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Vaishya R, Misra A, Vaish A, Singh SK. Diabetes and tuberculosis syndemic in India: A narrative review of facts, gaps in care and challenges. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13427. [PMID: 37292055 PMCID: PMC11070841 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are prevalent all across in India. TB-DM comorbidity has emerged as a syndemic and needs more attention in India considering gaps in screening, clinical care, and research. This paper is intended to review published literature on TB and DM in India to understand the burden of the dual epidemic and its trajectory and to obtain perspectives on the gaps, constraints, and challenges in care and treatment of this dual epidemic. A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using the key words 'Tuberculosis' OR 'TB' AND 'Diabetes' OR 'Diabetes Mellitus' AND 'India', focusing on the research published between the year 2000 to 2022. The prevalence of DM is high in patients with TB. Quantitative data on the epidemiological situation of TB/DM in India such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, and management are lacking. During the last 2 years convergence of TB-DM syndemic with the COVID-19 pandemic has increased cases with uncontrolled DM but also made coordinated control of TB-DM operationally difficult and of low effectiveness. Research regarding TB-DM comorbidity is required in the context of epidemiology and management. Detection and bidirectional screening are aggressively warranted. Management of DM in those with TB-DM comorbidity needs more efforts, including training and supervision of frontline workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement SurgeryIndraprastha Apollo HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis‐C‐DOC Centre of Excellence for DiabetesMetabolic Diseases and EndocrinologyNew DelhiIndia
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N‐DOC)New DelhiIndia
- Diabetes Foundation (India) (DFI)New DelhiIndia
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement SurgeryIndraprastha Apollo HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
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Gherbon A, Frandes M, Nicula-Neagu M, Timar R, Timar B. The Implications of the Pandemic with Covid-19 in the Glycemic Control of People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4109-4118. [PMID: 38116018 PMCID: PMC10729828 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 lockdown influenced the glycemic control and other metabolic parameters in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective To study the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Methods Our study group included 120 Romanian people with T2DM from both urban and rural areas. We employed a structured questionnaire with multiple-choice to collect data about DM management during lockdown, the interaction with their diabetologist, the access to treatment, and what other factors influenced their DM management during the lockdown. Results We did not observe an increase of numbers of hyper or hypoglycemia during the restriction period in people with T2DM. The number of glycemic imbalances was higher in people treated with insulin than those with oral antidiabetics (OAD) (p=0.003, X2=8.91). Regarding the causes of imbalances, we did not obtain a significant difference during the restriction period, neither between patients following treatment with insulin nor with OAD. On the contrary, we observed that only 26.7% of people with T2DM managed to maintain their weight or lost weight vs 73.3% patients who gained several extra kg (p<0.001, X2=52.26). Conclusion The findings of this study have demonstrated that in people with T2DM, the COVID-19 lockdown determines better glycemic control among patients treated with OAD compared to those treated with insulin therapy. Anxiety, stress, and emotions were the main reasons that led to the increase in glycemic values of these patients. Also, most patients have gained weight either due to lack of physical activity or due to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gherbon
- Department VII Internal Medicine - Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Frandes
- Department of Functional Sciences - Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Nicula-Neagu
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- Department VII Internal Medicine - Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Department VII Internal Medicine - Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
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Hummel B, Yerkes MA, Harskamp RE, Galenkamp H, Kunst AE, Lok A, van Valkengoed IGM. The COVID-19 pandemic and temporal change in metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A natural experiment within the HELIUS study. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101432. [PMID: 37234865 PMCID: PMC10195766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including the restrictive measures taken to reduce the spread of the virus, negatively affected people's health behavior. We explored whether the pandemic also had an effect on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women and men. We conducted a natural experiment, using data from 6962 participants without CVD at baseline (2011-2015) of six ethnic groups of the HELIUS study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We studied whether participants whose follow-up measurements were taken within the 11 months before the pandemic (control group) differed from those whose measurements were taken taken within 6 months after the first lockdown (exposed group). Using sex-stratified linear regressions with inverse probability weighting, we compared changes in baseline- and follow-up data between the control and exposed group in six metabolic risk factors: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Next, we explored the mediating effect of changes in body-mass index (BMI), alcohol, smoking, depressive symptoms and negative life events at follow-up. We observed less favorable changes in SBP (+1.12mmHg for women, +1.38mmHg for men), DBP (+0.85mmHg, +0.80mmHg) and FPG (only in women, +0.12 mmol/L) over time in the exposed group relative to the control group. Conversely, changes in HbA1c (-0.65 mmol/mol, -0.84 mmol/mol) and eGFR (+1.06 mL/min, +1.04 mL/min) were more favorable in the exposed compared to the control group, respectively. Changes in SBP, DBP, and FPG were partially mediated by changes in behavioral factors, in particular BMI and alcohol consumption. Concluding, the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular behavioral changes associated with restrictive lockdown measures, may have negatively affected several CVD risk factors, in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Hummel
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mara A Yerkes
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584, CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf E Harskamp
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mateo-Gallego R, Gracia-Rubio I, Garza MC, Cebollada A, Pérez-Calahorra S, Bayona-Sánchez A, Bujeda-Hernández C, Jarauta E, Sánchez-Calavera MA, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in diabetes and dyslipidemia management in a Spanish region: a retrospective study of the Aragon population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191026. [PMID: 37484851 PMCID: PMC10359133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has indicated that the COVID-19 outbreak had a negative impact on the diagnosis and management of cardiometabolic diseases. Our aim was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Aragon region of Spain. Methods We conducted an observational retrospective study, which included data from all patients diagnosed with active T2D or dyslipidemia in Aragon during 2019-2021. Data was collected from the BIGAN platform, a big database that includes all healthcare data from the Aragon population. Clinical, biochemical, and pharmacological prescription information was obtained for each patient and for each year. Results Out of the total population of 1,330,000 in the Aragon region, 90,000 subjects were diagnosed with T2D each year, resulting in a prevalence of approximately 7%. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of this disease and a lower incidence during the year 2020. In addition, patients with T2D experienced a deterioration of their glucose profile, which led to an increase in the number of patients requiring pharmacological therapy. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 23.5% in both 2019 and 2020 and increased to 24.5% in 2021. Despite the worsening of the anthropometric profile, the lipid profile improved significantly throughout 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. Moreover, the number of active pharmacological prescriptions increased significantly in 2021. Discussion Our findings suggest that the overload of the health system caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an underdiagnosis of T2D. Moreover, patients with T2D experienced a worsening of their glycemic profile, an increase in their pharmacological requirements, and lower performance of their analytical determinations. Dyslipidemic subjects improved their lipid profile although the value of lipid profile determination decreased between 2020 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Mateo-Gallego
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Carmen Garza
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Cebollada
- Computation Unit, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Pérez-Calahorra
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Bayona-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Estibaliz Jarauta
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Sánchez-Calavera
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud), Barcelona, Spain
- Aragones Health Service, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Akter F, Haq A, Godman B, Chowdhury K, Kumar S, Haque M. Impact of Lockdown Measures on Health Outcomes of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081191. [PMID: 37108025 PMCID: PMC10137871 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown measures appreciably affected patients' lifestyles, negatively impacting on their health. This includes patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Care of these patients was also negatively impacted due to a priority to treat patients with COVID-19, certainly initially, within hospitals and clinics in Bangladesh, combined with a lack of access to clinics and physicians due to lockdown and other measures. This is a concern in Bangladesh with growing rates of T2DM and subsequent complications. Consequently, we sought to critically analyze the situation among patients with T2DM in Bangladesh during the initial stages of the pandemic to address this information gap and provide future direction. Overall, 731 patients were recruited by a simple random sampling method among patients attending hospitals in Bangladesh, with data collected over 3 timescales: before lockdown, during the pandemic, and after lockdown. Data extracted from patients' notes included current prescribed medicines and key parameters, including blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and comorbidities. In addition, the extent of record keeping. The glycemic status of patients deteriorated during lockdown, and comorbidities as well as complications related to T2DM increased during this period. Overall, a significant proportion of key datasets were not recorded in patients' notes by their physician before and during lockdown. This started to change after lockdown measures eased. In conclusion, lockdown measures critically affected the management of patients with T2DM in Bangladesh, building on previous concerns. Extending internet coverage for telemedicine, introduction of structured guidelines, and appreciably increasing data recording during consultations is of the utmost priority to improve the care of T2DM patients in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Haq
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr, b, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar 382422, Gujarat, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Anderson LN, Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Dewart N, Jalil E, Khattar J, De Rubeis V, Carsley S, Griffith LE, Mbuagbaw L. Obesity and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13550. [PMID: 36721999 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children and adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 to November 2021. We included only longitudinal studies with measures from before and during the pandemic that evaluated the change in weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z-scores for children), waist circumference, or the prevalence of obesity. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to obtain pooled estimates of the mean difference in outcomes. Subgroups were evaluated for age groups and diabetes or obesity at baseline. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of 74 studies were included (3,213,776 total participants): 31 studies of children, 41 studies of adults, and 2 studies of children and adults. In children, the pooled mean difference was 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) for weight and 0.13 (95% CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 studies) for BMI z-scores, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% (95% CI 1%, 3%; 12 studies). In adults, the pooled mean difference was 0.93 kg (95% CI 0.54, 1.33; 27 studies) for weight and 0.38 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.21, 0.55; 25 studies) for BMI, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 1% (95% CI 0%, 3%; 11 studies). In children and adults, the pooled mean difference for waist circumference was 1.03 cm (95% CI -0.08, 2.15; 4 studies). There was considerable heterogeneity observed for all outcomes in both children and adults, and the certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE was very low for all outcomes. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, small but potentially clinically significant increases in weight gain, BMI, and increased prevalence of obesity in both children and adults were observed. Increases were greater in children, and targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulika Yoshida-Montezuma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nora Dewart
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ezza Jalil
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayati Khattar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa De Rubeis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Department of Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Miller A, Joseph S, Badran A, Umpaichitra V, Bargman R, Chin VL. Increased Rates of Hospitalized Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Central Brooklyn during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Pediatr 2023; 2023:4580809. [PMID: 37101938 PMCID: PMC10125760 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4580809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Following reports of increased new-onset diabetes and worse severity of DKA for children with diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we studied hospitalization rates for children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in our center during the citywide shutdown. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review of children admitted to our two hospitals from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. We included ICD-10 codes for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), and hyperglycemia only. Results. We included 132 patients with 214 hospitalizations: 157 T1DM, 41 T2DM, and 16 others (14 steroid induced, 2 MODY). Overall admissions rates for patients with all types of diabetes were 3.08% in 2018 to 3.54% in 2019 (p = 0.0120) and 4.73% in 2020 (p = 0.0772). Although there was no increase of T1DM admissions across all 3 years, T2DM admission rates increased from 0.29% to 1.47% (p = 0.0056). Newly diagnosed T1DM rates increased from 0.34% in 2018 to 1.28% (p = 0.002) in 2020, and new-onset T2DM rates also increased from 0.14% in 2018 to 0.9% in 2020 (p = 0.0012). Rates of new-onset diabetes presenting with DKA increased from 0.24% in 2018 to 0.96% in 2020 (p = 0.0014). HHS increased from 0.1% in 2018 to 0.45% in 2020 (p = 0.044). The severity of DKA in newly diagnosed was unaffected (p = 0.1582). Only 3 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR. Conclusion. Our urban medical center is located in Central Brooklyn and serves a majority who are Black. This is the first study investigating pediatric diabetes cases admitted to Brooklyn during the first wave of the pandemic. Despite the overall pediatric admissions declining in 2020 due to the citywide shutdown, overall hospitalization rates in children with T2DM and in new-onset T1DM and T2DM increased, which is not directly associated with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. More studies are needed to elucidate the reason for this observed increase in hospitalization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- New York City/Health+Hospitals Corporation, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Shalu Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- New York City/Health+Hospitals Corporation, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Ahmed Badran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- New York City/Health+Hospitals Corporation, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Vatcharapan Umpaichitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- New York City/Health+Hospitals Corporation, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Renee Bargman
- New York City/Health+Hospitals Corporation, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Vivian L. Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Kristianto H. Analysis of risk factors responsible for neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot during the COVID-19 pandemic. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2023; 28:85-91. [DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_180_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Bakaloudi DR, Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Chourdakis M. Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:3046-3054. [PMID: 34049749 PMCID: PMC8056819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imposed lockdowns in order to control the pandemic, had undoubtedly influenced the lifestyle of millions of people worldwide. The period of confinement, which was characterized by seizing most business activities and allowing only for e-classes at schools and universities, leading also to a lower physical activity, could have affected eating behaviors of people of all ages. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of the first lockdown period (March-May 2020) on body weight (BW) and on body mass index (BMI) in both adults and adolescents (>16 years old). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science® and EMBASE® databases and 36 observational (35 cross-sectional and one cohort) studies were included. BW and BMI changes after/during the lockdown period were examined. BW was stated as increased in a significant part of the individuals (11.1-72.4%), although a range of 7.2-51.4% of individuals reported weight loss. A significant higher BW was observed with a weighted mean between-group difference (WMD) 1.57 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.14) in the post-lockdown period compared to the before lockdown time and higher BMI, 0.31 WMD (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.45) was identified before the lockdown period. At variance with general trends, one study in older adults (>60 years old) notably reported a significant BW loss, suggesting a higher risk for lockdown-induced weight loss and potentially malnutrition in the elderly population. Overall increments in BW are an alarming effect of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to potential higher incidence of overweight, obesity and related health-risks as well as other noncommunicable diseases. Further studies are needed to assess potential group-specific impacts, with particular regard to weight gain in younger people and risk of weight loss, malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Department of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Russian Federation.
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of NCDs, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Shobako N. Lessons from the health policies for children during the pandemic in Japan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1015955. [PMID: 36339184 PMCID: PMC9628751 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is everyone's desire to seek the sound growth of children through food education and there is a critical need for fostering an environment for this purpose. Health policies are important for this support. To the present, the Japanese society has been greatly disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic. "Stay at home", "mokusyoku (silent eating)", and mask wearing were encouraged in nationwide campaigns as public health measures to combat COVID-19. There are some papers reporting negative effects of "stay at home" and lockdowns such as weight gain, decrease in physical activities and change in eating habits. In Japan, while benefits and advantages of food education during mealtime were previously well studied, the "mokusyoku" rule may directly run counter to this food education. Moreover, there are several reports showing that nutrients might contribute to prevention of infectious diseases. Japanese children were also encouraged to wear masks all day long. The results of the clinical research, especially randomized control trials, show limited protective effect of masks. On the other hand, negative outcomes of the masks were reported in various scenes. This review focuses on these topics and arousing reconsideration for a better environment for children.
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Kowsalya A, Chaudhary S, Sen S, Shanmugam M, Narayanamoorthy JK, Jain S, Sundar B. Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus during COVID-19-related lockdown in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3398-3402. [PMID: 36018129 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_558_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a huge impact on the health care system. Diversion of health care workforce toward management of a high number of COVID-19 cases and lockdown restrictions have affected the follow-up of patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this situation on the control of diabetes, eventually resulting in related neuro-ophthalmological complications. Methods This retrospective case series included diabetic patients visiting the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at a tertiary care eye center in India from 25 March 2020 to 25 September 2020 during the lockdown. The incidence of diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmological complications, including third, fourth, sixth nerve palsies and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was evaluated and compared with that of the same period during 2019. Results Overall disease incidence rate was significantly higher in the year 2020 (60.2%) compared to the previous year of 2019 (29.8%). The proportion of third nerve palsy (4.8% vs 16.3%, P < 0.001) and NAION (0.3% vs 14.3%, P < 0.001) had increased. Even though the percentage of sixth nerve palsy was 25% in 2020, this was not significantly different from 2019. There was a reduction in the percentage of fourth nerve palsy cases from the year 2019 to 2020. Conclusion There was a significant increase in diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmic complications during the COVID-19 lockdown. This can possibly be attributed to worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkayasamy Kowsalya
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sameer Chaudhary
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sagnik Sen
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Shreya Jain
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balagiri Sundar
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ayele TA, Shibru H, Mequanent Sisay M, Melese T, Fentie M, Azale T, Belachew T, Shitu K, Alamneh TS. The effect of COVID-19 on poor treatment control among ambulatory Hypertensive and/or Diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266421. [PMID: 35588110 PMCID: PMC9119481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Diabetes and hypertension have emerged as important clinical and public health problems in Ethiopia. The need to have long-term sustainable healthcare services for patients with diabetes and hypertension is essential to enhance good treatment control among those patients and subsequently delay or prevent complications. A collective shift towards acute care for COVID-19 patients combined with different measures to contain the pandemic had disrupted ambulatory care. Hence, it is expected to have a significant impact on treatment control of hypertensive and diabetic patients. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of the pandemic on treatment control and its determinants. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on treatment control of ambulatory Hypertensive and Diabetic patients and identify the factors for poor treatment control in North West Ethiopia.
Methods
A retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey design were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021. Using a stratified systematic random sampling technique, 836 diabetic and/or hypertensive patients were included in the study. Web-based data collection was done using Kobo collect. The changes in the proportion of poor treatment control among ambulatory Hypertensive and/or Diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic period were assessed. A multivariable binary logistic regression mixed model was fitted to identify the determinants of poor treatment control. The odds ratios were reported in both crude and adjusted form, together with their 95% confidence intervals and p-values.
Result
Poor treatment control increased significantly from 24.81% (21.95, 27.92) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to 30.33% (27.01, 33.88), 35.66% (32.26, 39.20), 36.69% (33.40, 40.12), and 34.18% (3102, 37.49) in the first, second, third, and fourth months following the date of the first COVID-19 case detection in Ethiopia, respectively. Marital status (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI; 0.41, 0.74), regimen of medication administration (AOR = 1.30, 95%CI; 1.02, 166), daily (AOR = 0.12, 95%CI; 0.08, 0.20), twice (AOR = 0.42, 95%CI; 0.30. 0.59), and three times (AOR = 0.31, 95%CI; 0.21, 0.47) frequency of medication, number medications taken per day (AOR = 0.79, 95%CI;0.73, 0.87), patients habits like hazardous alcohol use (AOR = 1.29, 95%CI; 1.02, 1.65) and sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 1.72,95%CI;1.46, 2.02), missed appointment during the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 2.09, 95%CI; 1.79, 2.45), and presence of disease related complication (AOR = 1.11, 95%CI; 0.93, 1.34) were significantly associated with poor treatment control among Diabetic and/or hypertensive patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on ambulatory Diabetic and/or Hypertensive patients’ treatment control. Being married, as well as the frequency and types of medicines taken per day were all found to be negatively associated with poor treatment control. During the COVID -19 pandemic, patients’ habits such as hazardous alcohol use and sedentary lifestyle, longer follow-up time, having disease-related complication (s), patients taking injectable medication, number of medications per day, and missed appointments were positively associated with poor treatment control in ambulatory diabetic and hypertensive patients. Therefore, it is better to consider the risk factors of poor treatment control while designing and implementing policies and strategies for chronic disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtewold Shibru
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Malede Mequanent Sisay
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahun Melese
- Health Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkitu Fentie
- Health Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- Health Education & Behavioural Sciences Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kegnie Shitu
- Health Education & Behavioural Sciences Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immune boosting food consumption and overall dietary pattern among selected Indian adults: An observational study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022; 15:101056. [PMID: 35527741 PMCID: PMC9069973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background /Objectives: The rise of the pandemic of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has upset the diet and lifestyle of individuals. This study was designed to highlight the choices of individuals across different ages to quantify food consumption using the Food Consumption Score, to assess changes, if any, that were caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the factors that affected these changes. It also assessed the consumption of immune -boosting foods, including spices and gooseberries, taken as a preventive measure against the virus. Methods An online survey in a questionnaire format was used in this study to collect information from adults aged 18 to 55 (categorized into young and middle-aged adults) across India. The Food Consumption Score, a tool validated by the World Food Programme, was used to assess frequencies of food consumption per food group. Results The study revealed that young adults had higher Food Consumption Scores than their middle-aged counterparts during the two time points, pre COVID-19 (55.25 & 32, p = 0.001) and during COVID-19 (57.25 & 32, p=<0.001). The pandemic also led to a tangible rise in the consumption of various foods known for their immune-boosting abilities such as spices, gooseberries, and Neem. Conclusion The findings of the study indicate an increase in awareness with respect to dietary habits, specifically in terms of consumption of immune boosting foods observed during the COVID-19 pandemic across the age groups.
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14
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Sutkowska E, Marciniak DM, Sutkowska K, Biernat K, Mazurek J, Kuciel N. The impact of lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Endocrine 2022; 76:273-281. [PMID: 35072900 PMCID: PMC8784589 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim the study was to assess the impact of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on diabetes control. METHODS The HbA1c value from a pre-lockdown visit (V1) from patients with diabetes was compared to the lockdown visit one (V2) after 3-5 months of its duration. Additional information on how the HbA1c changed and which variables can modify HbA1c during lockdown was also studied. RESULTS Records from 65 patients (type 2 diabetes -96,9%) were eligible and revealed that: HbA1c was at the target in 60% of the patients at V2 compared to 40% at V1; HbA1c decreased and normalized in 19, but worsened in 4 participants during the lockdown. No impact on HbA1c of: sex, age, diabetes duration, therapy type and modification before the pandemic, abandonment of the treatment, previous problems with glycemic control, or change in body weight and physical activity during the lockdown, was found. The previous macrovascular complications were the only variable that affected the increase in HbA1c (p = 0.0072), OR = 5.33. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has not revealed worsened glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, in general. The patients with macrovascular complications turned out to be at risk of the harmful impact of the restrictions on the HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Sutkowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik M Marciniak
- Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Biernat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mazurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Kuciel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Nakazeko T, Shobako N, Hirano Y, Nakamura F, Honda K. Novel dietary intervention program “COMB meal program” approaching health and presenteeism: Two pilot studies. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Randall T, Mellor C, Wilkinson LL. A Qualitative Study Exploring Management of Food Intake in the United Kingdom During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869510. [PMID: 35572286 PMCID: PMC9093183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted dietary quality through increased emotional eating and extended time spent at home, as well as instances of panic buying due to uncertainty over food availability. We recruited an opportunistic sample of 40 adults living in the United Kingdom (Female = 25; Mean age = 41.9 years) (SD = 14.4) without any prior history of eating disorders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in June 2020 and focused on the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on eating habits and experiences of panic buying. The data were transcribed and organized using the softwares Otter and Quirkos, respectively. Reflexive thematic analysis identified positive and negative changes to eating habits. Overall, themes highlighted that effective organization was vital to manage food purchases and consumption due to a reduced shopping frequency. However, overconsumption frequently occurred due to boredom and ease of accessing energy dense foods, which had negative implications for weight and body image. After indulging, participants attempted to revert to prior eating habits and adhere to a nutritious diet. Many also expressed the importance of having enough food to feed families, which was often reported as a reason for buying extra supplies. Understanding the long-term impacts of changes to eating habits that account for the novel coronavirus context is required to preserve health and prevent unintended changes to weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tennessee Randall
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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17
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Leite NJC, Raimundo AMM, Mendes RDC, Marmeleira JFF. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Life, Physical Exercise, and General Health among Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Interview Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3986. [PMID: 35409672 PMCID: PMC8998106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant alterations to and implications for the lives of millions of people, and especially for those with pre-existing medical conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) throughout the first 9 months of the pandemic, with emphasis on the habits of physical exercise. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. The data consist of telephone interviews of seventeen older people with T2DM (10 women and 7 men, aged 62-76 years). Using thematic analysis, five themes were generated: (1) an altered social and relational life; (2) changes in routine and attitude regarding physical activity behaviour; (3) home-related activities gained relevance; (4) health and well-being impact and management; and (5) thoughts about the post-pandemic period. The increase in the number of cases and the fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 limited the social (i.e., contact with family and/or friends) and functional (i.e., daily routine, the habit of exercising) lives of these people, reverberating negatively on their health and well-being. Feelings of isolation, loneliness, anxiety were common. The findings of this study help to better understand the impact of the pandemic and determine areas of need for future interventions. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to provide support for older people with T2DM and tackle the negative effect of the pandemic, including the reduction in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton João Chantre Leite
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.M.R.); (J.F.F.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Manuel Mendonça Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.M.R.); (J.F.F.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Romeu Duarte Carneiro Mendes
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Northern Region Health Administration, 4000-447 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Francisco Filipe Marmeleira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.M.R.); (J.F.F.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
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Albadr Y, Crowe A, Caccetta R. Teucrium polium: Potential Drug Source for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010128. [PMID: 35053127 PMCID: PMC8772689 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teucrium polium (also known as Golden Germander) is a herb brewed and drunk as a tea by the locals of the Mediterranean region, used mostly to treat a number of illnesses including diabetes. When consumed regularly, the tea can be problematic since some of its ingredients can be toxic or interfere with other medications taken by the patient. Current anti-diabetic medications are not always suitable nor optimal for all patients living with diabetes and therefore new drugs are constantly being sought after which may be more useful and/or present less side effects. Therefore, identifying the specific constituents that give the desired anti-diabetic effect, isolating them and developing them further may provide new useful anti-diabetic drugs. This paper discusses some key compounds found in Golden Germander that might be valuable for developing a new medication for type 2 diabetics whilst outlining some issues with the research conducted thus far. Abstract The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects that affect metabolic pathways which eventually lead to hyperglycaemia. This hyperglycaemia arises from an inability of the insulin-sensitive cells to sufficiently respond to the secreted insulin, which eventually results in the inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Several treatments, utilising a variety of mechanisms, are available for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, more medications are needed to assist with the optimal management of the different stages of the disease in patients of varying ages with the diverse combinations of other medications co-administered. Throughout modern history, some lead constituents from ancient medicinal plants have been investigated extensively and helped in developing synthetic antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin. Teucrium polium L. (Tp) is a herb that has a folk reputation for its antidiabetic potential. Previous studies indicate that Tp extracts significantly decrease blood glucose levels r and induce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vitro. Nonetheless, the constituent/s responsible for this action have not yet been elucidated. The effects appear to be, at least in part, attributable to the presence of selected flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and rutin). This review aims to examine the reported glucose-lowering effect of the herb, with a keen focus on insulin secretion, specifically related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the contribution of the key constituent flavonoids of Tp extracts will also be discussed.
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He Z, Lv Y, Zheng S, Pu Y, Lin Q, Zhou H, Dong M, Wang J, Fan J, Ye Y, Chen H, Qian R, Jin J, Chen Y, Chen G, He G, Cheng S, Hu J, Xiao J, Ma W, Su X, Liu T. Association of COVID-19 Lockdown With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:824245. [PMID: 35432191 PMCID: PMC9005639 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.824245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is still affecting our life, but the effects of lockdown measures on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women remain unclear. AIM To investigate the association between COVID-19 lockdown and GDM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Medical records of 140844 pregnant women during 2015-2020 were extracted from 5 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Pregnant women who underwent the COVID-19 Level I lockdown (1/23 - 2/24/2020) during pregnancy were defined as the exposed group (N=20472) and pregnant women who underwent the same calendar months during 2015-2019 (1/23 - 2/24) were defined as the unexposed group (N=120372). Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential susceptible exposure window of COVID-19 lockdown on GDM. Cumulative exposure is quantitatively estimated by assigning different weights to response periods with different exposure intensities. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between COVID-19 lockdown exposure and GDM. RESULTS The rates of GDM in the exposed and unexposed groups were 15.2% and 12.4%, respectively. The overall analyses showed positive associations (odds ratio, OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.17, 1.27) between lockdown exposure and GDM risk in all pregnant women. More pronounced associations were found in women who underwent the COVID-19 lockdown in their first four months of pregnancy, and the adjusted OR values ranged from 1.24 (95%CI: 1.10, 1.39) in women with 5-8 gestational weeks (GWs) to 1.35 (95%CI: 1.20, 1.52) with < 5 GWs. In addition, we found a positive exposure-response association of cumulative lockdown exposure with the risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 lockdown was associated with an increased risk of GDM, and the first four months of pregnancy may be the window for sensitive exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrong He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Lv
- Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Suijin Zheng
- The Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yudong Pu
- Central Laboratory, Songshan Lake Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, China
| | - Qingmei Lin
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - He Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moran Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Fan
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Radiological Department, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Radiological Department, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Technology Department, Statistical Information Center for Health and Family Planning Bureau of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guimin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouzhen Cheng
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Su
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu, ; Xi Su,
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu, ; Xi Su,
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20
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Abstract
Evidence of changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in food security and nutrition conditions, as well as in different food environments, has called researchers’ attention to substantial changes taking place in individuals’ dietary habits. The aim of this study is to present and address changes that have already happened in food environments, during the first COVID-19 pandemic year, in a middle-income country. Multiple changes were observed and had direct impact on the population, among them, worsened health and nutrition indicators and advanced dietary inequalities, as well as on its food profile in different life cycles, if one takes into consideration aspects such as food availability, financial access and dietary quality.
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Tinajero MG, Malik VS. An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Perspective. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2021; 50:337-355. [PMID: 34399949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health burden associated with immense health care and societal costs, early death, and morbidity. Largely because of epidemiologic changes, including nutrition transitions, urbanization, and sedentary lifestyles, T2D is increasing in every region of the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. This article highlights global trends in T2D and discusses the role of genes, early-life exposures, and lifestyle risk factors in the cause of T2D, with an emphasis on populations in current hotspots of the epidemic. It also considers potential impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and T2D prevention policies and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Tinajero
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with weight gain in certain individuals. This review highlights the risk factors for weight gain during COVID-19 self-quarantine in adults. RECENT FINDINGS Among those who have gained weight during COVID-19 self-quarantine, self-reported body weight has increased between .5 and 1.8 kg (± 2.8 kg) after just 2 months of quarantine. Identified risk factors for weight gain during COVID-19 self-quarantine are the following: increased sedentary behaviors, decreased physical activity, increased snacking frequency (particularly after dinner), increased alcohol intake, decreased water intake, emotional eating, decreased sleep quality, and being overweight/obese. Having identified risk factors for weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic, practitioners and researchers should devise plans to assist those who have gained weight to re-learn weight management/weight loss strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zeigler
- College of Science Engineering and Technology, Grand Canyon University, 19013 W Solano Dr. Litchfield Park, Phoenix, AZ, 85340, USA.
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Tanaka N, Hamamoto Y, Kurotobi Y, Yamasaki Y, Nakatani S, Matsubara M, Haraguchi T, Yamaguchi Y, Izumi K, Fujita Y, Kuwata H, Hyo T, Yamada Y, Kurose T, Seino Y. Lifestyle changes as a result of COVID-19 containment measures: Bodyweight and glycemic control in patients with diabetes in the Japanese declaration of a state of emergency. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1718-1722. [PMID: 33599073 PMCID: PMC8014217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the association between lifestyle changes as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures and changes in metabolic and glycemic status in patients with diabetes, a cross-sectional, single-center, observation study was carried out. A self-reported questionnaire was provided to ascertain the frequency of various lifestyle activities before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures in Japan. Among 463 patients, change in glycated hemoglobin was significantly associated with change in bodyweight. After stratification by age 65 years, binary logistic regression analysis showed that increased frequency of snack eating increased bodyweight (odds ratio 1.709, P = 0.007) and glycated hemoglobin (odds ratio 1.420, P = 0.025) in the younger group, whereas in the older patients, reduced walking activities resulted in weight gain (odds ratio 0.726, P = 0.010). In conclusion, changes in eating behavior and physical activity increased bodyweight and reduced glycemic control among diabetes patients, but by different processes depending on age under the coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaaki Tanaka
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hamamoto
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuri Kurotobi
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Susumu Nakatani
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Miho Matsubara
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takuya Haraguchi
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Kiyohiro Izumi
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwata
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takanori Hyo
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Kurose
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
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24
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Mohan V, Misra A, Bloomgarden Z. Type 2 diabetes in the young in South Asia: Clinical heterogeneity and need for aggressive public health measures. J Diabetes 2021; 13:610-612. [PMID: 33963811 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, National Diabetes and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Zachary Bloomgarden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Abstract
The link between COVID-19 infection and diabetes has been explored in several studies since the start of the pandemic, with associations between comorbid diabetes and poorer prognosis in patients infected with the virus and reports of diabetic ketoacidosis occurring with COVID-19 infection. As such, significant interest has been generated surrounding mechanisms by which the virus may exert effects on the pancreatic β cells. In this review, we consider possible routes by which SARS-CoV-2 may impact β cells. Specifically, we outline data that either support or argue against the idea of direct infection and injury of β cells by SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss β cell damage due to a "bystander" effect in which infection with the virus leads to damage to surrounding tissues that are essential for β cell survival and function, such as the pancreatic microvasculature and exocrine tissue. Studies elucidating the provocation of a cytokine storm following COVID-19 infection and potential impacts of systemic inflammation and increases in insulin resistance on β cells are also reviewed. Finally, we summarize the existing clinical data surrounding diabetes incidence since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ibrahim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gabriela S.F. Monaco
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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26
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Karatas S, Yesim T, Beysel S. Impact of lockdown COVID-19 on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy people. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:424-427. [PMID: 33441263 PMCID: PMC7834877 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of prolonged COVID-19 lockdown on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals has not exactly been known. We aimed to evaluate the change in body weight and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic healthy subjects during the prolonged lockdown period. METHODS Diabetic (n = 85), and age-and sex-matched non-diabetic subjects (n = 55) were included in this prospective study. Body mass index and metabolic parameters were compared between before and 6th months of lockdown. Changes in values were evaluated using the difference before and after lockdown. RESULTS Age (54.81 ± 10.53 vs. 52.61 ± 4.88 years), gender (female, 68.2% vs. 56.4%) and, BMI (33.44 ± 6.48 vs. 31.63 ± 3.57 kg/m2) were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Before and after lockdown, BMI increased both in non-diabetic (0.54 ± 0.95 kg) and diabetic groups (1.91 ± 5.48 kg) (p > 0.05). Increase in HbA1c was more in diabetic than in non-diabetic groups (0.71 ± 1.35 vs. 0.02 ± 0.19%, p = 0.002). Glucose, LDL-C, and TG increased in diabetic (39.69 ± 74.69, 7.60 ± 34.33, and 58.21 ± 133.54 mg/dl, p < 0.05) whereas non significantly decreased in non-diabetic group (-0.51 ± 4.40, -3.52 ± 14.53, and -6.47 ± 41.77 mg/dl, respectively. After adjusting BMI, increase in blood glucose (p = 0.021), HbA1c (p = 0.018), and TG (p = 0.041) levels were more in diabetic than non-diabetic group. Duration of diabetes was an independent predictor of the change in HbA1c (OR: 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Body weight gain was observed in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects. This is the first study to show that prolonged lockdown COVID-19 pandemic worsened glucose regulation and increased TG level in diabetes mellitus independent of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Karatas
- Istanbul Research and Education Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Kasap İlyas Mah, Org. Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman Cd., 34098 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tijen Yesim
- Istanbul Research and Education Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Kasap İlyas Mah, Org. Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman Cd., 34098 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selvihan Beysel
- Afyon Kocatepe University Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Erenler, Gazlıgöl Yolu Rektörlük E Blok, 03200 Afyon,Turkey.
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27
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Hutchison AL, Pillai A. The effect of COVID-19 on liver transplantation: impact, practice patterns, therapeutics, and next steps. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:339-345. [PMID: 33938470 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pandemic on liver transplant candidates, recipients, and donors, and review guidelines and recommendations for integrating COVID-19 therapies into current practice. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 has high morbidity and mortality for transplant candidates; interestingly, posttransplant comorbidities play a larger role than immunosuppression status. COVID-19 therapies and vaccinations are well tolerated in pre and postliver transplant patients with few exceptions, although further research is needed regarding effectiveness in this patient population. Provider practice patterns should evolve to minimize contagion during the current pandemic and prepare for an increase in liver disease due to after-shocks of missed diagnosis and progression of liver disease. SUMMARY COVID-19 has spurred new research and technologies to ensure the safety of liver transplant candidates, recipients, and donors, and most COVID-19 therapies are safe in this patient population. Further work needs to be done regarding the use of COVID-19 positive organs and the efficacy of vaccines in the transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjana Pillai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Pathak SK, Salunke AA, Pandey A, Singh M, Chawla J, Sharma A. Letter to the editor in response to: Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on patients with chronic diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:1057-1058. [PMID: 33814293 PMCID: PMC8005254 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Orthopaedics, MMIMSR, MM Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Abhijeet Ashok Salunke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Apurva Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MMIMSR, MM Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, MMIMSR, MM Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Jasneet Chawla
- Department of Orthopaedics, MMIMSR, MM Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Aryan Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, MMIMSR, MM Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India.
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29
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Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, de Edelenyi FS, Allès B, Andreeva VA, Baudry J, Charreire H, Deschamps V, Egnell M, Fezeu LK, Galan P, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Latino-Martel P, Oppert JM, Péneau S, Verdot C, Hercberg S, Touvier M. Diet and physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (March-May 2020): results from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:924-938. [PMID: 33675635 PMCID: PMC7989637 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading steadily, resulting in overwhelmed health-care systems and numerous deaths worldwide. To counter these outcomes, many countries, including France, put in place strict lockdown measures, requiring the temporary closure of all but essential places and causing an unprecedented disruption of daily life. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to explore potential changes in dietary intake, physical activity, body weight, and food supply during the COVID-19 lockdown and how these differed according to individual characteristics. METHODS The analyses included 37,252 adults from the French web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed lockdown-specific questionnaires in April-May 2020. Nutrition-related changes and their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-status correlates were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Clusters of participants were defined using an ascending hierarchical classification of change profiles derived from multiple correspondence analyses. RESULTS During the lockdown, trends of unfavorable changes were observed: decreased physical activity (reported by 53% of the participants), increased sedentary time (reported by 63%), increased snacking, decreased consumption of fresh food (especially fruit and fish), and increased consumption of sweets, cookies, and cakes. Yet, the opposite trends were also observed: increased home cooking (reported by 40%) and increased physical activity (reported by 19%). Additionally, 35% of the participants gained weight (mean weight gain in these individuals, 1.8 kg ± SD 1.3 kg) and 23% lost weight (2 kg ± SD 1.4 kg weight loss). All of these trends displayed associations with various individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that nutrition-related changes occurred during the lockdown in both unfavorable and favorable directions. The observed unfavorable changes should be considered in the event of a future lockdown, and should also be monitored to prevent an increase in the nutrition-related burden of disease, should these diet/physical activity changes be maintained in the long run. Understanding the favorable changes may help extend them on a broader scale. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Hélène Charreire
- Paris-Est University, Lab'Urba, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Deschamps
- Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), French Public Health Agency, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Manon Egnell
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Leopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Department of Public Health, Paris Seine-Saint-Denis University Hospital System, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Charlotte Verdot
- Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), French Public Health Agency, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Paris Seine-Saint-Denis University Hospital System, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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30
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Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB. Global pandemics interconnected - obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:135-149. [PMID: 33479538 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and impaired metabolic health are established risk factors for the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, otherwise known as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). With the worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), obesity and impaired metabolic health also emerged as important determinants of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, novel findings indicate that specifically visceral obesity and characteristics of impaired metabolic health such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and subclinical inflammation are associated with a high risk of severe COVID-19. In this Review, we highlight how obesity and impaired metabolic health increase complications and mortality in COVID-19. We also summarize the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection for organ function and risk of NCDs. In addition, we discuss data indicating that the COVID-19 pandemic could have serious consequences for the obesity epidemic. As obesity and impaired metabolic health are both accelerators and consequences of severe COVID-19, and might adversely influence the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, we propose strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and impaired metabolic health on a clinical and population level, particularly while the COVID-19 pandemic is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), the Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), the Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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31
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Zach S, Zeev A, Ophir M, Eilat-Adar S. Physical activity, resilience, emotions, moods, and weight control of older adults during the COVID-19 global crisis. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2021; 18:5. [PMID: 33648448 PMCID: PMC7917372 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-021-00258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of the research was to examine the differences between adults in the age group 70+ and two other age groups (45-59 and 60-69), concerning their healthy and active lifestyle. The death toll of the current COVID-19 pandemic is strongly biased toward the elderly. However, some studies of crises suggest that older adults tend to perceive events as less stressful than do younger people. Therefore, we examined healthy behavior in populations at risk according to the age cutoff-points used by the Ministry of Health at the time of vaccination, and divided the participants into three age groups (45-59, 60-69, and 70+) following health organizations' recommendations. METHODS Participants were 1202 people, 381 males and 821 females, aged 45-90. A survey comprised of six parts was used: Demographic background, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short version, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - PANAS, the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, a questionnaire for measuring depressive moods, and questions regarding weight change, based on the Israeli National Health and Nutrition (MABAT) survey. Data were collected in Israel during the first complete lockdown. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail, WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook using a snowball sampling method. RESULTS Resilience and negative feelings and depression symptoms were higher in age group 45-59 compared to 70+ year-old participants, and the depression symptoms score was also higher among participants aged 45-59 compared to ages 60-69. Physical activity was associated with higher resilience, fewer depression symptoms, and fewer negative emotions. Regarding gender and psychological variables, no differences were found. During the time of lockdown, weight change was not prevalent and sleeping hours increased. CONCLUSION In adults at 70+, the physical activity level, physical activity before and during the lockdown, emotions, sleeping hours, and weight change were similar to the other adult groups that were examined (45-59 and 60-69). However, in the older adults groups (70+ and 60-69), resilience and depression symptoms were lower than in the youngest age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Zach
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, 4290200, Netanya, Israel.
| | - Aviva Zeev
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, 4290200, Netanya, Israel
| | - Miki Ophir
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, 4290200, Netanya, Israel
| | - Sigal Eilat-Adar
- The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, 4290200, Netanya, Israel
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Chew HSJ, Lopez V. Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041876. [PMID: 33671943 PMCID: PMC7919006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide an overview of what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on weight and weight-related behaviors. Methods: Systematic scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Results: A total of 19 out of 396 articles were included. All studies were conducted using online self-report surveys. The average age of respondents ranged from 19 to 47 years old, comprised of more females. Almost one-half and one-fifth of the respondents gained and lost weight during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Among articles that examined weight, diet and physical activity changes concurrently, weight gain was reported alongside a 36.3% to 59.6% increase in total food consumption and a 67.4% to 61.4% decrease in physical activities. Weight gain predictors included female sex, middle-age, increased appetite, snacking after dinner, less physical exercise, sedentary behaviors of ≥6 h/day, low water consumption and less sleep at night. Included articles did not illustrate significant associations between alcohol consumption, screen time, education, place of living and employment status, although sedentary behaviors, including screen time, did increase significantly. Conclusions: Examining behavioral differences alone is insufficient in predicting weight status. Future research could examine differences in personality and coping mechanisms to design more personalized and effective weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Violeta Lopez
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan 442000, China;
- School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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"Stay-at-Home" Lifestyle Effect on Weight Gain during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041813. [PMID: 33673375 PMCID: PMC7918476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In February 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-COV2) broke out in Wuhan city of China. The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement. This study comprised a structured, online questionnaire, based on 40 items inquiring about socio-demographic information and anthropometric data (reporting weight and height), as well as changes in food intake, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 outbreak. Questionnaires were distributed to residents of Jiangsu and other provinces from 29 March to 5 April. A total of 889 respondents were included, aged between 16 and 70 years (61% females). There was a significant increase in total food intake by 9.8% and a slight increase by 29.2% of respondents, and a significant decrease in physical activity by 31.5% and a slight decrease by 23.4% of respondents, especially in snacks and drinks, and outdoor activities. The rate of weight gain in the total population was 30.6% and the average weight gain was 0.5 ± 2.8 kg. The main factors contributing to weight gain were increased food intake and reduced physical activity. Additionally, normal-weight people were more likely to gain weight than people with overweight/obesity during the COVID-19 confinement. This study provided a good warning and educational reference value on lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 confinement.
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Prabhu Navis J, Leelarathna L, Mubita W, Urwin A, Rutter MK, Schofield J, Thabit H. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on flash and real-time glucose sensor users with type 1 diabetes in England. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:231-237. [PMID: 33067723 PMCID: PMC7567414 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face the daily task of implementing self-management strategies to achieve their glycaemic goals. The UK COVID-19 lockdown has had an impact on day-to-day behaviour, which may affect diabetes self-management and outcomes. We assessed whether sensor-based outcomes pre- and during lockdown periods were different in a cohort of glucose sensor users with T1D. METHODS Data were collected from Freestyle Libre (FSL) or Dexcom G6 sensor users who remotely shared their data with the diabetes clinic web platform. Sensor metrics according to international consensus were analysed and compared between pre-lockdown period and 2 and 3 weeks into lockdown (periods 1 and 2). RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-nine T1D patients (baseline HbA1c 57 ± 14 mmol/mol) were identified as FSL (n = 190) or Dexcom G6 (n = 79) users. In patients with sensor use > 70% (N = 223), compared to pre-lockdown period percentage TIR 3.9-10 mM (TIR) significantly increased during period 1 (59.6 ± 18.2 vs. 57.5 ± 17.2%, p = 0.002) and period 2 (59.3 ± 18.3 vs. 57.5 ± 17.2%, p = 0.035). The proportion of patients achieving TIR ≥ 70% increased from 23.3% pre-lockdown to 27.8% in period 1 and 30.5% in period 2. A higher proportion also achieved the recommended time below and above range, and coefficient of variation in periods 1 and 2. Dexcom G6 users had significantly lower % time below range (< 3.9 mM) compared to FSL users during both lockdown periods (period 1: Dexcom G6 vs. FSL: 1.8% vs. 4%; period 2: 1.4% vs. 4%, p < 0.005 for both periods). CONCLUSION Sensor-based glycaemic outcomes in people with T1D in the current cohort improved during COVID-19 lockdown, which may be associated with positive changes in self-management strategies. Further work is required to evaluate long-term sustainability and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Prabhu Navis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lalantha Leelarathna
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester,, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Womba Mubita
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrea Urwin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester,, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jonathan Schofield
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Hood Thabit
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester,, M13 9WL, UK.
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Shawahna R, Batta A, Asa'ad M, Jomaah M, Abdelhaq I. Exercise as a complementary medicine intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with narrative and qualitative synthesis of evidence. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:273-286. [PMID: 33482523 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health issue. This systematic review aimed to narrate and qualitatively synthesize evidence and recommendations of physical activity/exercise for patients with T2DM. METHODS The databases Medline through Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to February 08, 2020 using MeSH terms related to "diabetes mellitus" and "physical activity/exercise". Studies were included if they reported on the roles of physical activity/exercise in managing patients with T2DM or effects of physical activity/exercise on glycemic control. Documents identified through the search were analyzed and evidence and recommendations were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS Data were extracted from 16 original articles and 11 systematic reviews with meta-analyses. A qualitative summary of evidence included general items (n = 6) and recommendations for physical activity/exercise (n = 12). Physical activity/exercise can reduce incidence of T2DM, hyperinsulinemia, fasting plasma/blood glucose, HbA1c, body fats, cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiovascular risk, and dosage of antidiabetic medications. Physical activity/exercise can improve sensitivity to insulin, muscle strength, oxygen consumption, aerobic capacity, and mental health of patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing interest in incorporating physical activity/exercise in the management of T2DM and improving healthcare delivery, there are still limited clear instructions and guidelines for both the patient and the healthcare provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahmad Batta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Asa'ad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Marwan Jomaah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Imad Abdelhaq
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Teachers' Training, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Ghosh A, Anjana RM, Shanthi Rani CS, Jeba Rani S, Gupta R, Jha A, Gupta V, Kuchay MS, Luthra A, Durrani S, Dutta K, Tyagi K, Unnikrishnan R, Srivastava BK, Ramu M, Sastry NG, Gupta PK, Umasankari G, Jayashri R, Mohan V, Misra A. Glycemic parameters in patients with new-onset diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic are more severe than in patients with new-onset diabetes before the pandemic: NOD COVID India Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:215-220. [PMID: 33450530 PMCID: PMC7771314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is not known if new onset diabetes during Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19; NOD COVID) is phenotypically or biochemically different than new onset diabetes before COVID-19 (NOD). METHODS All adults diagnosed with new onset diabetes from during the time of COVID-19 were compared with new onset diabetes prior to COVID-19 from two tertiary care hospitals in Chennai and Delhi. RTPCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus was done as appropriate, and COVID-19 antibody test was done in all other NOD COVID patients. RESULT A total of 555 patients with new onset diabetes were included in the study (282 NOD and 273 NOD COVID patients). Patients with NOD COVID had higher fasting and post prandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels vs. NOD patients. Both the groups had high average body mass index; ∼28 kg/m2. Interestingly, fasting C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the NOD COVID group vs. NOD group. There was no difference in C-peptide levels or glycemic parameters between the COVID-19 antibody positive and negative NOD COVID cases. CONCLUSION Individuals who were diagnosed with diabetes during COVID-19 epidemic (NOD COVID) do not significantly differ from those diagnosed before COVID-19 in symptomatology, phenotype, and C-peptide levels but they had more severe glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerta Ghosh
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - Saravanan Jeba Rani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ritesh Gupta
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Jha
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vimal Gupta
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atul Luthra
- Fortis CDOC Center for Diabetes, Fortis Memorial Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Suhail Durrani
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Koel Dutta
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Tyagi
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - Muthu Ramu
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - Prasanna Kumar Gupta
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ganesan Umasankari
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Centre for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India.
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Studies of Physical Activity and COVID-19 During the Pandemic: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1275-1284. [PMID: 33152693 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aimed to identify the available evidence related to physical activity (PA) and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A search in 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) was conducted on July 23, 2020. Medical subject headings and keywords related to PA and COVID-19 were combined to conduct the online search, which covered the period from January to July 2020. RESULTS Overall, 1784 articles were retrieved. After duplicate removal and title, abstract, and full-text screening, 41 articles were included. Most of the included studies were quantitative and collected data through online interviews/questionnaires, with sample sizes larger than 100 and composed by adults and older adults. Changes in PA levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic were the most assessed outcome, followed by the association between mental health issues and PA. Only 2 studies assessed the direct effects of PA on COVID-19. CONCLUSION Most of the evidence identified a decrease in PA levels due to social distancing measures and that PA might help to decrease the mental health burden related to the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Unnikrishnan R, Misra A. Infections and diabetes: Risks and mitigation with reference to India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1889-1894. [PMID: 33002780 PMCID: PMC7505871 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The link between diabetes and increased risk of infectious disease has long been recognized, but has re-entered sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed for articles in English on diabetes and infection. RESULTS Diabetes predisposes to infections through alterations in innate and acquired immune defenses. Outcomes of infection are worse in people with uncontrolled diabetes, and infection can worsen hyperglycemia in hitherto well controlled diabetes (bidirectional relationship). Diabetes does not increase the risk of infection with COVID-19 per se, but predisposes to severe disease and poor outcomes. COVID-19 has also been linked to deterioration of glycemic control as well as new-onset diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians caring for people with diabetes should be aware of the increased risk of infections in this population, as well as the possibility of worsening hyperglycemia. A holistic approach with frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels and appropriate titration of medications, along with close attention to nutritional status, is essential to ensure the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Center for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
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Singh AK, Misra A. Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1625-1630. [PMID: 32891011 PMCID: PMC7451213 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Presence of comorbidities in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been associated with increased in-hospital complications and mortality. Intriguingly, several developed countries with a higher quality of life have relatively higher mortality with COVID-19, compared to the middle- or low-income countries. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have shown a higher predilection to contract COVID-19, with heightened mortality. We sought to review the available literature with regards to impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on the health and economics, especially in context to the developing countries including India. METHODS A Boolean search was carried out in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords, to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS All available evidence consistently suggests that presence of comorbidities is associated with a poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes prevalence is highest in Indian COVID-19 patients, compared to other countries. Majority of the patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic ranging from 26 to 76%. CONCLUSIONS Universal masking is the need of hour during unlock period. Low-income countries such as India, Brazil and Africa with less resources and an average socio-economic background, must adopt a strict policy for an affordable testing programs to trace, test, identify and home quarantine of asymptomatic cases. Despite the huge number of COVID-19 patients, India still has low volume research at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease and Endocrinology, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India
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Gupta R, Misra A. Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1777-1781. [PMID: 32942253 PMCID: PMC7477599 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is recognized as an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19 and a large amount of literature has become available regarding this. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding various aspects of association between diabetes and COVID-19 and to highlight clinically relevant points with focus on India. METHODS We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar databases for articles regarding diabetes and COVID-19 published between March 19, 2020 and August 30, 2020. RESULTS Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Several clinical scenarios about hyperglycemia and COVID-19 are identified and each of these needs specific management strategies. CONCLUSION It is prudent to maintain good glycemic control in patients with diabetes in order to minimize the complications of COVID-19. There is a need for well conducted studies to asses the role of individual antihyperglycemic therapies in COVID-19 and also the behavior of new onset diabetes diagnosed either after COVID-19 infection or during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Gupta
- Fortis CDOC Hospital, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Hospital, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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41
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Misra A. Balanced nutrition is needed in times of COVID19 epidemic in India: A call for action for all nutritionists and physicians. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1747-1750. [PMID: 32927405 PMCID: PMC7451051 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Scutelnic A, Heldner MR. Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors-Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2020; 22:40. [PMID: 33046957 PMCID: PMC7541756 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To elucidate the intertwining of vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors and COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS Strokes are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Vascular risk factors are important drivers of strokes. There are unmodifiable vascular risk factors such as age and ethnicity and modifiable vascular risk factors. According to the INTERSTROKE study, the 10 most frequent modifiable vascular risk factors are arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, dyslipidaemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol. Also, infection and inflammation have been shown to increase the risk of stroke. There is high-quality evidence for the clinical benefits of optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new perspective to this field. Vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors-and COVID-19-are strongly intertwined. An increased risk of vascular events-by multifactorial mechanisms-has been observed in COVID-19 patients. Also, a higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and bad outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and vascular risk factors. SUMMARY At present, we suggest that regular interactions between healthcare professionals and patients should include education on COVID-19 and on primary and secondary vascular prevention in order to reduce the burden of disease in our ageing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scutelnic
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R. Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lucini D, Gandolfi CE, Antonucci C, Cavagna A, Valzano E, Botta E, Chiari M, Mameli L, Nahum M, Brambilla MM, Castaldi SI, Biganzoli E. #StayHomeStayFit: UNIMI's approach to online healthy lifestyle promotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020037. [PMID: 32921731 PMCID: PMC7716948 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown imposed radical changes in the lifestyles of the population through isolation measures, with considerable health, social, psychological and economic consequences. Lockdown measures may have exacerbated negative population behaviors regarding exercise and nutrition, with risk of weight gain and obesity, collectively predisposing to increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality. At particular risk of deleterious consequences were patients such as those affected by chronic non communicable diseases (CNCD). The benefits of regular exercise are evident at several levels of CNCD prevention, however, from a public health standpoint, it is important to consider they are also related to improved stress management, work/academic performance, and reduced illegal behavior, isolation and depression. Therefore, during enforced isolation, a primary goal for all individuals is to maintain energy balance. During lockdown, several lifestyle interventions were posted online, with the internet playing a major role in exercise and fitness promotion. Among these one must recognize the ambitious "#StayHomeStayFit" project by the University of Milan, providing useful general information and trustworthy advice regarding nutrition, physical activity, and psychological support, for the general population in a time of need. Data showed a total of 21224 views on various social media and webpages during the reference period, with a mean time of 4' 17'' spent per page/video. Given the health risks associated with population physical inactivity and unhealthy lifestyle, policymakers should evaluate the benefits of projects such as #StayHomeStayFit and consider how to maximize population perception and reach. After all, additional COVID-19 lockdowns might be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Clara Antonucci
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Cavagna
- 1°level Institutional Communications Unit, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Esther Valzano
- Internal Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Botta
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Chiari
- Internal Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mameli
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Nahum
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Marzia Brambilla
- Department of Language Mediation Sciences and Intercultural Studies, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elia Biganzoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.
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Chand R, Asmil SH, Chico M. Letter to the Editor in response to the article: "Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: A cohort analysis" (Ghoshal et al.). Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1305. [PMID: 32755826 PMCID: PMC7354769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Chand
- Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Sadiyah H Asmil
- Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Melaka, 75150, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Chico
- Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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Ghoshal S. Reply to Chand et al. regarding letter to the Editor regarding the article: 'Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: A cohort analysis (Ghoshal et al.)'. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1541. [PMID: 32947752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aravind S, Saboo B, Misra A. Strict glycemic control is needed in times of COVID19 epidemic in India: A Call for action for all physicians. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1579-1581. [PMID: 32947758 PMCID: PMC7416708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mukherjee S, Banerjee O, Singh S, Maji BK. COVID 19 could trigger global diabetes burden - A hypothesis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:963-964. [PMID: 32604015 PMCID: PMC7319643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, 712201, India.
| | - Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, 712201, India
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, 712201, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, 712201, India
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Caballero AE, Ceriello A, Misra A, Aschner P, McDonnell ME, Hassanein M, Ji L, Mbanya JC, Fonseca VA. COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107671. [PMID: 32651031 PMCID: PMC7336933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has added an enormous toll to the existing challenge of diabetes care world-wide. A large proportion of patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and/or succumbing to the disease have had diabetes and other chronic conditions as underlying risk factors. In particular, individuals belonging to racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. and other countries have been significantly and disproportionately impacted. Multiple and complex socioeconomic factors have long played a role in increasing the risk for diabetes and now for COVID-19. Since the pandemic began, the global healthcare community has accumulated invaluable clinical experience on providing diabetes care in the setting of COVID-19. In addition, understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that link these two diseases is being developed. The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. Notably, this worldwide experience offers us the possibility to not only prepare better for future disasters but also transform diabetes care beyond the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Caballero
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - A Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease and Endocrinology, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Dheli, India
| | - P Aschner
- San Ignacio University Hospital, Javeriana University School of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M E McDonnell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - M Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Endocrine Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Ji
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J C Mbanya
- Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - V A Fonseca
- Tulane University Medical Center, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, USA
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Jayawardena R, Misra A. Balanced diet is a major casualty in COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1085-1086. [PMID: 32652495 PMCID: PMC7333608 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Ahmed WN, Arun CS, Koshy TG, Nair A, Sankar P, Rasheed SA, Ann R. Management of diabetes during fasting and COVID-19 - Challenges and solutions. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3797-3806. [PMID: 33110770 PMCID: PMC7586529 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_845_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fasting is observed as a religious custom in various forms across the globe. Among them, the Ramadan fasting is very common and widely practiced. People with diabetes observe fasting with or without obtaining medical advice. Uncontrolled diabetes appears to be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and its poorer outcomes. Fasting during Ramadan is challenging in people with diabetes. This year, the background of COVID-19 made it difficult for both the patients and health care workers to effectively manage diabetes and its complications during Ramadan. Because of a lack of sufficient evidence, clinicians were perplexed in handling this difficult situation. Materials and Methods: We accessed PubMed, Google Scholar, various guidelines and other evidence-based articles to review the available current literature which deals with diabetes, Ramadan, and COVID-19. Results: The importance of pre-Ramadan assessment, adequate nutrition, and hydration, choosing the right therapy has been emphasized. This review tries to address the common practical challenges and relevant possible solutions for the same. Due consideration has been given to various socio-cultural practices that can influence the management of diabetes patients in the setting of Ramadan and COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Diabetes is associated with increased severity and susceptibility to COVID-19. People with diabetes should go through systemic and structure-based management during fasting. Family physicians who deliver personalized care play a vital role in managing diabetes during this crisis period. Telemedicine is emerging as an effective mode of managing various needs of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem N Ahmed
- Department of Family and Internal Medicine, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Chankramath S Arun
- Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thanuvelil G Koshy
- Department of Medicine, MOSC (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College), Kolencherry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Nair
- Department of Endocrinology, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Prasanth Sankar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Sabeer A Rasheed
- Dr Rasheed's Diabetic Specialty Center, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reeja Ann
- Medical Officer, Govt Taluk Hospital, North Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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