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Baranowska G, Misiorna D, Białek W, Kramarz K, Dziadkowiec D. Replication stress response in fission yeast differentially depends on maintaining proper levels of Srs2 helicase and Rrp1, Rrp2 DNA translocases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300434. [PMID: 38905307 PMCID: PMC11192394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination is a key process that governs the stability of eukaryotic genomes during DNA replication and repair. Multiple auxiliary factors regulate the choice of homologous recombination pathway in response to different types of replication stress. Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe we have previously suggested the role of DNA translocases Rrp1 and Rrp2, together with Srs2 helicase, in the common synthesis-dependent strand annealing sub-pathway of homologous recombination. Here we show that all three proteins are important for completion of replication after hydroxyurea exposure and provide data comparing the effect of overproduction of Srs2 with Rrp1 and Rrp2. We demonstrate that Srs2 localises to rDNA region and is required for proper replication of rDNA arrays. Upregulation of Srs2 protein levels leads to enhanced replication stress, chromosome instability and viability loss, as previously reported for Rrp1 and Rrp2. Interestingly, our data suggests that dysregulation of Srs2, Rrp1 and Rrp2 protein levels differentially affects checkpoint response: overproduction of Srs2 activates simultaneously DNA damage and replication stress response checkpoints, while cells overproducing Rrp1 mainly launch DNA damage checkpoint. On the other hand, upregulation of Rrp2 primarily leads to replication stress response checkpoint activation. Overall, we propose that Srs2, Rrp1 and Rrp2 have important and at least partially independent functions in the maintenance of distinct difficult to replicate regions of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Misiorna
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Kramarz
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Academic Excellence Hub—Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Kramarz K, Dziadkowiec D. Rrp1, Rrp2 and Uls1 - Yeast SWI2/SNF2 DNA dependent translocases in genome stability maintenance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 116:103356. [PMID: 35716431 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple eukaryotic SWI2/SNF2 DNA translocases safeguard genome integrity, mostly by remodelling nucleosomes, but also by fine-tuning mechanisms of DNA repair, such as homologous recombination. Among this large family there is a unique class of Rad5/16-like enzymes, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1 and its Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologues Rrp1 and Rrp2, that have both translocase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activities, and are often directed towards their substrates by SUMOylation. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding how different activities of these yeast proteins jointly contribute to their important roles in replication stress response particularly at centromeres and telomeres. This extends the possible range of functions performed by this class of SNF2 enzymes in human cells involving both their translocase and ubiquitin ligase activities and related to SUMOylation pathways within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kramarz
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland.
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3
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Muraszko J, Kramarz K, Argunhan B, Ito K, Baranowska G, Kurokawa Y, Murayama Y, Tsubouchi H, Lambert S, Iwasaki H, Dziadkowiec D. Rrp1 translocase and ubiquitin ligase activities restrict the genome destabilising effects of Rad51 in fission yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6832-6848. [PMID: 34157114 PMCID: PMC8266636 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rad51 is the key protein in homologous recombination that plays important roles during DNA replication and repair. Auxiliary factors regulate Rad51 activity to facilitate productive recombination, and prevent inappropriate, untimely or excessive events, which could lead to genome instability. Previous genetic analyses identified a function for Rrp1 (a member of the Rad5/16-like group of SWI2/SNF2 translocases) in modulating Rad51 function, shared with the Rad51 mediator Swi5-Sfr1 and the Srs2 anti-recombinase. Here, we show that Rrp1 overproduction alleviates the toxicity associated with excessive Rad51 levels in a manner dependent on Rrp1 ATPase domain. Purified Rrp1 binds to DNA and has a DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Importantly, Rrp1 directly interacts with Rad51 and removes it from double-stranded DNA, confirming that Rrp1 is a translocase capable of modulating Rad51 function. Rrp1 affects Rad51 binding at centromeres. Additionally, we demonstrate in vivo and in vitro that Rrp1 possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with Rad51 as a substrate, suggesting that Rrp1 regulates Rad51 in a multi-tiered fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Kramarz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Bilge Argunhan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ito
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Kurokawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Yasuto Murayama
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsubouchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Sarah Lambert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
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4
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Barg-Wojas A, Muraszko J, Kramarz K, Schirmeisen K, Baranowska G, Carr AM, Dziadkowiec D. Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA translocases Rrp1 and Rrp2 have distinct roles at centromeres and telomeres that ensure genome stability. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs230193. [PMID: 31932509 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of telomere and centromere structure and function is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rrp1 and Rrp2 are orthologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1, a SWI2/SNF2 DNA translocase and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase. Here, we show that Rrp1 or Rrp2 overproduction leads to chromosome instability and growth defects, a reduction in global histone levels and mislocalisation of centromere-specific histone Cnp1. These phenotypes depend on putative DNA translocase activities of Rrp1 and Rrp2, suggesting that Rrp1 and Rrp2 may be involved in modulating nucleosome dynamics. Furthermore, we confirm that Rrp2, but not Rrp1, acts at telomeres, reflecting a previously described interaction between Rrp2 and Top2. In conclusion, we identify roles for Rrp1 and Rrp2 in maintaining centromere function by modulating histone dynamics, contributing to the preservation of genome stability during vegetative cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barg-Wojas
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Muraszko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Kramarz
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
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5
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Storey AJ, Wang HP, Protacio RU, Davidson MK, Tackett AJ, Wahls WP. Chromatin-mediated regulators of meiotic recombination revealed by proteomics of a recombination hotspot. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 30373637 PMCID: PMC6205778 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meiotic recombination hotspots control the frequency and distribution of Spo11 (Rec12)-initiated recombination in the genome. Recombination occurs within and is regulated in part by chromatin structure, but relatively few of the many chromatin remodeling factors and histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been interrogated for a role in the process. Results We developed a chromatin affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based approach to identify proteins and histone PTMs that regulate recombination hotspots. Small (4.2 kbp) minichromosomes (MiniCs) bearing the fission yeast ade6-M26 hotspot or a basal recombination control were purified approximately 100,000-fold under native conditions from meiosis; then, associated proteins and histone PTMs were identified by mass spectrometry. Proteins and PTMs enriched at the hotspot included known regulators (Atf1, Pcr1, Mst2, Snf22, H3K14ac), validating the approach. The abundance of individual histones varied dynamically during meiotic progression in hotspot versus basal control MiniCs, as did a subset of 34 different histone PTMs, implicating these as potential regulators. Measurements of basal and hotspot recombination in null mutants confirmed that additional, hotspot-enriched proteins are bona fide regulators of hotspot activation within the genome. These chromatin-mediated regulators include histone H2A-H2B and H3-H4 chaperones (Nap1, Hip1/Hir1), subunits of the Ino80 complex (Arp5, Arp8), a DNA helicase/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Rrp2), components of a Swi2/Snf2 family remodeling complex (Swr1, Swc2), and a nucleosome evictor (Fft3/Fun30). Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that a remarkably diverse collection of chromatin remodeling factors and histone PTMs participate in designating where meiotic recombination occurs in the genome, and they provide new insight into molecular mechanisms of the process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0233-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Hsin-Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Reine U Protacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Mari K Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Wayne P Wahls
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciencs, 4301 West Markham Street (Slot 516), Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA.
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Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wei et al. (2017) report how a DNA translocase uses SUMO as a cue to save Top2 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation and to minimize DNA breaks, thus providing insights into the SUMO and ubiquitin interplay in genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Dhingra
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Wei Y, Diao LX, Lu S, Wang HT, Suo F, Dong MQ, Du LL. SUMO-Targeted DNA Translocase Rrp2 Protects the Genome from Top2-Induced DNA Damage. Mol Cell 2017; 66:581-596.e6. [PMID: 28552615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The action of DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) creates transient DNA breaks that are normally concealed inside Top2-DNA covalent complexes. Top2 poisons, including ubiquitously present natural compounds and clinically used anti-cancer drugs, trap Top2-DNA complexes. Here, we show that cells actively prevent Top2 degradation to avoid the exposure of concealed DNA breaks. A genome-wide screen revealed that fission yeast cells lacking Rrp2, an Snf2-family DNA translocase, are strongly sensitive to Top2 poisons. Loss of Rrp2 enhances SUMOylation-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of Top2, which in turn increases DNA damage at sites where Top2-DNA complexes are trapped. Rrp2 possesses SUMO-binding ability and prevents excessive Top2 degradation by competing against the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) for SUMO chain binding and by displacing SUMOylated Top2 from DNA. The budding yeast homolog of Rrp2, Uls1, plays a similar role, indicating that this genome protection mechanism is widely employed, a finding with implications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Xue Diao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Suo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Lin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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Argunhan B, Murayama Y, Iwasaki H. The differentiated and conserved roles of Swi5-Sfr1 in homologous recombination. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2035-2047. [PMID: 28423184 PMCID: PMC5573924 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is the process whereby two DNA molecules that share high sequence similarity are able to recombine to generate hybrid DNA molecules. Throughout evolution, the ability of HR to identify highly similar DNA sequences has been adopted for numerous biological phenomena including DNA repair, meiosis, telomere maintenance, ribosomal DNA amplification and immunological diversity. Although Rad51 and Dmc1 are the key proteins that promote HR in mitotic and meiotic cells, respectively, accessory proteins that allow Rad51 and Dmc1 to effectively fulfil their functions have been identified in all examined model systems. In this Review, we discuss the roles of the highly conserved Swi5‐Sfr1 accessory complex in yeast, mice and humans, and explore similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Argunhan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Yasuto Murayama
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
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9
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Nie M, Moser BA, Nakamura TM, Boddy MN. SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase activity can either suppress or promote genome instability, depending on the nature of the DNA lesion. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006776. [PMID: 28475613 PMCID: PMC5438191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modifiers SUMO and ubiquitin critically regulate the DNA damage response (DDR). Important crosstalk between these modifiers at DNA lesions is mediated by the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), which ubiquitinates SUMO chains to generate SUMO-ubiquitin hybrids. These SUMO-ubiquitin hybrids attract DDR proteins able to bind both modifiers, and/or are degraded at the proteasome. Despite these insights, specific roles for SUMO chains and STUbL in the DDR remain poorly defined. Notably, fission yeast defective in SUMO chain formation exhibit near wild-type resistance to genotoxins and moreover, have a greatly reduced dependency on STUbL activity for DNA repair. Based on these and other data, we propose that a critical role of STUbL is to antagonize DDR-inhibitory SUMO chain formation at DNA lesions. In this regard, we identify a SUMO-binding Swi2/Snf2 translocase called Rrp2 (ScUls1) as a mediator of the DDR defects in STUbL mutant cells. Therefore, in support of our proposal, SUMO chains attract activities that can antagonize STUbL and other DNA repair factors. Finally, we find that Taz1TRF1/TRF2-deficiency triggers extensive telomeric poly-SUMOylation. In this setting STUbL, together with its cofactor Cdc48p97, actually promotes genomic instability caused by the aberrant processing of taz1Δ telomeres by DNA repair factors. In summary, depending on the nature of the initiating DNA lesion, STUbL activity can either be beneficial or harmful. Since its discovery in 2007, SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) activity has been identified as a key regulator of diverse cellular processes such as DNA repair, mitosis and DNA replication. In each of these processes, STUbL has been shown to promote the chromatin extraction and/or degradation of SUMO chain modified proteins. However, it remains unclear whether STUbL acts as part of a "programmed" cascade to remove specific proteins, or antagonizes localized SUMO chain formation that otherwise impedes each process. Here we determine that SUMO chains, the major recruitment signal for STUbL, are largely dispensable for genotoxin resistance in fission yeast. Moreover, when SUMO chain formation is compromised, the need for STUbL activity in DNA repair is strongly reduced. These results indicate a primary role for STUbL in antagonizing localized SUMO chain formation. Interestingly, we also find that STUbL activity can be toxic at certain genomic lesions that induce extensive local SUMOylation. For example, STUbL promotes the chromosome instability and cell death caused by deprotected telomeres following Taz1TRF1/2 deletion. Together, our data suggest that STUbL limits DNA repair-inhibitory SUMO chain formation, and depending on the nature of the genomic lesion, can either suppress or cause genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Nie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Bettina A. Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Toru M. Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael N. Boddy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Tosti E, Katakowski JA, Schaetzlein S, Kim HS, Ryan CJ, Shales M, Roguev A, Krogan NJ, Palliser D, Keogh MC, Edelmann W. Evolutionarily conserved genetic interactions with budding and fission yeast MutS identify orthologous relationships in mismatch repair-deficient cancer cells. Genome Med 2014; 6:68. [PMID: 25302077 PMCID: PMC4189729 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionarily conserved DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects base-substitution and insertion-deletion mutations generated during erroneous replication. The mutation or inactivation of many MMR factors strongly predisposes to cancer, where the resulting tumors often display resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. A new direction to develop targeted therapies is the harnessing of synthetic genetic interactions, where the simultaneous loss of two otherwise non-essential factors leads to reduced cell fitness or death. High-throughput screening in human cells to directly identify such interactors for disease-relevant genes is now widespread, but often requires extensive case-by-case optimization. Here we asked if conserved genetic interactors (CGIs) with MMR genes from two evolutionary distant yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyzes pombe) can predict orthologous genetic relationships in higher eukaryotes. Methods High-throughput screening was used to identify genetic interaction profiles for the MutSα and MutSβ heterodimer subunits (msh2Δ, msh3Δ, msh6Δ) of fission yeast. Selected negative interactors with MutSβ (msh2Δ/msh3Δ) were directly analyzed in budding yeast, and the CGI with SUMO-protease Ulp2 further examined after RNA interference/drug treatment in MSH2-deficient and -proficient human cells. Results This study identified distinct genetic profiles for MutSα and MutSβ, and supports a role for the latter in recombinatorial DNA repair. Approximately 28% of orthologous genetic interactions with msh2Δ/msh3Δ are conserved in both yeasts, a degree consistent with global trends across these species. Further, the CGI between budding/fission yeast msh2 and SUMO-protease Ulp2 is maintained in human cells (MSH2/SENP6), and enhanced by Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor that induces the accumulation of single-strand DNA breaks. This identifies SENP6 as a promising new target for the treatment of MMR-deficient cancers. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the utility of employing evolutionary distance in tractable lower eukaryotes to predict orthologous genetic relationships in higher eukaryotes. Moreover, we provide novel insights into the genome maintenance functions of a critical DNA repair complex and propose a promising targeted treatment for MMR deficient tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0068-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A Katakowski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sonja Schaetzlein
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA ; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, USA ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Shales
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Assen Roguev
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA ; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, USA ; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
| | - Deborah Palliser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
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11
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Abstract
Eukaryotic chromatin is remodelled by the evolutionarily conserved Snf2 family of enzymes in an ATP-dependent manner. Several Snf2 enzymes are part of CRCs (chromatin remodelling complexes). In the present review we focus our attention on the functions of Snf2 enzymes and CRCs in fission yeast. We discuss their molecular mechanisms and roles and in regulating gene expression, DNA recombination, euchromatin and heterochromatin structure.
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12
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Dziadkowiec D, Kramarz K, Kanik K, Wisniewski P, Carr AM. Involvement of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rrp1+ and rrp2+ in the Srs2- and Swi5/Sfr1-dependent pathway in response to DNA damage and replication inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8196-209. [PMID: 23828040 PMCID: PMC3783160 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we identified Rrp1 and Rrp2 as two proteins required for the Sfr1/Swi5-dependent branch of homologous recombination (HR) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here we use a yeast two-hybrid approach to demonstrate that Rrp1 and Rrp2 can interact with each other and with Swi5, an HR mediator protein. Rrp1 and Rrp2 form co-localizing methyl methanesulphonate-induced foci in nuclei, further suggesting they function as a complex. To place the Rrp1/2 proteins more accurately within HR sub-pathways, we carried out extensive epistasis analysis between mutants defining Rrp1/2, Rad51 (recombinase), Swi5 and Rad57 (HR-mediators) plus the anti-recombinogenic helicases Srs2 and Rqh1. We confirm that Rrp1 and Rrp2 act together with Srs2 and Swi5 and independently of Rad57 and show that Rqh1 also acts independently of Rrp1/2. Mutants devoid of Srs2 are characterized by elevated recombination frequency with a concomitant increase in the percentage of conversion-type recombinants. Strains devoid of Rrp1 or Rrp2 did not show a change in HR frequency, but the number of conversion-type recombinants was increased, suggesting a possible function for Rrp1/2 with Srs2 in counteracting Rad51 activity. Our data allow us to propose a model placing Rrp1 and Rrp2 functioning together with Swi5 and Srs2 in a synthesis-dependent strand annealing HR repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dziadkowiec
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 1410, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland and Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
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13
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Stoica BA, Rusu M, Petreus T, Nechifor M. Manganese SOD mimics are effective against heat stress in a mutant fission yeast deficient in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1344-50. [PMID: 21484407 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies revealed a close connection between heat shock and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in eukaryotes. This paper shows that SOD mimics based on manganese complexes caused an increase in thermotolerance for a mutant fission yeast deficient in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Manganese compounds used for tests are SOD mimics, from two different classes: salen manganese (EUK-8) and Mn porphyrin (Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+)). The tests were conducted using a Schizosaccharomyces pombe model, comparing the viability of two strains at chronic heat stress (37°C)--a wild type versus a strain with the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase gene deleted [SOD2(-)]. The presence of massive free radical species in S. pombe SOD2(-) was demonstrated using a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence test derived from a menadione-mediated survival protocol. CONCLUSIONS Survival tests revealed that the SOD2-deleted S. pombe is about 100 times more sensitive to heat stress than the wild-type strain. This survival deficit can be corrected by EUK-8 and Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+) to almost the same degree but not by manganese chloride II (MnCl(2)). Using a simple spot assay for viability testing, this new model proved to be an easy alternative for the initial estimation of manganese SOD mimics efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Alexandru Stoica
- Department of Biochemistry, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, Iasi, 700115, Romania.
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Cal-Bakowska M, Litwin I, Bocer T, Wysocki R, Dziadkowiec D. The Swi2-Snf2-like protein Uls1 is involved in replication stress response. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:8765-77. [PMID: 21764775 PMCID: PMC3203583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1 belongs to the Swi2–Snf2 family of DNA-dependent ATPases and a new protein family of SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. Here, we examine a physiological role of Uls1 and report for the first time its involvement in response to replication stress. We found that deletion of ULS1 in cells lacking RAD52 caused a synthetic growth defect accompanied by prolonged S phase and aberrant cell morphology. uls1Δ also progressed slower through S phase upon MMS treatment and took longer to resolve replication intermediates during recovery. This suggests an important function for Uls1 during replication stress. Consistently, cells lacking Uls1 and endonuclease Mus81 were more sensitive to HU, MMS and CPT than single mus81Δ. Interestingly, deletion of ULS1 attenuated replication stress-related defects in sgs1Δ, such as sensitivity to HU and MMS while increasing the level of PCNA ubiquitination and Rad53 phosphorylation. Importantly, Uls1 interactions with Mus81 and Sgs1 were dependent on its helicase domain. We propose that Uls1 directs a subset of DNA structures arising during replication into the Sgs1-dependent pathway facilitating S phase progression. Thus, in the absence of Uls1 other modes of replication fork processing and repair are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cal-Bakowska
- Institute of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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