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Ömür SE, Koyun E, Cabri G, Zorlu Ç. The association between HbA1c/C-peptide levels and short-term mortality in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Biomark Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39101489 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2380248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of HbA1C/C-peptide ratio on short-term mortality (this period is defined as 30 days after diagnosis) in the patients with myocardial infarction. Materials & Methods: Around 3245 patients who were admitted due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention between October 2020 and 2024 were included in this study. Results: In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the predictive power of the HCR score for mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients was determined to be 83% sensitivity and 81% specificity. In non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, this was determined to be 78% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Conclusion: The HbA1C/C-peptide ratio score can predict poor clinical outcomes early, reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Erdi Ömür
- Department of Cardiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Emin Koyun
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Cabri
- Department of Cardiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Çağri Zorlu
- Department of Cardiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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2
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Milionis C, Ilias I, Lekkou A, Venaki E, Koukkou E. Future clinical prospects of C-peptide testing in the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:89320. [PMID: 38590302 PMCID: PMC10999065 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.89320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed in the late second or third trimester of pregnancy. It is one of the most common metabolic disorders among expectant mothers, with potential serious short- and long-term complications for both maternal and offspring health. C-peptide is secreted from pancreatic beta-cells into circulation in equimolar amounts with insulin. It is a useful biomarker to estimate the beta-cell function because it undergoes negligible hepatic clearance and consequently it has a longer half-life compared to insulin. Pregnancy induces increased insulin resistance due to physiological changes in hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Inadequate compensation by islet beta-cells results in hyperglycemia. The standard oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 wk of gestation sets the diagnosis. Accumulated evidence from prospective studies indicates a link between early pregnancy C-peptide levels and the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes. Elevated C-peptide levels and surrogate glycemic indices at the beginning of pregnancy could prompt appropriate strategies for secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Milionis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Anastasia Lekkou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Evangelia Venaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Eftychia Koukkou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
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3
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Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Guo Y, Sun T, Liu M, Gao X, Liu Y, Gao Z, Chen L, Du X, Wang Y. Preliminary investigation of the effect of non-cardiac surgery on intraoperative islet and renal function: a single-center prospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1235335. [PMID: 38414619 PMCID: PMC10897010 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1235335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of different non-cardiac surgical methods on islet and renal function remains unclear. We conducted a preliminary investigation to determine whether different surgical methods affect islet function or cause further damage to renal function. Methods In this prospective cohort study, the clinical data of 63 adult patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were evaluated from February 2019 to January 2020. Patients were divided into the abdominal surgery group, the laparoscopic surgery group, and the breast cancer surgery group. The primary outcome was the difference between the effects of different surgical methods on renal function. Results Islet and renal function were not significantly different between the groups. The correlation analysis showed that hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HB) were negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p < 0.05), MAP was positively correlated with C-peptide (p < 0.05), and HCT and Hb were positively correlated with serum creatinine (SCr) (p < 0.05). Fasting insulin (FINS) and C-peptide were negatively correlated with SCr (p < 0.05), and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was positively correlated with SCr (p < 0.05). FINS, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) were positively correlated with cystatin C (Cys C) (p < 0.05). Conclusion FINS, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR had positive effects on beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG). FINS, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with Cys C and β2-Mg. While FINS and C-peptide were negatively correlated with SCr, HOMA-IR was positively correlated with SCr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongle Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongquan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Hospital), Jinan, China
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4
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Chen J, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, Wang Y, Xu L. The role of C-peptide in diabetes and its complications: an updated review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256093. [PMID: 37745697 PMCID: PMC10512826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes and its complications have seriously affected people's quality of life and become a serious public health problem. C-peptide is not only an indicator of pancreatic β-cell function, but also a biologically active peptide that can bind to cell membrane surface signaling molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways to play antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and inflammatory roles, or regulate cellular transcription through internalization. It is complex how C-peptide is related to diabetic complications. Both deficiencies and overproduction can lead to complications, but their mechanisms of action may be different. C-peptide replacement therapy has shown beneficial effects on diabetic complications in animal models when C-peptide is deficient, but results from clinical trials have been unsatisfactory. The complex pattern of the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic chronic complications has not yet been fully understood. Future basic and clinical studies of C-peptide replacement therapies will need to focus on baseline levels of C-peptide in addition to more attention also needs to be paid to post-treatment C-peptide levels to explore the optimal range of fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Toprak K, Kaplangöray M, Memioğlu T, İnanir M, Omar B, Taşcanov MB, Biçer A, Demirbağ R. HbA1c/C-peptide ratio is associated with angiographic thrombus burden and short-term mortality in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:385-395. [PMID: 37577863 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiographic high thrombus burden (HTB) is associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). HbA1c and C-peptide are two interrelated bioactive markers that affect many cardiovascular pathways. HbA1c exhibits prothrombogenic properties, while C-peptide, in contrast, exhibits antithrombogenic effects. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the value of combining these two biomarkers in a single fraction in predicting HTB and short-term mortality in patients with STEMI. METHODS 1202 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for STEMI were retrospectively included in this study. The study population was divided into thrombus burden (TB) groups and compared in terms of basic clinical demographics, laboratory parameters and HbA1c/C-peptide ratios (HCR). In addition, short-term mortality of the study population was compared according to HCR and TB categories. RESULTS HCR values were significantly higher in the HTB group than in the LTB group (3.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.001; respectively). In the multivariable regression analysis, HCR was determined as an independent predictor of HTB both as a continuous variable [odds ratio (OR): 2.377; confidence interval (CI): 2.090-2.704; P < 0.001] and as a categorical variable (OR: 5.492; CI: 4.115-7.331; P < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, HCR predicted HTB with 73% sensitivity and 72% specificity, and furthermore, HCR's predictive value for HTB was superior to HbA1c and C-peptide. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve showed that short-term mortality increased at HTB. In addition, HCR strongly predicted short-term mortality in Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HCR is closely associated with HTB and short-term mortality in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa
| | | | - Tolga Memioğlu
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Cardiology Department, Bolu
| | - Mehmet İnanir
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Cardiology Department, Bolu
| | - Bahadir Omar
- Umraniye training and research hospital, Cardiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Asuman Biçer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa
| | - Recep Demirbağ
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa
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6
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Lian X, Qi J, Yuan M, Li X, Wang M, Li G, Yang T, Zhong J. Study on risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and establishment of a prediction model by machine learning. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:146. [PMID: 37533059 PMCID: PMC10394817 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Predicting the risk of developing DPN is important for clinical decision-making and designing clinical trials. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1278 patients with diabetes treated in two central hospitals from 2020 to 2022. The data included medical history, physical examination, and biochemical index test results. After feature selection and data balancing, the cohort was divided into training and internal validation datasets at a 7:3 ratio. Training was made in logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, naive bayes, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) based on machine learning. The k-fold cross-validation was used for model assessment, and the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were adopted to validate the models' discrimination and clinical practicality. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) was used to interpret the best-performing model. RESULTS The XGBoost model outperformed other models, which had an accuracy of 0·746, precision of 0·765, recall of 0·711, F1-score of 0·736, and AUC of 0·813. The SHAP results indicated that age, disease duration, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, 24-h urine protein quantification, and urine protein concentration were risk factors for DPN, while the ratio between 2-h postprandial C-peptide and fasting C-peptide(C2/C0), total cholesterol, activated partial thromboplastin time, and creatinine were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The machine learning approach helped established a DPN risk prediction model with good performance. The model identified the factors most closely related to DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lian
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Juanzhi Qi
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqian Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingchen Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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7
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Reintar S, Pöchhacker M, Obermayer A, Eberhard K, Zirlik A, Verheyen N, von Lewinski D, Scherr D, Hutz B, Haudum CW, Pieber TR, Sourij H, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Urinary C-Peptide to Creatinine Ratio (UCPCR) as Indicator for Metabolic Risk in Apparently Healthy Adults-A BioPersMed Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2073. [PMID: 37432211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: C-peptide is produced in equimolar amounts with insulin from pancreatic beta cells, and thus is a fundamental biomarker for beta cell function. A non-invasive urinary C-peptide-to-creatinine ratio (UCPCR) has attracted attention as a biomarker for metabolic conditions. However, the UCPCR as an indicative risk predictor for prediabetes is still being investigated. Methods: We aimed to characterize UCPCRs in healthy people using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and to evaluate their metabolic outcomes over time. A total of 1022 participants of the Biomarkers in Personalized Medicine cohort (BioPersMed) were screened for this study. Totals of 317 healthy with normal glucose metabolism, 87 prediabetic, and 43 diabetic subjects were included. Results: Prediabetic participants had a significantly higher UCPCR median value than healthy participants (p < 0.05). Dysglycaemia of healthy baseline participants was measured twice over 4.5 ± 0.9 years; 25% and 30% were detected with prediabetes during follow-ups, predicted by UCPCR both for the first (p < 0.05) and the second visit (p < 0.05), respectively. This is in good agreement with the negative predictive UCPCR value of 60.2% based on logistic regression. UCPCR levels were equal in both sexes. Conclusion: UCPCR measurements provide an indicative approach for metabolic risk, representing a potential use for prevention and monitoring of impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmaine Reintar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Pöchhacker
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Obermayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Hutz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W Haudum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology and Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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8
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Meneses MJ, Patarrão RS, Pinheiro T, Coelho I, Carriço N, Marques AC, Romão A, Nabais J, Fortunato E, Raposo JF, Macedo MP. Leveraging the future of diagnosis and management of diabetes: From old indexes to new technologies. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13934. [PMID: 36479853 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. However, glycemia and glycated hemoglobin have been the focus of diabetes diagnosis and management for the last decades. As diabetes management goes far beyond glucose control, it has become clear that assessment of other biochemical parameters gives a much wider view of the metabolic state of each individual, enabling a precision medicine approach. METHODS In this review, we summarize and discuss indexes that have been used in epidemiological studies and in the clinical practice. RESULTS Indexes of insulin secretion, sensitivity/resistance and metabolism have been developed and validated over the years to account also with insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides or even anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, each one has their own objective and consequently, advantages and disadvantages for specific cases. Thus, we discuss how new technologies, namely new sensors but also new softwares/applications, can improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes, both for healthcare professionals but also for caretakers and, importantly, to promote the empowerment of people living with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In long-term, the solution for a better diabetes management would be a platform that allows to integrate all sorts of relevant information for the person with diabetes and for the healthcare practitioners, namely glucose, insulin and C-peptide or, in case of need, other parameters/indexes at home, sometimes more than once a day. This solution would allow a better and simpler disease management, more adequate therapeutics thereby improving patients' quality of life and reducing associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Meneses
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,DECSIS II Iberia, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rita Susana Patarrão
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tomás Pinheiro
- CENIMAT i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Carolina Marques
- CENIMAT i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - João Nabais
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Raposo
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP - Diabetes Portugal - Education and Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP - Diabetes Portugal - Education and Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Foster A, Bhattacharjee P, Tresoldi E, Pakusch M, Cameron FJ, Mannering SI. Glutamine deamidation does not increase the immunogenicity of C-peptide in people with type 1 diabetes. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 6:100180. [PMID: 36619657 PMCID: PMC9811213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed. While it is clear that full-length C-peptide, derived from proinsulin, is a major antigen in human T1D it is not clear how and why C-peptide becomes a target of the autoimmune CD4+ T-cell responses in T1D. Neoepitopes formed by the conversion of glutamine (Q) residues to glutamic acid (E) by deamidation are central to the immune pathogenesis of coeliac disease and have been implicated in autoimmune responses in T1D. Here, we asked if the immunogenicity of full-length C-peptide, which comprises four glutamine residues, was enhanced by deamidation, which we mimicked by substituting glutamic acid for glutamine residue. First, we used a panel of 18 well characterized CD4+ T-cell lines specific for epitopes derived from human C-peptide. In all cases, when the substitution fell within the cognate epitope the response was diminished, or in a few cases unchanged. In contrast, when the substitution fell outside the epitope recognized by the TCR responses were unchanged or slightly augmented. Second, we compared CD4+ T-cell proliferation responses, against deamidated and unmodified C-peptide, in the peripheral blood of people with or without T1D using the CFSE-based proliferation assay. While, as reported previously, responses were detected to unmodified C-peptide, no deamidated C-peptide was consistently more stimulatory than native C-peptide. Overall responses were weaker to deamidated C-peptide compared to unmodified C-peptide. Hence, we conclude that deamidated C-peptide does not play a role in beta-cell autoimmunity in people with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Foster
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Eleonora Tresoldi
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Miha Pakusch
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Fergus J. Cameron
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart I. Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia,Corresponding author. St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Yan ST, Sun J, Gu ZY, Miao XY, Ma LC, Sun BR, Fu XM, Liu HZ, Yang G, Fang FS, Li H. The bidirectional association of C-peptide with cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults and patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36192784 PMCID: PMC9531486 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent literature reported the biological role of C-peptide, but this role is still controversial and unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate associations between C-peptide and cardiovascular biomarkers as well as events. Methods A total of 55636 participants who had a health examination from 2017 to 2021 were included. Of them, 6727 participants visited the hospital at least twice. Cardiovascular biomarkers like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured and their relationships with fasting C-peptide were evaluated for all participants. Cardiovascular events were obtained during the last visit and their associations with C-peptide were evaluated for those participants who visited the hospital at least twice. Results Among the included participants, 11.1% had a previous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the participants without previous T2DM, the relationships between fasting C-peptide and hs-CRP and hs-cTnT were negative if the value of fasting C-peptide was < 1.4 ng/mL and positive if the value was ≥ 1.4 ng/mL. These relationships remained significant after adjusting for hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance index, and its interaction with C-peptide, even if the participants were stratified by glucose metabolism status or levels of insulin resistance index. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular events were first decreased and then increased with the increasing of baseline C-peptide levels, though these associations became unsignificant using the multivariate Cox regression model. Unlike the participants without previous T2DM, the associations of C-peptide with cardiovascular biomarkers and events were not significant in the patients with previous T2DM. Conclusions The associations of C-peptide with cardiovascular biomarkers and events were different between the participants without previous T2DM and those with previous T2DM. The effect of C-peptide on cardiovascular risk may be bidirectional, play a benefit role at a low level, and play a harmful role at a high level in the nondiabetic adults and the patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01636-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Tong Yan
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Gu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Miao
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Chao Ma
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ban-Ruo Sun
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhou Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Fang
- Department of Health Care, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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11
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Zhao W, Lu J, Zhang L, Lu W, Zhu W, Bao Y, Zhou J. Relationship between time in range and corneal nerve fiber loss in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1978-1985. [PMID: 36070458 PMCID: PMC9746728 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a noninvasive technique to detect early nerve damage of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Time in range (TIR) is an emerging metric of glycemic control which was reported to be associated with diabetic complications. We sought to explore the relationship between TIR and corneal nerve parameters in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 206 asymptomatic inpatients with T2DM were recruited. After 7 days of continuous glucose monitoring, the TIR was calculated as the percentage of time in the glucose range of 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L. CCM was performed to determine corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL). Abnormal CNFL was defined as ≤15.30 mm/mm 2 . RESULTS Abnormal CNFL was found in 30.6% (63/206) of asymptomatic subjects. Linear regression analyses revealed that TIR was positively correlated with CCM parameters both in the crude and adjusted models (all P < 0.05). Each 10% increase in TIR was associated with a 28.2% (95% CI: 0.595-0.866, P = 0.001) decreased risk of abnormal CNFL after adjusting for covariates. With the increase of TIR quartiles, corneal nerve fiber parameters increased significantly (all P for trend <0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal cutoff point of TIR was 77.5% for predicting abnormal CNFL in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant independent correlation between TIR and corneal nerve fiber loss in asymptomatic T2DM patients. TIR may be a useful surrogate marker for early diagnosis of DSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201500, China
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12
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Adipokine Levels in Men with Coronary Atherosclerosis on the Background of Abdominal Obesity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081248. [PMID: 36013196 PMCID: PMC9409903 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, and excess body fat is associated with unfavorable levels of adipokines and markers of inflammation. The goal of research. To study the level of adipokines and markers of inflammation, their associations with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in men with coronary atherosclerosis on the background of abdominal obesity. Materials and methods. The study involved 82 men aged 40–77 years with coronary atherosclerosis after endarterectomy from the coronary arteries. We divided all men into two groups: 37 men (45.1%) with unstable atherosclerotic plaques, and 45 men (54.9%) who had stable plaques. Obesity was established at a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. The levels of adipokines and markers of inflammation in the blood were determined by multiplex analysis. Results. In patients with obesity and unstable plaques, the levels of C-peptide, TNFa and IL-6 were 1.8, 1.6, and 2.8 times higher, respectively, than in patients with obesity and stable plaques. The chance of having an unstable plaque increases with an increase in TNFa by 49% in obese patients and decreases with an increase in insulin by 3% in non-obese patients. Conclusions. In men with coronary atherosclerosis and obesity, unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries are directly associated with the level of TNF-α.
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13
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Liu XY, Peng J, He F, Tursun X, Li SP, Xin XL, Aisa HA. Shabyar Ameliorates High Glucose Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury Through Suppressing Aldose Reductase and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Autophagy Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852945. [PMID: 35620285 PMCID: PMC9127207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shabyar (SBA) is a traditional medicine formula for relieving vision loss caused by factors including diabetic retinopathy (DR) in clinics. However, the mechanism of it on retina protective effect still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether its protective effect was related to aldose reductase (AR) inhibition and retinal pigment epithelial cell injury mediated by autophagy or not. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) induced by high glucose was used as a model in vitro, with Epalrestat (EPL, AR inhibitor) and Difrarel (DFR, DR therapeutic drug) as positive controls. Western blotting and Polyol pathway products assay showed that SBA reduced the expression of AR protein and the content of ROS, and sorbitol, increased the level of Na+-K+-ATPase and alleviated cell edema. Western blotting and DCFH-DA probe assay showed that SBA decreased pAMPK/AMPK and pULK1/ULK1 which associated with autophagy initiation, down-regulated Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, LC3 II and Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and up-regulated pmTOR/mTOR, SQSTM1/p62 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduces intracellular autophagosomes. Real-Time PCR assay showed that SBA had no significant effect on mRNA expression of AR and mTOR. These data demonstrated that SBA treatment inhibits the autophagy of ARPE-19 through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, and reduced early-stage apoptosis occurred by high glucose. These findings reveal the protective role and mechanism of SBA on retinal pigment epithelium, and provide experimental basis for the clinical application of SBA in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xirali Tursun
- Institute of Xinjiang Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Shu Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue Lei Xin
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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14
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Rossiter JL, Redlinger LJ, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. The actions of C-peptide in HEK293 cells are dependent upon insulin and extracellular glucose concentrations. Peptides 2022; 150:170718. [PMID: 34954230 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a part of the insulin prohormone and is essential for the proper folding and processing of the mature insulin peptide. C-peptide is released from the same beta cell secretory granules as insulin in equimolar amounts. However, due to their relative stabilities in plasma, the two peptides are detected in the circulation at ratios of approximately 4:1 to 6:1 (C-peptide to insulin), depending on metabolic state. C-peptide binds specifically to human cell membranes and induces intracellular signaling cascades, likely through an interaction with the G protein coupled receptor, GPR146. C-peptide has been shown to exert protective effects against the vascular, renal, and ocular complications of diabetes. The effects of C-peptide appear to be dependent upon the presence of insulin and the absolute, extracellular concentration of glucose. In this study, we employed HEK293 cells to further examine the interactive effects of C-peptide, insulin, and glucose on cell signaling. We observed that C-peptide's cellular effects are dampened significantly when cells are exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of both insulin and C-peptide. Likewise, the actions of C-peptide on cFos and GPR146 mRNA expressions were affected by changes in extracellular glucose concentration. In particular, C-peptide induced significant elevations in cFos expression in the setting of high (25 mmol) extracellular glucose concentration. These data indicate that future experimentation on the actions of C-peptide should control for the presence or absence of insulin and the concentration of glucose. Furthermore, these findings should be considered prior to the development of C-peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Rossiter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Lauren J Redlinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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15
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Khan D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Classical and non-classical islet peptides in the control of β-cell function. Peptides 2022; 150:170715. [PMID: 34958851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dual role of the pancreas as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is vital for food digestion and control of nutrient metabolism. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes into the small intestine aiding digestion of sugars and fats, whereas the endocrine pancreas secretes a cocktail of hormones into the blood, which is responsible for blood glucose control and regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Classical islet hormones, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, interact in an autocrine and paracrine manner, to fine-tube the islet function and insulin secretion to the needs of the body. Recently pancreatic islets have been reported to express a number of non-classical peptide hormones involved in metabolic signalling, whose major production site was believed to reside outside pancreas, e.g. in the small intestine. We highlight the key non-classical islet peptides, and consider their involvement, together with established islet hormones, in regulation of stimulus-secretion coupling as well as proliferation, survival and transdifferentiation of β-cells. We furthermore focus on the paracrine interaction between classical and non-classical islet hormones in the maintenance of β-cell function. Understanding the functional relationships between these islet peptides might help to develop novel, more efficient treatments for diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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16
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Biomarkers in metabolic syndrome. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:101-156. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in a Mouse Model (BALB/c) Is Not an Effective Model for Research on Transplantation Procedures in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121790. [PMID: 34944607 PMCID: PMC8698562 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of over 90% of the β-cells. C-peptide is a parameter for evaluating T1D. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a standard method of inducing diabetes in animals. Eight protocols describe the administration of STZ in mice; C-peptide levels are not taken into account. The aim of the study is to determine whether the STZ protocol for the induction of beta-cell mass destruction allows for the development of a stable in vivo mouse model for research into new transplant procedures in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: Forty BALB/c mice were used. The animals were divided into nine groups according to the STZ dose and a control group. The STZ doses were between 140 and 400 mg/kg of body weight. C-peptide was taken before and 2, 7, 9, 12, 14, and 21 days after STZ. Immunohistochemistry was performed. The area of the islet and insulin-/glucagon-expressing tissues was calculated. Results: Mice who received 140, 160, 2 × 100, 200, and 250 mg of STZ did not show changes in mean fasting C-peptide in comparison to the control group and to day 0. All animals with doses of 300 and 400 mg of STZ died during the experiment. The area of the islets did not show any differences between the control and STZ-treated mice in groups below 300 mg. The reduction of insulin-positive areas in STZ mice did not exceed 50%. Conclusions: Streptozotocin is not an appropriate method of inducing a diabetes model for further research on transplantation treatments of type 1 diabetes, having caused the destruction of more than 90% of the β-cell mass in BALB/c mice.
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18
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Beta cell function as an assessment tool for cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.847350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Dai H, Hu F, Yang X, Hu P, Chu Y, Bu S. Hsa_circ_0054633 association of C peptide is related to IL-17 and TNF-α in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23856. [PMID: 34272768 PMCID: PMC8373319 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation damaged the islet and resulted in dysfunction of T2D. Circular RNA is stable and better for biomarker in many diseases. Here, we aimed to identify potential circular RNA hsa_circ_0054633 that can be a biomarkers for the effects of insulin therapy in T2D. Methods In this retrospective case‐control study, patients were from Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China, from February 10, 2019, to August 15, 2019. We included 47 healthy adults, 46 new‐onset T2D with insulin resistance, and 51 patients with insulin therapy. Serum inflammation factors were tested by ELISA assays. We selected hsa_circ_0054633 as a candidate biomarker and measured its concentration in serum by qRT‐PCR. The Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between this circRNA and clinical variables. Results Clinical data indicated that serum C peptide was increased in T2D treatment with insulin. Serum hsa_circ_0054633 was decreased in insulin treatment group. Hsa_circ_0054633 was negative correlated with C peptide (r = −0.2841, p = 0.0433,). IL‐1 and IL‐6, IL‐17, and TNF‐α were higher in T2D patients and decreased after insulin treatment, only IL‐17 and TNF‐α showed a positive correlation to hsa_circ_0054633 (r = 0.4825, p < 0.0001, and r = 0.6190, p < 0.0001). The area under ROC curve was 0.7432, 0.5839, and 0.7573 for Hsa_circ_0054633, C peptide, and their combination. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0054633 level was lower in T2D with insulin treatment than untreated and was a negative correlation with C peptide, and positively correlated with IL‐17 and TNF‐α, suggesting that hsa_circ_0054633 may be a potential early indicator of insulin treatment effect to improve inflammation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Dai
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, China
| | - Xiangwei Yang
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of endocrinology, Ninghai Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yudong Chu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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20
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CAN B, ÇİFTÇİ S, YENİDÜNYA YALIN G, DİNÇÇAĞ N. Risk factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome following gestational diabetes mellitus. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:595-603. [PMID: 33021758 PMCID: PMC8203179 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2002-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To determine risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients 10 years after giving birth. Materials and methods Medical records of patients with former GDM were screened. Eligible patients were invited to the hospital to obtain information about their present health status. Patients with pregestational diabetes and patients with multiple pregnancies were excluded. A total of 67 women formed the study group. American Diabetes Association (ADA) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to define T2DM and MetS, respectively. Results A total of 27 patients developed diabetes (40.3%) and 35 patients (52%) developed MetS. T2DM developed, on average, 4.8 years after delivery. There was a significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic patients in terms of insulin use during pregnancy (P < 0.001). Women who developed diabetes within 10 years after giving birth were observed to have significantly higher fasting plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance test during their pregnancy (P = 0.007). Current and pregestational body mass indices had a significant effect on the development of MetS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion In this long-term study, we found that patients with high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin requirement during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing T2DM, while pregestational obesity is predictive of progression to MetS. Identifying and targeting high-risk individuals may delay and possibly prevent T2DM and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent CAN
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Sema ÇİFTÇİ
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Gülşah YENİDÜNYA YALIN
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Nevin DİNÇÇAĞ
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
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21
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Washburn RL, Hibler T, Thompson LA, Kaur G, Dufour JM. Therapeutic application of Sertoli cells for treatment of various diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:10-23. [PMID: 33910764 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) are immune privileged cells found in the testis that function to immunologically protect maturing germ cells from immune destruction. This immune protection is due to the blood-testis-barrier, which prevents infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells and antibodies, and SC production of immunomodulatory factors, that favor a tolerogenic environment. The ability of SCs to create an immune privileged environment has led to the exploration of their potential use in the treatment of various diseases. SCs have been utilized to create a tolerogenic ectopic microenvironment, to protect co-grafted cells, and to deliver therapeutic proteins through gene therapy. To date, numerous studies have reported the potential use of SCs for the treatment of diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and restoration of spermatogenesis. Additionally, SCs have been investigated as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic products to treat other diseases like Laron syndrome, muscular dystrophy, and infections. This review will provide an overview of these therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Washburn
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Taylor Hibler
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Lea Ann Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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22
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Khan I, Daniell H. Oral delivery of therapeutic proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells: preclinical and clinical advances. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54. [PMID: 33967586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of protein drugs (PDs) made in plant cells could revolutionize current approaches of their production and delivery. Expression of PDs reduces their production cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification, cold transportation/storage, and sterile injections and increases their shelf life for several years. Ability of plant cell wall to protect PDs from digestive acids/enzymes, commensal bacteria to release PDs in gut lumen after lysis of plant cell wall and role of GALT in inducing tolerance facilitate prevention or treatment allergic, autoimmune diseases or anti-drug antibody responses. Delivery of functional proteins facilitate treatment of inherited or metabolic disorders. Recent advances in making PDs free of antibiotic resistance genes in edible plant cells, long-term storage at ambient temperature maintaining their efficacy, production in cGMP facilities, IND enabling studies for clinical advancement and FDA approval of orally delivered PDs augur well for advancing this novel drug delivery platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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C-Peptide as a Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030270. [PMID: 33800470 PMCID: PMC8000702 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease affecting one-third of the United States population. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, where the hormone insulin is either not produced sufficiently or where there is a resistance to insulin. Patients with Type 1 DM (T1DM), in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed by autoimmune mechanisms, have a significantly increased risk of developing life-threatening cardiovascular complications, even when exogenous insulin is administered. In fact, due to various factors such as limited blood glucose measurements and timing of insulin administration, only 37% of T1DM adults achieve normoglycemia. Furthermore, T1DM patients do not produce C-peptide, a cleavage product from insulin processing. C-peptide has potential therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo on many complications of T1DM, such as peripheral neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Thus, delivery of C-peptide in conjunction with insulin through a pump, pancreatic islet transplantation, or genetically engineered Sertoli cells (an immune privileged cell type) may ameliorate many of the cardiovascular and vascular complications afflicting T1DM patients.
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24
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Tosato S, Bonetto C, Lopizzo N, Cattane N, Barcella M, Turco G, Ruggeri M, Provasi S, Tomassi S, Dazzan P, Cattaneo A. Childhood and Adulthood Severe Stressful Experiences and Biomarkers Related to Glucose Metabolism: A Possible Association? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:629137. [PMID: 34054596 PMCID: PMC8160252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: No study investigated the association between stress exposure in different stages of life and metabolic dysfunction. Aim: We explore the association between stress exposure and several biomarkers related to glucose metabolism (insulin, c-peptide, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon) in a group of 72 healthy individuals. Method: We used the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse-Questionnaire (CECA-Q) and a modified version of the Life Events Scale to define exposure to stress, according to four categories: no exposure to childhood trauma (CT) nor to stressful life events (SLEs) (46%), only to CT (25%), only to SLEs (21%), to both (8%). Results: We found that c-peptide (p = 0.006) and insulin (p = 0.002) levels differed among the four categories: 0.77 ng/ml (SD 0.27) and 0.21 ng/ml (SD 0.06) for none, 0.77 (SD 0.37) and 0.20 (SD 0.08) for only SLEs, 0.88 (SD 0.39) and 0.27 (SD 0.12) for only CT, 1.33 (SD 0.57) and 0.40 (SD 0.28) for both, respectively. The highest levels of biomarkers were found in subjects exposed to both CT and SLEs. Conclusion: Our preliminary results seem to suggest that CT might be specifically associated with a dysfunction of glucose metabolism, which might increase the risk of poorer health outcomes in adulthood. This association seems to be even stronger in individuals additionally exposed to SLEs in adulthood. In conclusion, if confirmed in other studies, subjects exposed to both CT and SLEs appear the most vulnerable individuals, for whom preventative interventions, such as healthy lifestyle education programs, might ameliorate the risk of developing metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mara Barcella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Turco
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Tomassi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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25
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Biological Activity of c-Peptide in Microvascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes-Time for Translational Studies or Back to the Basics? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249723. [PMID: 33419247 PMCID: PMC7766542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing microvascular complications, which have a negative impact on the quality of life and reduce life expectancy. Numerous studies in animals with experimental diabetes show that c-peptide supplementation exerts beneficial effects on diabetes-induced damage in peripheral nerves and kidneys. There is substantial evidence that c-peptide counteracts the detrimental changes caused by hyperglycemia at the cellular level, such as decreased activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sodium potassium ATPase, and increase in formation of pro-inflammatory molecules mediated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells: cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. However, despite positive results from cell and animal studies, no successful c-peptide replacement therapies have been developed so far. Therefore, it is important to improve our understanding of the impact of c-peptide on the pathophysiology of microvascular complications to develop novel c-peptide-based treatments. This article aims to review current knowledge on the impact of c-peptide on diabetic neuro- and nephropathy and to evaluate its potential therapeutic role.
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Derkach KV, Zorina II, Zakharova IO, Basova NE, Bakhtyukov AA, Shpakov AO. The Influence of Intranasally Administered
Insulin and
C-peptide on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity, Mitochondrial
Dynamics and Apoptosis Markers in the Hypothalamus of Rats with
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Poteryaeva ON, Usynin IF. [Molecular mechanisms of action and physiological effects of the proinsulin C-peptide (a systematic review)]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:196-207. [PMID: 32588825 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206603196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The C-peptide is a fragment of proinsulin, the cleavage of which forms active insulin. In recent years, new information has appeared on the physiological effects of the C-peptide, indicating its positive effect on many organs and tissues, including the kidneys, nervous system, heart, vascular endothelium and blood microcirculation. Studies on experimental models of diabetes mellitus in animals, as well as clinical trials in patients with diabetes, have shown that the C-peptide has an important regulatory effect on the early stages of functional and structural disorders caused by this disease. The C-peptide exhibits its effects through binding to a specific receptor on the cell membrane and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Intracellular signaling involves G-proteins and Ca2+-dependent pathways, resulting in activation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase and important transcription factors involved in apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and other intracellular defense mechanisms. This review gives an idea of the C-peptide as a bioactive endogenous peptide that has its own biological activity and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Poteryaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I F Usynin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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28
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Zuo A, Wang C, Li L, Qu J, Cao J, Chen L, Tesfaye S, Li W, Hou X. The Association of Fasting C-peptide with Corneal Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8883736. [PMID: 33344652 PMCID: PMC7725581 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Damage to corneal nerve fibers has been demonstrated in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that further progresses with increasing severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of C-peptide in corneal nerve damage has not been reported in T2DM. The present study investigated the relationship of fasting C-peptide levels with corneal neuropathy evaluated by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in patients with T2DM. METHODS 160 T2DM patients (72 females) aged 34-78 with duration ranging from 0 to 40 years underwent CCM to measure corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD). Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the association of fasting C-peptide levels with corneal nerve parameters. Partial correlation analysis (adjusted for age and gender) was also conducted to analyze the correlation of metabolic indexes with these three corneal nerve parameters. The relationship between fasting C-peptide levels and duration of diabetes was also explored by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS With an increase in fasting C-peptide levels, the values of CNFL, CNFD, and CNBD also showed a corresponding trend for an increase. Partial correlation analysis revealed that fasting C-peptide levels were positively associated with CNFL (r = 0.245, P = 0.002), CNFD (r = 0.180, P = 0.024), and CNBD (r = 0.214, P = 0.008) after adjusting for age and gender. Using multiple linear regression analysis, fasting C-peptide levels were also closely associated with CNFL (P = 0.047) and CNBD (P = 0.038) after multiple adjustments. However, this association disappeared after further adjusting for duration of diabetes. Further analysis indicated that fasting C-peptide levels declined with duration of diabetes (r = -0.267, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS C-peptide was closely associated with corneal neuropathy and disease duration in T2DM. C-peptide levels might be both an indicator of beta-cell function and a marker of disease severity (such as diabetic corneal neuropathy) and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266000
| | - Jingru Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Juan Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China 250012
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Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Effect of Dietary Insulinemia on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From a Cohort Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:407-413. [PMID: 31763961 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1646167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Insulin response to diet might predict the risk of mortality; however, the evidence is limited. We prospectively evaluated the link between the dietary hyperinsulinemia index (DHI) and dietary insulin resistance index (DIRI) with all-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease [CVD] and cancer) mortality.Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2010) database was used. Vital status through December 31, 2011, was ascertained. Stepwise linear regression models consisted of 39 macro/micronutrients applied, and fasting plasma C-peptide for the DHI and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) for the DIRI were used. Adjusted Cox regression (followed by propensity score matching) was performed to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs).Results: Overall, 22,246 participants were included (mean age = 47.8 years; 48.9% men). There was a significant increasing risk of mortality across the quartiles of DHI, i.e., participants with a highest score of DHI (Q4) had a greater risk of all-cause (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17-1.26), CVD (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.29), and cancer (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08-1.23) mortality compared with the first quartile (Q1; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Similarly, participants in the highest DIRI quartile (Q4) had 23% and 31% higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, compared with Q1, while the association between cancer mortality and DIRI was non-significant (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.61).Conclusions: These findings highlight, for the first time, the detrimental role (association) of insulinemia and insulin resistance potential of diet on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Our findings support the role of C-peptide and TG/HDL-C ratio as cost-effective and practical biomarkers in clinical settings. These results need to be confirmed to establish their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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30
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Anti-inflammatory effects of C-peptide on kidney of type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:721-726. [PMID: 31679115 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by C-peptide deficiency and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C-peptide in renal and inflammatory complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice model of T1DM with kidney disease. The study was performed in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. Two streptozotocin-diabetic groups (a T1DM animal model), after 4 weeks of diabetes, were treated with subcutaneous infusion of either vehicle (n = 12) or C-peptide (n = 11). Two non-diabetic groups (vehicle, n = 10; C-peptide, n = 9) were treated using the same protocol as described for the diabetic mice. The treatment with C-peptide in the diabetic group reduced the urinary levels of IL17 and TNFα, as well as IL4 and IL10 (p < 0.05). Contrary, the diabetic + C-peptide group presented higher IL10 gene expression in kidney. Besides, it displayed a reduction of TNFα gene expression. The data suggest that C-peptide may modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways, resulting in attenuation of kidney inflammation in T1DM animal model.
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31
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The effect of C-peptide on diabetic nephropathy: A review of molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 237:116950. [PMID: 31605709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide is a small peptide connecting two chains of proinsulin molecule and is dissociated before the release of insulin. It is secreted in an equimolar amount to insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells into the circulation. Recent evidence demonstrates that it has other physiologic activities beyond its structural function. C-peptide modulates intracellular signaling pathways in various pathophysiologic states and, could potentially be a new therapeutic target for different disorders including diabetic complications. There is growing evidence that c-peptide has modulatory effects on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Although we have little direct evidence, pharmacological properties of c-peptide suggest that it can provide potent renoprotective effects especially, in a c-peptide deficient milieu as in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe possible molecular mechanisms by which c-peptide may improve renal efficiency in a diabetic milieu.
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Marren SM, Hammersley S, McDonald TJ, Shields BM, Knight BA, Hill A, Bolt R, Tree TI, Roep BO, Hattersley AT, Jones AG, Oram RA. Persistent C-peptide is associated with reduced hypoglycaemia but not HbA 1c in adults with longstanding Type 1 diabetes: evidence for lack of intensive treatment in UK clinical practice? Diabet Med 2019; 36:1092-1099. [PMID: 30955221 PMCID: PMC6790586 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Most people with Type 1 diabetes have low levels of persistent endogenous insulin production. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that close to diagnosis preserved endogenous insulin was associated with lower HbA1c , hypoglycaemia and complication rates, when intensively treated. We aimed to assess the clinical impact of persistent C-peptide on rate of hypoglycaemia and HbA1c in those with long duration (> 5 years) Type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of 221 people (median age 24 years) with Type 1 diabetes. We confirmed ongoing endogenous insulin secretion by measuring C-peptide after a mixed-meal tolerance test. We compared self-reported hypoglycaemia (n = 160), HbA1c , insulin dose and microvascular complications (n = 140) in those with preserved and low C-peptide. RESULTS Stimulated median (IQR) C-peptide was 114 (43, 273) pmol/l and < 3 (< 3, < 3) pmol/l in those with preserved and low C-peptide respectively. Participants with preserved C-peptide had lower reported monthly rates of hypoglycaemia, with 21% fewer symptomatic episodes, 5.9 vs. 7.5 [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.79, P = 0.001], and 65% fewer asymptomatic episodes, 1.0 vs. 2.9 (IRR 0.35, P < 0.001). Those with preserved C-peptide had a lower insulin dose (0.68 vs. 0.81 units/kg, P = 0.01) but similar HbA1c (preserved 69 vs. low 67 mmol/mol, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Adults with Type 1 diabetes and preserved endogenous insulin production receiving usual care in the UK have lower daily insulin doses and fewer self-reported hypoglycaemic episodes, but no difference in HbA1c . This is consistent with non-intensive treatment in previous studies, and suggests a need to consider therapy intensification to gain full benefit of preserved endogenous insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Marren
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
| | - S. Hammersley
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - T. J. McDonald
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Blood SciencesRoyal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - B. M. Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - B. A. Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - A. Hill
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - R. Bolt
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - T. I. Tree
- Department of ImmunobiologySchool of Immunobiology & Microbial SciencesKings College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - B. O. Roep
- Department of Diabetes ImmunologyDiabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA
- Department of Immunohaematology & Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - A. T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - A. G. Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - R. A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, ExeterExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research FacilityUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
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Sansone A, Lauretta R, Vottari S, Chiefari A, Barnabei A, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Specific and Non-Specific Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1113. [PMID: 31382663 PMCID: PMC6721814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is a challenging task: Symptoms are rarely specific, and clinical manifestations are often evident only when metastases are already present. However, several bioactive substances secreted by NETs can be included for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. Expression of these substances differs between different NETs according to the tumor hormone production. Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs originate from the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets cells: These tumors may produce many non-specific and specific substances, such as chromogranin A, insulin, gastrin, glucagon, and serotonin, which shape the clinical manifestations of the NETs. To provide an up-to-date reference concerning the different biomarkers, as well as their main limitations, we reviewed and summarized existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sansone
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Lauretta
- Internal Medicine, Angioloni Hospital, San Piero in Bagno, 47026 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vottari
- Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Chiefari
- Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Agnese Barnabei
- Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Hellström W, Hansen-Pupp I, Hellgren G, Engström E, Stigson L, Sävman K, Ley D, Löfqvist C. C-peptide suppression during insulin infusion in the extremely preterm infant is associated with insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3902-3910. [PMID: 31058966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Little is known about the individual response of glucose-regulating factors to administration of exogenous insulin infusion in extremely preterm infants. OBJECTIVE To evaluate longitudinal serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucose levels in a high frequency sampling regimen in extremely preterm infants treated with insulin due to hyperglycemia. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Two university hospitals in Sweden between December 2015 and September 2016. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Serum samples were obtained from nine extremely preterm infants, gestational age between 22(+3) and 26(+5) weeks(+days), with hyperglycemia (plasma-glucose >10 mmol/L) at the start of insulin infusion, at 12, 24, and every 24 hours thereafter during ongoing infusion, and 12, 24, and 72 hours after the end of insulin infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Longitudinal serum concentrations of insulin and C-peptide and plasma glucose levels. RESULTS During insulin infusion, the serum C-peptide concentrations decreased compared to at start of infusion (p = 0.036), and then increased after ending the infusion. Individual insulin sensitivity based on the non-fasting plasma glucose/insulin ratio at the start of insulin infusion correlated with the initial decrease in serum ΔC-peptide[After 12h] (p = 0.007) and the degree of lasting decrease in serum ΔC-peptide[After end of infusion] (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Exogenous insulin infusion suppressed the C-peptide concentration to individually different degrees. In addition, the effect of insulin infusion on β-cells may be linked to individual insulin sensitivity, where a low insulin sensitivity resulted in a more pronounced decrease in C-peptide during insulin infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hellström
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansen-Pupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hellgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Engström
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Stigson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sävman
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chatarina Löfqvist
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Martin JH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Cafe SL, Sutherland JM, Frost ER, Nixon B, Lord T. Investigation into the presence and functional significance of proinsulin C-peptide in the female germline†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1275-1289. [PMID: 30715203 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with poor oocyte quality and the dysregulation of ovarian function and is thus a leading contributor to the increasing prevalence of female reproductive pathologies. Accordingly, it is well-established that insulin fulfills a key role in the regulation of several facets of female reproduction. What remains less certain is whether proinsulin C-peptide, which has recently been implicated in cellular signaling cascades, holds a functional role in the female germline. In the present study, we examined the expression of insulin, C-peptide, and its purported receptor; GPR146, within the mouse ovary and oocyte. Our data establish the presence of abundant C-peptide within follicular fluid and raise the prospect that this bioactive peptide is internalized by oocytes in a G-protein coupled receptor-dependent manner. Further, our data reveal that internalized C-peptide undergoes pronounced subcellular relocalization from the ooplasm to the pronuclei postfertilization. The application of immunoprecipitation analysis and mass spectrometry identified breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2), the meiotic resumption/DNA repair protein, as a primary binding partner for C-peptide within the oocyte. Collectively, these findings establish a novel accumulation profile for C-peptide in the female germline and provide the first evidence for an interaction between C-peptide and BRCA2. This interaction is particularly intriguing when considering the propensity for oocytes from diabetic women to experience aberrant meiotic resumption and perturbation of traditional DNA repair processes. This therefore provides a clear imperative for further investigation of the implications of dysregulated C-peptide production in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shenae L Cafe
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jessie M Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Emily R Frost
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tessa Lord
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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36
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Essid SM, Bevington A, Brunskill NJ. Proinsulin C-Peptide Enhances Cell Survival and Protects against Simvastatin-Induced Myotoxicity in L6 Rat Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071654. [PMID: 30987105 PMCID: PMC6479794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair capacity of progenitor skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is decreased. This is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle function. In T1DM, the deficiency of C-peptide along with insulin is associated with an impairment of skeletal muscle functions such as growth, and repair, and is thought to be an important contributor to increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) have also been reported to increase the risk of skeletal muscle dysfunction. We hypothesised that C-peptide activates key signaling pathways in myoblasts, thus promoting cell survival and protecting against simvastatin-induced myotoxicity. This was tested by investigating the effects of C-peptide on the L6 rat myoblast cell line under serum-starved conditions. Results: C-peptide at concentrations as low as 0.03 nM exerted stimulatory effects on intracellular signaling pathways—MAP kinase (ERK1/2) and Akt. When apoptosis was induced by simvastatin, 3 nM C-peptide potently suppressed the apoptotic effect through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Simvastatin strongly impaired Akt signaling and stimulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; suggesting that Akt signaling and oxidative stress are important factors in statin-induced apoptosis in L6 myoblasts. The findings indicate that C-peptide exerts an important protective effect against death signaling in myoblasts. Therefore, in T1DM, the deficiency of C-peptide may contribute to myopathy by rendering myoblast-like progenitor cells (involved in muscle regeneration) more susceptible to the toxic effects of insults such as simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Mohamed Essid
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7 RH, UK.
| | - Alan Bevington
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7 RH, UK.
| | - Nigel J Brunskill
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7 RH, UK.
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37
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Jansson L, Carlsson PO. Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:799-837. [PMID: 30892693 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets are more richly vascularized than the exocrine pancreas, and possess a 5- to 10-fold higher basal and stimulated blood flow, which is separately regulated. This is reflected in the vascular anatomy of the pancreas where islets have separate arterioles. There is also an insulo-acinar portal system, where numerous venules connect each islet to the acinar capillaries. Both islets and acini possess strong metabolic regulation of their blood perfusion. Of particular importance, especially in the islets, is adenosine and ATP/ADP. Basal and stimulated blood flow is modified by local endothelial mediators, the nervous system as well as gastrointestinal hormones. Normally the responses to the nervous system, especially the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, are fairly similar in endocrine and exocrine parts. The islets seem to be more sensitive to the effects of endothelial mediators, especially nitric oxide, which is a permissive factor to maintain the high basal islet blood flow. The gastrointestinal hormones with pancreatic effects mainly influence the exocrine pancreatic blood flow, whereas islets are less affected. A notable exception is incretin hormones and adipokines, which preferentially affect islet vasculature. Islet hormones can influence both exocrine and endocrine blood vessels, and these complex effects are discussed. Secondary changes in pancreatic and islet blood flow occur during several conditions. To what extent changes in blood perfusion may affect the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases is discussed. Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis are conditions where we think there is evidence that blood flow may contribute to disease manifestations. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:799-837, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Jansson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Alves MT, Ortiz MMO, Dos Reis GVOP, Dusse LMS, Carvalho MDG, Fernandes AP, Gomes KB. The dual effect of C-peptide on cellular activation and atherosclerosis: Protective or not? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3071. [PMID: 30160822 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide is a cleavage product of proinsulin that acts on different type of cells, such as blood and endothelial cells. C-peptide biological effects may be different in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Besides, there are further evidence for a functional interaction between C-peptide and insulin. In this way, C-peptide has ambiguous effects, acting as an antithrombotic or thrombotic molecule, depending on the physiological environment and disease conditions. Moreover, C-peptide regulates interaction of leucocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets with the endothelium. The beneficial effects include stimulation of nitric oxide production with its subsequent release by platelets and endothelium, the interaction with erythrocytes leading to the generation of adenosine triphosphate, and inhibition of atherogenic cytokine release. The undesirable action of C-peptide includes the chemotaxis of monocytes, lymphocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Also, C-peptide was related with increased lipid deposits and elevated smooth muscle cells proliferation in the vessel wall, contributing to atherosclerosis. Purpose of this review is to explore these dual roles of C-peptide on the blood, contributing at one side to haemostasis and the other to atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teodoro Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mylena Maira Oliveira Ortiz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luci Maria Sant'Ana Dusse
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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39
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Chan CKY, Fabek H, Mollard RC, Jones PJH, Tulbek MC, Chibbar RN, Gangola MP, Ramadoss BR, Sánchez-Hernández D, Anderson GH. Faba bean protein flours added to pasta reduce post-ingestion glycaemia, and increase satiety, protein content and quality. Food Funct 2019; 10:7476-7488. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Durum Wheat Semolina (DWS) pastas with added fababean (FB) protein flour reduce postprandial blood glucose and appetite and have higher nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K. Y. Chan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hrvoje Fabek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Mollard
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
- University of Manitoba
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | | | | | - Manu P. Gangola
- Department of Plant Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | | | | | - G. Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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40
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Carroll KR, Elfers EE, Stevens JJ, McNally JP, Hildeman DA, Jordan MB, Katz JD. Extending Remission and Reversing New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes by Targeted Ablation of Autoreactive T Cells. Diabetes 2018; 67:2319-2328. [PMID: 30104248 PMCID: PMC6198341 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preserving endogenous insulin production is clinically advantageous and remains a vital unmet challenge in the treatment and reversal of type 1 diabetes. Although broad immunosuppression has had limited success in prolonging the so-called remission period, it comes at the cost of compromising beneficial immunity. Here, we used a novel strategy to specifically deplete the activated diabetogenic T cells that drive pathogenesis while preserving not only endogenous insulin production but also protective immunity. Effector T (Teff) cells, such as diabetogenic T cells, are naturally poised on the edge of apoptosis because of activation-induced DNA damage that stresses the p53 regulation of the cell cycle. We have found that using small molecular inhibitors that further potentiate p53 while inhibiting the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control drives apoptosis of activated T cells in vivo. When delivered at the onset of disease, these inhibitors significantly reduce diabetogenic Teff cells, prolong remission, preserve functional islets, and protect islet allografts while leaving naive, memory, and regulatory T-cell populations functionally untouched. Thus, the targeted manipulation of p53 and cell cycle checkpoints represents a new therapeutic modality for the preservation of islet β-cells in new-onset type 1 diabetes or after islet transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Carroll
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Eileen E Elfers
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph J Stevens
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan P McNally
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan D Katz
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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41
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Kamata S, Yamamoto J, Ohtani H, Tosaka Y, Yoshikawa S, Akahoshi N, Ishii I. 2D DIGE proteomic analysis reveals fasting-induced protein remodeling through organ-specific transcription factor(s) in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1524-1543. [PMID: 30186752 PMCID: PMC6120221 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnight fasting is a routine procedure before surgery in clinical settings. Intermittent fasting is the most common diet/fitness trend implemented for weight loss and the treatment of lifestyle‐related diseases. In either setting, the effects not directly related to parameters of interest, either beneficial or harmful, are often ignored. We previously demonstrated differential activation of cellular adaptive responses in 13 atrophied/nonatrophied organs of fasted mice by quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression. Here, we investigated 2‐day fasting‐induced protein remodeling in six major mouse organs (liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, brain, and testis) using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) proteomics as an alternative means to examine systemic adaptive responses. Quantitative analysis of protein expression followed by protein identification using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) revealed that the expression levels of 72, 26, and 14 proteins were significantly up‐ or downregulated in the highly atrophied liver, thymus, and spleen, respectively, and the expression levels of 32 proteins were up‐ or downregulated in the mildly atrophied kidney. Conversely, there were no significant protein expression changes in the nonatrophied organs, brain and testis. Upstream regulator analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver and kidney and by tumor protein/suppressor p53 (TP53) in the thymus, spleen, and liver. These results imply of the existence of both common and distinct adaptive responses between major mouse organs, which involve transcriptional regulation of specific protein expression upon short‐term fasting. Our data may be valuable in understanding systemic transcriptional regulation upon fasting in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruka Ohtani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Tosaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayumi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
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42
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Oliveira CM, Domingueti CP. The role of C-peptide in the attenuation of outcomes of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 40:375-387. [PMID: 30106427 PMCID: PMC6533998 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Preclinical trials have shown that C-peptide may contribute to the treatment
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This systematic review and meta-analysis
aimed to assess the use of C-peptide in attenuating the outcomes of DKD. Methods: Searches were made on databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scielo for in
vivo clinical and preclinical trials written in English, Portuguese or
Spanish that looked into the use of C-peptide in the attenuation of the
outcomes of DKD. Results: Twelve papers were included in this review, one clinical and eleven
preclinical trials. In the clinical trial, DKD patients given C-peptide had
lower levels of albuminuria than the subjects in the control group, but
glomerular filtration rates were not significantly different. The main
parameters assessed in the preclinical trials were glomerular filtration
rate (six trials) and albuminuria (five trials); three trials described less
hyperfiltration and three reported lower levels of albuminuria in the groups
offered C-peptide. The meta-analysis revealed that the animals given
C-peptide had lower glomerular volumes and lower urine potassium levels than
the groups not given C-peptide. Conclusion: The results of the studies included in the systematic review diverged.
However, the meta-analysis showed that the animals given C-peptide had lower
glomerular volumes and lower urine potassium levels.
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43
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Li Y, Zhong Y, Gong W, Gao X, Qi H, Liu K, Qi J. C-peptide prevents SMAD3 binding to alpha promoters to inhibit collagen type IV synthesis. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:47-56. [PMID: 29844093 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1)/SMAD3 signaling may lead to additional synthesis of collagen type IV (COL4), which is a major contributor to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). C-peptide can attenuate fibrosis to have unique beneficial effects in DN. However, whether and how C-peptide affects TGFB1/SMAD3-activated COL4 synthesis is unclear. In this study, pathological changes, expression of COL4 a1-a5 chains (Col4a1-a5), COL4 distribution and protein and TGFB1 and SMAD3 protein were first assessed in a rat model of diabetes. Then, rat mesangial cells were treated with high glucose (HG) and/or C-peptide to investigate the underlying mechanism. Col4a1-a5 expression, COL4 protein and secretion, TGFB1 protein, SMAD3 nuclear translocation and binding of SMAD3 to its cognate sites in the promoters of Col4a1a2, Col4a3a4 and Col4a5 were measured. It was found that C-peptide attenuated glomerular pathological changes and suppressed renal Col4a1-a5 mRNA expression, COL4 protein content and TGFB1 protein content. C-peptide had a dose-dependent effect to inhibit Col4a1-a5 mRNA expression, COL4 protein content and secretion, in HG-stimulated mesangial cells. In addition, the HG-induced increase in TGFB1 protein content was significantly reduced by C-peptide. Although not apparently affecting SMAD3 nuclear translocation, C-peptide prevented SMAD3 from binding to its sites in the Col4a1a2, Col4a3a4 and Col4a5 promoters in HG-stimulated mesangial cells. In conclusion, C-peptide could prevent SMAD3 from binding to its sites in the Col4a1a2, Col4a3a4 and Col4a5 promoters, to inhibit COL4 generation. These results may provide a mechanism for the alleviation of fibrosis in DN by C-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Molecular BiologyHebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of BiochemistryHebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjian Gong
- Department of Molecular BiologyHebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuehan Gao
- Department of Molecular BiologyHebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huanli Qi
- Department of BiochemistryHebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of BiochemistryHebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of BiochemistryHebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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44
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Li Y, Li X, He K, Li B, Liu K, Qi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Luo W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2018; 32:2269-2279. [PMID: 29229684 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700891r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide (CP) has demonstrated unique beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but whether and how CP regulates NF-κB and its coactivator, p300, to suppress inducible iNOS and antagonize DN are unknown. iNOS expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, colocalization and binding of NF-κB to p300, binding of NF-κB to the inos promoter, and the bound NF-κB, p300, and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) at binding sites were measured in high glucose-stimulated mesangial cells. We evaluated pathologic changes, iNOS expression, NF-κB, and p300 contents in diabetic rats. We found that CP inhibited iNOS expression and notably prevented colocalization and binding of NF-κB and p300. CP prevented NF-κB from binding to the inos promoter, especially at the distal site, and reduced bound NF-κB, p300, and H3K9ac. N-terminal plus middle fragment could mostly mimic the antagonizing effects of CP against the pathologic changes of DN and equally suppresses renal iNOS expression as CP. In conclusion, CP prevented NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter, and decreased H3K9ac at the binding sites to suppress iNOS expression and antagonize DN, with the effect region identified as N-terminal plus middle fragment.-Li, Y., Li, X., He, K., Li, B., Liu, K., Qi, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Luo, W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunyu He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weigang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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45
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Shpakov AO. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghorbani A, Shafiee-Nick R, Zojaji SA, Rajabi-Mashhadi MT. Physiological effects of proinsulin-connecting peptide in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Physiol Int 2017. [PMID: 28648118 DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that proinsulin-connecting peptide (C-peptide) may exhibit characteristics of a hormone and show physiological functions in various tissues. This study was aimed to determine whether C-peptide could be involved in the regulation of lipolysis, adiponectin release, and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adipose tissue. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was cultured in the presence of C-peptide. The level of lipolysis was determined by glycerol measurement in the conditioned media. Effect of C-peptide on adiponectin secretion was evaluated in differentiated adipocytes. The adipogenic and osteogenic abilities of adipose MSCs were evaluated using oil red and alizarin red staining, respectively. The tetrazolium bromide test was conducted for evaluating the effect of C-peptide on MSCs proliferation. C-peptide induced a significant decrease in basal lipolysis at concentrations of 8 and 16 nM (p < 0.05). It had no significant effects on isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, adiponectin secretion, and adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. At a concentration of 4 nM, this peptide significantly increased the proliferative capability of MSCs (p < 0.05). These results suggest that C-peptide has some physiological effects in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and contributes to the regulation of basal lipolysis and pool of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghorbani
- 1 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - R Shafiee-Nick
- 1 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - S A Zojaji
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - M T Rajabi-Mashhadi
- 3 Department of Surgery, Omid Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.,4 Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
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Reddy S, Amutha A, Rajalakshmi R, Bhaskaran R, Monickaraj F, Rangasamy S, Anjana RM, Abhijit S, Gokulakrishnan K, Das A, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Association of increased levels of MCP-1 and cathepsin-D in young onset type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM-Y) with severity of diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:804-809. [PMID: 28336215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Young onset type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM-Y) have been shown to possess an increased risk of developing microvascular complications particularly diabetic retinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and cathepsin-D in patients with T2DM-Y without and with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS In this case-control study, participants comprised individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT=40), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM=35), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR=35) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR=35). Clinical characterization of the study subjects was done by standard procedures and MCP-1 and cathepsin-D were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared to control individuals, patients with T2DM-Y, NPDR and PDR exhibited significantly (p<0.001) higher levels of MCP-1. Cathepsin-D levels were also significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with T2DM-Y without and with diabetic retinopathy. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association (p<0.001) between MCP-1 and cathepsin-D levels. There was also a significant negative correlation of MCP1/cathepsin-D with C-peptide levels. The association of increased levels of MCP-1/cathepsin-D in patients with DR persisted even after adjusting for all the confounding factors. CONCLUSION As both MCP-1 and cathepsin-D are molecular signatures of cellular senescence, we suggest that these biomarkers might be useful to predict the development of retinopathy in T2DM-Y patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Reddy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Anandakumar Amutha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Ramachandran Rajalakshmi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Regin Bhaskaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Finny Monickaraj
- Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sampathkumar Rangasamy
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Shiny Abhijit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Arup Das
- Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Dr. Rema Mohan High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Lab, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India..
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Tsiolaki PL, Louros NN, Zompra AA, Hamodrakas SJ, Iconomidou VA. Unraveling the aggregation propensity of human insulin C-peptide. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [PMID: 27257781 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, proinsulin C-peptide emerged as an important player in various biological events. Much time and effort has been spent in exploring all functional features of C-peptide and recording its implications in Diabetes mellitus. Only a few studies, though, have addressed C-peptide oligomerization and link this procedure with Diabetes. The aim of our work was to examine the aggregation propensity of C-peptide, utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy, Congo Red staining, ATR-FTIR, and X-ray fiber diffraction at a 10 mg ml-1 concentration. Our experimental work clearly shows that C-peptide self-assembles into amyloid-like fibrils and therefore, the aggregation propensity of C-peptide is a characteristic novel feature that should be related to physiological and also pathological conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 108: 1-8, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi L Tsiolaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | - Nikolaos N Louros
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | | | - Stavros J Hamodrakas
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
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Zanin JP, Unsain N, Anastasia A. Growth factors and hormones pro-peptides: the unexpected adventures of the BDNF prodomain. J Neurochem 2017; 141:330-340. [PMID: 28218971 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most growth factors and hormones are synthesized as pre-pro-proteins which are processed to the biologically active mature protein. The pre- and prodomains are cleaved from the precursor protein in the secretory pathway or, in some cases, extracellularly. The canonical functions of these prodomains are to assist in folding and stabilization of the mature domain, to direct intra and extracellular localization, to facilitate storage, and to regulate bioavailability of their mature counterpart. Recently, exciting evidence has revealed that prodomains of certain growth factors, after cleaved from the precursor pro-protein, can act as independent active signaling molecules. In this review, we discuss the various classical functions of prodomains, and the biological consequences of these pro-peptides acting as ligands. We will focus our attention on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor prodomain (pBDNF), which has been recently described as a novel secreted ligand influencing neuronal morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Zanin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicolás Unsain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agustin Anastasia
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
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Qiao X, Zheng H, Zhang S, Liu S, Xiong Q, Mao F, Zhang Z, Wen J, Ye H, Li Y, Lu B. C-peptide is independent associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a community-based study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:12. [PMID: 28228847 PMCID: PMC5307841 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is controversial, the aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between C-peptide and DPN in community-based Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In total, 220 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients treated by our regional medical consortium were enrolled. DPN was assessed by clinical symptoms, signs, and electromyography. RESULTS Fasting C-peptide, 2-h postprandial C-peptide and ΔC-peptide (i.e., 2-h postprandial C-peptide minus the fasting C-peptide) serum concentrations in the non-DPN group were significantly higher than those in the clinical DPN group (all P ≤ 0.040) and the confirmed DPN group (all P < 0.002). The three C-peptide parameters were independently associated with DPN (all P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking status, systolic pressure, body mass index, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker use, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Compared with the ΔC-peptide quartile 1 (reference), patients in quartile 3 (odds ratio [OR], 0.110; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.026-0.466; P = 0.003) and quartile 4 (OR, 0.012; 95% CI 0.026-0.559; P = 0.007) had a lower risk of DPN after adjusting for the confounders. CONCLUSIONS C-peptide was negatively associated with DPN in community-based Chinese type 2 diabetic patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hangping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Siying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Jing’an Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Jing’an Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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