1
|
Abdelaziz TA, Mesbah NM, Abo-Elmatty DM, El-Sabbagh FO. Association of paraoxonase-1 (Q192R) gene polymorphism with coronary artery spasm during cardiac catheterisation in Egyptians. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39105458 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2387691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery spasm is among the etiology of myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm (CAS). Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-bound antioxidant enzyme that protects LDL from oxidative modification. Oxidative-stress-related genetic factors and certain polymorphisms in the paraoxonase 1 gene might influence the pathogenesis of CAS. We aimed to investigate the association between PON1 gene polymorphism and its enzymatic activity and coronary artery spasm during cardiac catheterization. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population was 150 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography. Subjects were genotyped to the Q192R polymorphism (rs662) on the PON1 gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and PON1 activity was quantitatively analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that the subjects carrying the RR genotype and R allele were significantly more likely to develop coronary artery spasm (OR=4.2, 2.03, P< 0.006, P˂0.02, respectively). Moreover, serum PON1 levels were significantly decreased (P˂0.001) in the CAS group. RR genotype of PON1 Q192R polymorphism, Tc, LDLc, TG, catheter size, and paroxonase-1 serum level are independent predictors of coronary spasm. CONCLUSION We conclude that the PON1 (rs662) gene polymorphism is associated with CAS during cardiac catheterization in Egyptians. The PON1-192R allele and lower serum enzyme concentration may play an important role in coronary spasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Abdelaziz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo-Elmatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Farah O El-Sabbagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University (Kantra Campus), El-Arish, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tajaddini A, Roshanravan N, Mobasseri M, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Hadi A, Aeinehchi A, Sefid-Mooye Azar P, Ostadrahimi A. The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on glycemia, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:388-398. [PMID: 36580575 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and oxidative status in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 70 patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 35, each) and received 100 mg/day of saffron or placebo for eight weeks. Dietary intake, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, oxidative status, and liver enzymes were determined before and after the intervention. At the end of the eighth week, saffron intervention could significantly reduce FBS (7.57%), lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), atherogenic indices, and liver enzymes (p < .05). Moreover, saffron could improve oxidative status (nitric oxide [NO] and malondialdehyde [MDA] reduced by 26.29% and 16.35%, respectively). Catalase (CAT) concentration remained unchanged. Saffron supplementation may alleviate T2DM by improving glycemic status, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and oxidative status. Further investigation is necessary to assess possible side effects and confirm the positive effect of saffron as a complementary therapy in clinical recommendations for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Tajaddini
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrinology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aydin Aeinehchi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nessler K, Grzybczak R, Nessler M, Zalewski J, Gajos G, Windak A. Associations between myeloperoxidase and paraoxonase-1 and type 2 diabetes in patients with ischemic heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:521. [PMID: 36463116 PMCID: PMC9719221 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phrase "dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein" has been developed in the literature to describe the particle which loses its basic role- anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. In this porcess, the significance of enzymes- pro-oxidant myeloperoxidase (MPO) and antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) from the perspective of HDL-C function has been noted. AIMS The objective of this study was to analyze the associations between two enzymes -MPO and PON-1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS An observational cross-sectional study including 70 patients with IHD of whom 35 had also T2DM, and 35 had no T2DM. Laboratory tests (MPO, PON-1, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were performed. RESULTS The study revealed a significant difference in the serum concentration of the enzymes between patients with IHD with and without T2DM. Our results showed increased MPO concentration levels in diabetic patients. The analysis also revealed that T2DM is independently associated with an increase in MPO levels. Simultaneously, a decrease in PON-1 levels was observed in patients with T2DM. The study also revealed that T2DM is independently associated with a decrease in PON-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes the profile of enzymes involved in high-density lipoprotein metabolism in patients with IHD is worse than in patients without T2DM. The increase in the levels of MPO, an enzyme with oxidative and atherogenic properties and on a decrease in PON-1 levels, an enzyme with antioxidant and atheroprotective properties is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nessler
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 4 Bochenska str, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Grzybczak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka str, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Nessler
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre of Malopolska, Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Os. Zlotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Zalewski
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 80 Pradnicka str, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gajos
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 80 Pradnicka str, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 4 Bochenska str, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dube P, Khalaf FK, DeRiso A, Mohammed CJ, Connolly JA, Battepati D, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Kleinhenz AL, Khatib-Shahidi B, Patel M, Tassavvor I, Gohara AF, Malhotra D, Morgan EE, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardioprotective Role for Paraoxonase-1 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2301. [PMID: 36140402 PMCID: PMC9496500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a hydrolytic enzyme associated with HDL, contributing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. Deficiencies in PON-1 activity result in oxidative stress and detrimental clinical outcomes in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear if a decrease in PON-1 activity is mechanistically linked to adverse cardiovascular events in CKD. We investigated the hypothesis that PON-1 is cardioprotective in a Dahl salt-sensitive model of hypertensive renal disease. Experiments were performed on control Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SSMcwi, hereafter designated SS-WT rats) and mutant PON-1 rats (SS-Pon1em1Mcwi, hereafter designated SS-PON-1 KO rats) generated using CRISPR gene editing technology. Age-matched 10-week-old SS and SS-PON-1 KO male rats were maintained on high-salt diets (8% NaCl) for five weeks to induce hypertensive renal disease. Echocardiography showed that SS-PON-1 KO rats but not SS-WT rats developed compensated left ventricular hypertrophy after only 4 weeks on the high-salt diet. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of genes linked to cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a significant decrease in genes essential to left ventricular function in SS-PON-1 KO rats compared to SS-WT rats. A histological examination also revealed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis and immune cell infiltration in SS-PON-1 KO rats, consistent with their cardiac hypertrophy phenotype. Our data suggest that a loss of PON-1 in the salt-sensitive hypertensive model of CKD leads to increased cardiac inflammation and fibrosis as well as a molecular and functional cardiac phenotype consistent with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Armelle DeRiso
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dhanushya Battepati
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bella Khatib-Shahidi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mitra Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amira F. Gohara
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eric E. Morgan
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bioactive Foods and Medicinal Plants for Cardiovascular Complications of Type II Diabetes: Current Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6681540. [PMID: 34567218 PMCID: PMC8460387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6681540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, not all patients are fully satisfied with the current available treatments. Medicinal plants have been globally investigated regarding their effect in CVD, yet the field is far from getting exhausted. The current paper aims to provide an evidence-based review on the clinically evaluated medicinal plants and their main therapeutic targets for the management of CVD in T2DM. Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 2000 until November 2019, and related clinical studies were included. Lipid metabolism, glycemic status, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and anthropometric parameters are the key points regulated by medicinal plants in T2DM. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are the two most important mechanisms since inflammation and oxidative stress are the first steps triggering a domino of molecular pathological pathways leading to T2DM and, subsequently, CVD. Polyphenols with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, essential oil-derived compounds with vasorelaxant properties, and fibers with demonstrated effects on obesity are the main categories of phytochemicals beneficial for CVD of T2DM. Some medicinal plants such as garlic (Allium sativum) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum) have strong evidences regarding their beneficial effects; however, others have low level of evidence which reveals the need for further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to confirm the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants for the management of CVD in T2DM.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marsillach J, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Papotti B, Zuliani G, Cervellati C. HDL Proteome and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence of a Link. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1224. [PMID: 33287338 PMCID: PMC7761753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of epidemiological evidence link increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This observed relationship might reflect the beneficial effects of HDL on the cardiovascular system, likely due to the implication of vascular dysregulation in AD development. The atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein are mostly due to its proteome. In particular, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, E, and J and the antioxidant accessory protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1), are the main determinants of the biological function of HDL. Intriguingly, these HDL constituent proteins are also present in the brain, either from in situ expression, or derived from the periphery. Growing preclinical evidence suggests that these HDL proteins may prevent the aberrant changes in the brain that characterize AD pathogenesis. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on the role of these atheroprotective HDL-associated proteins in AD pathogenesis and physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosta V, Trentini A, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Sanz JM, Bosi C, Bonaccorsi G, Bellini T, Cervellati C. Sex Difference Impacts on the Relationship between Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080683. [PMID: 32751395 PMCID: PMC7463677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications are related to sex. Increasing evidence suggests that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, an antioxidant enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), is implicated in the onset and clinical progression of T2D. Since we previously showed that PON1 is a sexual dimorphic protein, we now investigated whether sex might impact the relationship between PON1 and this chronic disease. To address this aim, we assessed PON1 activity in the sera of 778 patients, including controls (women, n = 383; men, n = 198) and diabetics (women, n = 79; men = 118). PON1 activity decreased in both women and men with T2D compared with controls (p < 0.05 and p > 0.001, respectively), but the change was 50% larger in the female cohort. In line with this result, the enzyme activity was associated with serum glucose level only in women (r = -0.160, p = 0.002). Notably, only within this gender category, lower PON1 activity was independently associated with increased odds of being diabetic (odds ratio (95% Confidence interval: 2.162 (1.075-5.678)). In conclusion, our study suggests that PON1-deficiency in T2D is a gender-specific phenomenon, with women being more affected than men. This could contribute to the partial loss of female cardiovascular advantage associated with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-532-455322 (A.T.); +39-532-237017 (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-532-455322 (A.T.); +39-532-237017 (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
- Menopause and Osteoporosis Centre, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.R.); (T.B.)
- Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (J.M.S.); (C.B.); (G.B.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Crosstalk Between Adipokines and Paraoxonase 1: A New Potential Axis Linking Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080287. [PMID: 31390816 PMCID: PMC6719214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated protein that endows its carrier with (lipo-)lactonase-dependent antioxidative features. Low levels of PON1 activity have been observed in association with obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Considering the well-recognized atheroprotective role of PON1, exogenous/endogenous factors that might modulate its levels/activity are raising great interest. Since adipokines represent a molecular link between obesity and CVD, we here explored the possible impact of these substances on PON1 activity/expression. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured along with arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities of PON1 in 107 postmenopausal women. Moreover, the direct effect of resistin on PON1 expression was evaluated in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that only resistin was significantly and inversely correlated with PON1-lactonase activities (r = −0.346, p < 0.001) regardless of confounding factors such as age or HDL-cholesterol. It is worth noting that no statistical link was found between adipokine and arylesterase or paraoxonase, the two promiscuous activities of PON1. Notably, resistin down-regulated PON1 expression occurred in hepatocellular carcinoma cultures. Our study suggests that resistin might be a negative modulator of PON1 expression and anti-oxidative activity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chruściel P, Stemplewska P, Stemplewski A, Wattad M, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Maciejewski M, Penson P, Bartlomiejczyk MA, Banach M. Associations between the lipid profile and the development of hypertension in young individuals - the preliminary study. Arch Med Sci 2019; 18:25-35. [PMID: 35154522 PMCID: PMC8826797 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is the leading direct cause of death in the world and one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated blood pressure (BP) often coexists with lipid disorders and is an additional factor that increases CV risk. Nowadays, we are able to distinguish low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) subfractions. Except LDL also HDL small subfractions can increase the risk of CV events. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between changes of lipoprotein subfractions and the risk of hypertension development. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2-year long study 200 volunteers with normal blood pressure at the age of 19-32 years were included. Each volunteer underwent detailed medical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram was taken at rest, echocardiogram, lipid subfraction assessment (using Lipoprint®) and two 24-hour BP measurements. RESULTS Mean total cholesterol concentration was 189 mg/dl (4.89 mmol/l), with mean LDL concentration of 107 mg/dl (2.77 mmol/l), HDL of 63 mg/dl (1.63 mmo/l), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of 40 mg/dl (1.04 mmol/l) and triglycerides (TG) of 89 mg/dl (1.00 mmol/l). Subfractions LDL 1-3 were most abundant, LDL 4-5 making up a marginal portion and LDL 6-7 were not observed. Whereas, subfractions HDL 4-6 were most abundant, in lower concentration was present HDL 1-3 and HDL 8-10. We showed that increased systolic blood pressure coreclated significantly with HDL cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.0078), HDL intermediate subgractions (p = 0.0451), with HDL-3 subfraction (p = 0.0229), and intermediate density lipoprotein-A (IDL-A) (p = 0.038). A significant correlation between increased diastolic blood pressure and HDL lipoprotein levels (p = 0.0454) was only observed. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results indicating correlation between total HDL levels and HDL-3 subfraction concentration (for systolic BP) and the tendency to develop hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chruściel
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Stemplewska
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Stemplewski
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Mohamad Wattad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Bielecka-Dąbrowa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Maciejewski
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcin A. Bartlomiejczyk
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Lipoprotein Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) across Lipoprotein Subclasses in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1752940. [PMID: 30524650 PMCID: PMC6247389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1752940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) may exert an important protective role by preventing the oxidative transformation of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively). The activity of both enzymes is influenced by lipidome and proteome of the lipoprotein carriers. T2DM typically presents significant changes in the molecular composition of the lipoprotein subclasses. Thus, it becomes relevant to understand the interaction of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 with the subspecies of HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins in T2DM. Serum levels of PON1-arylesterase and PON1-lactonase and Lp-PLA2 activities and lipoprotein subclasses were measured in 202 nondiabetic subjects (controls) and 92 T2DM outpatients. Arylesterase, but not lactonase or Lp-PLA2 activities, was inversely associated with TD2M after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and lipoprotein subclasses (odds ratio = 3.389, 95% confidence interval 1.069–14.756). Marked difference between controls and T2DM subjects emerged from the analyses of the associations of the three enzyme activities and lipoprotein subclasses. Arylesterase was independently related with large HDL-C and small intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) in controls while, along with lactonase, it was related with small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C, all IDL-C subspecies, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in T2DM (p < 0.05 for all). Concerning Lp-PLA2, there were significant relationships with small LDL-C, large IDL-C, and VLDL-C only among T2DM subjects. Our study showed that T2DM subjects have lower levels of PON1-arylesterase compared to controls and that T2DM occurrence may coincide with a shift of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 towards the more proatherogenic lipoprotein subclasses. The possibility of a link between the two observed phenomena requires further investigations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cervellati C, Valacchi G, Tisato V, Zuliani G, Marsillach J. Evaluating the link between Paraoxonase-1 levels and Alzheimer's disease development. Minerva Med 2018; 110:238-250. [PMID: 30334443 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
At present, the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains far to be fully deciphered. In the recent years, also the centrality of amyloid-β peptide in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disease has been questioned and other hypotheses have been advanced. Notably, a common denominator of many of these theoretical models is represented by oxidative stress, which is widely proposed to play a role in the disease initiation and/or progression. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that endows its carrier with multiple biological functions, including the ability to contrast oxidative damage to lipid components of lipoproteins and cells and protect from toxicity of specific organophosphorus pesticides. The peculiar multi-functionality nature of PON1 might be the key for explaining the vast epidemiological data showing a close association between low serum PON1 activity and risk of several diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD. In this review, we discuss the possible link between PON1 with AD pathogenesis and we hypothesize eventual mechanistic pathways that could account from epidemiological observations. We also highlight the methodological issue limitation in PON1 studies that still impede to give a definitive and certain picture of its effective biological impact on human health including AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genotype and phenotype of salt-stimulated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is associated with atherogenic indices in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:1-10. [PMID: 30288380 PMCID: PMC6154515 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and lipid abnormalities contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, which is the principal cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data are not available on the potential association between salt-stimulated activity of PON1 (PON1-salt) and the atherogenic indices in T2D, therefore, we focused on these associations and evaluated whether the functional variants PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M influence the associations. Methods Paraoxonase activity (PON1-para), arylesterase activity (PON1-aryl) and salt-stimulated activity (PON1-salt) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated from the log (TG/HDL-C). The genetic analyses were made by the restricted fragment length polymorphism after PCR amplification. Results We observed that PON1-salt was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C (r = −0.441,p = 0.006), LDL-C/HDL-C (r = −0.415, p = 0.011), and AIP (r = −0.422, p = 0.009). Correlations between PON1-salt and all three atherogenic indices were significantly affected by PON1-L55M and PON1-Q192R. Linear regression showed that AIP (p = 0.002), LDL-C/HDL-C (p = 0.005), and TC/HDL-C (p = 0.002) were independently associated with PON1-salt. Based on Ridge regression, the standardized coefficients −0.358, −0.297, and − 0.044 were obtained for AIP, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, respectively, and this shows that AIP could have more negative effect on PON1-salt than the others. Conclusions The decreased PON1-salt may be considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis in T2D, therefore, understanding the associations between PON1-salt as an important although neglected property and atherogenic indices may be valuable in T2D. Accordingly, detection of PON1-salt status (phenotype and genotype) together with the atherogenic indices particularly AIP could be beneficial in identifying the increased atherogenicity in T2D.
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh K, Singh R, Chandra S, Tyagi S. Paraoxonase-1 is a better indicator than HDL of Atherosclerosis - A pilot study in North Indian population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:275-278. [PMID: 29254890 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the levels of HDL and Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and their correlation in atherosclerotic patients with and without diabetic mellitus (DM) as well as in control subjects in Northern Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed lipid profiles and Serum PON1 levels by automated analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Study subjects (N = 150) were divided in three groups; Group I: Atherosclerotic patients without DM (N = 50), Group II: Atherosclerotic patients with DM (N = 50); Group III: Controls (N = 50). RESULTS We found a significantly (p < 0.0001) low levels of HDL-C in Group I (32.2 ± 7.3) and Group II (36.9 ± 11.5) as compared to Group III (41.0 ± 7.1). PON-1 levels were also significantly lower in Group I (60.1 ± 10.5) and Group II (50.0 ± 13.9) when compared to Group III (95.0 ± 12.0). We observed a significant correlation (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) between the levels of PON1 and HDL-C in study subjects. CONCLUSIONS The reduced levels of HDL and PON-1 and their significant correlation in CAD patients may be associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. Considering HDL as a dependent variable, Paraoxonase-1 is the most important parameter contributing to the total variation in HDL in CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Sudhir Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rotimi SO, Adelani IB, Bankole GE, Rotimi OA. Naringin enhances reverse cholesterol transport in high fat/low streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:430-437. [PMID: 29501765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin, a citrus-derived flavonoid with antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties, is reported to be a useful nutraceutical in the management of diabetes and its complications. This study investigated the mechanism of antiatherogenic properties of naringin in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using high fat-low streptozocin rat model of T2DM. Rats were treated daily with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg naringin orally for 21days. Levels of biomarkers of T2DM, lipid profile and activity of paraoxonase (PON) were assayed spectrophotometrically. The levels of expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (Scarb1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), hepatic Lipase (Lipc), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Lcat) were assessed using relative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. Naringin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride from 84.84 ± 1.62 to 55.59 ± 1.50 mg/dL and 123.03 ± 15.11 to 55.00 ± 0.86 mg/dL, respectively, at 200 mg/kg naringin. In the liver, Scarb1 and Ahr were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 200 mg/kg naringin while Lipc and Lcat were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by 50 mg/kg naringin. T2DM-induced decrease in PON activities in the plasma, liver and HDL was significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by 200 mg/kg naringin treatment. These genes play critical roles in reverse cholesterol transport and hence our results showed that the antiatherogenic property of naringin in T2DM involves enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport and PON activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Isaacson Bababode Adelani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Goodness Esther Bankole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ebtehaj S, Gruppen EG, Parvizi M, Tietge UJF, Dullaart RPF. The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is impaired in type 2 diabetes: role of hyperglycemia, paraoxonase-1 and low grade inflammation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:132. [PMID: 29025405 PMCID: PMC5639738 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional properties of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are increasingly recognized to play a physiological role in atheroprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low HDL cholesterol, but the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL, a metric of HDL function, is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the impact of T2DM on the HDL anti-inflammatory capacity, taking paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and low grade inflammation into account. METHODS The HDL anti-inflammatory capacity, determined as the ability to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA expression in endothelial cells in vitro (higher values indicate lower anti-inflammatory capacity), PON-1 (arylesterase) activity, hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and TNF-α were compared in 40 subjects with T2DM (no insulin or statin treatment) and 36 non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS T2DM was associated with impaired HDL anti-inflammatory capacity (3.18 vs 1.05 fold increase in VCAM-1 mRNA expression; P < 0.001), coinciding with decreased HDL cholesterol (P = 0.001), apolipoprotein A-I (P = 0.038) and PON-1 activity (P = 0.023), as well as increased hs-CRP (P = 0.043) and TNF-α (P = 0.005). In all subjects combined, age- and sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that impaired HDL anti-inflammatory capacity was associated with hyperglycemia (β = 0.499, P < 0.001), lower PON-1 activity (β = - 0.192, P = 0.030) and higher hs-CRP (β = 0.220, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The HDL anti-inflammatory capacity is substantially impaired in T2DM, at least partly attributable to the degree of hyperglycemia, decreased PON-1 activity and enhanced low grade chronic inflammation. Decreased anti-inflammatory protection capacity of HDL conceivably contributes to the increased atherosclerosis risk associated with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Ebtehaj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Second and Third Trimester. Obstet Gynecol Int 2016; 2016:3865454. [PMID: 27803713 PMCID: PMC5075618 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3865454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine plasma markers of oxidative stress during the second and third trimester of pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 400 pregnant women, 22 of whom developed GDM. As control group, 30 normal pregnant women were chosen randomly. Plasma samples were analyzed for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) at 16–20 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation. Results. Compared to control subjects, the plasma levels of PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2α were elevated at 16–20 weeks' and 32–36 weeks' gestation in GDM. There was no significant difference in PCO and 8-iso-PGF2α at 24–28 weeks in GDM. GPX-3 was statistically significantly increased at 16–20 weeks and 32–36 weeks in GDM. PON1 reduced in patients with GDM. No significant differences were found at 24–28 and 32–36 weeks between the GDM and control groups. In GDM, PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were higher and GPX-3 and PON1 levels were lower in the second than the third trimester. Conclusion. Oxidation status increased in GDM, especially protein oxidation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Samouilidou E, Kostopoulos V, Liaouri A, Kioussi E, Vassiliou K, Bountou E, Grapsa E. Association of lipid profile with serum PON1 concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1601-1606. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1144031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Kioussi
- Nephrology Department, “Aretaeio” University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eirini Bountou
- Nephrology Department, “Aretaeio” University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Grapsa
- Nephrology Department, “Aretaeio” University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kunutsor SK, Bakker SJ, James RW, Dullaart RP. Serum paraoxonase-1 activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: The PREVEND study and meta-analysis of prospective population studies. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Eroglu E, Kocyigit I, Unal A, Korkar H, Karakukcu C, Orscelik O, Sipahioglu MH, Tokgoz B, Oymak O. Serum paraoxonase activity is associated with epicardial fat tissue in renal transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1409-14. [PMID: 26184836 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in renal transplant recipients. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis by modifying lipoproteins. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) has been proposed as a new cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PON-1 activity and EFT in renal transplant recipients. METHODS Eighty renal transplant recipients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. PON-1 activity was assessed from the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of paraoxon to p-nitrophenol. EFT was measured by echocardiography. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 40.4 ± 12.3 years and mean post transplant follow-up duration was 57.2 ± 46 months. Mean PON-1 activity was 68.5 ± 30 U/L. PON-1 activity was positively correlated with age and body mass index and negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone, dialysis duration and EFT. The mean EFT thickness was 0.64 ± 0.17 cm. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in renal transplant recipients. According to linear regression analysis, PON-1 levels and age were found to be independent predictors of EFT. CONCLUSION Reduced PON-1 activity was negatively associated with EFT and PON-1 activity independently predicts EFT in renal transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eray Eroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Apostolova N, Victor VM. Molecular strategies for targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:686-729. [PMID: 25546574 PMCID: PMC4350006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and specifically its implication in cellular redox/oxidative balance is fundamental in controlling the life and death of cells, and has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial therapeutics, particularly those involving mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, have attracted increasing interest as potentially effective therapies for several human diseases. For the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the development and functional testing of molecules that specifically target mitochondria, and there has been special focus on compounds with antioxidant properties. In this review, we will discuss several such strategies, including molecules conjugated with lipophilic cations (e.g., triphenylphosphonium) or rhodamine, conjugates of plant alkaloids, amino-acid- and peptide-based compounds, and liposomes. This area has several major challenges that need to be confronted. Apart from antioxidants and other redox active molecules, current research aims at developing compounds that are capable of modulating other mitochondria-controlled processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple chemically different molecular strategies have been developed as delivery tools that offer broad opportunities for mitochondrial manipulation. Additional studies, and particularly in vivo approaches under physiologically relevant conditions, are necessary to confirm the clinical usefulness of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I , Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|