for education professionals, including educators and school health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aylin Akca Sumengen
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Remziye Semerci
- Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, School of Nursing, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Naz Cakir
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Z, Ebadi Fard Azar F, Farahani FK, Azadi N, Mansourian M. Analyzing the concept of sexual self-care in preschool children: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:118. [PMID: 37397114 PMCID: PMC10312396 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_551_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse is a global concern for families and societies. Therefore, child protection from sexual harassment is of particular importance. The present study aimed to investigate the concept of sexual self-care in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present research is a qualitative study conducted with a content analysis approach. The study participants include 39 child sex education specialists, parents of children aged 4-7 years, adolescents who were sexually abused in childhood, and those with no experience of sexual abuse in childhood. The participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Different people's interpretations of the concept of sexual self-care in children were explored using semi-structured and face-to-face interviews, which continued until the saturation of concepts. Data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were used to strengthen the validity and transferability of the data. RESULTS Sexual self-care in children was identified from participants' viewpoints in the study. This self-care includes three main components and six subcomponents of (1) knowledge about privacy, risk situation, and trustworthy people, (2) attitude and perception of risk, and (3) behavioral skills in self-protection (i.e., post-injury reaction). CONCLUSION Further injuries can be prevented by improving the level of awareness, forming the right attitude, and strengthening children's behavioral skills toward sexual self-care. Such issues, which are representatives of privacy, risk situations, and self-protection ability, can improve children's sexual self-care skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi
- Department of Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Khalajabadi Farahani
- Department of Population and Health, National Population Studies and Comprehensive Management Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nammamali Azadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cohen N, Katz C. What Messages Are Communicated to Children in Maltreatment Prevention Programs? Conclusions of a Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:15-28. [PMID: 34000916 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211016012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a worldwide consensus that the prevention of child maltreatment (CM) is critical in promoting children's safety. Furthermore, a significant part of the prevention efforts targets the children themselves. This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics of CM prevention programs that targeted children by examining studies that described the relevant implemented programs, published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade. Thirty-one relevant manuscripts were identified from the online databases. The analysis, guided by scoping review guidelines, examined these programs in terms of content, context of delivery, and practitioners involved. A thematic analysis identified the key messages conveyed to the children. The findings showed that the vast majority of programs are school-based and focused on preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) with considerably less attention given to other forms of maltreatment. In addition, most programs did not promote active parental participation. The content descriptions of the CSA prevention programs revealed several common key messages that focused on children's individual safety skills, specifically recognition, refusal strategies, and disclosure. The discussion addresses the concepts of blame and guilt as crucial to rethinking the CM prevention messages conveyed to children. Key conclusions that were drawn from the current scoping review highlight the need to better align prevention efforts and recent CM research. Additionally, ceiling effects in several studies indicated that children's participation, as information sources and partners in program development, should be promoted, so that prevention efforts will meet their needs within their various relevant life contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Cohen
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Wulandari MD, Hanurawan F, Chusniyah T. Children's Knowledge and Skills Related to Self-Protection from Sexual Abuse in Central Java Indonesia. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2020; 29:499-512. [PMID: 31900103 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1703231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The research aimed at assessing Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools' children's knowledge and skill in protecting themselves from CSA by analyzing them based on gender. It applied a quantitative method with descriptive statistical and inferential analysis designs. The samples amounted to 301 fifth-grade students from 10 Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. They were asked to complete the questionnaires of the "What If" Situation Test (WIST-III), adapted to an Indonesian context. When testing comprehension of touching situations, it was found that less than half of the respondents could identify appropriate touching situations (42%, M = 1.99, SD = ±1.04). There was a significant difference in the appropriate touching situation between males (M = 2.26, SD = ±1.9) and females (M = 1.76, SD = ±1.09). However, the ability to tell someone about the sexual abuse incident was very low, and a significant difference was found between females (p = .029, M = 1.7, SD = ± 2.3) and males (p = .029, M = 1.55, SD = ± 2.11). Only two per cent of the children achieved the maximum skills score. A CSA preventive program must be focused on building and developing children with regards to the skills to protect themselves from CSA by referring to cultural and Islamic values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fattah Hanurawan
- Education Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang , Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tutut Chusniyah
- Education Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang , Malang, Indonesia
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Guimarães VMA, Silva JPD. Sexualidade e Surdez: uma Revisão Sistemática. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003201645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A existência de mitos e tabus que envolvem a sexualidade pode dificultar a disseminação de informações adequadas para a sociedade. Sabe-se que a população surda, por não ter os mesmos meios de aquisição de informações dos ouvintes, lida com limitações no acesso a essa temática. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre sexualidade e surdez. Para isso, no período de setembro a novembro de 2017, foi feita uma busca utilizando os descritores sexualidade, surdez, surdo e deficiente auditivo, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, em cinco bases de dados. A busca teve o período delimitado entre 2000 e 2017, e o resultado final selecionou quinze artigos. A sexualidade por meio de experiências sexuais, mitos e relacionamentos e a violência e/ou abuso sexual foram os assuntos com maior prevalência. A questão da homossexualidade foi menos evidente nas produções científicas. A revisão mostrou que o conjunto de estudos avaliados retrata a sexualidade de forma abrangente e com temas atuais. Além disso, são escassos os estudos científicos referentes a sexualidade e surdez, sendo necessários mais estudos com a participação das pessoas surdas no intuito de compreendê-las, orientá-las e informá-las sobre o assunto em questão.
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Guo S, Chen J, Yu B, Jiang Y, Song Y, Jin Y. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention among Parents of Children with Hearing Loss: A Pilot Study in Beijing and Hebei Province, China. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2019; 28:781-798. [PMID: 31287784 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1627688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention among parents of children with hearing loss. The study involved 127 pairs of parents with deaf and hard of hearing children from three special education schools in Beijing and Hebei province, China. The findings revealed that the parents lacked knowledge about CSA prevention, such as the character of perpetrators and child victims. Parents were supportive about potential CSA prevention education in schools. Most parents told children much about personal safety, but topics on CSA prevention were still insufficient. The study also found that education level was significantly associated with knowledge and attitude. Elder parents knew more and talked more about CSA prevention. Mothers and girls' parents were more willing to communicate with children about CSA prevention. The conclusion of the study was that parents appeared to have gained a positive attitude, but poor knowledge and practice. Their knowledge and skills of effective communication should be strengthened to promote CSA prevention practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Buyi Yu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Yichen Jin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
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Yan L, Zhu Q, Tu X, Zuo X, Yu C, Lou C, Lian Q. Bullying victimization and child sexual abuse among left-behind and non-left-behind children in China. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4865. [PMID: 29888125 PMCID: PMC5991295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bullying is one of the most important factors associated with child abuse. However, robust tests supporting the assumption that being bullied can contribute to child sexual abuse (CSA) among left-behind children (LBC) remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the association of bullying victimization with CSA among LBC in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle schools of Sichuan and Anhui province in 2015. The bullying victimization was assessed by seven items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The experience of CSA was measured by ten items CSA scale with good consistency. Results A total of 1,030 children met the sampling criteria, including 284 LBC and 746 non-LBC. The prevalence of CSA was 22.89% in LBC and 20.19% in non-LBC (p > 0.05). Bullying victimization was related to CSA among both LBC (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.52, 95% CI [1.34–4.73]) and non-LBC (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.58–3.53]). The association between bullying victimization and CSA was much higher among left-behind girls (left-behind girls: aOR = 7.36, 95% CI [2.16–24.99]; non-left-behind girls: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.08–5.27]). Also, LBC of a young age (11–15), children with siblings, living in rural areas and non-traditional family structure who were bullied were more likely to suffer CSA than their non-LBC peers. Conclusions Bullying victimization is associated with a significant increase in CSA among both LBC and non-LBC. Anti-bullying programs should target vulnerable populations including female LBC and LBC with siblings to reduce the risk of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tu
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun Zuo
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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