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Mikita K, Mori T, Komine T, Kobayashi S, Iwata S, Suzuki K, Hasegawa N. Development of a LAMP method with lateral flow DNA chromatography to diagnose toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:45. [PMID: 38978129 PMCID: PMC11229303 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is critical, particularly for immunocompromised patients. Several molecular methods could have value for toxoplasmosis diagnosis, but often require sophisticated and expensive equipment, and as such are impractical for use in resource-limited countries. Our study aimed to develop a new rapid diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis that can be used in developed countries as well as low- or middle-income countries. METHODS Common primers for conventional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the new LAMP DNA chromatography method were designed based on a 529-bp repeat present in Toxoplasma gondii genomic DNA. A total of 91 clinical samples from 44 patients suspected of having toxoplasmosis who were treated at several hospitals across Japan were tested using the new LAMP DNA chromatography method, conventional LAMP, and nested PCR and the sensitivity and specificity of the methods was compared. RESULTS The LAMP DNA chromatography method showed better sensitivity and specificity (68.2% and 100%, respectively) compared with the nested PCR (45.4% and 100%, respectively) and conventional LAMP (63.6% and 100%, respectively) methods for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. LAMP DNA chromatography also has better sensitivity and specificity (75% and 100%, respectively) than nested PCR (50.0% and 93.5%, respectively) and conventional LAMP (62.5% and 100%, respectively) to diagnose toxoplasma encephalitis using CSF samples. CONCLUSION We developed a LAMP DNA chromatography method to detect T. gondii DNA in clinical samples. This method also successfully detected T. gondii DNA in CSF from patients with toxoplasma encephalitis. This newly developed method can be a valuable rapid diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis in a range of settings, including resource-limited areas like those in low- or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mikita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamayo Komine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiki Kobayashi
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Puspitasari H, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin M, Kusnoto K, Yudaniayanti IS, Setiawan B, Suprihati E, Aksono EB, Widodo DP, Wardhana AH, Matsubayashi M, Indasari EN. Molecular detection of toxoplasmosis in wild rats using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Vet World 2024; 17:1575-1580. [PMID: 39185038 PMCID: PMC11344104 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1575-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the only known hosts that excrete resistant oocysts. Wild rats serve as crucial reservoirs and intermediate hosts for T. gondii's survival and dissemination. Consuming soil and water containing oocysts can lead to illness. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild rats through molecular detection as an indicator of environmental contamination in Surabaya. Materials and Methods One hundred rats were collected from the three areas (housing, dense settlements, and traditional markets) and distributed into the five zones: West, East, Central, North, and South of Surabaya. Brain tissue samples were extracted using a Geneaid™ (New Taipei City, Taiwan) DNA isolation kit and analyzed through the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. Results The study analyzed brain tissue from 100 wild rats, consisting of 77 Rattus tanezumi and 33 Rattus norvegicus, displaying 30% LAMP positivity. The study revealed that 30% (30/100) of wild rats tested were infected with T. gondii. The molecular prevalence rate in male rats was 32.35% (22/68), compared to females with 25% (8/32). 41.9% of the housing population, 33.3% of traditional markets, and 22.6% of dense settlements had the highest molecular prevalence. The high positive molecular rate at the trapping site can be attributed to cats and dense populations. Conclusion Thirty percentage wild rats were tested positive for toxoplasmosis in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia using LAMP method. Implementing strict control and monitoring is crucial in preventing the transmission of diseases from wild rats to humans. It is necessary to carry out further research related to genetic analysis of T. gondii to determine the type of T. gondii that infects animals and humans in Surabaya through bioassay and molecular test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heni Puspitasari
- Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mufasirin Mufasirin
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kusnoto Kusnoto
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ira Sari Yudaniayanti
- Division of Clinic Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Boedi Setiawan
- Division of Clinic Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprihati
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Eduardus Bimo Aksono
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Priyo Widodo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - April Hari Wardhana
- Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Organization for Health, National Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan Univesity, Osaka, Japan, 598-8531
| | - Elly Nur Indasari
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65144, Indonesia
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Sheng L, Xue Q, Xu S, Can F, Yao N, Zou M, Teng Q, Li Y, El-Ashram S, Ji Y, Zhao J. Rapid and visual detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst in cat feces using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17269. [PMID: 37828080 PMCID: PMC10570283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate parasitic protozoon that transmits to animals and humans via ingested food. Cats that act as T. gondii's final hosts play a critical role in T. gondii transmission by shedding millions of oocysts. Timely diagnosis of infected cats is essential for preventing toxoplasmosis because oocysts are a putative T. gondii source in epidemiology. We developed a new visual LAMP assay targeting the B1 gene to analyze single oocysts in cat feces in this study. The amplification result could be visually estimated based on the color change. LAMP assay analytical sensitivity was 101 copies/µL for the B1 gene plasmid, which was tenfold better than the PCR reaction. There were no cross-reactions with other parasites. The LAMP assay can detect a single T. gondii oocyst in 200 mg of cat feces. The LAMP assay detected a single oocyst in 200 mg cat feces at a higher rate than the PCR assay (83.3% vs. 50.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Sheng
- Medical Laboratory Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqi Xue
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Medical Laboratory Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Can
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Minghui Zou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Qiao Teng
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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Hegazy MK, Saleh NE, Aboukamar WA. Detection of chronic toxoplasmosis in the brain of mice using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and conventional PCR. Exp Parasitol 2023:108556. [PMID: 37247801 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the world's population. It is a disease with multiple manifestations. In immunocompetent individuals, symptoms are mild and flu-like, whereas, in immunocompromised patients, it often results in severe morbidity and mortality. Thus, studies for developing a simple, rapid diagnostic tool for early detection of Toxoplasma are emerging. Molecular diagnosis is highly accurate and helpful in congenitally infected and immunocompromised patients. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was invented to improve nucleic acid amplification efficacy in terms of sensitivity and specificity. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to validate a LAMP protocol for detecting Toxoplasma DNA in the brain homogenates from mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma's ME-49 (cyst-forming type II) strain in comparison to PCR. METHODS In this study, the target DNA fragment was the Toxoplasma 529-bp, repeated 200-300 copies/genome. The sensitivity of both LAMP and conventional PCR techniques was estimated in brain homogenates in experimental mice at eight weeks post-infection and compared to the histopathology data. RESULTS The LAMP reaction showed positive results in 18 of the 26 examined samples of brain homogenates. PCR showed the characteristic 529-bp band in 15 of the 26 examined samples. CONCLUSION The LAMP showed a higher sensitivity over PCR in detecting Toxoplasma infection in brain homogenates of infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Hegazy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nora E Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Aboukamar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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5
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Wesołowski R, Pawłowska M, Smoguła M, Szewczyk-Golec K. Advances and Challenges in Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis in HIV-Infected Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:110. [PMID: 36678458 PMCID: PMC9862295 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide distributed protozoan parasite. This apicomplexan parasite infects one-third of the population worldwide, causing toxoplasmosis, considered one of the neglected parasitic infections. In healthy humans, most infections are asymptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients, the course of the disease can be life-threatening. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have a very high burden of Toxoplasma gondii co-infection. Thus, it is essential to use modern, sensitive, and specific methods to properly monitor the course of toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Pawłowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Evaluating the performance of LAMP diagnostic test in the detection of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vinayaka AC, Golabi M, Than TLQ, Wolff A, Bang DD. Point-of-care diagnosis of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in bloodstream infections using immunomagnetic capture and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. N Biotechnol 2022; 66:1-7. [PMID: 34428583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis is gaining worldwide attention as an emerging disease cluster among bloodstream infections. The disease has the highest burden among immunocompromised and malnourished children in resource-limited areas due to poor access to reliable and rapid diagnostics. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are promising for use in such low infrastructure laboratory settings. However, there still remains a major challenge for POC testing to deal with the complexity of blood matrices in rapid detection of an extremely low concentration of blood-borne pathogens. In this work, the challenges were addressed by combining magnetic bead based pathogen concentration and Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technology. Sensitivity and performance of the combined approach were determined and compared with a direct PCR method. A direct visual detection strategy, adapted using SYTO-24 DNA intercalating dye, resulted in a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 14 CFU/mL in blood samples with a total analysis time of less than 2 h, including sample preparation. This approach has the potential for wide application as a high-throughput POC testing method to analyze pathogens in clinical, food, feed and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaydha C Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thi Linh Quyen Than
- Biolabchip Group, Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Biolabchip Group, Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang D Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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Rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in cat feces using colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting RE and B1 genes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 81:101745. [PMID: 35030533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate protozoan parasite that can infect mammals and birds. Cats are the definitive host of T. gondii and have a very important role in transmission of toxoplasmosis due to the shedding of millions of unsporulated oocysts, that become infective in the environment. Since cats play a major key role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, rapid and accurate diagnosis of infected cats has utmost importance. In this study, we developed a novel colorimetric loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay detecting T. gondii RE gene and modified a previously developed colorimetric LAMP assay targeting B1 gene to detect T. gondii DNA in cat feces for the first time. The analytical sensitivity of colorimetric LAMP assays was determined using plasmid controls. The clinical sensitivities of both colorimetric LAMPs were determined using cat fecal DNA samples that were confirmed to be positive by two different real-time PCRs in our previous study. According to the results, analytical sensitivities of both assays were 1 copy plasmid/reaction. Using real-time PCR as a reference method, sensitivities of colorimetric LAMP assays targeting RE and B1 genes were 100% and 97.56% whereas specificities of both assays were 100%. Overall, the colorimetric LAMP RE assay developed in this study brings an advantage in the diagnosis of T. gondii in cat fecal samples since it has higher sensitivity, does not need for experienced personnel, and can be applied in basic laboratories or in the field.
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Zeedan GSG, Abdalhamed AM, Shaapan RM, El-Namaky AH. Rapid diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in camels and small ruminants. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to detect the presence of T. gondii in milk and blood samples using three different assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP). Whole blood, serum, and milk samples were collected from goats (n = 156), sheep (n = 261), and camels (n = 108) in different governorates in Egypt from December 2019 to February 2021 and screened by ELISA for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies before DNA extraction. The target T. gondii DNA gene was detected and evaluated using the LAMP assay compared to PCR.
Results
T. gondii antibodies were found in milk and serum samples at the rates of (29.26%) and (36.58%) in camels, (34.18%) and (35.89%) in sheep, and (33.7%) and (36.36%) in goats, respectively. Similar to PCR, the percentages of LAMP tests for the detection of the T. gondii DNA gene in milk and blood samples of camels, sheep, and goats were (4.8, 14.63), (6.83, 7.69), and (7.79, 9.09), respectively. LAMP's sensitivity for detecting T. gondii in milk and blood samples, which was identical to that of PCR, was 100%.
Conclusions
The findings clearly demonstrated that there were no variations in T. gondii detection capabilities in milk and blood samples from various animals using both PCR and LAMP tests. It provides a quick, precise, and sensitive method of detecting T. gondii in a variety of samples that may be used both in the field and in laboratory diagnosis.
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Shamaev ND, Shuralev EA, Nikitin OV, Mukminov MN, Davidyuk YN, Belyaev AN, Isaeva GS, Ziatdinov VB, Khammadov NI, Safina RF, Salmanova GR, Akhmedova GM, Khaertynov KS, Saito T, Kitoh K, Takashima Y. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among small mammals in Tatarstan, Russian Federation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22184. [PMID: 34772977 PMCID: PMC8589860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment. Mass mortality in wild animals and deaths in rare endemic species make the study of this parasite of growing importance. In this study, T. gondii infection prevalence was evaluated in brain tissues from 474 small mammals captured at 26 trapping points in urban and rural areas of Tatarstan, Russian Federation. Nested PCR was used to detect the T. gondii B1 gene in the samples. Overall, 40/474 samples (8.44%) showed B1 gene positivity. T. gondii infection among the wild small mammals trapped in the rural area was significantly higher as a whole than that of the urban area as a whole. Multivariate logistical regression analysis also showed that the trapping area (rural or urban) significantly contributed to T. gondii positivity. Vegetation in the trapping points, small mammal species, sex, age or distance from the trapping points to the nearest human settlements did not significantly affect T. gondii positivity in the sampled small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai D Shamaev
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eduard A Shuralev
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420012
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine by N.E. Bauman, 35 Sibirskiy Trakt St., Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420029
| | - Oleg V Nikitin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420012
| | - Yuriy N Davidyuk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
| | - Alexander N Belyaev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420008
| | - Guzel Sh Isaeva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 67 Bolshaya Krasnaya, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420015
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420012
| | - Vasil B Ziatdinov
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 67 Bolshaya Krasnaya, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420015
| | - Nail I Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420075
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine by N.E. Bauman, 35 Sibirskiy Trakt St., Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420029
| | - Regina F Safina
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420075
| | - Gaysha R Salmanova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420075
| | - Guzel M Akhmedova
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420012
| | - Kamil S Khaertynov
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420012
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420075
| | - Taizo Saito
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kitoh
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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11
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Mirahmadi H, Kazemipour N, Yazdiani A, Mehravaran A, Basseri HR, Mohammadi L, Alijani E. Investigation of LAMP Technique in Diagnosis Type of Plasmodium Species in Anopheles Mosquitoes :A Fast and Practical Technique to Detect Malaria Pathogens in the Field. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:743-752. [PMID: 34703173 PMCID: PMC8512941 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is one of the main parasitic diseases and a major health issue in some countries. This study aims to determine the rate and type of infections of Anopheles mosquitoes with malaria parasites using the molecular LAMP method in the Southeastern Iran. Methods In this study, 400 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by the Zahedan Medical Insecticide Center in Nikshahr City, a high-risk area of malaria transmission in Sistan-Baluchestan Province. The mosquitoes were caught manually (by hand) in domestic (humans and animals), natural, and artificial outdoor places (Shelter pits). After DNA extraction, the LAMP method was used, which was compared with Multiplex Nested-PCR as a standard method. Results Out of 400 samples collected from Nikshahr City, 6 samples (1.5%) were infected with Plasmodium vivax. No Plasmodium falciparum or a mix (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) was detected in this study. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that in places with transmission of both species, i.e. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, detection of malaria parasites by the LAMP method could be very useful in spotting infections in the field. Thus, molecular epidemiological studies could be conducted annually to monitor malaria in endemic regions. The results of this research show that contamination with mosquito malaria vectors is increasing in Nikshahr City, and it seems that more studies will be required to eliminate malaria until 2026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nadia Kazemipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Anis Yazdiani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Basseri
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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12
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Robert MG, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Garnaud C, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Pelloux H. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1529-1542. [PMID: 34112045 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic infection that can be particularly severe when opportunistic or congenital. Its diagnosis requires accurate and rapid techniques that rely mainly on serology and molecular methods. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review was to discuss the positioning of the molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis according to the different clinical situations possibly resulting from infection with T. gondii, and to detail recent developments in this technique. The English and French literature were searched with the following keywords: 'Toxoplasmosis', "Molecular diagnosis" and 'PCR'. EXPERT OPINION Molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, and practices have considerably evolved over the past decades. However, there is still a high degree of inter-laboratory heterogeneity which impairs comparisons between results and studies. Efforts to standardize practices are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gladys Robert
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.,Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose - Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
| | - Cécile Garnaud
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hervé Pelloux
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.,Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose - Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
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13
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Song Y, Zhao Y, Pan K, Shen B, Fang R, Hu M, Zhao J, Zhou Y. Characterization and evaluation of a recombinant multiepitope peptide antigen MAG in the serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:408. [PMID: 34404476 PMCID: PMC8369689 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a serious disease threatening human and animal health. People can be infected with T. gondii by ingesting raw pork contaminated with cysts or oocysts. Serological test is a sensitive and specific method usually used for large-scale diagnosis of T. gondii infection in humans and animals (such as pigs). Commercial pig Toxoplasma antibody ELISA diagnostic kits are expensive, which limits their use; moreover, the wide antigen composition used in these diagnostic kits is still unclear and difficult to standardize. The multiepitope peptide antigen is a novel diagnostic marker, and it has potential to be developed into more accurate and inexpensive diagnostic kits. Methods The synthetic multiepitope antigen (MAG) cDNA encoding a protein with epitopes from five T. gondii-dominant antigens (SAG1, GRA1, ROP2, GRA4, and MIC3) was designed, synthesized, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The recombinant protein was detected through western blot with pig anti-T. gondii-positive and -negative serum, and then IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) named MAG-ELISA was designed. The MAG-ELISA was evaluated in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and stability. The MAG-ELISA was also compared with a commercial PrioCHECK®Toxoplasma Ab porcine ELISA (PrioCHECK ELISA). Finally, the trend of pig anti-T. gondii IgG levels after artificial infection with RH tachyzoites was evaluated using MAG-ELISA and two other ELISA methods (rMIC3-ELISA and PrioCHECK ELISA). Results MAG antigen could be specifically recognized by pig anti-T. gondii-positive but not -negative serum. MAG-ELISA showed high diagnostic performance in terms of specificity (88.6%) and sensitivity (79.1%). MAG-ELISA could be used for detecting anti-T. gondii IgG in the early stage of T. gondii infection in pigs (at least 7 days after artificial infection). Conclusions Our results suggest that MAG antigen can be applied to specifically recognize anti-T. gondii IgG in pig, and MAG-ELISA has the potential for large-scale screening tests of T. gondii infection in pig farms and intensive industries. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04917-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Song
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Shen
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hashemi SM, Mahmoodi S, Mehravaran A, Mirahmadi H, Khabisi SA, Alijani E, Solgi R. Serological and molecular evaluation of toxoplasmosis in patient undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies in southeast of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Arab-Mazar Z, Javadi Mamaghani A, Fallahi S, Rajaeian S, Koochaki A, Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Rezaee H. Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (GRA) 5 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients. Semin Dial 2021; 34:332-337. [PMID: 33939858 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis causes serious complications in immunocompromised and pregnant women. Serological tests for the detection of toxoplasmosis are often designed from parasitic tachyzoites antigens. The process of producing these antigens is very difficult. The purpose of this study was evaluation of T. gondii-rGRA5 for the immunodiagnosis and molecular detection of Toxoplasma infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LAMP methods in hemodialysis patients. The GRA5 gene was successfully expressed and purified by affinity chromatography assay and evaluated by western blot. Then it was used to design an ELISA assay. A total of 260 samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit and designed ELISA kit. Finally, the LAMP method was used to evaluate the precision and reliability of the results obtained by commercial and designed ELISA kits. The consistency of the results of two methods was analyzed using the Kappa coefficient of agreement. The rGRA5 revealed higher immunoreactivity with 1:100 dilution of sera from toxoplasmosis patients. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were 93% and 96%, respectively. According to the Kappa coefficient, there was a substantial correlation between the results of ELISA and LAMP based on rGRA5 (≈98%, p < 0.001). Also it showed that rGRA5 protein can be used as an antigenic protein for designing sero-diagnostic tests to identify Toxoplasma infection especially in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab-Mazar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, Iran
| | - Simin Rajaeian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Rezaee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Azimian H, Shokrani H, Fallahi S. Molecular evaluation of Toxocara species in stray cats using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) technique as a rapid, sensitive and simple screening assay. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:647-653. [PMID: 33491880 PMCID: PMC8136963 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara species are parasitic nematodes of dogs and cats with a worldwide distribution. The adult worm lives in the intestine, and horizontal transmission of the infection occurs through eating paratenic host or embryonated eggs. This study aimed to estimate the molecular prevalence of Toxocara species in stray cats using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. A total of 95 stool samples were randomly collected from stray cats in Khorramabad city in western Iran. Microscopic examination was performed after the separation and extraction of supernatants. The LAMP reaction was performed using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene primers of Toxocara species and the appropriate master mix. The overall prevalence of Toxocara spp. in stray cats was 20% (19/95, CI 95%: 0.2 ± 0.08) by parasitological and molecular assessments. The microscopic examination of stool samples revealed that 19 samples were positive for Toxocara. The same 19 positive samples were also positive by the LAMP technique. Interestingly, based on the results of the LAMP assay, out of 95 studied samples, 18 (18.94%; CI 95%: 0.19 ± 0.08) specimens were Toxocara canis, while only 1 (1.05%; CI 95%: 0.005 ± 0.01) sample was diagnosed as Toxocara cati. The relatively high prevalence of Toxocara species in the studied cats shows the role of this species in spreading the parasite and the role of the cats in transmitting this zoonotic parasite. Preventive measures including the control of stray cat's population by castration and protection of public gardens where children play are recommended. The easy, highly sensitive and specific LAMP method is proposed for the differential detection of Toxocara species in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Azimian
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - Hamidreza Shokrani
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research CenterLorestan University of Medical ScienceKhorramabadIran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologyFaculty of MedicineLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
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17
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Amiri S, Shemshadi B, Shirali S, Kheirandish F, Fallahi S. Accurate and rapid detection of Fasciola hepatica copro-DNA in sheep using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1316-1324. [PMID: 33624950 PMCID: PMC8294381 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection caused by Fasciola spp. in humans and animals. Despite significant advances in vaccination and new therapeutic agents, little attention has been paid to validate methods for the diagnosis of fascioliasis in animals. This study aimed to compare the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique with PCR assay for the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sheep. In this cross‐sectional study, 195 stool samples were collected from sheep for 3 months in Lorestan province, West of Iran. Specimens’ parasitological examination was performed by using the direct wet mount and formalin‐ether concentration method. After DNA extraction from the samples, molecular analysis was done using PCR and LAMP techniques based on the Fasciola ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence. Of 195 specimens of sheep, 11 specimens were identified as F. hepatica‐positive infection by using microscopic, PCR and LAMP assays. Kappa agreement test results showed that there was a significant agreement between the results of microscopic examination diagnostic tests, PCR and LAMP (Kappa = 0.51–0.72 and p < .001). According to the results of chi‐square comparisons between parasite prevalence applying different techniques and variables of age, sex breed, and type of drinking water, there was no significant relationship (p ≥ .05). However, most of the infected sheep with Fasciola were 3‐ to 4‐year‐old females, of the Lori breed and consumed tap water. In many endemic areas, successful prevention and treatment of fascioliasis in animals depend on rapid and accurate diagnosis. Based on the results of the Kappa agreement, the significant agreement among the results of the microscopic examination, PCR and LAMP indicates the accuracy and reliability of these tests in the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sheep. However, molecular methods, especially the LAMP technique, are suggested because of their higher sensitivity and reliability for the diagnosis of F. hepatica even under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Amiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Shemshadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saloomeh Shirali
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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18
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Sukphattanaudomchoke C, Siripattanapipong S, Thita T, Leelayoova S, Piyaraj P, Mungthin M, Ruang-areerate T. Simplified closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for visual diagnosis of Leishmania infection. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105651. [PMID: 32763231 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Thailand, asymptomatic leishmaniasis cases have continuously increased, especially among patients with HIV at risk to develop further symptoms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Thus, earlier diagnosis using a simple, sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool is needed because populations at risk mostly reside in rural communities where only basic laboratory equipment is available for health care services. In this present study, a closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed using a piece of parafilm placed between the dye and LAMP reaction mixture to form semi-layer that partially secured SYBR green I from spilling during amplification. No post-amplification preparation was required and accidental spill of the dye during LAMP amplification was prevented. The result could be visually interpreted under visible and UV lights after dye spinning down. The semi-layer modification of a closed tube LAMP showed successful amplification of Leishmania DNA with clear interpretation using both color and fluorescence dyes when observing by the naked eye. The sensitivity and specificity were as high as 94.4 and 96.9%, respectively whereas detection limits were 102 parasites/mL being ten fold more sensitive than other related studies. This user-friendly inexpensive approach is affordable and suitable for empowering leishmaniasis surveillance without the need of expensive devices in all levels of hospitals, including health services, as well as fieldwork, especially in low income countries.
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19
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Kheirandish F, Fallahi S, Mahmoudvand H, Araban A, Anbari K, Rouzbahani AK, Akbari S. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:763-769. [PMID: 33044624 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in comparison with serological tests to determine the rate of T. gondii infection in women suffering from spontaneous abortion (SA). A total of 140 women suffering from their first SA were included in this study. The collected aborted fetal remains and blood samples from each patient were examined in sterilized conditions using the LAMP technique and ELISA. Of the 140 women, 80 (57.1%) tested seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies by ELISA, 72 (51.4%) women tested seropositive for the IgG antibody, 8 (5.7%) tested seropositive for the IgM antibody. Among the eight women who'd had their first SA who tested seropositive for IgM antibody by ELISA, only five cases (62.5%) reported positively to the LAMP test. The difference in the frequency distribution of the LAMP results for measuring the Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women under study was statistically significant (P < 0.001) from the results of the serological test (ELISA). Although there was a significant difference between age and positivity in the LAMP test (P = 0.017), no significant difference was observed between positivity in the LAMP test and other variables. The findings of the present investigation suggest that LAMP is a preferred method for determining Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women suffering from SA compared with other routine serological tests. Even in a field with limited facilities and equipment, this technique can be effective and efficient in accurately and specifically diagnosing Toxoplasma infections in women at high risk of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kheirandish
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Araban
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Khatereh Anbari
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Akbari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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20
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Mirahmadi H, Hasanzadeh R, Malek Raeesi H, Fallahi S, Khoshsima Shahraki M, Badirzadeh A. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay to Detect Toxoplasmosis in Schizophrenia Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 15:299-306. [PMID: 33082793 PMCID: PMC7548473 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i3.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes an important parasitic infection known as toxoplasmosis, which is a globally distributed important zoonosis. One of the major serious characteristics of T. gondii is its ability to manipulate the behavior of intermediate hosts. We performed a cross-sectional study to determine toxoplasmosis in schizophrenic patients, as one of the major neuropsychiatric disorders, using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technic by targeting parasite B1 gene. Methods Blood samples were taken from 118 schizophrenic patients hospitalized in tow hospitals including Baharan, Clinic of Psychiatric Ali-ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital (in Zahedan City), and Amir-al Momenin Psychiatric Hospital (in Zabol City), Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeast Iran in 2016. They were analyzed using LAMP, and compared with the previous data of nested-PCR and serology. Results Out of the 118 schizophrenic individuals, 56 patients (47.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 41 patients (34.7%) via the nested-PCR. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in schizophrenic patients was 55.9% (66/118). Conclusion We found a high efficiency of LAMP method in identifying toxoplasmosis and its high prevalence among schizophrenic patients. Our findings could provide viable offer implications for the prevention of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tubercluosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Hasanzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tubercluosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamid Malek Raeesi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tubercluosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Soltani Tehrani B, Mirzajani E, Fallahi S, Manouchehri Naeini K, Mahmoudi MR, Safari Kavishahi M, Eskandari V, Zebardast N. Challenging TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): the two sensitive molecular techniques for the detection of toxoplasmosis, a potentially dangerous opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1881-1888. [PMID: 32448961 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to defects and drawbacks of most conventional diagnostic methods including serology for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis as a dangerous opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, the accurate, rapid, and sensitive detection of infection in such patients is essential. In this study, the TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and, a relatively new nucleic acid amplification method, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was compared based on the repetitive elements (RE) sequence to detect Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA in blood samples of immunocompromised individuals. During this study, 119 blood samples from immunocompromised cancer patients with renal failure, undergoing dialysis were studied. After DNA extraction from blood samples using the salt extraction method, the molecular techniques of TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and LAMP were used to investigate the contamination of the samples with T. gondii, based on the 529 bp (RE) sequence of T. gondii. The analytical sensitivity of LAMP and real-time PCR was evaluated by duplicating the five-step serial dilutions of T. gondii tachyzoites from 0.25 to 5×105 spiked tachyzoites per milliliter of the Toxoplasma seronegative blood sample. The extracted DNA from other parasites and human chromosomal DNA were used to determine the specificity of the molecular methods. The obtained results were analyzed using Kappa statistical test and SPSS22 software. Out of 119 studied samples, 7 (5.8%) and 5 (4.2%) samples were positive for Toxoplasma by TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and LAMP, respectively. The limits of detection of TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and RE-LAMP in negative serum samples were one and five tachyzoites (CT 38), respectively. Both real-time PCR and LAMP methods were 100% specific for Toxoplasma detection. Positive results were obtained only with T. gondii DNA, while other DNA samples were negative. The TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR based on the RE sequence showed higher sensitivity to T. gondii DNA detection in blood samples of cancer patients and serial dilutions of parasitic tachyzoites. The results show that TaqMan probe-based real-time PRC is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals, as well as the LAMP assay, which can be used as a suitable alternative diagnostic method for the detection of toxoplasmosis in such patients, without need the for any expensive equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Soltani Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Manouchehri Naeini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Fascioliasis and Parasitic Diseases, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Eskandari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nozhat Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Azadi Y, Ahmadpour E, Ahmadi A. Targeting Strategies in Therapeutic Applications of Toxoplasmosis: Recent Advances in Liposomal Vaccine Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:541-558. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191023151423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent parasitic pathogen that infected over one-third of the global population. Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed by isolating the parasite and detecting host antibodies. In contrast, the main problem with diagnosis relates to the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Currently, treatment with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is recommended, despite their side effects and toxicity to humans. Moreover, the absence of a vaccine to completely protect against this infection is the main obstacle to the effective treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis. Recently, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been studied as delivery systems for the immunization and treatment of T. gondii infections. One of the most important applications of liposomes is drug and vaccine delivery, due to their biodegradability, low inherent toxicity, and immunogenicity. Liposomes are flexible delivery systems and immunological adjuvants able not only to load diverse antigens, such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates but also to combine them with immunostimulators. Liposomes have the incredible potential within the development of modern types of vaccines and numerous endeavors have been made to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in recent years. In this review, we concentrate on the viable targeting strategies of liposome-based vaccine delivery systems to prevent, control and treat toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghob Azadi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Qiao N, Dai H, Liu J, Zhu X, Li J, Zhang D, Liu Y. Detection of melon necrotic spot virus by one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230023. [PMID: 32134962 PMCID: PMC7058275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) can cause significant economic losses due to decreased quality in cucurbit crops. The current study is the first to use reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for detection of MNSV. A set of four LAMP primers was designed based on the coat protein gene sequence of MNSV, and a RT-LAMP reaction was successfully performed for 1 h at 62°C. The results of RT-LAMP showed high specificity for MNSV and no cross-reaction with other viruses. Compared to traditional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP assay was 103-fold more sensitive in detecting MNSV. Due to its sensitivity, speed and visual assessment, RT-LAMP is appropriate for detecting MNSV in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Dai
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jintang Li
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Dezhen Zhang
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
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Shiojiri D, Kinai E, Teruya K, Kikuchi Y, Oka S. Combination of Clindamycin and Azithromycin as Alternative Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:841-843. [PMID: 30882331 PMCID: PMC6433045 DOI: 10.3201/eid2504.181689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current standard therapies for toxoplasmic encephalitis often cause severe adverse events. A 57-year-old HIV-positive man in Japan who had toxoplasmic encephalitis but was intolerant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and atovaquone was successfully treated with the combination of clindamycin and azithromycin. This drug combination can be an alternative treatment for this condition.
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Valian HK, Mirhendi H, Mohebali M, Shojaee S, Fallahi S, Jafari R, Kheirandish F, Mousavi P. Comparison of the RE-529 sequence and B1 gene for Toxoplasma gondii detection in blood samples of the at-risk seropositive cases using uracil DNA glycosylase supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-LAMP) assay. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103938. [PMID: 31862390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is an important issue, especially in at-risk patients. The molecular methods showed a promising future for such diagnosis; however, the method itself and the target sequence to be detected is an important part of accurate detection of the infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the RE-529 sequence and B1 gene for Toxoplasma gondii detection in blood samples of the at-risk seropositive cases using uracil DNA glycosylase supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-LAMP) assay. In this study, 110 T. gondii seropositive at-risk individuals (pregnant women and immunocompromised patients) and 110 seronegative controls were enrolled. The two most studied sequences (RE-529 and B1) were used and compared for accurate and reliable detection of T. gondii in blood samples using UDG-LAMP assay and compared with real-time PCR method. The detection limit, accuracy, and reliability of UDG-LAMP for the parasite's DNA were also studied. Among 110 studied cases, 39 (35.45%) and 36 (32.7%) were positive for T. gondii DNA with the RE-LAMP and B1-LAMP, respectively. The seronegative cases remained negative for T. gondii DNA with the studied genes, however, there were few false negatives compared with real-time PCR method. The detection limit of the UDG-LAMP for both DNA targets was 0.16 tachyzoite's DNA per reaction tube. Based on the results of this study, the RE-529 sequence has a better detection rate compared to the B1 gene for toxoplasmosis among at-risk people. UDG-LAMP is a highly sensitive, accurate, and reliable method with no false-positive results for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in blood specimens, however few cases may be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Keshavarz Valian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Mousavi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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DNA detection of Paragonimus westermani: Diagnostic validity of a new assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow dipstick. Acta Trop 2019; 200:105185. [PMID: 31542373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani) is widely spread in Asian countries and is one of the most important causative agents for lung fluke diseases. The prevention and control of Paragonimiaisis mainly depends on the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeted to a portion of the Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposon (Rn1) sequence coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for the rapid detection of P. westermani-specific amplicons. The positive LAMP products were biotin-labeled and hybridized with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled probe which could be visually detected by LFD. No cross-reaction were observed with other parasitic pathogens including Trichinella spiralis, Anisakis simplex, Schistosoma japonicum and Gnathostoma spinigerum, but this LAMP assay could not distinguish P. westermani with Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus heterotremus. The detection limit of the LAMP assay for P. westermani was 2.7 fg/µL, while that of PCR method was 27 fg/µL. LAMP method was applied to detect P. westermani genomic DNA in blood samples form experimental infected dogs, and results showed the parasite was detectable as early as week 2. LAMP-LFD assay applicability was successfully tested in dog blood samples collected from five cities (Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in Zhejiang province. In summary, the established LAMP-LFD assay targeted to the Rn1 sequence is a rapid and convenient method for specific detection of P. westermani.
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Serological and molecular rapid diagnostic tests for Toxoplasma infection in humans and animals. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:19-30. [PMID: 31428897 PMCID: PMC7087738 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent worldwide. The parasite can infect a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts, but infection of fetuses and immunocompromised patients is of particular concern. Easy-to-perform, robust, and highly sensitive and specific methods to detect Toxoplasma infection are important for the treatment and management of patients. Rapid diagnostic methods that do not sacrifice the accuracy of the assay and give reproducible results in a short time are highly desirable. In this context, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), especially with point-of-care (POC) features, are promising diagnostic methods in clinical microbiology laboratories, especially in areas with minimal laboratory facilities. More advanced methods using microfluidics and sensor technology will be the future trend. In this review, we discuss serological and molecular-based rapid diagnostic tests for detecting Toxoplasma infection in humans as well as animals.
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Comparison of Nested-PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Diagnosis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.94171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1683-1689. [PMID: 31397237 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially who were under dialysis due to their depressed immunity. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite that causes severe manifestations in immunocompromised patients. This case-control study was conducted to the immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of T. gondii infection among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis. The study population consisted of 260 haemodialysis patients and 259 healthy controls referred to the main dialysis centres of Tehran, Iran during 2016. Anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As well, the T. gondii genomic DNA in whole blood samples of IgM-positive patients and healthy controls was evaluated using GRA6-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and SAG1-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. The anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 175 (67.3%) and 18 (7%) of haemodialysis patients and 122 (47%) and 4 (1.5%) of controls, respectively. Two of the 18 blood samples from IgM-positive patients and none of the IgM-positive control subjects were positive by GRA6-PCR. Whereas, nine and two blood samples of IgM-positive patients and controls were positive for Toxoplasma DNA by a SAG1-LAMP technique respectively. The seropositivity of the Toxoplasma IgM antibody was significantly different between haemodialysis patients and healthy controls which was confirmed by PCR and LAMP. The higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in haemodialysis patients compared with the controls proposes that these patients can be a group at risk for toxoplasmosis and screening for toxoplasmosis before dialysis is necessary for the patients.
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.91042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Anvari D, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Aghayan SA, Gholami S, Pagheh AS, Hosseini SA, Saberi R, Chegeni TN, Hosseininejad Z, Daryani A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:30-42. [PMID: 30708042 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a great public health concern in cancer patients, which can induce serious pathological effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the worldwide seroprevalence rate of T. gondii infection among cancer patients. A search was conducted on five electronic databases that reported data on T. gondii seroprevalence in cancer patients. The searching process resulted in the inclusion of 57 studies. The results showed that T. gondii had the pooled prevalence of 30.8% in cancer patients using a random-effect model (95% CI: 26.3-35.6). Cancer patients had a higher overall prevalence of T. gondii infection, compared to those without cancer. Furthermore, the odds ratio of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients was 3.1 times, compared to that of controls (95% CI: 2.5-3.8, P < 0.0001). Toxoplasmosis had a higher prevalence in females (40%) than in males (33%). Furthermore, the age group of upper 40 years had the highest prevalence infection rate (30%). In addition, a significant association was also observed between toxoplasmosis infection and year (P < 0.001), type of cancer (P < 0.001), country (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.006) and diagnostic method (P < 0.001) in cancer patients. Considering the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in cancer patients and its serious outcomes, the researchers are suggested to carry out further studies to prevent and control toxoplasmosis among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Sargis A Aghayan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Tooran Nayeri Chegeni
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseininejad
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
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Lager S, de Goffau MC, Sovio U, Peacock SJ, Parkhill J, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith GCS. Detecting eukaryotic microbiota with single-cell sensitivity in human tissue. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:151. [PMID: 30172254 PMCID: PMC6119588 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term birth are major adverse pregnancy outcomes. These complications are considerable contributors to fetal/maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. A significant proportion of these cases are thought to be due to dysfunction of the placenta. However, the underlying mechanisms of placental dysfunction are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with evidence of placental eukaryotic infection. RESULTS We modified the 18S Illumina Amplicon Protocol of the Earth Microbiome Project and made it capable of detecting just a single spiked-in genome copy of Plasmodium falciparum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Toxoplasma gondii among more than 70,000 human cells. Using this method, we were unable to detect eukaryotic pathogens in placental biopsies in instances of adverse pregnancy outcome (n = 199) or in healthy controls (n = 99). CONCLUSIONS Eukaryotic infection of the placenta is not an underlying cause of the aforementioned pregnancy complications. Possible clinical applications for this non-targeted, yet extremely sensitive, eukaryotic screening method are manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lager
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Rostami A, Karanis P, Fallahi S. Advances in serological, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infection 2018; 46:303-315. [PMID: 29330674 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is worldwide distributed zoonotic infection disease with medical importance in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women and congenitally infected newborns. Having basic information on the traditional and new developed methods is essential for general physicians and infectious disease specialists for choosing a suitable diagnostic approach for rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease and, consequently, timely and effective treatment. METHODS We conducted English literature searches in PubMed from 1989 to 2016 using relevant keywords and summarized the recent advances in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was most used method in past century. Recently advanced ELISA-based methods including chemiluminescence assays (CLIA), enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA), immunochromatographic test (ICT), serum IgG avidity test and immunosorbent agglutination assays (ISAGA) have shown high sensitivity and specificity. Recent studies using recombinant or chimeric antigens and multiepitope peptides method demonstrated very promising results to development of new strategies capable of discriminating recently acquired infections from chronic infection. Real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are two recently developed PCR-based methods with high sensitivity and specificity and could be useful to early diagnosis of infection. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging and ultrasonography could be useful, although their results might be not specific alone. CONCLUSION This review provides a summary of recent developed methods and also attempts to improve their sensitivity for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Serology, molecular and imaging technologies each has their own advantages and limitations which can certainly achieve definitive diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by combining these diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Fallahi S, Moosavi SF, Karimi A, Chegeni AS, Saki M, Namdari P, Rashno MM, Varzi AM, Tarrahi MJ, Almasian M. An advanced uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-LAMP) technique used in the sensitive and specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis in AIDS patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 91:6-12. [PMID: 29366630 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate detection of Cryptosporidium spp. is critically important for the prevention and timely treatment of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients (APs). This study was conducted to examine a UDG-LAMP technique for the first time to diagnose cryptosporidiosis in APs. After collecting demographic and clinical data, three stool samples were collected from the participants (120 volunteering APs). The microscopic examination of stained smears using the acid-fast method and the UDG-LAMP assay were performed for each sample. 10% of APs were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. The number of detected cryptosporidiosis cases using the acid-fast staining and UDG-LAMP methods were significantly different (P < 0.001). Diarrhea and weight loss were found to be significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis in patients (P < 0.05). The pretreatment of LAMP reagents with UDG successfully eliminated the likelihood of product re-amplification remaining from previous reactions. The UDG-LAMP technique could detect cryptosporidiosis in APs with high sensitivity and rapidity without carryover contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Moosavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Karimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi Chegeni
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saki
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parsa Namdari
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Ali Mohamad Varzi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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An updated literature review on maternal-fetal and reproductive disorders of Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017; 47:133-140. [PMID: 29229361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection is one of the most prevalent infectious disease with worldwide distribution. Congenital toxoplasmosis is annually responsible for 1.20 million disability-adjusted life years around the world, but often it is overlooked many countries. METHODS We performed an updated review to summarize the current researches on fetal, neonatal and maternal consequences of T. gondii infection and also adverse effects of toxoplasmosis on women reproductive organs. RESULTS T. gondii infection could be cause of several abnormalities from hydrocephalus, microcephaly, deafness, abortion and still birth in fetal to psychomotor retardation, intellectual disability, hearing loss, slower postnatal motor development during the first year of life; and chorioretinitis, cryptogenic epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders in newborns. Moreover, this infection is related with neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depression, decreased weight, autoimmune thyroid diseases, self-directed violence, violent suicide attempts in mothers. This literature review emphasized that toxoplasmosis could be an important neglected factor endometritis, ovarian dysfunction, impaired folliculogenesis, ovarian and uterine atrophy, decrease in reproductive organs weight and reproductive performance in women. We reviewed role of the immunological profile such as pro-infiammatory cytokines and hormonal changes as main potential mechanisms related to this infection and development of maternal-fetal and reproductive disorders. CONCLUSION T. gondii is associated with several brain related disorders in both mothers and newborns, and also it is cause of several abnormalities in reproductive organs. Early diagnosis and treatment of the infection could be effective to significantly improve the clinical outcome.
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Salamin O, Kuuranne T, Saugy M, Leuenberger N. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as an alternative to PCR: A rapid on-site detection of gene doping. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1731-1737. [PMID: 29045058 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innovation in medical research has been diverted at multiple occasions to enhance human performance. The predicted great progress in gene therapy has raised some concerns regarding its misuse in the world of sports (gene doping) for several years now. Even though there is no evidence that gene doping has ever been used in sports, the continuous improvement of gene therapy techniques increases the likelihood of abuse. Therefore, since 2004, efforts have been invested by the anti-doping community and WADA for the development of detection methods. Several nested PCR and qPCR-based strategies exploiting the absence of introns in the transgenic DNA have been proposed for the long-term detection of transgene in blood. Despite their great sensitivity, those protocols are hampered by limitations of the techniques that can be cumbersome and costly. The purpose of this perspective is to describe a new approach based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of gene doping. This protocol enables a rapid and simple method to amplify nucleic acids with a high sensitivity and specificity and with a simple visual detection of the results. LAMP is already being used in clinical application for the detection of viruses or mutations. Therefore, this technique has the potential to be further developed for the detection of foreign genetic material in elite athletes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Salamin
- Center of Research and Expertise in anti-Doping sciences - REDs, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Ch. des Croisettes 22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Martial Saugy
- Center of Research and Expertise in anti-Doping sciences - REDs, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Ch. des Croisettes 22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Sun H, Zhuo X, Zhao X, Yang Y, Chen X, Yao C, Du A. The heat shock protein 90 of Toxoplasma gondii is essential for invasion of host cells and tachyzoite growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28627357 PMCID: PMC5479401 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded vertebrates. Heat shock proteins (HSP) regulate key signal transduction events in many organisms, and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays an important role in growth, development, and virulence in several parasitic protozoa. Here, we discovered increased transcription of the Hsp90 gene under conditions for bradyzoite differentiation, i.e. alkaline and heat shock conditions in vitro, suggesting that Hsp90 may be connected with bradyzoite development in T. gondii. A knockout of the TgHsp90 strain (ΔHsp90) and a complementation strain were constructed. The TgHsp90 knockout cells were found to be defective in host-cell invasion, were not able to proliferate in vitro in Vero cells, and did not show long-time survival in mice in vivo. These inabilities of the knockout parasites were restored upon complementation of TgHsp90. These data unequivocally show that TgHsp90 contributes to bradyzoite development, and to invasion and replication of T. gondii in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xunhui Zhuo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Aifang Du
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Evaluation of Recombinant SRS3 Antigen for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.35612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haq SZ, Abushahama MS, Gerwash O, Hughes JM, Wright EA, Elmahaishi MS, Lun ZR, Thomasson D, Hide G. High frequency detection ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:551-557. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Suleman E, Mtshali MS, Lane E. Investigation of false positives associated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in archived tissue samples of captive felids. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:536-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716659864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that infects humans and many different animals, including felids. Many molecular and serologic tests have been developed for detection of T. gondii in a wide range of hosts. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a field-friendly technique that lacks the practical drawbacks of other molecular and serologic tests, and LAMP assays have been successfully developed for detection of T. gondii in fresh tissue samples. In the current study, both a previously published and a de-novo designed LAMP assay were compared to a quantitative real-time (q)PCR assay, for the detection of T. gondii in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from captive wildlife. The LAMP assays produced conflicting results, generating both false positives and false negatives. Furthermore, the LAMP assays were unable to positively identify samples with low levels of parasites as determined by qPCR and histopathology. Therefore, these LAMP assays may not be the most suitable assays for detection of T. gondii in archived FFPE and frozen tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Suleman
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
| | - Moses Sibusiso Mtshali
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
| | - Emily Lane
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
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Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.36602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.37205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang Y, Huang Y, Chang A, Wang J, Zeng X, Wu J. Is Toxoplasma Gondii Infection a Risk Factor for Leukemia? An Evidence-Based Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1547-52. [PMID: 27155015 PMCID: PMC4917333 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possible associations of parasite infection with cancer risk have recently attracted much attention. Published studies concerning the association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and leukemia risk have generated inconsistent results. In the present study, we aimed to address this topic by conducting a quantitative meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant publications were searched in electronic databases and eligible studies were rigorously screened and selected. Essential information was extracted and the data were pooled. Subgroup analysis on source of controls and detection target was also performed. RESULTS A total of 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The overall data show that T. gondii infection might have an association with increased leukemia risk (OR=3.05; 95%CI=1.83-5.08). Similar results were shown in the subgroups regarding source of controls and detection target. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that T. gondii infection might be a risk factor for leukemia, providing new insight into the etiology of leukemia. Future studies with large sample sizes in different geographic areas are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Invasive Technology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
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Arab-Mazar Z, Fallahi S, Koochaki A, Haghighi A, Seyyed Tabaei SJ. Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular (GRA) 7 protein for the detection of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Microbiol Res 2015; 183:53-9. [PMID: 26805618 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serological assays for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis mostly rely on the tachyzoite specific antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, which are difficult to produce by conventional methods. The aim of this study was to clone and express of GRA7 protein of T. gondii and evaluate its potential for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients. As well as validate the results using a new molecular assay, LAMP technique. The GRA7 gene was successfully cloned, expressed and purified by affinity chromatography and the production was evaluated by SDS PAGE, dot blot and western blot analyses. The rGRA7 was used for developing an ELISA based on the rGRA7 using sera from patients with toxoplasmosis and healthy controls. Furthermore, 50 serum samples from leukemic children infected with toxoplasmosis and 50 seronegative controls were included to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of rGRA7 based ELISA. Finally, the LAMP technique was used to assess the accuracy and validity of the results obtained by rGRA7 based ELISA. The consistency of the results of two tests was determined by using the Kappa coefficient of agreement. The rGRA7 showed higher and optimum immunoreactivity with 1:100 dilution of serum from Toxoplasma infected patients. The sensitivity and specificity of test were calculated as 92 and 94%, respectively. According to the Kappa coefficient of agreement, there was a significant conformance between the results obtained by ELISA based on the rGRA7 and the results of LAMP technique (≈96%, P<0.001). Findings of the present study showed that rGRA7 can be used as a potential immunogenic antigen for developing immunodiagnostic tools for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in patients including patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab-Mazar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Immunocompromised Patients. Mol Biol Int 2015; 2015:819091. [PMID: 26664746 PMCID: PMC4668309 DOI: 10.1155/2015/819091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is one of the common opportunistic infection among HIV and non-HIV immunocompromised patients. The lack of a rapid and specific diagnostic test necessitates a more reliable laboratory diagnostic test for PCP. In the present study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was evaluated for the detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii. 185 clinical respiratory samples, including both BALF and IS, were subjected to GMS staining, nested PCR, and LAMP assay. Of 185 respiratory samples, 12/185 (6.5%), 41/185 (22.2%), and 49/185 (26.5%) samples were positive by GMS staining, nested PCR, and LAMP assay, respectively. As compared to nested PCR, additional 8 samples were positive by LAMP assay and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) with the detection limit of 1 pg. Thus, the LAMP assay may serve as a better diagnostic tool for the detection of P. jirovecii with high sensitivity and specificity, less turn-around time, operational simplicity, single-step amplification, and immediate visual detection.
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Fallahi S, Mazar ZA, Ghasemian M, Haghighi A. Challenging loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:366-72. [PMID: 26003595 PMCID: PMC7128654 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare analytical sensitivity and specificity of a newly described DNA amplification technique, LAMP and nested PCR assay targeting the RE and B1 genes for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA. Methods The analytical sensitivity of LAMP and nested-PCR was obtained against10-fold serial dilutions of T. gondii DNA ranging from 1 ng to 0.01 fg. DNA samples of other parasites and human chromosomal DNA were used to determine the specificity of molecular assays. Results After testing LAMP and nested-PCR in duplicate, the detection limit of RE-LAMP, B1-LAMP, RE-nested PCR and B1-nested PCR assays was one fg, 100 fg, 1 pg and 10 pg of T. gondii DNA respectively. All the LAMP assays and nested PCRs were 100% specific. The RE-LAMP assay revealed the most sensitivity for the detection of T. gondii DNA. Conclusions The obtained results demonstrate that the LAMP technique has a greater sensitivity for detection of T. gondii. Furthermore, these findings indicate that primers based on the RE are more suitable than those based on the B1 gene. However, the B1-LAMP assay has potential as a diagnostic tool for detection of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Arab Mazar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghasemian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdoli A, Dalimi A, Soltanghoraee H, Ghaffarifar F. Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in house sparrow ( Passer domesticus) by LAMP and PCR methods in Tehran, Iran. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1317-1321. [PMID: 27876939 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases in human and warm-blooded animals worldwide. Birds are one of important intermediate hosts of T. gondii. The aim of this study is molecular detection of T. gondii in the house sparrow by LAMP and PCR methods in Tehran, Iran. A total 200 sparrows were captured in different regions of Tehran. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of each sparrow. LAMP and conventional PCR assays were carried out with a set of primers to detect the 529 bp fragment of T. gondii. LAMP and PCR were detected T. gondii from 17 (8.5 %) and 15 (7.5 %) of 200 sparrows respectively. These results indicated that sensitivity of LAMP was higher than conventional PCR. In our knowledge, this study is the first report of detection of T. gondii by LAMP method in bird hosts. Also, these findings provided an insight into epidemiological pattern of T. gondii infection in sparrow in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Soltanghoraee
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Pritt BS. Molecular Diagnostics in the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infection. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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