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Lubeluzole Repositioning as Chemosensitizing Agent on Multidrug-Resistant Human Ovarian A2780/DX3 Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227870. [PMID: 36431971 PMCID: PMC9695310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper, we demonstrated the synergistic action of the anti-ischemic lubeluzole (Lube S) on the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin (Dox) and paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer A2780 and lung cancer A549 cells. In the present paper, we extended in vitro the study to the multi-drug-resistant A2780/DX3 cell line to verify the hypothesis that the Dox and Lube S drug association may potentiate the antitumor activity of this anticancer compound also in the context of drug resistance. We also evaluated some possible mechanisms underlying this activity. We analyzed the antiproliferative activity in different cancer cell lines. Furthermore, apoptosis, Dox accumulation, MDR1 downregulation, ROS, and NO production in A2780/DX3 cells were also evaluated. Our results confirm that Lube S improves Dox antiproliferative and apoptotic activities through different mechanisms of action, all of which may contribute to the final antitumor effect. Moderate stereoselectivity was found, with Lube S significantly more effective than its enantiomer (Lube R) and the corresponding racemate (Lube S/R). Docking simulation studies on the ABCB1 Cryo-EM structure supported the hypothesis that Lube S forms a stable MDR1-Dox-Lube S complex, which hampers the protein transmembrane domain flipping and blocks the efflux of Dox from resistant A2780/DX3 cells. In conclusion, our in vitro studies reinforce our previous hypothesis for repositioning the anti-ischemic Lube S as a potentiating agent in anticancer chemotherapy.
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Savchenko RG, Nové M, Spengler G, Hunyadi A, Parfenova LV. In vitro adjuvant antitumor activity of various classes of semi-synthetic poststerone derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104485. [PMID: 33261846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Various classes of semi-synthetic analogs of poststerone, the product of oxidative cleavage of the C20-C22 bond in the side chain of the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone, were synthesized. The analogs were obtained by reductive transformations using L-Selectride and H2-Pd/C, by molecular abeo-rearrangements using the DAST reagent or ultrasonic treatment in the NaI-Zn-DMF system, and by acid-catalyzed reactions of poststerone derivatives with various aldehydes (o-FC6H4CHO, m-CF3C6H4CHO, CO2Me(CH2)8CHO). The products were tested on a mouse lymphoma cell line pair, L5178 and its ABCB1-transfected multi-drug resistant counterpart, L5178MDR, for their in vitro activity alone and in combination with doxorubicin, and for the ability to inhibit the ABCB1 transporter. Among the tested compounds, new 2,3-dioxolane derivatives of the pregnane ecdysteroid were found to have a pronounced chemosensitizing activity towards doxorubicin and could be considered as promising candidates for further structure optimization for the development of effective chemosensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma G Savchenko
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Márta Nové
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm sq. 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm sq. 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia.
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Novel Antibiotic Combinations of Diverse Subclasses for Effective Suppression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8831322. [PMID: 33488725 PMCID: PMC7803158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the chief etiological agent for a range of refractory infections, has rendered all β-lactams ineffective against it. The treatment process is further complicated with the development of resistance to glycopeptides, primary antibiotics for treatment of MRSA. Antibiotic combination therapy with existing antimicrobial agents may provide an immediate treatment option. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 different commercially available antibiotics were determined along with their 90 possible pairwise combinations and 64 triple combinations to filter out 5 best combinations. Time-Kill kinetics of these combinations were then analyzed to find collateral bactericidal combinations which were then tested on other randomly selected MRSA isolates. Among the top 5 combinations including levofloxacin-ceftazidime; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-tobramycin; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-cephradine; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-ofloxacin; and piperacillin/tazobactam-tobramycin, three combinations were found to be collaterally effective. Levofloxacin-ceftazidime acted synergistically in 80% of the tested clinical MRSA isolates. First-line β-lactams of lower generations can be used effectively against MRSA infection when used in combination. Antibiotics other than glycopeptides may still work in combination.
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Value of quantifying ABC transporters by mass spectrometry and impact on in vitro-to-in vivo prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions of rivaroxaban. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:27-37. [PMID: 31945490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters, such as P-gp and BCRP, are involved in rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and can lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Investigations of the victim role for rivaroxaban and transporter-mediated DDI are commonly performed using in vitro models. However, interpretation of rivaroxaban efflux transport and DDI studies in cell models may be influenced by P-gp and BCRP transporter abundance. This study aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS quantification method for assessing the relationship between transporter expression and functionality in Caco-2ATCC, Caco-2ECACC, MDCK-MDR1, MDCK-BCRP cell models. First, the relative and absolute quantities of the transporters were determined by LC-MS/MS. P-gp and BCRP expression was then confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, P-gp and BCRP functional activities and half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of two specific inhibitors (verapamil and ko143) were determined by bidirectional transport experiments. P-gp and BCRP protein expression was detected at the cell membrane and was greater in the respective transfected models. Efflux ratios were correlated with P-gp and BCRP quantities. The lowest IC50s were obtained in the MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP models for verapamil and ko143, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LC-MS/MS can accurately quantify P-gp and BCRP efflux transporters and thereby improve the interpretation of transport data and in vitro-in vivo correlations.
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BaniHani MN, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Bashir NA, Shakhatreh MAK, Sabi SH, Alrabadi N. The Association between ABCB1 C1236T/C3435T SNPs and H. pylori Infection among Jordanians. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010063. [PMID: 31948121 PMCID: PMC7017356 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is very common and affecting about 50% of the worldwide population. Several genetic variations have been implicated in determining the clinical susceptibility to this infection. In the current study, we examined the association between C1236T (rs1045642) and C3435T (rs1045642) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABCB1 gene and the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Jordanians. A total of 412 subjects (257 H. pylori-positive cases and 155 H. pylori-negative controls) were recruited and participated in the study, and the genotyping of the ABCB1 gene was performed using RFLP-PCR techniques. A significant association was detected between C1236T and H. pylori infection (p < 0.01). The frequency of CT genotype was significantly higher in the positive cases (40.1%) compared to the controls (21.3%). In addition, the C3435T SNP was weakly associated with H. pylori infection (p = 0.077). Haplotype analysis of C1236T and C3435T SNPs showed that the TT haplotype was present in 22.7% of the positive cases compared to 30.7% of the negative controls (p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.663, 95% CI: (0.483-0.911)). Consequently, the TT haplotype seems to decrease the risk of H. pylori infection. In conclusion, the current results suggest an association between ABCB1 SNPs and H. pylori infection in the Jordanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. BaniHani
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (O.F.K.); (M.A.K.S.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nabil A. Bashir
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Muhamad Ali K. Shakhatreh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (O.F.K.); (M.A.K.S.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Salsabeel H. Sabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (O.F.K.); (M.A.K.S.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
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Fan D, Jiang L, Song Y, Bao S, Yang Y, Yuan X, Zhen Y, Yang M, Xiong D. An Engineered Fusion Protein Anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM Effectively Inhibits ADR-Resistant B Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:861. [PMID: 31555598 PMCID: PMC6737009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of patients with B cell lymphoma is about 50% after initial diagnosis, mainly because of resistance to chemotherapy. Hence, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of chemo-resistance and to explore novel methods to circumvent multidrug resistance. Previously, we showed that an engineered cytotoxic fusion protein anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM (lidamycin), can induce apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells. Herein, we successfully established an adriamycin (ADR)-resistant B cell lymphoma cell line BJAB/ADR. The mRNA and protein level of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) were significantly overexpressed in BJAB/ADR cells. Increased efflux function of ABCB1 was observed by analyzing intracellular accumulation and efflux of Rhodamine 123. The efflux of Rhodamine 123 could be significantly ameliorated by verapamil. Treatment with anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM at different concentrations induced cytotoxic response of BJAB/ADR cells similar to that of the sensitive cells. In vivo studies showed that anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM had better antitumor effect in BJAB and BJAB/ADR cell lymphoma xenografts compared with ADR or LDM treatment alone. Taken together, anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM can effectively inhibit the growth of BJAB/ADR cells both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-CD19(Fab)-LDM could be a promising molecule for the treatment of drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuewen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Mirzaev KB, Fedorinov DS, Ivashchenko DV, Sychev DA. Multi-Ethnic Analysis of Cardiac Pharmacogenetic Markers of Cytochrome P450 and Membrane Transporters Genes in the Russian Population. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-3-393-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To summarize Russian studies using pharmacogenetic testing as applied to cardiology.Material and methods. The authors conducted an online search for articles in December 2018 using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. The search was carried out by keywords: "Russia", "Russian", "cardiology" together with the terms associated with the polymorphic marker, including: «P450», «CYP2C19», «CYP2D6», «CYP2B1», «CYP2B6», «CYP2Е1», «CYP2C8», «CYP2C9», «CYP3A4», «CYP3A5», «CYP1A1», «CYP1A2», «CYP4F2», «CYP4F1», «ABCB1», «SLCO1B1», «VKORC1», «GGCX», «SULT1A1», «CULT1», «CES1», «gene», «genes», «pharmacogenetics», «pharmacogenomics», «ethnic group».Results. Generalization of information allowed to identify obscure genes that need to be investigated in pharmacogenetic studies. This information can be used for the development of dosing algorithms and the priority choice of drugs, considering the results of pharmacogenetic testing and planning future research.Conclusion. The results of the literature review indicate the importance of studying the most clinically valid and clinically useful pharmacogenetic markers (CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, SLCO1B1) among various ethnic groups in the Russian Federation. With the accumulation of evidence of clinical validity and clinical utility of other pharmacogenetic markers (CES1, CYP2D6*4, etc.), the problem of interethnic differences in the carriage of clinically significant polymorphisms of these genes identified in previous studies in the Russian Federation increasingly requires attention. The most promising for the introduction into the clinical practice in the Russian Federation in the near future are polymorphic markers of the CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1 and SLCO1B1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
| | - D. S. Fedorinov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - D. A. Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
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Mirzaev KB, Fedorinov DS, Ivashchenko DV, Sychev DA. ADME pharmacogenetics: future outlook for Russia. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:847-865. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review reflects the results of pharmacogenetic studies in the Russian Federation aimed at studying the genes involved in the drug biotransformation system. The works of Russian researchers found by us are mostly devoted to microsomal liver oxidation enzymes (metabolism) and membrane transporter systems (absorption and excretion). This review presents population-ethnic and associative clinical studies on the genes of the CYP450 system, noncytochrome oxidation enzymes ( SULT1A1, CES1), membrane transporter system genes ( ABCB1, SLCO1B1) and warfarin biotransformation enzymes ( VKORC1, GGCX). The information is structured in the form of 11 tables, divided by regions of the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis S Fedorinov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Ivashchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Rusli N, Amanah A, Kaur G, Adenan MI, Sulaiman SF, Wahab HA, Tan ML. The inhibitory effects of mitragynine on P-glycoprotein in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:481-496. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen C, Lee MH, Weng CF, Leong MK. Theoretical Prediction of the Complex P-Glycoprotein Substrate Efflux Based on the Novel Hierarchical Support Vector Regression Scheme. Molecules 2018; 23:E1820. [PMID: 30037151 PMCID: PMC6100076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane-bound transporter, can eliminate xenobiotics by transporting them out of the cells or blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Thus, P-gp mediated efflux plays a pivotal role in altering the absorption and disposition of a wide range of substrates. Nevertheless, the mechanism of P-gp substrate efflux is rather complex since it can take place through active transport and passive permeability in addition to multiple P-gp substrate binding sites. A nonlinear quantitative structure⁻activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed in this study using the novel machine learning-based hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) scheme to explore the perplexing relationships between descriptors and efflux ratio. The predictions by HSVR were found to be in good agreement with the observed values for the molecules in the training set (n = 50, r² = 0.96, qCV2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.10, s = 0.10) and test set (n = 13, q² = 0.80⁻0.87, RMSE = 0.21, s = 0.22). When subjected to a variety of statistical validations, the developed HSVR model consistently met the most stringent criteria. A mock test also asserted the predictivity of HSVR. Consequently, this HSVR model can be adopted to facilitate drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Han Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Crawford RR, Potukuchi PK, Schuetz EG, Schuetz JD. Beyond Competitive Inhibition: Regulation of ABC Transporters by Kinases and Protein-Protein Interactions as Potential Mechanisms of Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [PMID: 29514827 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane efflux transporters mediating the extrusion of an array of substrates ranging from amino acids and lipids to xenobiotics, and many therapeutic compounds, including anticancer drugs. The ABC transporters are also recognized as important contributors to pharmacokinetics, especially in drug-drug interactions and adverse drug effects. Drugs and xenobiotics, as well as pathologic conditions, can influence the transcription of ABC transporters, or modify their activity or intracellular localization. Kinases can affect the aforementioned processes for ABC transporters as do protein interactions. In this review, we focus on the ABC transporters ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, ABCC4, and ABCG2 and illustrate how kinases and protein-protein interactions affect these transporters. The clinical relevance of these factors is currently unknown; however, these examples suggest that our understanding of drug-drug interactions will benefit from further knowledge of how kinases and protein-protein interactions affect ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Praveen K Potukuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Erin G Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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12
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Huo M. New oral anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in orthopaedic patients: Are they really better? Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:45-57. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SummaryProphylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered standard of care. Appropriate chemoprophylaxis for VTE has been mandated by the United States government agencies and consumer groups. However, controversies exist regarding the most clinically relevant and safe chemoprophylaxis protocols in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Thus, this paper reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of newer oral anticoagulants. A literature search was performed for oral anticoagulants in advanced stages of development using PubMed and abstracts from thrombosis meetings. Most clinical trial data have demonstrated equal or superior efficacy in venographic endpoints in comparison to low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). However, bleeding complications have been reported to occur with oral anticoagulants as frequently as or more frequently than with LMWH. Other potential complications reported include liver enzyme elevation and cardiac irregularities. It remains to be established whether newer oral anticoagulants will be better alternatives to the current standard-ofcare in real-life medical clinical practice.
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13
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Mirzaev KB, Sychev DA, Ryzhikova KA, Konova OD, Mammaev SN, Gafurov DM, Shuev GN, Grishina EA, Sozaeva ZA. Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Transport Proteins in a Russian Population and Three Ethnic Groups of Dagestan. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:747-753. [PMID: 29023140 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polymorphic markers of the CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, and ABCB1 genes among the three ethnic groups in Dagestan and compare it with the carrier frequency of these markers among the Russian population living in Moscow. METHODS The study involved 186 healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers (53 males and 133 females) of the three ethnic groups in the Dagestan Republic: 46 Laks, 90 Avars, and 50 Dargins. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalences of the three Dagestan peoples were compared with ethnic Russians from the Moscow region. RESULTS Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphisms: CYP2C19*17, CYP2C9*3, ABCB1 (C3435T), SLCO1B1*5 were found between the Russian population and the three ethnic groups of the Dagestan republic. CONCLUSION The data obtained from this study will help with prioritization genotyping in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Mirzaev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sychev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina A Ryzhikova
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga D Konova
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suleiman N Mammaev
- 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Dagestan State Medical University," Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Makhachkala, Russia
| | | | - Grigorij N Shuev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Grishina
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhannet A Sozaeva
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Li F, Howard KD, Myers MJ. Influence of P-glycoprotein on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:274-284. [PMID: 28090646 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is responsible for the efflux of a broad variety of human and veterinary drugs. Canine P-gp polymorphisms alter drug disposition and toxicity, but their impact on the disposition of enantiomeric drugs is unknown. Using fexofenadine as a model compound, we developed and validated HPLC-fluorescence methods to determine the effect of P-gp on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers. METHODS A chiral CD-Ph column was used for the separation of (R) and (S)-fexofenadine. Determination of racemic fexofenadine was achieved on an XDB-CN column. Fexofenadine and its enantiomers were detected by fluorescence at the excitation wavelength of 220 nm and emission wavelength of 300 nm. These methods were used to measure concentrations of fexofenadine and its enantiomers in Collie plasma after oral administration. KEY FINDINGS This study demonstrates that P-gp prefers to transport (S)-fexofenadine, and P-gp deficiency causes the increase in both (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine in plasma. Racemic fexofenadine, (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine were increased in ABCB1-1Δ Collies (118.7, 72.0 and 48.3 ng/ml) compared to wild-type Collies (25.0, 16.5 and 7.7 ng/ml) at 1 h postadministration. The results demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of P-gp plays a key role in the disposition of fexofenadine enantiomers. CONCLUSIONS The information derived from this drug model will be used to determine whether additional safety or efficacy requirements are necessary for enantiomeric drugs that would be used in dogs or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Karyn D Howard
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
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15
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He YJ, Winham SJ, Hoskins JM, Glass S, Paul J, Brown R, Motsinger-Reif A, McLeod HL. Carboplatin/taxane-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: a pharmacogenomics study on the SCOTROC1 trial. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:243-8. [PMID: 26194361 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carboplatin/taxane combination is first-line therapy for ovarian cancer. However, patients can encounter treatment delays, impaired quality of life, even death because of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. A candidate gene study was conducted to assess potential association of genetic variants with GI toxicity in 808 patients who received carboplatin/taxane in the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer 1 (SCOTROC1). Patients were randomized into discovery and validation cohorts consisting of 404 patients each. Clinical covariates and genetic variants associated with grade III/IV GI toxicity in discovery cohort were evaluated in replication cohort. Chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity was significantly associated with seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ATP7B, GSR, VEGFA and SCN10A genes. Patients with risk genotypes were at 1.53 to 18.01 higher odds to develop carboplatin/taxane-induced GI toxicity (P<0.01). Variants in the VEGF gene were marginally associated with survival time. Our data provide potential targets for modulation/inhibition of GI toxicity in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Pharmacogenetics Research institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - S J Winham
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J M Hoskins
- Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Glass
- Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Brown
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H L McLeod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Pharmacogenetics Research institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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16
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Walsh DR, Nolin TD, Friedman PA. Drug Transporters and Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/Drosophila Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:656-80. [PMID: 26092975 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters govern the absorption, distribution, and elimination of pharmacologically active compounds. Members of the solute carrier and ATP binding-cassette drug transporter family mediate cellular drug uptake and efflux processes, thereby coordinating the vectorial movement of drugs across epithelial barriers. To exert their physiologic and pharmacological function in polarized epithelia, drug transporters must be targeted and stabilized to appropriate regions of the cell membrane (i.e., apical versus basolateral). Despite the critical importance of drug transporter membrane targeting, the mechanisms that underlie these processes are largely unknown. Several clinically significant drug transporters possess a recognition sequence that binds to PSD-95/Drosophila discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins. PDZ proteins, such as the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family, act to stabilize and organize membrane targeting of multiple transmembrane proteins, including many clinically relevant drug transporters. These PDZ proteins are normally abundant at apical membranes, where they tether membrane-delimited transporters. NHERF expression is particularly high at the apical membrane in polarized tissue such as intestinal, hepatic, and renal epithelia, tissues important to drug disposition. Several recent studies have highlighted NHERF proteins as determinants of drug transporter function secondary to their role in controlling membrane abundance and localization. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that NHERF proteins may have clinically significant roles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several pharmacologically active compounds and may affect drug action in cancer and chronic kidney disease. For these reasons, NHERF proteins represent a novel class of post-translational mediators of drug transport and novel targets for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Walsh
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
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17
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Tsugane M, Uejima E, Suzuki H. Microchamber device for detection of transporter activity of adherent cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:32. [PMID: 25853126 PMCID: PMC4364289 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method to detect the transporter activity of intact adherent cells using a microchamber device. When adherent cells are seeded onto the poly-di-methyl siloxane substrate having microchambers with openings smaller than the size of a cell, the cells form a confluent layer that covers the microchambers, creating minute, confined spaces. As substances exported across the cell membrane accumulate, transporter activity can be detected by observing the fluorescence intensity increase in the microchamber. We tested the microchamber device with HeLa cells over-expressing MDR1, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, and succeeded in detecting the transport of fluorescence-conjugated paclitaxel, the anti-cancer drug, at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Tsugane
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University , Tokyo , Japan ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research and Education, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Etsuko Uejima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research and Education, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University , Tokyo , Japan
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18
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Handa K, Nakagome I, Yamaotsu N, Gouda H, Hirono S. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis for Human Pregnane X Receptor for the Prediction of CYP3A4 Induction in Human Hepatocytes: Structure-Based Comparative Molecular Field Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:223-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Jalota A, Scarabelli TM, Saravolatz L, Bakhsh MU, Agrawal P, Jalota R, Chen-Scarabelli C, Fuster V, Halperin J. Novel Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:247-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Achilli TM, McCalla S, Meyer J, Tripathi A, Morgan JR. Multilayer spheroids to quantify drug uptake and diffusion in 3D. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2071-81. [PMID: 24641346 PMCID: PMC4096226 DOI: 10.1021/mp500002y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There
is a need for new quantitative in vitro models of
drug uptake and diffusion to help assess drug toxicity/efficacy as
well as new more predictive models for drug discovery. We report a
three-dimensional (3D) multilayer spheroid model and a new algorithm
to quantitatively study uptake and inward diffusion of fluorescent
calcein via gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). When
incubated with calcein-AM, a substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein
(Pgp), spheroids from a variety of cell types accumulated calcein
over time. Accumulation decreased in spheroids overexpressing Pgp
(HEK-MDR) and was increased in the presence of Pgp inhibitors (verapamil,
loperamide, cyclosporin A). Inward diffusion of calcein was negligible
in spheroids that lacked GJIC (OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3) and was reduced in
the presence of an inhibitor of GJIC (carbenoxolone). In addition
to inhibiting Pgp, verapamil and loperamide, but not cyclosporin A,
inhibited inward diffusion of calcein, suggesting that they also inhibit
GJIC. The dose response curves of verapamil’s inhibition of
Pgp and GJIC were similar (IC50: 8 μM). The method
is amenable to many different cell types and may serve as a quantitative
3D model that more accurately replicates in vivo barriers
to drug uptake and diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni-Marie Achilli
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, ‡Center for Biomedical Engineering, and §School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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21
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Stuurman FE, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Oral anticancer drugs: mechanisms of low bioavailability and strategies for improvement. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:399-414. [PMID: 23420518 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of oral anticancer drugs has increased during the last decade, because of patient preference, lower costs, proven efficacy, lack of infusion-related inconveniences, and the opportunity to develop chronic treatment regimens. Oral administration of anticancer drugs is, however, often hampered by limited bioavailability of the drug, which is associated with a wide variability. Since most anticancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and are dosed at or close to the maximum tolerated dose, a wide variability in the bioavailability can have a negative impact on treatment outcome. This review discusses mechanisms of low bioavailability of oral anticancer drugs and strategies for improvement. The extent of oral bioavailability depends on many factors, including release of the drug from the pharmaceutical dosage form, a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal tract, factors affecting dissolution, the rate of passage through the gut wall, and the pre-systemic metabolism in the gut wall and liver. These factors are divided into pharmaceutical limitations, physiological endogenous limitations, and patient-specific limitations. There are several strategies to reduce or overcome these limitations. First, pharmaceutical adjustment of the formulation or the physicochemical characteristics of the drug can improve the dissolution rate and absorption. Second, pharmacological interventions by combining the drug with inhibitors of transporter proteins and/or pre-systemic metabolizing enzymes can overcome the physiological endogenous limitations. Third, chemical modification of a drug by synthesis of a derivative, salt form, or prodrug could enhance the bioavailability by improving the absorption and bypassing physiological endogenous limitations. Although the bioavailability can be enhanced by various strategies, the development of novel oral products with low solubility or cell membrane permeability remains cumbersome and is often unsuccessful. The main reasons are unacceptable variation in the bioavailability and high investment costs. Furthermore, novel oral anticancer drugs are frequently associated with toxic effects including unacceptable gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, compliance is often suboptimal, which may negatively influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik E Stuurman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Rachidi S, Aldin ES, Greenberg C, Sachs B, Streiff M, Zeidan AM. The use of novel oral anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis after elective major orthopedic surgery. Expert Rev Hematol 2013; 6:677-95. [PMID: 24219550 PMCID: PMC4124620 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2013.853430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Due to the high incidence of venous thromboembolism in this setting, perioperative anticoagulation is the recommended approach for thromboprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux and warfarin are the agents commonly used for thromboprophylaxis. The well-recognized limitations of warfarin and the inconvenience and discomfort associated with the subcutaneous administration of low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux inspired intense investigation to develop novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with more predictable pharmacokinetics, fewer drug interactions and no need for regular laboratory monitoring. Three NOACs have been demonstrated to be effective for thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in large randomized controlled trials. Here we review the pharmacology of rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban, summarize the major clinical trials of these agents in thromboprophylaxis after THA and TKA, and discuss the clinical factors to be considered by providers when selecting a NOAC for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rachidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ehab Saad Aldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Greenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Barton Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael Streiff
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1, Room 186, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Nuin E, Jiménez MC, Sastre G, Andreu I, Miranda MA. Drug-Drug Interactions within Protein Cavities Probed by Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1603-7. [PMID: 26282966 DOI: 10.1021/jz400640s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A new direct and noninvasive methodology based on transient absorption spectroscopy has been developed to probe the feasibility of drug-drug interactions within a common protein binding site. The simultaneous presence of (R)-cinacalcet (CIN) and (S)-propranolol (PPN) within human or bovine α1-acid glycoproteins (AAGs) is revealed by detection of (3)CIN* as the only transient species after laser flash photolysis of CIN/PPN/AAG mixtures at 308 nm. This is the result of triplet-triplet energy transfer from (3)PPN* to CIN, which requires close contact between the two drugs within the same biological compartment. Similar results are obtained with nabumetone and CIN as donor/acceptor partners. This new methodology can, in principle, be extended to a variety of drug/drug/biomolecule combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Nuin
- †Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- †Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Sastre
- †Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- ‡Unidad mixta de investigación IIS La Fe-UPV, Hospital La Fe, Avda. Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- †Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Screening compounds with a novel high-throughput ABCB1-mediated efflux assay identifies drugs with known therapeutic targets at risk for multidrug resistance interference. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60334. [PMID: 23593196 PMCID: PMC3622673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), is a membrane-associated multidrug transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. It is one of the most widely studied transporters that enable cancer cells to develop drug resistance. Reliable high-throughput assays that can identify compounds that interact with ABCB1 are crucial for developing new therapeutic drugs. A high-throughput assay for measuring ABCB1-mediated calcein AM efflux was developed using a fluorescent and phase-contrast live cell imaging system. This assay demonstrated the time- and dose-dependent accumulation of fluorescent calcein in ABCB1-overexpressing KB-V1 cells. Validation of the assay was performed with known ABCB1 inhibitors, XR9576, verapamil, and cyclosporin A, all of which displayed dose-dependent inhibition of ABCB1-mediated calcein AM efflux in this assay. Phase-contrast and fluorescent images taken by the imaging system provided additional opportunities for evaluating compounds that are cytotoxic or produce false positive signals. Compounds with known therapeutic targets and a kinase inhibitor library were screened. The assay identified multiple agents as inhibitors of ABCB1-mediated efflux and is highly reproducible. Among compounds identified as ABCB1 inhibitors, BEZ235, BI 2536, IKK 16, and ispinesib were further evaluated. The four compounds inhibited calcein AM efflux in a dose-dependent manner and were also active in the flow cytometry-based calcein AM efflux assay. BEZ235, BI 2536, and IKK 16 also successfully inhibited the labeling of ABCB1 with radiolabeled photoaffinity substrate [125I]iodoarylazidoprazosin. Inhibition of ABCB1 with XR9576 and cyclosporin A enhanced the cytotoxicity of BI 2536 to ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells, HCT-15-Pgp, and decreased the IC50 value of BI 2536 by several orders of magnitude. This efficient, reliable, and simple high-throughput assay has identified ABCB1 substrates/inhibitors that may influence drug potency or drug-drug interactions and predict multidrug resistance in clinical treatment.
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25
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Harmsen S, Meijerman I, Maas-Bakker RF, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. PXR-mediated P-glycoprotein induction by small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 48:644-9. [PMID: 23277288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of drug resistance as a result of exposure to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an important drawback to the successful use of these agents in the clinic. Although one of the most established mechanisms by which cells acquire drug resistance to anticancer drugs is the up regulation of drug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP), it is currently still unknown whether TKIs have the propensity to induce PGP. The effect of TKIs on the protein expression and activity of PGP was assessed after treatment of LS180 cells with clinically relevant concentrations of the TKIs. In addition, the involvement of the nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR), a known regulator of PGP expression, was determined. At least five out of the nine tested TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib, nilotinib, sorafenib, vandetanib) were able to induce the expression of PGP within 48 h in LS180 cells. Accordingly, these TKIs were also shown to affect the accumulation of a P-glycoprotein specific probe substrate. Furthermore, we showed that the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is an important regulator of PGP induction, is involved in the upregulation of PGP protein expression following exposure to these TKIs. Our data show that PXR-mediated upregulation of PGP expression by TKIs might be a possible mechanism underlying acquired drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harmsen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Ioan P, Ciogli A, Sirci F, Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Pierini M, Severi E, Chiarini A, Cruciani G, Gasparrini F, Spinelli D, Carosati E. Absolute configuration and biological profile of two thiazinooxadiazol-3-ones with L-type calcium channel activity: a study of the structural effects. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8994-9003. [PMID: 23073236 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of our interest in racemic thiazinooxadiazol-3-ones we determined the absolute configuration and the biological activity as L-type calcium channel blockers of two compounds that differ in the length of the acetal chain, which could affect the pharmacological profile. We observed an interesting inversion of the stereoselectivity, with the activity residing on the R-form for a short chain compound (n = 1) and on the S-form for a long chain one (n = 12). The length of the linear acetal chain appears to be able to invert the stereoselectivity of such a class of compounds, and in silico simulations suggested that this different behaviour might be explained by different hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions with the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfranco Ioan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Grandvuinet AS, Vestergaard HT, Rapin N, Steffansen B. Intestinal transporters for endogenic and pharmaceutical organic anions: the challenges of deriving in-vitro kinetic parameters for the prediction of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1523-48. [PMID: 23058041 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review provides an overview of intestinal human transporters for organic anions and stresses the need for standardization of the various in-vitro methods presently employed in drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigations. KEY FINDINGS Current knowledge on the intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1, MCT3-5, the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) 1-6, the organic anion transporting polypetides (OATP) 2B1, 1A2, 3A1 and 4A1, and the organic solute transporter α/β (OSTα/β) has been covered along with an overview of their substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, the many challenges in predicting clinically relevant DDIs from in-vitro studies have been discussed with focus on intestinal transporters and the various methods for deducting in-vitro parameters for transporters (K(m) /K(i) /IC50, efflux ratio). The applicability of using a cut-off value (estimated based on the intestinal drug concentration divided by the K(i) or IC50) has also been considered. SUMMARY A re-evaluation of the current approaches for the prediction of DDIs is necessary when considering the involvement of other transporters than P-glycoprotein. Moreover, the interplay between various processes that a drug is subject to in-vivo such as translocation by several transporters and dissolution should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Grandvuinet
- Drug Transporters in ADME, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Reed K, Parissenti AM. The effect of ABCB1 genetic variants on chemotherapy response in HIV and cancer treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 12:1465-83. [PMID: 22008050 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their clearly distinct pathophysiologies, HIV and cancer are diseases whose response to chemotherapy treatment varies substantially amongst patients, in particular for those with prior drug exposure. This has been attributed, in part, to elevated expression of the ABCB1 drug transporter in some patients, which results in reduced drug accumulation in target tissues. Many mechanisms have been identified for this elevated expression of ABCB1, including variations in the sequence of the gene coding for the transporter (ABCB1). Over 50 SNPs within ABCB1 have been identified. Associations have been made between the presence of specific ABCB1 SNPs/haplotypes and both ABCB1 expression and the efficacy or toxicity of certain chemotherapy regimens. If these associations are strong and reproducibly demonstrated, then this would greatly aid in the development of individualized therapy regimes for specific cancer or HIV patients, based on their ABCB1 genotypes. This article highlights the significant recent progress made in this direction, but cautions that the utility of ABCB1 gene variants as biomarkers of chemotherapy drug response remains unclear to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Reed
- Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Kim TE, Gu N, Yoon SH, Cho JY, Park KM, Shin SG, Jang IJ, Yu KS. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a new P-glycoprotein inhibitor, HM30181, in healthy Korean male volunteers: single- and multiple-dose randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Clin Ther 2012; 34:482-94. [PMID: 22284902 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HM30181 is an oral P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate drugs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of HM30181 after single and multiple oral administrations to healthy Korean male volunteers. The study was performed to meet regulatory criteria for marketing the test product in South Korea. METHODS A dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study was performed in 180-, 360-, 600-, and 900-mg single-dose groups and 60-, 180-, and 360-mg multiple-dose groups with 10 subjects (8 active; 2 placebo) per group. In the single-dose study, blood and urine samples were collected for up to 120 hours after drug administration. In the multiple-dose study, subjects received the study drug or placebo orally once daily for 5 days. Blood samples were collected up to 624 hours after the last dose, and up to 24 hours after the first dose to evaluate the accumulation index. Urine samples were collected up to 120 hours after the last dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Adverse events were collected by the spontaneous reporting of the subjects or when subjects were asked general health-related questions. RESULTS Thirty and 70 healthy male volunteers completed the single- and multiple-dose studies, respectively. Mean (SD) age and body weight of subjects in the single administration group were 24.0 (1.8) years and 68.8 (7.4) kg, respectively, and those of the multiple administration group were 24.5 (2.6) years and 67.6 (7.7) kg, respectively. The plasma concentrations peaked at 14 to 42 hours and declined with t(½) of 75.7 to 169.3 hours after single administration, and peaked at 5.5 to 8.0 hours and declined with t(½) of 153.5 to 215.2 hours after multiple administrations. C(max) and area under the concentration curve within dosing intervals (AUC(τ)) increased dose dependently after single administration; however, dose-dependent increases in C(max) and AUC(τ) were not observed after multiple administrations. The fraction of drug excreted unchanged in urine was minimal, with values <0.01% in all dose groups. HM30181 accumulated after multiple administrations with an accumulation index of 4.0 to 7.4. All adverse events reported were mild in intensity; there were no serious adverse events reported. The most frequently reported adverse event was gastrointestinal disorder. CONCLUSIONS HM30181 was well tolerated after oral administration within the dose range evaluated, with the exception of the repeated administration of 360 mg, for which gastrointestinal disorders were frequently reported. The systemic exposure of HM30181 was relatively low, and dose proportional properties of HM30181 were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Warnich L, Drögemöller BI, Pepper MS, Dandara C, Wright GEB. Pharmacogenomic Research in South Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities in the Rainbow Nation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:191-207. [PMID: 22563365 PMCID: PMC3228231 DOI: 10.2174/187569211796957575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
South Africa, like many other developing countries, stands to benefit from novel diagnostics and drugs developed by pharmacogenomics guidance due to high prevalence of disease burden in the region. This includes both communicable (e.g., HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) and non-communicable (e.g., diabetes and cardiovascular) diseases. For example, although only 0.7% of the world's population lives in South Africa, the country carries 17% of the global HIV/AIDS burden and 5% of the global tuberculosis burden. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu has coined the term Rainbow Nation, referring to a land of wealth in its many diverse peoples and cultures. It is now timely and necessary to reflect on how best to approach new genomics biotechnologies in a manner that carefully considers the public health needs and extant disease burden in the region. The aim of this paper is to document and review the advances in pharmacogenomics in South Africa and importantly, to evaluate the direction that future research should take. Previous research has shown that the populations in South Africa exhibit unique allele frequencies and novel genetic variation in pharmacogenetically relevant genes, often differing from other African and global populations. The high level of genetic diversity, low linkage disequilibrium and the presence of rare variants in these populations question the feasibility of the use of current commercially available genotyping platforms, and may partially account for genotype-phenotype discordance observed in past studies. However, the employment of high throughput technologies for genomic research, within the context of large clinical trials, combined with interdisciplinary studies and appropriate regulatory guidelines, should aid in acceleration of pharmacogenomic discoveries in high priority therapeutic areas in South Africa. Finally, we suggest that projects such as the H3Africa Initiative, the SAHGP and PGENI should play an integral role in the coordination of genomic research in South Africa, but also other African countries, by providing infrastructure and capital to local researchers, as well as providing aid in addressing the computational and statistical bottlenecks encountered at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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31
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Fareed J, Thethi I, Hoppensteadt D. Old versus new oral anticoagulants: focus on pharmacology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 52:79-99. [PMID: 21819239 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of heparin nearly a century ago, there have been large gaps in the development of anticoagulants. The discovery of warfarin was the first step toward using oral anticoagulants, but warfarin use has been associated with its own challenges from the perspectives of the prescribing physician and the patient. Warfarin, along with other coumarins, has a narrow therapeutic index, requires frequent monitoring, exhibits interindividual response variations, and is associated with several adverse effects. Frequent drug and food interactions contribute to potential safety and efficacy compromise. The indications for use of oral anticoagulants have increased, as these drugs are used not only for thrombosis management but also for cardiovascular indications, producing more challenges for oral anticoagulant use. Factor Xa and thrombin targeting has provided a rational approach to develop new oral anticoagulants with improvements over warfarin. In this review, the pharmacology of warfarin and the pharmacology of the newly developed oral anti-Xa and antithrombin agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawed Fareed
- Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
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33
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Bachmeier CJ, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Ganey NJ, Mullan MJ, Levin GM. Induction of drug efflux protein expression by venlafaxine but not desvenlafaxine. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:233-44. [PMID: 21446053 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Venlafaxine and its metabolite desvenlafaxine are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors currently prescribed for the treatment of depression. Previously, it was reported that venlafaxine is an inducer of MDR1, the gene responsible for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The present study expanded upon these findings by examining the effect of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine on the expression of both P-gp and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in human brain endothelial cells (HBMEC), an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The HBMEC were treated for 1 h with various concentrations (500 nM to 50 µM) of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine. Western blot analysis revealed treatment with venlafaxine significantly induced the expression of P-gp (2-fold) and BCRP (1.75-fold) in a dose-dependent manner, while treatment with desvenlafaxine had no effect on drug efflux transporter expression. To determine the functional significance of this effect, the permeability of a known drug efflux probe, rhodamine 123, across the BBB model and Caco-2 cells, a model of intestinal absorption, were examined. Treatment with venlafaxine (1-50 µM) for 1 h significantly reduced the apical-to-basolateral permeability of R123 across the BBB model (30%) and Caco-2 cell monolayers (25%), indicative of increased drug efflux transporter expression at the apical membrane. Conversely, desvenlafaxine had no effect on R123 permeability in either cellular model. These studies indicate that venlafaxine, but not desvenlafaxine is an inducer of drug efflux transporter expression, which consequently increases the potential for clinical drug-drug interactions. Therefore, based on these preliminary results, caution should be taken when prescribing venlafaxine with other P-gp substrates.
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Jung HJ, Chung SY, Nam JW, Chae SW, Lee YJ, Seo EK, Lee HJ. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-induced multidrug resistance by a clerodane-type diterpenoid from Sindora sumatrana. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2095-101. [PMID: 20730973 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of di- and sesquiterpenoids isolated from the pods of Sindora sumatrana Miq. (Leguminosae) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function in an adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/ADR. Over-expression of P-gp is known to be one of the mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a major obstacle in clinical cancer treatment. Among six di- and sesquiterpenoids extracted from S. sumatrana, (+)-7beta-acetoxy-15,16-epoxycleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (1) showed a strong P-gp inhibitory effect, as great as that of verapamil, a representative P-gp inhibitor. Compound 1 enhanced daunomycin accumulation more than fourfold and significantly decreased daunomycin efflux compared with control, resulting in a decrease in the IC(50) value for daunomycin. These results suggest that compound 1 inhibits the functioning of P-gp and, therefore, can be developed as an MDR-reversing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Jung
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Szerémy P, Pál Á, Méhn D, Tóth B, Fülöp F, Krajcsi P, Herédi-Szabó K. Comparison of 3 Assay Systems Using a Common Probe Substrate, Calcein AM, for Studying P-gp Using a Selected Set of Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:112-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057110385230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) transporter is the most abundantly investigated adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter protein. Multiple assay systems were developed to study MDR1-mediated transport and possible drug-drug interactions. Yet, as different probe substrates are used in these assays, it is difficult to directly compare the results. In this study, a common probe substrate was applied in 3 assay systems developed to study MDR1: the cellular dye efflux assay, the ATPase assay, and the vesicular transport assay. This probe substrate is calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein AM), the acetoxymethyl ester derivative of the fluorescent dye, calcein. Using a common probe allows the investigation of the effect of passive permeability on the result obtained by testing various compounds. In this study, 22 compounds with different logP values were tested in the above-mentioned 3 assay systems. The vesicular transport assay proved most sensitive, detecting 18 of 22 interactions with the protein. The ATPase assay detected 15 interactions, whereas the cellular dye efflux assay was the least sensitive with only 10 hits. A correlation was found between the hydrophobicity of the compound and the ratio of cellular and vesicular transport IC50 values, indicating the effect of passive permeability on the result. Based on hydrophobicity, the current study provides guidelines on applying the most correct tool for studying MDR1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ákos Pál
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Méhn
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Oral warfarin is associated with extensive food and drug interactions, and there is a need to consider such interactions with the new oral anticoagulants (OACs) dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban. A literature survey was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and recent abstracts from thrombosis meetings to identify publications related to food, drug and dietary supplement interaction studies with dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban. Clinical experience regarding food interactions is currently limited. Regarding drug-drug interactions, dabigatran requires caution when used in combination with strong inhibitors or inducers of P-glycoprotein, such as amiodarone or rifampicin. Rivaroxaban (and possibly apixaban) is contraindicated in combination with drugs that strongly inhibit both cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein, such as azole antimycotics, and caution is required when used in combination with strong inhibitors of only one of these pathways. Important drug interactions of the new OACs that can lead to adverse clinical reactions may also occur with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications and food supplements (e.g. St. John's Wort) may also interact with the new OACs. Given the common long-term use of drugs for some chronic disorders, the frequent use of OTC medications and the need for multiple treatments in special populations, such as the elderly people, it is essential that the issue of drug interactions is properly evaluated. New OACs offer significant potential advantages to the field of venous thromboprophylaxis, but we should not fail to appreciate their lack of extensive clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Walenga
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Lee EJD, Lean CB, Limenta LMG. Role of membrane transporters in the safety profile of drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 5:1369-83. [PMID: 19663740 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903176421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has increasingly been recognized that few molecules move across the cell membrane without the assistance of transporter proteins. Large superfamilies of transporter proteins have been identified in every living cell, including microorganisms and mitochondria. This report reviews the role of transporters in physiology and pharmacology, and identifies where this may have an impact on drug efficacy and toxicity. This new understanding will require a fresh appreciation of pharmacokinetics and drug effects, as the current paradigms are based largely on the assumption that drug molecules have a reasonable unrestricted permeability across membranes. Rather than just focusing on clearance changes and central compartment pharmacokinetics, it will become increasingly necessary to examine the peripheral tissue distribution of drugs to more accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Jon Deoon Lee
- National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Singapore.
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Padowski JM, Pollack GM. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic implications of P-glycoprotein modulation. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:359-384. [PMID: 19949932 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated transport has significant pharmacokinetic implications for Pgp substrates. Pharmacokinetic alterations may be at the systemic (blood concentrations), regional (organ or tissue concentrations), or local (intracellular concentrations) level. Regardless of the particular location of Pgp modulation, changes in substrate pharmacokinetics will have the potential to alter the magnitude and duration of pharmacologic effect (pharmacodynamics). It is important to understand each of the aspects of Pgp modulation for a given Pgp substrate in order to predict the degree to which Pgp modulation may affect that substrate, to minimize untoward effects associated with that modulation, or to exploit that modulation for specific therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie M Padowski
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Marathe PH, Rodrigues AD. Examination of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein-mediated drug-drug interactions using animal models. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:385-403. [PMID: 19949933 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of polytherapy for cancer treatment it has become prudent to minimize, as much as possible, the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDI). Toward this end, the metabolic and transporter pathways involved in the disposition of a drug candidate (phenotyping) and potential for inhibition and induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are evaluated in vitro. Such in vitro human data can be made available prior to human dosing and enable in vitro to in vivo-based predictions of clinical outcomes. Despite some success, however, in vitro systems are not dynamic and sometimes fail to predict drug-drug interactions for a variety of reasons. In comparison, relatively less effort has been made to evaluate predictions based on data derived from in vivo animal models. This chapter will attempt to summarize different examples from the literature where animal models have been used to predict cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)- and P-glycoprotein-based DDI. When employing data from animal models one needs to be aware of species differences in enzyme- and transporter-activity leading to differences in pharmacokinetics, clearance pathways as well as species differences in selectivity and affinity of probe substrates and inhibitors. Because of these differences, in vivo animal studies alone, cannot be predictive of human DDI. Despite these caveats, the information obtained from validated in vivo animal models may prove useful when used in conjunction with in vitro-in vivo extrapolation methods. Such an integrated data set can be used to select drug candidates with a reduced DDI potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit H Marathe
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, USA.
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Hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors: Large, flexible molecules of peptide origin show satisfactory permeability across Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:556-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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41
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Belli S, Elsener PM, Wunderli-Allenspach H, Krämer SD. Cholesterol-mediated activation of P-glycoprotein: distinct effects on basal and drug-induced ATPase activities. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1905-18. [PMID: 18937360 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol promotes basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). We investigated whether these effects are related to each other and to the impact of the sterol on bilayer fluidity and verapamil membrane affinity. P-gp was reconstituted in egg-phosphatidylcholine (PhC) liposomes with or without cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) or 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC). Basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activities were studied with an enzymatic assay. Membrane fluidity was characterized with diphenyl-hexatriene anisotropy measurements and membrane affinity by equilibrium dialysis. DPPC (70% mol/mol) decreased the fluidity of PhC bilayers to the same level as 20% cholesterol. PMC (20%) and alpha-Toc (20%) decreased the fluidity to lesser extents. alpha-Toc and PMC, but not DPPC increased the verapamil membrane affinity. While 20% cholesterol strikingly enhanced the basal ATPase activity, none of the other constituents had a similar effect. In contrast, verapamil stimulation of P-gp ATPase activity was not only enabled by cholesterol but also by alpha-Toc and DPPC. PMC had no effect. In conclusion, cholesterol exerts distinct effects on basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activity. The influence on basal ATPase activity is sterol-specific while its effect on verapamil-induced ATPase activity is unspecific and not related to its influence on membrane fluidity and on verapamil membrane affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Belli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Maragakis NJ. Rethinking a drug treatment failure on a traditional ALS target. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:254-7. [PMID: 19309797 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a recent issue of Experimental Neurology, Boston-Howes and colleagues used an assay of glutamate transport to screen 1040 FDA approved drugs in an attempt to identify compounds that would increase glutamate transport, a central function of astrocytes, and a potential biological target for neuroprotection for a variety of neurological disorders. They identified the compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as a particularly good candidate for inducing glutamate transport. Pharmacological increases in glutamate transport could have a number of potential applications to diseases of the nervous system where glutamate excitotoxicity is thought to be a contributing factor to pathogenesis including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and epilepsy among others. They chose to test this compound in a model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)--the SOD1G93A mouse. In both human ALS and rodent models of the disease, glutamate excitotoxicity and abnormalities in glutamate transporter biology more specifically, have been implicated in ALS disease propagation. Interestingly, while the authors nicely demonstrate that NDGA has a biological effect on glutamate transport in normal (wild type) central nervous system tissues both in vitro and in vivo, it was the somewhat unexpected (and often overlooked) findings in the ALS mouse model that makes this manuscript notable and suggests that rethinking translational approaches to drug therapies in ALS may be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Maragakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 6-119, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Viale M, Cordazzo C, Cosimelli B, de Totero D, Castagnola P, Aiello C, Severi E, Petrillo G, Cianfriglia M, Spinelli D. Inhibition of MDR1 Activity in Vitro by a Novel Class of Diltiazem Analogues: Toward New Candidates. J Med Chem 2008; 52:259-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Viale
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Cinzia Cordazzo
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Barbara Cosimelli
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Daniela de Totero
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Cinzia Aiello
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Elda Severi
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Giovanni Petrillo
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Maurizio Cianfriglia
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
| | - Domenico Spinelli
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Terapia Immunologica, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, S.C. Trasferimento Genico, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy, Istituto Superiore di
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Implications of ABC transporters on the disposition of typical veterinary medicinal products. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:510-9. [PMID: 18417119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 are efflux transporters that facilitate the excretion of drugs, contribute to the function of biological barriers and maintain low cytoplasmic substrate concentrations in cells. ABC transporters modulate drug absorption, distribution and elimination according to the level of expression in the intestine, liver, kidney, and at biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Moreover individual transporters are known to convey multi-drug resistance to tumour cells. While these diverse functions have been described in laboratory animal studies and in humans, the available information is very limited in animal species that are typical veterinary patients. This brief review summarizes the available data on organ distribution and expression levels in animals, genetic defects in dogs resulting in a non-functional P-gp expression, and describes examples of kinetic investigations directed to assess the clinical relevance of species differences in ABC-transporter expression.
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