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Wu J, Liu J. Review of the Capacity to Accurately Detect the Temperature of Human Skin Tissue Using the Microwave Radiation Method. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38785695 PMCID: PMC11117873 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microwave radiometry (MWR) is instrumental in detecting thermal variations in skin tissue before anatomical changes occur, proving particularly beneficial in the early diagnosis of cancer and inflammation. This study concisely traces the evolution of microwave radiometers within the medical sector. By analyzing a plethora of pertinent studies and contrasting their strengths, weaknesses, and performance metrics, this research identifies the primary factors limiting temperature measurement accuracy. The review establishes the critical technologies necessary to overcome these limitations, examines the current state and prospective advancements of each technology, and proposes comprehensive implementation strategies. The discussion elucidates that the precise measurement of human surface and subcutaneous tissue temperatures using an MWR system is a complex challenge, necessitating an integration of antenna directionality for temperature measurement, radiometer error correction, hardware configuration, and the calibration and precision of a multilayer tissue forward and inversion method. This study delves into the pivotal technologies for non-invasive human tissue temperature monitoring in the microwave frequency range, offering an effective approach for the precise assessment of human epidermal and subcutaneous temperatures, and develops a non-contact microwave protocol for gauging subcutaneous tissue temperature distribution. It is anticipated that mass-produced measurement systems will deliver substantial economic and societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Jie Liu
- The Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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2
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Tarakanov AV, Tarakanov AA, Skorodumova EG, Roberts N, Kobayshi T, Vesnin SG, Zelman V, Goryanin I. Age-Related Changes in the Temperature of the Lumbar Spine Measured by Passive Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3294. [PMID: 37958191 PMCID: PMC10647231 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the age dependence of the temperature of the low back in the region of the five lumbar vertebrae by using passive microwave radiometry (MWR). The rationale for the study is that the infrared brightness on which the temperature measurement is based will be dependent upon blood circulation and thus on metabolic, vascular, and other regulatory factors. The brightness and infrared temperatures were determined in five zones above each of the medial, left, and right lateral projections of the vertebrae. A total of 115 healthy subjects were recruited, aged between 18 and 84 years. No significant differences in infrared temperature were detected. As predicted, brightness temperature increased until 25 years old and then gradually decreased. In subjects over 70 years of age, compared with those aged 60-70 years, there is a significant increase in brightness temperature at the level of 3-5 lumbar vertebrae by 0.3-0.7 °C. This is interpreted as indicating that individuals who have lived to an advanced age successfully maintain metabolic and regenerative processes. The benchmark data that has been obtained can be usefully employed in future studies of the aetiology of low back pain. In particular, the prospect exists for the technology to be used to provide a non-invasive biomarker to evaluate the effectiveness of antiaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Tarakanov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexander A. Tarakanov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.A.T.)
| | | | - Neil Roberts
- The Queen’s Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | | | | | - Vladimir Zelman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of South California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Igor Goryanin
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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3
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Emilov B, Sorokin A, Seiitov M, Kobayashi BT, Chubakov T, Vesnin S, Popov I, Krylova A, Goryanin I. Diagnostic of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 37568948 PMCID: PMC10417460 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest CT is widely regarded as a dependable imaging technique for detecting pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, but there is growing interest in microwave radiometry (MWR) of the lungs as a possible substitute for diagnosing lung involvement. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the utility of the MWR approach as a screening tool for diagnosing pneumonia with complications in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Our study involved two groups of participants. The control group consisted of 50 individuals (24 male and 26 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 years who underwent clinical evaluations and had no known medical conditions. The main group included 142 participants (67 men and 75 women) between the ages of 20 and 87 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2020 to June 2021. Skin and lung temperatures were measured at 14 points, including 2 additional reference points, using a previously established method. Lung temperature data were obtained with the MWR2020 (MMWR LTD, Edinburgh, UK). All participants underwent clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, MWR of the lungs, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The MWR exhibits a high predictive capacity as demonstrated by its sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 92.7%. CONCLUSIONS MWR of the lungs can be a valuable substitute for chest CT in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with COVID-19, especially in situations where chest CT is unavailable or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Emilov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aleksander Sorokin
- Department of Physics, Medical Informatics and Biology, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Named after Boris Yeltsin, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Meder Seiitov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Tulegen Chubakov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Continuous Education Named after S.B. Daniyarov, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK;
| | - Illarion Popov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Krylova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AZ, UK
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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4
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Shevelev OA, Petrova MV, Mengistu EM, Yuriev MY, Kostenkova IZ, Vesnin SG, Kanarskii MM, Zhdanova MA, Goryanin I. Correction of Local Brain Temperature after Severe Brain Injury Using Hypothermia and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) as Companion Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061159. [PMID: 36980467 PMCID: PMC10047658 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperature of the brain can reflect the activity of its different regions, allowing us to evaluate the connections between them. A study involving 111 patients in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state used microwave radiometry to measure their cortical temperature. The patients were divided into a main group receiving a 10-day selective craniocerebral hypothermia (SCCH) procedure, and a control group receiving basic therapy and rehabilitation. The main group showed a significant improvement in consciousness level as measured by CRS-R assessment on day 14 compared to the control group. Temperature heterogeneity increased in patients who received SCCH, while remaining stable in the control group. The use of microwave radiometry to assess rehabilitation effectiveness and the inclusion of SCCH in rehabilitation programs appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Shevelev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Petrova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elias M Mengistu
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Yuriev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Z Kostenkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) LTD, Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK
| | - Michael M Kanarskii
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Zhdanova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Onna 904-0495, Japan
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Laskari K, Siores E, Tektonidou MM, Sfikakis PP. Microwave Radiometry for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Arthritis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040609. [PMID: 36832097 PMCID: PMC9955117 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of microwave radiometry (MWR) to detect with high accuracy in-depth temperature changes in human tissues is under investigation in various medical fields. The need for non-invasive, easily accessible imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis provides the background for this application in order to detect the local temperature increase due to the inflammatory process by placing the appropriate MWR sensor on the skin over the joint. Indeed, a number of studies reviewed herein have reported interesting results, suggesting that MWR is useful for the differential diagnosis of arthritis as well as for the assessment of clinical and subclinical inflammation at the individual large or small joint level and the patient level. MWR showed higher agreement with musculoskeletal ultrasound, used as a reference, than with clinical examination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while it also appeared useful for the assessment of back pain and sacroiliitis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm these findings, taking into account the current limitations of the available MWR devices. This may lead to the production of easily accessible and inexpensive MWR devices that will provide a powerful impetus for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Laskari
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.L.); Tel.: +30-213-2061061; Fax: +30-210-7791839
| | - Elias Siores
- University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK
| | - Maria M. Tektonidou
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Fisher L, Fisher O, Chebanov D, Vesnin S, Goltsov A, Turnbull A, Dixon M, Kudaibergenova I, Osmonov B, Karbainov S, Popov L, Losev A, Goryanin I. Passive Microwave Radiometry and microRNA Detection for Breast Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:118. [PMID: 36611410 PMCID: PMC9818474 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention is an important health issue for women worldwide. In this study, we compared the conventional breast cancer screening exams of mammography and ultrasound with the novel approaches of passive microwave radiometry (MWR) and microRNA (miRNA) analysis. While mammography screening dynamics could be completed in 3-6 months, MWR provided a prediction in a matter of weeks or even days. Moreover, MWR has the potential of being complemented with miRNA diagnostics to further improve its predictive quality. These novel techniques can be used alone or in conjunction with more established techniques to improve early breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Fisher
- Russian Academy of Medico-Social Rehabilitation, Moscow 105037, Russia
| | - Olga Fisher
- Russian Academy of Medico-Social Rehabilitation, Moscow 105037, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Arran Turnbull
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Mike Dixon
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | | | - Batyr Osmonov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA), Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Larion Popov
- Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK
| | - Alexander Losev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Igor Goryanin
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AR, UK
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7
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Villa E, Aja B, de la Fuente L, Artal E, Arteaga-Marrero N, Ramos G, Ruiz-Alzola J. Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 36671860 PMCID: PMC9855903 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-time calibration and performance assessment, recalibrating the receiver through simultaneous measurable outputs. Experimental characterization of the prototypes includes a well-defined calibration procedure, which is described and demonstrated, as well as DC conversion from the microwave input power. Regarding performance, high sensitivity is provided in all the bands with noise temperatures around 100 K, reducing the impact of the receiver on the measurements and improving its sensitivity. Calibrated temperature retrievals exhibit outstanding results for several noise sources, for which temperature deviations are lower than 0.1% with regard to the expected temperature. Furthermore, a temperature recovery test for biological tissues, such as a human forearm, provides temperature values on the order of 310 K. In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Villa
- Grupo Tecnología Médica IACTEC, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aja
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Luisa de la Fuente
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo Artal
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Natalia Arteaga-Marrero
- Grupo Tecnología Médica IACTEC, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Gara Ramos
- Grupo Tecnología Médica IACTEC, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Alzola
- Grupo Tecnología Médica IACTEC, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departamento de Señales y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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8
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Diagnostics of Ovarian Tumors in Postmenopausal Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112619. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains an urgent issue owing to the continuing trend towards increasing incidence along with only marginal improvements in mortality and 5-year survival rates. Furthermore, there is a lack of a clear formulation of the concept of pathogenesis. The diagnostic values of tumor markers, their potential advantages and disadvantages, and their combination with radiation imaging methods and transvaginal sonography are discussed. More advanced imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have proven too expensive for widespread use. According to the World Health Organization, more than half of the world’s population does not have access to diagnostic imaging. Consequently, there is high demand for a low-cost, reliable, and safe imaging system for detecting and monitoring cancer. Currently, there is no clear algorithm available for examining and accurately diagnosing patients with postmenopausal ovarian tumors; moreover, reliable criteria allowing dynamic observation and for determining surgical access and optimal surgical intervention measures in postmenopausal patients are lacking. Medical microwave radiometry shows promising results yielding an accuracy of 90%.
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9
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Microminiaturization of Multichannel Multifrequency Radiographs. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 56:225-229. [PMID: 36311439 PMCID: PMC9596336 DOI: 10.1007/s10527-022-10207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the challenge of introducing methods for investigating patients reducing or eliminating the probability of infection of medical staff is currently relevant. This article provides an analytical review of new technological approaches to organizing the work of medical personnel in carrying out auscultation of patients with COVID-19. The development and approval of such technologies is shown to have started around the world. The ubiquitous and large-scale introduction of these methods into medical practice therefore seems expedient.
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10
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Tisdale K, Bringer A, Kiourti A. Development of a Coherent Model for Radiometric Core Body Temperature Sensing. IEEE JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETICS, RF AND MICROWAVES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 6:355-363. [PMID: 36034518 PMCID: PMC9400640 DOI: 10.1109/jerm.2021.3137962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the utility of a wideband, physics-based model to determine human core body or brain temperature via microwave radiometry. Pennes's bioheat equation is applied to a six-layer human head model to generate the expected layered temperature profile during the development of a fever. The resulting temperature profile is fed into the forward electromagnetic (EM) model to determine the emitted brightness temperature at various points in time. To accurately retrieve physical temperature via radiometry, the utilized model must incorporate population variation statistics and cover a wide frequency band. The effect of human population variation on emitted brightness temperature is studied by varying the relevant thermal and EM parameters, and brightness temperature emissions are simulated from 0.1 MHz to 10 GHz. A Monte Carlo simulation combined with literature-derived statistical distributions for the thermal and EM parameters is performed to analyze population-level variation in resulting brightness temperature. Variation in thermal parameters affects the offset of the resulting brightness temperature signature, while EM parameter variation shifts the key maxima and minima of the signature. The layering of high and low permittivity layers creates these key maxima and minima via wave interference. This study is one of the first to apply a coherent model to and the first to examine the effect of population-representative variable distributions on radiometry for core temperature measurement. These results better inform the development of an on-body radiometer useful for core body temperature measurement across the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Tisdale
- Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43212 USA
| | - Alexandra Bringer
- Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43212 USA
| | - Asimina Kiourti
- Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43212 USA
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11
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Dynamic Weight Agnostic Neural Networks and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) for Breast Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092037. [PMID: 36140439 PMCID: PMC9497764 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Medical microwave radiometry (MWR) is used to capture the thermal properties of internal tissues and has usages in breast cancer detection. Our goal in this paper is to improve classification performance and investigate automated neural architecture search methods. Methods: We investigated extending the weight agnostic neural network by optimizing the weights using the bi-population covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (BIPOP-CMA-ES) once the topology was found. We evaluated and compared the model based on the F1 score, accuracy, precision, recall, and the number of connections. Results: The experiments were conducted on a dataset of 4912 patients, classified as low or high risk for breast cancer. The weight agnostic BIPOP-CMA-ES model achieved the best average performance. It obtained an F1-score of 0.933, accuracy of 0.932, precision of 0.929, recall of 0.942, and 163 connections. Conclusions: The results of the model are an indication of the promising potential of MWR utilizing a neural network-based diagnostic tool for cancer detection. By separating the tasks of topology search and weight training, we can improve the overall performance.
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12
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Thermal Balance of the Brain and Markers of Inflammatory Response in Patients with Schizophrenia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:505-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Study of Brain Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Chronic Disorders of Consciousness and Healthy Individuals Using Microwave Radiometry. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081777. [PMID: 35892486 PMCID: PMC9331034 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of circadian rhythms in the human body using temperature measurements is the most informative way to assess the viability of the body’s rhythm-organizing systems. Pathological processes can affect circadian rhythm dynamics in damaged organs. Severe brain damage that caused the development of disorders of consciousness (DOC) (strokes, traumatic brain injury) disrupts the activity of central oscillators, by directly damaging or destroying the periphery links, and the level of preservation of circadian rhythms and the dynamics of their recovery can be informative diagnostic criteria for patient’s condition assessment. This study examined 23 patients with DOC by using a non-invasive method for obtaining body and cerebral cortex temperature to compare with healthy controls. Measurements were made with a 4 h interval for 52 h beginning at 08:00 on day 1 and ending at 08:00 on day 3. The profile of patients with DOC showed complete disruption compared to healthy controls with rhythmic patterns. The results indicate that the mechanisms for maintaining brain circadian rhythms are different from general homeostasis regulation of the body. Use of microwave radio thermometry for the identification of rehabilitation potential in patients with DOC is a promising area of investigation.
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14
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Goryanin I, Ovchinnikov L, Vesnin S, Ivanov Y. Monitoring Protein Denaturation of Egg White Using Passive Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061498. [PMID: 35741308 PMCID: PMC9221703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) is a measurement technique based on the detection of passive radiation in the microwave spectrum of different objects. When in equilibrium, this radiation is known to be proportional to the thermodynamic temperature of an emitting body. We hypothesize that living systems feature other mechanisms of emission that are based on protein unfolding and water rotational transitions. To understand the nature of these emissions, microwave radiometry was used in several in vitro experiments. In our study, we performed pilot measurements of microwave emissions from egg whites during denaturation induced by ethanol. Egg whites comprise 10% proteins, such as albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins. We observed a novel phenomenon: microwave emissions changed without a corresponding change in the water’s thermodynamic temperature. We also found striking differences between microwave emissions and thermodynamic temperature kinetics. Therefore, we hypothesize that these two processes are unrelated, contrary to what was thought before. It is known that some pathologies such as stroke or brain trauma feature increased microwave emissions. We hypothesize that this phenomenon originates from protein denaturation and is not related to the thermodynamic temperature. As such, our findings could explain the reason for the increase in microwave emissions after trauma and post mortem for the first time. These findings could be used for the development of novel diagnostics methods. The MWR method is inexpensive and does not require fluorescent or radioactive labels. It can be used in different areas of basic and applied pharmaceutical research, including in kinetics studies in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Goryanin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-049, Japan
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- Institute Experimental and Theoretical Biophysics, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lev Ovchinnikov
- Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) LTD, Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK; (L.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) LTD, Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK; (L.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Yuri Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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Tarakanov AV, Tarakanov AA, Kharybina T, Goryanin I. Treatment and Companion Diagnostics of Lower Back Pain Using Self-Controlled Energo-Neuroadaptive Regulator (SCENAR) and Passive Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051220. [PMID: 35626373 PMCID: PMC9140957 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of nonspecific lower back pain (LBP) is currently largely based on the patient’s subjective feelings. The purpose of this study was to use passive microwave radiometry (MWR) as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of various treatment methods in patients with acute and subacute nonspecific LBP. Patients with a pain assessment on a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 6 to 10 points were divided into two groups: Group I included patients with pharmacological, syndrome-oriented treatment (n = 30, age 54.9 ± 2.3 years); Group II included a combination of pharmacotherapy with self-controlled energy-neuroadaptive regulation (SCENAR) (n = 25, age 52.8 ± 2.5 years). The analysis showed that the addition of SCENAR therapy (Group II) significantly potentiated the analgesic effect at the stages of treatment, and after 3 weeks, this had increased by more than two times, by 1.3 points on the VAS. There was also a significant decrease in the maximum internal temperature and normalization of the gradient of internal and skin temperatures, and a decrease in thermo-asymmetry, as assessed by temperature fields. Thermal asymmetry visualization allows the identification of the area of pathological muscle spasm and/or inflammation in the projection of the vertebral-motor segment for the possible targeted use of treatment methods such as percutaneous electro neurostimulation, massage, manual therapy, diagnostic and treatment blocks, etc. The MWR method also avoids unnecessary radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatyana Kharybina
- Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Igor Goryanin
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JS, UK
- Correspondence:
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Losev AG, Popov IE, Petrenko AY, Gudkov AG, Vesnin SG, Chizhikov SV. Some Methods for Substantiating Diagnostic Decisions Made Using Machine Learning Algorithms. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 55:442-447. [PMID: 35283490 PMCID: PMC8898747 DOI: 10.1007/s10527-022-10153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Various classification algorithms used in the diagnosis of breast cancer based on microwave radiometry data are considered. In particular, their principles of operation and the possibility of substantiating diagnoses using numerical data are discussed. A substantiation algorithm based on decision trees and a naive Bayesian classifier is presented. Examples of substantiation are given for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Losev
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I E Popov
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - A G Gudkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S V Chizhikov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.,OOO NPP Tekhnologicheskie Innovatsii, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Levshinskii V, Galazis C, Losev A, Zamechnik T, Kharybina T, Vesnin S, Goryanin I. Using AI and passive medical radiometry for diagnostics (MWR) of venous diseases. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 215:106611. [PMID: 34998169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) passive microwave radiometry (MWR) for the diagnostics of venous diseases. MWR measures non-invasive microwave emission (internal temperature) from human body 4 cm deep. The method has been used for early diagnostics in cancer, back pain, brain, COVID-19 pneumonia, and other diseases. In this paper, an AI model based on MWR data is proposed. The model was used to predict the disease state of phlebology patients. We have used MWR and infrared (skin temperature) data of the lower extremities to design a feature space and construct a classification algorithm. Our method has a sensitivity above 0.8 and a specificity above 0.7. At the same time, our method provides an advisory outcome in terms which are understandable for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Galazis
- School of Informatics University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Losev
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - T Zamechnik
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - T Kharybina
- Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - I Goryanin
- School of Informatics University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Moscow, Russia; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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Passive Microwave Radiometry for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lung Complications in Kyrgyzstan. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020259. [PMID: 33562419 PMCID: PMC7914607 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), could be due to limited access to diagnostic tests and equipment. Currently, most diagnoses use the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT). However, challenges exist with CT use due to infection control, lack of CT availability in low- and middle-income countries, and low RT-PCR sensitivity. Passive microwave radiometry (MWR), a cheap, non-radioactive, and portable technology, has been used for cancer and other diseases’ diagnoses. Here, we tested MWR use first time for the early diagnosis of pulmonary COVID-19 complications in a cross-sectional controlled trial in order to evaluate MWR use in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and healthy individuals. We measured the skin and internal temperature using 30 points identified on the body, for both lungs. Pneumonia and lung damage were diagnosed by both CT scan and doctors’ diagnoses (pneumonia+/pneumonia−). COVID-19 was determined by RT-PCR (covid+/covid−). The best MWR results were obtained for the pneumonia−/covid− and pneumonia+/covid+ groups. The study suggests that MWR could be used for diagnosing pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Since MWR is inexpensive, its use will ease the financial burden for both patients and countries. Clinical Trial Number: NCT04568525.
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Vesnin SG, Sedankin MK, Gudkov AG, Leushin VY, Sidorov IA, Porokhov IO, Agasieva SV, Vidyakin SI. A Printed Antenna with an Infrared Temperature Sensor for a Medical Multichannel Microwave Radiometer. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10527-020-10011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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