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Liu C, Kuang S, Huang T, Wu J, Zhang L, Gong X. Radiotherapy plus temozolomide with or without anlotinib in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma: A retrospective cohort study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14730. [PMID: 38644565 PMCID: PMC11033330 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the hallmark of H3K27M mutation, aberrant amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are commonly observed in diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a highly malignant brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Here, we intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multitarget RTK inhibitor anlotinib in patients with H3K27M-DMG. METHODS A total of 40 newly diagnosed H3K27M-DMG patients including 15 with anlotinib and 25 without anlotinib treatment were retrospectively enrolled in this cohort. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were assessed and compared. RESULTS The median PFS and OS of all patients in this cohort were 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.5-11.3) and 15.5 months (95% CI, 12.6-17.1), respectively. According to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, the disease control rate in the anlotinib group [93.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 70.2-98.8] was significantly higher than those without anlotinib (64%, 95% CI: 40.5-79.8, p = 0.039). The median PFS of patients with and without anlotinib was 11.6 months (95% CI, 7.8-14.3) and 6.4 months (95% CI, 4.3-10.3), respectively. Both the median PFS and OS of DMG patients treated with anlotinib were longer than those without anlotinib in the infratentorial patients (PFS: 10.3 vs. 5.4 months, p = 0.006; OS: 16.6 vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis also indicated anlotinib (HR: 0.243, 95% CI: 0.066-0.896, p = 0.034) was an independent prognosticator for longer OS in the infratentorial subgroup. In addition, the adverse events of anlotinib administration were tolerable in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study first reported that anlotinib combined with Stupp regimen is a safe and feasible regimen for newly diagnosed patients with H3K27M-DMG. Further, anlotinib showed significant efficacy for H3K27M-DMG located in the infratentorial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Liu C, Kuang S, Wu L, Cheng Q, Gong X, Wu J, Zhang L. Radiotherapy and radio-sensitization in H3 K27M -mutated diffuse midline gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37157237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3K27M mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are extremely aggressive and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric brain tumors with 5-year survival <1%. Radiotherapy is the only established adjuvant treatment of H3K27M DMGs; however, the radio-resistance is commonly observed. METHODS We summarized current understandings of the molecular responses of H3K27M DMGs to radiotherapy and provide crucial insights into current advances in radiosensitivity enhancement. RESULTS Ionizing radiation (IR) can mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing DNA damage regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair (DDR) system. In H3K27M DMGs, the aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes, stemness genotype, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) disrupt the cell cycle checkpoints and DDR system by altering the associated regulatory signaling pathways, which leads to the development of radio-resistance. CONCLUSIONS The advances in mechanisms of radio-resistance in H3K27M DMGs promote the potential targets to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Zuo P, Li Y, Wang T, Lin X, Wu Z, Zhang J, Liao X, Zhang L. A novel CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with irradiation demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy in diffuse midline glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:159-171. [PMID: 37133743 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG) is a lethal pediatric brainstem tumor. Despite numerous efforts to improve survival benefits, its prognosis remains poor. This study aimed to design and synthesize a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor YF-PRJ8-1011, which exhibited more potent antitumor activity against a panel of patient-derived DMG tumor cells in vitro and in vivo compared with palbociclib. METHODS Patient-derived DMG cells were used to assess the antitumor efficacy of YF-PRJ8-1011 in vitro. The liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method was used to measure the activity of YF-PRJ8-1011 passing through the blood-brain barrier. DMG patient-derived xenograft models were established to detect the antitumor efficacy of YF-PRJ8-1011. RESULTS The results showed that YF-PRJ8-1011 could inhibit the growth of DMG cells both in vitro and in vivo. YF-PRJ8-1011 could well penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It also significantly inhibited the growth of DMG tumors and prolonged the overall survival of mice compared with vehicle or palbociclib. Most notably, it exerted potent antitumor efficacy in DMG in vitro and in vivo compared with palbociclib. In addition, we also found that YF-PRJ8-1011 combined with radiotherapy also showed more significant inhibition of DMG xenograft tumor growth than radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION Collectively, YF-PRJ8-1011 is a novel, safe, and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor for DMG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaopeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Zhuhai Yufan Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China.
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4
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Lyu Y, Guo Y, Okeoma CM, Yan Z, Hu N, Li Z, Zhou S, Zhao X, Li J, Wang X. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs): Promising diagnostic/therapeutic tools for pediatric high-grade glioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114630. [PMID: 37094548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly malignant brain tumor that mainly occurs in children with extremely low overall survival. Traditional therapeutic strategies, such as surgical resection and chemotherapy, are not feasible mostly due to the special location and highly diffused features. Radiotherapy turns out to be the standard treatment method but with limited benefits of overall survival. A broad search for novel and targeted therapies is in the progress of both preclinical investigations and clinical trials. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic candidate due to their distinct biocompatibility, excellent cargo-loading-delivery capacity, high biological barrier penetration efficiency, and ease of modification. The utilization of EVs in various diseases as biomarker diagnoses or therapeutic agents is revolutionizing modern medical research and practice. In this review, we will briefly talk about the research development of DIPG, and present a detailed description of EVs in medical applications, with a discussion on the application of engineered peptides on EVs. The possibility of applying EVs as a diagnostic tool and drug delivery system in DIPG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lyu
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yupei Guo
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595-1524, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zian Li
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Junqi Li
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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5
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du Chatinier A, Meel MH, Das AI, Metselaar DS, Waranecki P, Bugiani M, Breur M, Simonds EF, Lu ED, Weiss WA, Garcia Vallejo JJ, Hoving EW, Phoenix TN, Hulleman E. Generation of Immunocompetent Syngeneic Allograft Mouse Models for Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac079. [PMID: 35733514 PMCID: PMC9210310 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are highly malignant incurable pediatric brain tumors. A lack of effective treatment options highlights the need to investigate novel therapeutic strategies. This includes the use of immunotherapy, which has shown promise in other hard-to-treat tumors. To facilitate preclinical immunotherapeutic research, immunocompetent mouse models that accurately reflect the unique genetic, anatomical, and histological features of DMG patients are warranted.
Methods
We established cell cultures from primary DMG mouse models (C57BL/6) that were generated by brainstem targeted intra-uterine electroporation (IUE). We subsequently created allograft DMG mouse models by orthotopically implanting these tumor cells into syngeneic mice. Immunohistochemistry and -fluorescence, mass cytometry, and cell-viability assays were then used to verify that these murine tumors recapitulated human DMG.
Results
We generated three genetically distinct allograft models representing histone 3 wildtype (H3 WT) and K27M-mutant DMG (H3.3 K27M and H3.1 K27M). These allograft models recapitulated the histopathologic phenotype of their human counterparts, including their diffuse infiltrative growth and expression of DMG-associated antigens. These murine pontine tumors also exhibited an immune microenvironment similar to human DMG, characterized by considerable myeloid cell infiltration and a paucity of T-lymphocytes and NK cells. Finally, we show that these murine DMG cells display similar sensitivity to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition as patient-derived DMG cells.
Conclusions
We created and validated an accessible method to generate immunocompetent allograft models reflecting different subtypes of DMG. These models adequately recapitulated the histopathology, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response of human DMG, providing useful tools for future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaël H Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arvid I Das
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Piotr Waranecki
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin F Simonds
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edbert D Lu
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan J Garcia Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco W Hoving
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati/ Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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6
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Adult diffuse midline gliomas H3 K27-altered: review of a redefined entity. J Neurooncol 2022; 158:369-378. [PMID: 35567713 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3 K27-altered is a type of high-grade gliomas first recognized as a new entity in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors as DMG H3 K27M-mutant, recently renamed in the new 2021 WHO classification. The aim of this review is to describe the characteristics of diffuse midline gliomas H3 K27-altered in the adult population. METHODS We performed a review of the current literature regarding the genetic, clinical, imaging characteristics and management of diffuse midline gliomas H3 K27-altered in adult patients. RESULTS The 2021 WHO classification now designates the previously recognized DMG H3K27M-mutant as DMG H3 K27-altered, recognizing the alternative mechanisms by which the pathogenic pathway can be altered. Thus, the diagnostic criteria for this entity consist of diffuse growth pattern, midline anatomic location, and H3 K27-specific neuroglial mutations. DMGs' characteristic midline location makes them difficult to surgically resect and biopsy, carrying high mortality and morbidity rates, with median survival ranging from 9 to 12 months in adult patients. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of DMGs H3 K27-altered in adult patients should be considered upon neurological symptoms associated with an infiltrative midline brain tumor detected on imaging. Future studies are necessary to continue refining their characteristics in this age group.
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7
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Lu F, Shen SH, Wu S, Zheng P, Lin K, Liao J, Jiang X, Zeng G, Wei D. Hypomethylation-induced prognostic marker zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 12 contributes to glioblastoma progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:334. [PMID: 35434031 PMCID: PMC9011314 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignancy, characterized by abnormal signal transductions caused by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators. Studies show the palmitoylation of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors participate in cancer progression, while studies of protein S-palmitoyltransferases in glioma are limited. A systematic analysis of zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHC) in glioma is still lacking. Methods A prognostic heatmap and Kaplan-Meier overall survival plot of 24 members of the ZDHHC family in pan-cancer created. The expression and prognostic significance of ZDHHC12 was analyzed by using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and PrognoScan. DBTRG and U251 cells with silenced ZDHHC12 expression were constructed and used for cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assay and wound healing assay in vitro. Results Here, we first conducted expression and prognostic analyses of 24 ZDHHCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and other glioma datasets. We found ZDHHC12 to be the only unfavorable prognostic marker in glioma. The function of ZDHHC12 in glioma was then investigated with loss-of-function strategies and in vitro cell assays. Results showed that ZDHHC12 knockdown remarkably reduced the growth, migration, and invasion capabilities in DBTRG and U251 cell lines, suggesting that ZDHHC12 may contribute to malignant behavior in glioma cells. Finally, the molecular basis for ZDHHC12 expression in glioma was analyzed, and DNA hypomethylation was found to be responsible for increased ZDHHC12 mRNA expression and related prognoses. Conclusions ZDHHC12 positively promoted the proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Decreased DNA methylation may lead to increased ZDHHC12 expression in gliomas. This study may deepen the understanding of glioma progression and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shang-Hang Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shizhong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Larrew T, Saway BF, Lowe SR, Olar A. Molecular Classification and Therapeutic Targets in Ependymoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246218. [PMID: 34944845 PMCID: PMC8699461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is a biologically diverse tumor wherein molecular classification has superseded traditional histological grading based on its superior ability to characterize behavior, prognosis, and possible targeted therapies. The current, updated molecular classification of ependymoma consists of ten distinct subgroups spread evenly among the spinal, infratentorial, and supratentorial compartments, each with its own distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. In this review, the history, histopathology, standard of care, prognosis, oncogenic drivers, and hypothesized molecular targets for all subgroups of ependymoma are explored. This review emphasizes that despite the varied behavior of the ependymoma subgroups, it remains clear that research must be performed to further elucidate molecular targets for these tumors. Although not all ependymoma subgroups are oncologically aggressive, development of targeted therapies is essential, particularly for cases where surgical resection is not an option without causing significant morbidity. The development of molecular therapies must rely on building upon our current understanding of ependymoma oncogenesis, as well as cultivating transfer of knowledge based on malignancies with similar genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Brian Fabian Saway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | | | - Adriana Olar
- NOMIX Laboratories, Denver, CO 80218, USA
- Correspondence: or
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9
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Metselaar DS, du Chatinier A, Stuiver I, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Radiosensitization in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Targets, Resistance and Developments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662209. [PMID: 33869066 PMCID: PMC8047603 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. These epigenetically dysregulated tumors often harbor mutations in genes encoding histone 3, which contributes to a stem cell-like, therapy-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, pHGG are characterized by a diffuse growth pattern, which, together with their delicate location, makes complete surgical resection often impossible. Radiation therapy (RT) is part of the standard therapy against pHGG and generally the only modality, apart from surgery, to provide symptom relief and a delay in tumor progression. However, as a single treatment modality, RT still offers no chance for a cure. As with most therapeutic approaches, irradiated cancer cells often acquire resistance mechanisms that permit survival or stimulate regrowth after treatment, thereby limiting the efficacy of RT. Various preclinical studies have investigated radiosensitizers in pHGG models, without leading to an improved clinical outcome for these patients. However, our recently improved molecular understanding of pHGG generates new opportunities to (re-)evaluate radiosensitizers in these malignancies. Furthermore, the use of radio-enhancing agents has several benefits in pHGG compared to other cancers, which will be discussed here. This review provides an overview and a critical evaluation of the radiosensitization strategies that have been studied to date in pHGG, thereby providing a framework for improving radiosensitivity of these rapidly fatal brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis S Metselaar
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aimée du Chatinier
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iris Stuiver
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Wang Y, Feng LL, Ji PG, Liu JH, Guo SC, Zhai YL, Sankey EW, Wang Y, Xue YR, Wang N, Lou M, Xu M, Chao M, Gao GD, Qu Y, Gong L, Wang L. Clinical Features and Molecular Markers on Diffuse Midline Gliomas With H3K27M Mutations: A 43 Cases Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602553. [PMID: 33659209 PMCID: PMC7917281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) with H3K27M mutations have been identified as a rare distinctive entity with unique genetic features, varied molecular alterations, and poor prognosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and profile of molecular markers on patients with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations, and explore the impact of this genetic makeup on overall survival. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 43 consecutive patients diagnosed with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations (age range 3 to 75 years) and treated in a tertiary institution within China between January 2017 to December 2019. Various clinical and molecular factors were evaluated to assess their prognostic value in this unique patient cohort. Results The median overall survival (OS) was 12.83 months. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and adjuvant radiotherapy were found to be independent clinical parameters influencing the OS by multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001 respectively). Whereas extent of tumor resection failed to demonstrate statistical significance. For molecular markers, P53 overexpression was identified as a negative prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate analysis (p = 0.030). Conclusion Low preoperative KPS, absence of radiotherapy and P53 overexpression were identified as predictors of a dismal overall survival in patients with DMG and H3K27M mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan-Lan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Gang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shao-Chun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eric W Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Rong Xue
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Dong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Chastkofsky MI, Pituch KC, Katagi H, Zannikou M, Ilut L, Xiao T, Han Y, Sonabend AM, Curiel DT, Bonner ER, Nazarian J, Horbinski CM, James CD, Saratsis AM, Hashizume R, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Successfully Deliver Oncolytic Virotherapy to Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1766-1777. [PMID: 33272983 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is among the deadliest of pediatric brain tumors. Radiotherapy is the standard-of-care treatment for DIPG, but offers only transient relief of symptoms for patients with DIPG without providing significant survival benefit. Oncolytic virotherapy is an anticancer treatment that has been investigated for treating various types of brain tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we have explored the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for oncolytic virus (OV) delivery and evaluated treatment efficacy using preclinical models of DIPG. The survivin promoter drives the conditional replication of OV used in our studies. The efficiency of OV entry into the cells is mediated by fiber modification with seven lysine residues (CRAd.S.pK7). Patients' samples and cell lines were analyzed for the expression of viral entry proteins and survivin. The ability of MSCs to deliver OV to DIPG was studied in the context of a low dose of irradiation. RESULTS Our results show that DIPG cells and tumors exhibit robust expression of cell surface proteins and survivin that enable efficient OV entry and replication in DIPG cells. MSCs loaded with OV disseminate within a tumor and release OV throughout the DIPG brainstem xenografts in mice. Administration of OV-loaded MSCs with radiotherapy to mice bearing brainstem DIPG xenografts results in more prolonged survival relative to that conferred by either therapy alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports OV, CRAd.S.pK7, encapsulated within MSCs as a therapeutic strategy that merits further investigation and potential translation for DIPG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Chastkofsky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiroaki Katagi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liliana Ilut
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erin R Bonner
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Whitehouse JP, Howlett M, Hii H, Mayoh C, Wong M, Barahona P, Ajuyah P, White CL, Buntine MK, Dyke JM, Lee S, Valvi S, Stanley J, Andradas C, Carline B, Kuchibhotla M, Ekert PG, Cowley MJ, Gottardo NG, Endersby R. A Novel Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Radiation-Induced Glioma Following Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102937. [PMID: 33053751 PMCID: PMC7600047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced glioma (RIG) is a highly aggressive brain cancer arising as a consequence of radiation therapy. We report a case of RIG that arose in the brain stem following treatment for paediatric medulloblastoma, and the development and characterisation of a matched orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model (TK-RIG915). Patient and PDX tumours were analysed using DNA methylation profiling, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing. While initially thought to be a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) based on disease location, results from methylation profiling and WGS were not consistent with this diagnosis. Furthermore, clustering analyses based on RNA expression suggested the tumours were distinct from primary DIPG. Additional gene expression analysis demonstrated concordance with a published RIG expression profile. Multiple genetic alterations that enhance PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling were discovered in TK-RIG915 including an activating mutation in PIK3CA, upregulation of PDGFRA and AKT2, inactivating mutations in NF1, and a gain-of-function mutation in PTPN11. Additionally, deletion of CDKN2A/B, increased IDH1 expression, and decreased ARID1A expression were observed. Detection of phosphorylated S6, 4EBP1 and ERK via immunohistochemistry confirmed PI3K pathway and ERK activation. Here, we report one of the first PDX models for RIG, which recapitulates the patient disease and is molecularly distinct from primary brain stem glioma. Genetic interrogation of this model has enabled the identification of potential therapeutic vulnerabilities in this currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Whitehouse
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Meegan Howlett
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Hilary Hii
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - Marie Wong
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Pamela Ajuyah
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Christine L. White
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia; (C.L.W.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Molly K. Buntine
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia; (C.L.W.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason M. Dyke
- Department of Neuropathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, Australia;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Sharon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Santosh Valvi
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology/Haematology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia Medical School, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Stanley
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Clara Andradas
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Brooke Carline
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
| | - Mani Kuchibhotla
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
| | - Paul G. Ekert
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J. Cowley
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia; (C.M.); (M.W.); (P.B.); (P.A.); (P.G.E.); (M.J.C.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology/Haematology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (J.P.W.); (M.H.); (H.H.); (S.V.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (B.C.); (M.K.); (N.G.G.)
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Radio-Resistance and DNA Repair in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102813. [PMID: 33007840 PMCID: PMC7600397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MG) are among the most prevalent and lethal primary intrinsic brain tumors. Although radiotherapy (RT) is the most effective nonsurgical therapy, recurrence is universal. Dysregulated DNA damage response pathway (DDR) signaling, rampant genomic instability, and radio-resistance are among the hallmarks of MGs, with current therapies only offering palliation. A subgroup of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) is characterized by H3K27M mutation, which drives global loss of di- and trimethylation of histone H3K27. Here, we review the most recent literature and discuss the key studies dissecting the molecular biology of H3K27M-mutated gliomas in children. We speculate that the aberrant activation and/or deactivation of some of the key components of DDR may be synthetically lethal to H3K27M mutation and thus can open novel avenues for effective therapeutic interventions for patients suffering from this deadly disease.
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14
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Zheng T, Chen K, Zhang X, Feng H, Shi Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Chen Y. Knockdown of TXNDC9 induces apoptosis and autophagy in glioma and mediates cell differentiation by p53 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18649-18659. [PMID: 32897242 PMCID: PMC7585124 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Because of its high degree of malignancy, the effect of surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy is not ideal. TXNDC9 belongs to thioredoxin domain-containing proteins, which is involved in tumor progression. However, no research associated with TXNDC9 has been reported in glioma. In this study, we found that TXNDC9 was upregulated in glioma. Knockdown of TXNDC9 would prevent proliferation and metastasis, induce the apoptosis rate of glioma cells, and promote the expression Cleaved-caspase3, Cleaved-caspase8, Cleaved-caspase9. Meanwhile, knockdown of TXNDC9 induced autophagy by increasing the level of LC3 and Beclin-1. Cell morphology and expression analysis of GFAP, Vimentin, verified that TXNDC9 could regulate glioma cell differentiation. During this program, the expression of p53 changes dramatically. The apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation program were blocked by p53 inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, the silencing of TXNDC9 induces apoptosis and autophagy in glioma and promotes cell differentiation by controlling p53 and may function as a new mechanism in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Clinical College of Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Clinical College of Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Clinical College of Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Variations in attitudes towards stereotactic biopsy of adult diffuse midline glioma patients: a survey of members of the AANS/CNS Tumor Section. J Neurooncol 2020; 149:161-170. [PMID: 32705457 PMCID: PMC7452882 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diffuse midline gliomas are rare midline CNS malignancies that primarily affect children but can also affect adults. While radiation is standard treatment, prognosis remains fatal. Furthermore, due to its sensitive anatomic location, many physicians have been reluctant to perform biopsies without potential for improved prognosis. However, recent advancements in molecular-targeted therapeutics have encouraged greater tissue sampling. While the literature reflects this progress, the landscape of how clinicians actually manage these patients remains unclear. Our goal was to assess the attitudes of current practicing neurosurgical oncologists towards management of adult diffuse midline gliomas, reasons behind their practices, and factors that might influence these practices. Methods We created and distributed a survey with 16 multiple choice and open-ended questions to members of the Tumor Section of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Results A total of 81 physicians responded to the survey. Although time since training and volume of glioma patients did not significantly affect the decision to consider clinical trials or to offer biopsy, those that operated on fewer gliomas (< 25/year) were more likely to cite surgical morbidity as the primary reason not to biopsy these midline locations. Further, surgeons with access to more advanced molecular testing were significantly more likely to consider clinical trial eligibility when offering biopsies. Conclusion Factors that affect the management of diffuse midline gliomas and the role of biopsy are relatively uniform across the field, however, there were a few notable differences that reflect the changes within the neuro-oncology field in response to clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-020-03585-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Luo Q, Luo H, Fu H, Huang H, Huang H, Luo K, Li C, Hu R, Zheng C, Lan C, Tang Q. [Curcumin suppresses invasiveness and migration of human glioma cells in vitro by inhibiting HDGF/β-catenin complex]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:911-916. [PMID: 31511210 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of curcumin on the invasion and migration of human glioma cells in vitro and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS MTT assay was used for screening the optimal curcumin concentrations. The effects of curcumin on the invasion and metastasis of human glioma cell lines U251 and LN229 were tested using Transwell assay, Boyden assay and wound-healing assays. The expression of the related proteins and their interactions were determined using Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Curcumin at the concentration of 20 μmol/L for 48 h was used as the optimal condition for subsequent cell treatment. In the two glioma cell lines, curcumin significantly suppressed the invasion and migration of the cells (P < 0.05) and lowered the expressions of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), Ncadherin, vimentin, Snail and Slug, but increased the expression of E-cadherin. Interference of HDGF in curcumin-treated glioma cells synergistically inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signals, while overexpression of HDGF significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of curcumin on EMT; curcumin treatment could significantly reduce the binding of HDGF to β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin suppresses EMT signal by reducing HDGF/β-catenin complex and thereby lowers the migration and invasion abilities of human glioma cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Luo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Hongcheng Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Haineng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Huadong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Kunxiang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Rentong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Chuanhua Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Chuanliu Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.,Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
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