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Najar MA, Arefian M, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Chatterjee A. Tyrosine Phosphorylation Profiling Revealed the Signaling Network Characteristics of CAMKK2 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:854764. [PMID: 35646067 PMCID: PMC9136244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which functions via the calcium-triggered signaling cascade with CAMK1, CAMK4, and AMPKα as the immediate downstream substrates. CAMKK2 is reported to be overexpressed in gastric cancer; however, its signaling mechanism is poorly understood. We carried out label-free quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics to investigate tyrosine-mediated molecular signaling associated with CAMKK2 in gastric cancer cells. Using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Fourier-transform mass spectrometer, we identified 350 phosphotyrosine sites mapping to 157 proteins. We observed significant alterations in 81 phosphopeptides corresponding to 63 proteins upon inhibition of CAMKK2, among which 16 peptides were hyperphosphorylated corresponding to 13 proteins and 65 peptides were hypophosphorylated corresponding to 51 proteins. We report here that the inhibition of CAMKK2 leads to changes in the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases such as PKP2, PTK2, EPHA1, EPHA2, PRKCD, MAPK12, among others. Pathway analyses revealed that proteins are differentially phosphorylated in response to CAMKK2 inhibition involved in focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, and signaling by VEGF. The western blot analysis upon inhibition and/or silencing of CAMKK2 revealed a decrease in phosphorylation of PTK2 at Y925, c-JUN at S73, and STAT3 at Y705, which was in concordance with the mass spectrometry data. The study indicates that inhibition of CAMKK2 has an anti-oncogenic effect in gastric cells regulating phosphorylation of STAT3 through PTK2/c-JUN in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Modi, ; Aditi Chatterjee,
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Kakarla M, ChallaSivaKanaka S, Dufficy MF, Gil V, Filipovich Y, Vickman R, Crawford SE, Hayward SW, Franco OE. Ephrin B Activate Src Family Kinases in Fibroblasts Inducing Stromal Remodeling in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2336. [PMID: 35565468 PMCID: PMC9102363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Through stromal-epithelial interactions, carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in tumor growth and progression. Activation of erythrophoyetin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors has been implicated in cancer. Eph receptor interactions with Ephrin ligands lead to bidirectional signals in the recipient and effector cells. The consequences of continuous reverse Ephrin signaling activation in fibroblasts on prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. When compared to benign prostate fibroblast, CAF displayed higher expression of Ephrin B1, B2, and B3 ligands (EFNB1, EFNB2, and EFNB3). In this study, we found that continuous activation of EFNB1 and EFNB3 in a benign human prostate stromal cell line (BHPrS1) increased the expression of CAF markers and induced a CAF phenotype. BHPrS1EFNB1 and BHPrS1EFNB3 displayed a pro-tumorigenic secretome with multiple effects on neovascularization, collagen deposition, and cancer cell proliferation, overall increasing tumorigenicity of a premalignant prostate epithelial cell line BPH1 and PCa cell line LNCaP, both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of Src family kinases (SFK) in BHPrS1EFNB1 and BHPrS1EFNB3 suppressed EFNB-induced ɑ-SMA (Alpha-smooth muscle actin) and TN-C (Tenascin-C) in vitro. Our study suggests that acquisition of CAF characteristics via SFK activation in response to increased EFNB ligands could promote carcinogenesis via modulation of TME in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omar E. Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Chicago, IL 60201, USA; (M.K.); (S.C.); (M.F.D.); (V.G.); (Y.F.); (R.V.); (S.E.C.); (S.W.H.)
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3
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Ou A, Zhao X, Lu Z. The potential roles of p53 signaling reactivation in pancreatic cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188662. [PMID: 34861354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Globally, pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common and highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor that is characterized by an insidious onset and ready metastasis and recurrence. Over recent decades, the incidence of PC has been increasing on an annual basis; however, the pathogenesis of this condition remains enigmatic. PC is not sensitive to radio- or chemotherapy, and except for early surgical resection, there is no curative treatment regime; consequently, the prognosis for patients with PC is extremely poor. Transcription factor p53 is known to play key roles in many important biological processes in vertebrates, including normal cell growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, senescence, apoptosis, metabolism, and DNA damage repair. However, there is a significant paucity of basic and clinical studies to describe how p53 gene mutations or protein dysfunction facilitate the occurrence, progression, invasion, and resistance to therapy, of malignancies, including PC. Herein, we describe the involvement of p53 signaling reactivation in PC treatment as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby providing useful insights for targeting p53-related signal pathways in PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Ou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
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4
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Ou A, Zhao X, Lu Z. The potential roles of p53 signaling reactivation in pancreatic cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188662. [DOI: doi10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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OSov: An Interactive Web Server to Evaluate Prognostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010023. [PMID: 35053021 PMCID: PMC8773055 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The OSov web server incorporates gene expression profiles with clinical risk factors to estimate the ovarian cancers patients’ survival, and provides a tool for multiple analysis, such as forest-plot, uni/multi-variate survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier plot and nomogram construction. Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and highly lethal gynecological cancers. The purpose of our study is to build a free prognostic web server to help researchers discover potential prognostic biomarkers by integrating gene expression profiling data and clinical follow-up information of ovarian cancer. We construct a prognostic web server OSov (Online consensus Survival analysis for Ovarian cancer) based on RNA expression profiles. OSov is a user-friendly web server which could present a Kaplan–Meier plot, forest plot, nomogram and survival summary table of queried genes in each individual cohort to evaluate the prognostic potency of each queried gene. To assess the performance of OSov web server, 163 previously published prognostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer were tested and 72% of them had their prognostic values confirmed in OSov. It is a free and valuable prognostic web server to screen and assess survival-associated biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
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Nguyen TTH, Sodnom-Ish B, Choi SW, Jung HI, Cho J, Hwang I, Kim SM. Salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 46:301-312. [PMID: 33122454 PMCID: PMC7609938 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In disease diagnostics and health surveillance, the use of saliva has potential because its collection is convenient and noninvasive. Over the past two decades, the development of salivary utilization for the early detection of cancer, especially oral cavity and oropharynx cancer has gained the interest of the researcher and clinician. Until recently, the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers are still having a five-year survival rate of 62%, one of the lowest in all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the ease of accessing the oral cavity in clinical examination, most OSCC lesions are not diagnosed in the early stage, which is suggested to be the main cause of the low survival rate. Many studies have been performed and reported more than 100 potential saliva biomarkers for OSCC. However, there are still obstacles in figuring out the reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers and the clinical application of the early diagnosis protocol. The current review article discusses the emerging issues and is hoped to raise awareness of this topic in both researchers and clinicians. We also suggested the potential salivary biomarkers that are reliable, specific, and sensitive for the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Weon Choi
- Oral Oncology Clinic, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
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EphrinB2 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma: Implications for targeted therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152967. [PMID: 32362422 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is managed by surgery, androgen deprivation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted therapy is emerging as an important pillar in cancer therapeutics, however, efficacy in prostate cancer has been limited. Eph-ephrin is a novel pathway that is upregulated in prostate cancer and promotes the initiation and progression of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of ephrinB2 in prostate adenocarcinoma. METHODS A tissue microarray comprising of prostate adenocarcinoma of different grade groups was stained with a monoclonal anti-ephrinB2 antibody (Abcam, AB201512). The tumor and endothelial cells expressing the ephrinB2 positivity were noted. The statistical analysis was performed to determine the difference in expression based on grade groups and the TNM stage. RESULTS EphrinB2 was expressed in 40 out of 72 cases (55.5 %) of prostate adenocarcinoma and was predominantly negative in the normal prostatic tissue. There was no significant difference in the expression of ephrinB2 in various grade groups (p = 0.7) or stages (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS EphrinB2 is expressed in a significant number of prostate adenocarcinoma regardless of grade and stage. Hence, there is a potential to target this molecule in the low-grade tumors with localized disease as well as high grade, high volume tumors with metastatic disease.
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Zhu F, Dai SN, Xu DL, Hou CQ, Liu TT, Chen QY, Wu JL, Miao Y. EFNB2 facilitates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via the p53/p21 pathway and EMT. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109972. [PMID: 32036221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-2 (EFNB2) is expressed at abnormally high levels in some neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and colorectal cancer. Its overexpression is associated with the malignant progression of tumors. However, the expression of EFNB2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been thoroughly studied. EFNB2 expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Furthermore, the association between its expression levels and the clinicopathological features of PDAC patients was explored. To determine the underlying mechanisms of EFNB2, we transfected PDAC cells with small interfering RNA and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. EFNB2 expression levels were significantly increased in cancer tissues and were associated with PDAC clinical stage and Ki67 expression. The down-regulation of EFNB2 inhibited cell proliferation by up-regulating p53/p21-mediated G0/G1 phase blockade. Knockdown of EFNB2 decreased the migration and invasion of PDAC cells by blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results suggested that EFNB2 may participate in the development of PDAC by promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Thus, EFNB2 is a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shang-Nan Dai
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da-Lai Xu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hou
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong-Tai Liu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu-Yang Chen
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Li Wu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ni Q, Chen P, Zhu B, Li J, Xie D, Ma X. Expression levels of EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 are associated with clinicopathological features and progression of esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:917-929. [PMID: 31885720 PMCID: PMC6924202 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of EPH receptor B4 (EPHB4) results in a survival advantage for tumor cells via the inhibition of the casapse-8-mediated apoptotic pathway, which begins from the cell membrane. The present study investigated the expression patterns of EPHB4, ephrin B2 (EFNB2) and caspase-8 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The association between the expression patterns and certain clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was also determined. mRNA levels of EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 in paired primary ESCC samples and adjacent esophageal tissues collected from 96 patients with ESCC were quantified using quantitative PCR. Upregulation of EPHB4 and EFNB2 mRNA expression, and downregulation of caspase-8 mRNA were detected in ESCC samples compared with that in the adjacent esophageal tissues. The expression levels of EPHB4 and EFNB2 were positively correlated with each other, whereas the mRNA levels of both EPHB4 and EFNB2 exhibited a negative correlation with that of caspase-8. The mRNA levels of both EPHB4 and EFNB2 demonstrated a significant positive association with certain clinicopathological features of patients with ESCC, including family history, tumor size, metastasis and stage. Conversely, a negative association was revealed between the expression level of caspase-8 and clinicopathological features of patients with ESCC. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of EPHB4 and EFNB2 were negatively associated with survival times of patients with ESCC, whereas the level of caspase-8 was positively associated with patient outcome. The results from the present study suggested that EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 may be implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC, and that consequently, they may serve as useful prognostic markers, as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhi Ni
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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Cao W, Ma E, Zhou L, Yuan T, Zhang C. Exploring the FGFR3-related oncogenic mechanism in bladder cancer using bioinformatics strategy. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:66. [PMID: 28320388 PMCID: PMC5359882 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is frequently observed in bladder cancer, but how it involved in carcinogenesis is not well understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism on the progression of bladder cancer. Methods The GSE41035 dataset downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between bladder cancer cell line RT112 with or without depletion of FGFR3, and gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed. Then, FGFR3-centered protein–protein interaction (PPI) and regulatory networks were constructed. Combined with the data retrieved from GSE31684, prognostic makers for bladder cancer were predicted. Results We identified a total of 2855 DEGs, and most of them were associated with blood vessel morphogenesis and cell division. In addition, KIAA1377, POLA2, FGFR3, and EPHA4 were the hub genes with high degree in the FGFR3-centered PPI network. Besides, 17 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 6 transcriptional factors (TFs) were predicted to be the regulators of the nodes in PPI network. Moreover, CSTF2, POLA1, HMOX2, and EFNB2 may be associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer patient. Conclusions The current study may provide some insights into the molecular mechanism of FGFR3 as a mediator in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Enguang Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Harbin First Hospital, 150010, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
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Oweida A, Bhatia S, Hirsch K, Calame D, Griego A, Keysar S, Pitts T, Sharma J, Eckhardt G, Jimeno A, Wang XJ, Parkash G, Califano J, Karam SD. Ephrin-B2 overexpression predicts for poor prognosis and response to therapy in solid tumors. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1189-1196. [PMID: 27649287 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin B2 is variably expressed on tumor cells and its blockade has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in animal models of pancreatic, colorectal, lung and head, and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, the implications of ephrinB2 expression in cancer patients have remained elusive. In this study, we analyzed the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) for ephrinB2 expression. We report significant correlations between EFNB2 expression, overall survival and disease-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC, n = 519), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 186), and bladder urothelial carcinoma (n = 410). In HNSCC patients, high-EFNB2 mRNA expression was associated with tumor HPV negativity, oral cavity location, alcohol intake, higher TP53 mutation, and EGFR amplification. EphrinB2 overexpression also correlated with worse response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The therapeutic potential of blocking ephrinB2 was validated in HNSCC patient-derived tumor xenografts and showed significant improvement in survival and tumor growth delay. Our data shows that ephrinB2 overexpression can serve as a critical biomarker for patient prognosis and response to therapy. These results should guide design of future clinical trials exploring EphrinB2 inhibition in cancer patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kellen Hirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Dylan Calame
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anastacia Griego
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steve Keysar
- Department of Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Todd Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gill Parkash
- Vasgene Therapeutics, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Southern California
| | - Joseph Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, San Diego, Southern California
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
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An Omics Perspective on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutics of Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:179528. [PMID: 26421274 PMCID: PMC4572471 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy arising from the epithelial bile duct. The lack of early diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic measures results in severe outcomes and poor prognosis. Thus, effective early diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers are required to improve the prognosis and prolong survival rates in CCA patients. Recent advancement in omics technologies combined with the integrative experimental and clinical validations has provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of CCA initiation and progression as well as clues towards novel biomarkers. This work highlights the discovery and validation of molecular markers in CCA identified through omics approaches. The possible roles of these molecules in various cellular pathways, which render CCA carcinogenesis and progression, will also be discussed. This paper can serve as a reference point for further investigations to yield deeper understanding in the complex feature of this disease, potentially leading to better approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
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Expression of Eph A4, Eph B2 and Eph B4 receptors in AML. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:901-7. [PMID: 24764074 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors represent the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The up- regulation of Eph receptors has been documented in various solid tumors, where it often correlates with poor prognosis. Their significance in hematologic malignancies is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Eph A4, Eph B2, and Eph B4 mRNA in non - M3 AML patients and determine their prognostic significance. Bone marrow samples from 101 newly diagnosed non - M3 AML patients and 26 healthy controls for comparison were quantified by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the comparative cycle threshold (Ct) method was used to determine their relative expression levels to GUS control gene. The results showed that expression of all selected Eph receptors was significantly lower in AML patients comparing to controls. It also differed according to FAB subtypes. The decreased expression levels of Eph A4 were associated with higher leukocytes (p = 0.022) and blast cell counts (p = 0.001), and unfavorable FLT3-ITD mutation. Our study revealed significant correlation between lower EphB2 expression levels, and higher complete remission rate (p = 0.009724) and longer overall survival. Additionally, we found that patients with shorter RFS had decreased EphB4 expression (p = 0.00). In conclusion, the results suggest the prognostic impact of decreased expression levels of some Eph receptors in AML patients.
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Ogawa K, Saeki N, Igura Y, Hayashi Y. Complementary expression and repulsive signaling suggest that EphB2 and ephrin-B1 are possibly involved in epithelial boundary formation at the squamocolumnar junction in the rodent stomach. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:659-75. [PMID: 23881165 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are cell-cell communication molecules with well-defined roles in cell adhesion, migration, and tissue boundary formation. However, their expression levels in the squamocolumnar epithelial junction region at the distal esophagus are completely unknown. We examined EphB2 and ephrin-B1 localization in the squamocolumnar epithelial junction region between the proximal and distal stomach of the rodents. Immunostaining showed complimentary expression patterns along the proximal-to-distal axis of the gastric epithelia across the junction: EphB2 expression was maximal around the epithelial junction and sharply decreased in the stratified squamous epithelium at a short distance from the junction, whereas ephrin-B1 was strongly expressed in the stratified squamous epithelium at a distance from the junction and sharply decreased toward the junction. These expression patterns suggest that EphB2/ephrin-B1 signaling occurs preferentially in the epithelia across the junction, where the receptor and ligand expression highly overlap. We also show that (1) EphB2 preferentially binds ephrin-B1, and (2) cell repulsion/lateral migration was induced in primary cultured gastric keratinocytes on ephrin-B1-Fc- and EphB2-Fc-coated surfaces. On the basis of these findings, we propose that EphB2 and ephrin-B1 are possibly involved in epithelial boundary formation at the squamocolumnar junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan,
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15
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Abstract
Cancer cells rely on intercellular communication throughout the different stages of their transformation and progression into metastasis. They do so by co-opting different processes such as cell-cell junctions, growth factors, receptors, and vesicular release. Initially characterized in neuronal and vascular tissues, Ephs and Ephrins, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprised of two classes (i.e., A and B types), is increasingly scrutinized by cancer researchers. These proteins possess the particular features of both the receptors and ligands being membrane-bound which, via mandatory direct cell-cell interactions, undergo a bidirectional signal transduction initiated from both the receptor and the ligand. Following cell-cell interactions, Ephs/Ephrins behave as guidance molecules which trigger both repulsive and attractive signals, so as to direct the movement of cells through their immediate microenvironment. They also direct processes which include sorting and positioning and cytoskeleton rearrangements, thus making them perfect candidates for the control of the metastatic process. In fact, the role of Ephs and Ephrins in cancer progression has been demonstrated for many of the family members and they, surprisingly, have both tumor promoter and suppressor functions in different cellular contexts. They are also able to coordinate between multiple processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and invasion. This review is an attempt to summarize the data available on these Ephs/Ephrins' biological functions which contribute to the onset of aggressive cancers. I will also provide an overview of the factors which could explain the functional differences demonstrated by Ephs and Ephrins at different stages of tumor progression and whose elucidation is warranted for any future therapeutic targeting of this signaling pathway in cancer metastasis.
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16
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Gu X, Vedvyas Y, Chen X, Kaushik T, Hwang CI, Hu X, Nikitin AY, Jin MM. Novel strategy for selection of monoclonal antibodies against highly conserved antigens: phage library panning against ephrin-B2 displayed on yeast. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30680. [PMID: 22292016 PMCID: PMC3264634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-B2 is predominately expressed in endothelium of arterial origin, involved in developmental angiogenesis and neovasculature formation through its interaction with EphB4. Despite its importance in physiology and pathological conditions, it has been challenging to produce monoclonal antibodies against ephrin-B2 due to its high conservation in sequence throughout human and rodents. Using a novel approach for antibody selection by panning a phage library of human antibody against antigens displayed in yeast, we have isolated high affinity antibodies against ephrin-B2. The function of one high affinity binder (named as ‘EC8’) was manifested in its ability to inhibit ephrin-B2 interaction with EphB4, to cross-react with murine ephrin-B2, and to induce internalization into ephrin-B2 expressing cells. EC8 was also compatible with immunoprecipitation and detection of ephrin-B2 expression in the tissue after standard chemical fixation procedure. Consistent with previous reports on ephrin-B2 induction in some epithelial tumors and tumor-associated vasculatures, EC8 specifically detected ephrin-B2 in tumors as well as the vasculature within and outside of the tumors. We envision that monoclonal antibody developed in this study may be used as a reagent to probe ephrin-B2 distribution in normal as well as in pathological conditions and to antagonize ephrin-B2 interaction with EphB4 for basic science and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yogindra Vedvyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tanwi Kaushik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Y. Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Moonsoo M. Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Schlecht NF, Brandwein-Gensler M, Smith RV, Kawachi N, Broughel D, Lin J, Keller CE, Reynolds PA, Gunn-Moore FJ, Harris T, Childs G, Belbin TJ, Prystowsky MB. Cytoplasmic ezrin and moesin correlate with poor survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2012; 6:232-43. [PMID: 22228071 PMCID: PMC3370015 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the 4.1 superfamily of proteins, including ezrin, moesin, merlin, and willin regulate many normal physiologic processes such as cellular shape, motility, and proliferation. In addition, they contribute both to tumor development and tumor progression. We reported previously that strong cytoplasmic ezrin expression was independently associated with poorer patient survival. One hundred and thirty-one histologically confirmed primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were examined prospectively for cancer progression and survival at a large health care center in the Bronx, NY, USA. Immunohistochemical analysis of ezrin, moesin, merlin, and willin expression in tissue microarray samples of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma revealed a significant association of increased cytoplasmic ezrin with poor cancer survival. Global RNA analyses suggest that cancers with high cytoplasmic ezrin have a more invasive phenotype. This study supports our previous findings associating cytoplasmic ezrin with more aggressive behavior and poorer outcome and indicates the need for a multi-institutional study to validate the use of cytoplasmic ezrin as a biomarker for treatment planning in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F. Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA ,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | | | - Richard V. Smith
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Medical Arts Pavilion, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
| | - Nicole Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Darcy Broughel
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Christian E. Keller
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Paul A. Reynolds
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK
| | - Frank J. Gunn-Moore
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas Harris
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Geoffrey Childs
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Thomas J. Belbin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Michael B. Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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Brantley-Sieders DM. Clinical relevance of Ephs and ephrins in cancer: lessons from breast, colorectal, and lung cancer profiling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:102-8. [PMID: 22040912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies provide compelling evidence that members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and neovascularization. Tumor suppressive roles have also been reported for the receptors, and ligand-dependent versus ligand-independent signaling has emerged as one key mechanism underlying tumor suppressive function as opposed to oncogenic effects. Determining how these observations relate to clinical outcome is a crucial step for translating the biological and mechanistic data into new molecularly targeted therapies. Expression profiling in human patient samples bridges this gap and provides valuable clinical relevance to laboratory observations. In addition to analyses performed using privately assembled patient tumor samples, publically available microarray datasets and tissue microarrays linked to clinical data have emerged as tractable tools for addressing the clinical relevance of specific molecules and families of related molecules. This review summarizes the clinical relevance of specific Eph and ephrin molecules in human breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-4323 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA.
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19
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Seol MA, Chu IS, Lee MJ, Yu GR, Cui XD, Cho BH, Ahn EK, Leem SH, Kim IH, Kim DG. Genome-wide expression patterns associated with oncogenesis and sarcomatous transdifferentation of cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:78. [PMID: 21333016 PMCID: PMC3053267 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of CC (cholangiocarcinoma) oncogenesis and progression are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the genome-wide expression of genes related to CC oncogenesis and sarcomatous transdifferentiation. Methods Genes that were differentially expressed between CC cell lines or tissues and cultured normal biliary epithelial (NBE) cells were identified using DNA microarray technology. Expressions were validated in human CC tissues and cells. Results Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of the cell line and tissue samples, we identified a set of 342 commonly regulated (>2-fold change) genes. Of these, 53, including tumor-related genes, were upregulated, and 289, including tumor suppressor genes, were downregulated (<0.5 fold change). Expression of SPP1, EFNB2, E2F2, IRX3, PTTG1, PPARγ, KRT17, UCHL1, IGFBP7 and SPARC proteins was immunohistochemically verified in human and hamster CC tissues. Additional unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of sarcomatoid CC cells compared to three adenocarcinomatous CC cell lines revealed 292 differentially upregulated genes (>4-fold change), and 267 differentially downregulated genes (<0.25 fold change). The expression of 12 proteins was validated in the CC cell lines by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Of the proteins analyzed, we found upregulation of the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins VIM and TWIST1, and restoration of the methylation-silenced proteins LDHB, BNIP3, UCHL1, and NPTX2 during sarcomatoid transdifferentiation of CC. Conclusion The deregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and methylation-related genes may be useful in identifying molecular targets for CC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Seol
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Medical Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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20
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Sakai N, Kajiyama Y, Iwanuma Y, Tomita N, Amano T, Isayama F, Ouchi K, Tsurumaru M. Study of abnormal chromosome regions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by comparative genomic hybridization: relationship of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis to selected abnormal regions. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23:415-21. [PMID: 19930403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) has a poor prognosis among digestive tract cancers. Lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are the major factors determining its prognosis. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to evaluate primary tumor lymph nodes and metastatic areas from ESCC patients in order to determine the relationship between abnormal chromosome regions and outcome. Tumor tissues and lymph nodes were collected from 51 patients with ESCC, and abnormal chromosome regions were detected by CGH. We searched for regions that were significantly more common in patients with lymph nodes metastases (n>/= 6) or distant metastases, and correlated those chromosomal changes with survival. Regions showing amplification in more than 65% of esophageal squamous cell cancers were as follows: 17q12 (90.2%), 17q21 (86.3%), 3q29 (82.4%), 3q28 (78.4%), 8q24.2 (76.5%), 22q12 (76.5%), 3q27 (74.5%), 8q24.3 (74.5%), 1q22 (70.6%), 5p15.3 (70.6%), 22q13 (70.6%), 3q26.3, 8q23, 8q24.1, 9q34, 11q13, 17p12, 17q25, 20q12, 20q13.1 (68.6%), 1q32, 1q42, and 20q13.2 (66.7%). Regions showing deletion in more than 50% of the tumors were as follows: Yp11.3 (62.7%), 3p26 (56.9%), Yq12 (54.9%), 13q21 (52.9%), 4q32 (51.0%), and 13q22 (51.0%). When Fisher's test was used to assess associations of these regions with metastases to lymph nodes, amplification at 2q12-14 (P= 0.012), 3q24-26 (P= 0.005), and 7q21-31 (P= 0.026) were significant. Survival was worse for patients with amplification at all 3 regions. In patients with distant organ metastases, amplification at 7p13-21 was significant (P= 0.008), and survival was worse. Chromosomal amplifications in ESCC at 2q12-14, 3q24-26, and 7q21-31 were associated with lymph node metastasis, while amplification at 7p13-21 was related to distant metastasis. Amplification at these regions correlated with worse survival. Genes involved in the phenotype of ESCC may exist in these regions. Identification of these genes is a theme for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Sakai
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Bochenek ML, Dickinson S, Astin JW, Adams RH, Nobes CD. Ephrin-B2 regulates endothelial cell morphology and motility independently of Eph-receptor binding. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:1235-46. [PMID: 20233847 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein ephrin-B2 regulates angiogenesis, i.e. the formation of new blood vessels through endothelial sprouting, proliferation and remodeling processes. In addition to essential roles in the embryonic vasculature, ephrin-B2 expression is upregulated in the adult at sites of neovascularization, such as tumors and wounds. Ephrins are known to bind Eph receptor family tyrosine kinases on neighboring cells and trigger bidirectional signal transduction downstream of both interacting molecules. Here we show that ephrin-B2 dynamically modulates the motility and cellular morphology of isolated endothelial cells. Even in the absence of Eph-receptor binding, ephrin-B2 stimulates repeated cycling between actomyosin-dependent cell contraction and spreading episodes, which requires the presence of the C-terminal PDZ motif. Our results show that ephrin-B2 is a potent regulator of endothelial cell behavior, and indicate that the control of cell migration and angiogenesis by ephrins might involve both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L Bochenek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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22
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McCarron JK, Stringer BW, Day BW, Boyd AW. Ephrin expression and function in cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6:165-76. [PMID: 20021216 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrins are cell membrane-associated signaling proteins bound by transmembrane Eph receptors on juxtaposed cells. Eph-ephrin interactions result in bidirectional signaling within both receptor- and ligand-bearing cells, with diverse consequences for cell morphology and behavior. Such interactions are especially important during early vertebrate development, and growing evidence has revealed equally important roles in adult-tissue homeostasis. As for the Eph receptors, abnormal expression of ephrins is associated with disease, especially cancer. The ephrins have received less attention than the Ephs in the literature, owing, in part, to their later discovery and that they are fewer in number. Here, we attempt to redress this imbalance and provide an 'ephrin-centric' discussion of the expression and function of ephrins in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K McCarron
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, 4029, Brisbane, Australia.
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23
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Nakada M, Anderson EM, Demuth T, Nakada S, Reavie LB, Drake KL, Hoelzinger DB, Berens ME. The phosphorylation of ephrin-B2 ligand promotes glioma cell migration and invasion. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1155-65. [PMID: 19728339 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To reveal molecular drivers of glioma invasion, two distinct glioblastoma (GBM) cell phenotypes (invading cells and tumor core cells) were collected from 19 GBM specimens using laser capture microdissection. Isolated RNA underwent whole human genome expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the bidirectional receptor/ligand tyrosine kinase system, EphB/ephrin-B, as the most tightly linked system to the invading cell phenotype. Clinical relevance of ephrin-B genes was confirmed in a clinically annotated expression data set of 195 brain biopsy specimens. Levels of ephrin-B1 and -B2 mRNA were significantly higher in GBM (n = 82) than in normal brain (n = 24). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated ephrin-B2, but not ephrin-B1, expression levels were significantly associated with short term survival in malignant astrocytomas (n = 97, p = 0.016). In human brain tumor specimens, the production and phosphorylation of ephrin-B2 were high in GBM. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ephrin-B2 localization primarily in GBM cells but not in normal brain. A highly invasive glioma cell line, U87, expressed high levels of ephrin-B2 compared with relatively less invasive cell lines. Treatment with EphB2/Fc chimera further enhanced migration and invasion of U87 cells, whereas treatment with an ephrin-B2 blocking antibody significantly slowed migration and invasion. Forced expression of ephrin-B2 in the U251 cell line stimulated migration and invasion in vitro and ex vivo, concomitant with tyrosine phosphorylation of ephrin-B2. These results demonstrate that high expression of ephrin-B2 is a strong predictor of short-term survival and that ephrin-B2 plays a critical role in glioma invasion rendering this signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Schauer M, Janssen KP, Rimkus C, Raggi M, Feith M, Friess H, Theisen J. Microarray-based response prediction in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 16:330-7. [PMID: 20028767 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In locally advanced (uT(3), N(+)) adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves patient outcome. However, only a subgroup of patients responds. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated whether the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be predicted by a pretreatment tumor biopsy analysis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Biopsies of 47 patients with locally advanced (uT(3), N(+)) adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were obtained during primary staging. All patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin and subsequent resection of the esophagus. Biopsies were used for microarray analysis. The predominance of tumor cells within the specimens was >70%. Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 gene chips with 54675 probe sets were used. A statistical comparison of patients responding to chemotherapy versus nonresponding patients was done. All patients were examined with immunohistology against Ephrin B3 receptor and Ki-67. RESULTS A total of 86 genes were at least 2-fold differentially regulated comparing responding with nonresponding adenocarcinomas of the esophagus. The predominant genes encoded for the regulation of the cell cycle, transduction, translation, cell-cell interaction, cytoskeleton, and the signal transduction. The strongest difference was seen for the Ephrin B3 receptor. This result could be confirmed by immunhistology. A statistical significant correlation between the Ephrin B3 receptor, chemotherapy response, pathologic staging, and grading could be shown. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in the gene profile between patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with nonresponding patients. This suggests that it could be possible to characterize patients responding to chemotherapy even before starting the treatment using customized microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schauer
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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Lee CF, Ling ZQ, Zhao T, Fang SH, Chang WC, Lee SC, Lee KR. Genomic-wide analysis of lymphatic metastasis-associated genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:356-65. [PMID: 19140237 PMCID: PMC2653334 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the genes related to lymph node metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 HCC patients with or without lymph node metastasis were investigated by high-throughput microarray comprising 886 genes.
METHODS: The samples of cancerous and non-cancerous paired tissue were taken from 32 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy with lymph node dissection. Total RNA was extracted from the cells obtained by means of laser microdissection (LCM) and was amplified by the T7-based amplification system. Then, the amplified samples were applied in the cDNA microarray comprising of 886 genes.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated that 25 up-regulated genes such as cell membrane receptor, intracellular signaling and cell adhesion related genes, and 48 down-regulated genes such as intracellular signaling and cell cycle regulator-related genes, were correlated with lymph node metastasis in HCC. Amongst them were included some interesting genes, such as MET, EPHA2, CCND1, MMP2, MMP13, CASP3, CDH1, and PTPN2. Expression of 16 genes (MET, CCND1, CCND2, VEGF, KRT18, RFC4, BIRC5, CDC6, MMP2, BCL2A1, CDH1, VIM, PDGFRA, PTPN2, SLC25A5 and DSP) were further confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
CONCLUSION: Tumor metastasis is an important biological characteristic, which involves multiple genetic changes and cumulation. This genome-wide information contributes to an improved understanding of molecular alterations during lymph node metastasis in HCC. It may help clinicians to predict metastasis of lymph nodes and assist researchers in identifying novel therapeutic targets for metastatic HCC patients.
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