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Fomina P, Femenias A, Tafintseva V, Freitag S, Sulyok M, Aledda M, Kohler A, Krska R, Mizaikoff B. Prediction of Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat via Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 4:895-904. [PMID: 38660051 PMCID: PMC11037394 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The climate crisis further exacerbates the challenges for food production. For instance, the increasingly unpredictable growth of fungal species in the field can lead to an unprecedented high prevalence of several mycotoxins, including the most important toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp., i.e., deoxynivalenol (DON). The presence of DON in crops may cause health problems in the population and livestock. Hence, there is a demand for advanced strategies facilitating the detection of DON contamination in cereal-based products. To address this need, we introduce infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy combined with advanced data modeling routines and optimized sample preparation protocols. In this study, we address the limited exploration of wheat commodities to date via IR-ATR spectroscopy. The focus of this study was optimizing the extraction protocol for wheat by testing various solvents aligned with a greener and more sustainable analytical approach. The employed chemometric method, i.e., sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis, not only facilitated establishing robust classification models capable of discriminating between high vs low DON-contaminated samples adhering to the EU regulatory limit of 1250 μg/kg but also provided valuable insights into the relevant parameters shaping these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Fomina
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Antoni Femenias
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stephan Freitag
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Miriam Aledda
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rudolf Krska
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße 14, 89077 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Cebi N, Bekiroglu H, Erarslan A. Nondestructive Metabolomic Fingerprinting: FTIR, NIR and Raman Spectroscopy in Food Screening. Molecules 2023; 28:7933. [PMID: 38067662 PMCID: PMC10707828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the maintenance of food quality and food safety on the basis of metabolomic fingerprinting using vibrational spectroscopy combined with multivariate chemometrics. Nontargeted spectroscopy techniques such as FTIR, NIR and Raman can provide fingerprint information for metabolomic constituents in agricultural products, natural products and foods in a high-throughput, cost-effective and rapid way. In the current review, we tried to explain the capabilities of FTIR, NIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques combined with multivariate analysis for metabolic fingerprinting and profiling. Previous contributions highlighted the considerable potential of these analytical techniques for the detection and quantification of key constituents, such as aromatic amino acids, peptides, aromatic acids, carotenoids, alcohols, terpenoids and flavonoids in the food matrices. Additionally, promising results were obtained for the identification and characterization of different microorganism species such as fungus, bacterial strains and yeasts using these techniques combined with supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition techniques. In conclusion, this review summarized the cutting-edge applications of FTIR, NIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques equipped with multivariate statistics for food analysis and foodomics in the context of metabolomic fingerprinting and profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cebi
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical-Metallurgical Faculty, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Hatice Bekiroglu
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical-Metallurgical Faculty, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sirnak University, 73300 Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Azime Erarslan
- Bioengineering Department, Chemical-Metallurgical Faculty, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey;
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3
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Marins-Gonçalves L, Martins Ferreira M, Rocha Guidi L, De Souza D. Is chemical analysis suitable for detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs? Talanta 2023; 265:124782. [PMID: 37339540 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the risks of mycotoxins to humans through consuming contaminated foods resulted in specific legislation that evaluates the presence, quantities, and type of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. Thus, to ensure compliance with legislation, food safety and consumer health, the development of suitable analytical procedures for identifying and quantifying mycotoxins in the free or modified form, in low-concentration and in complex samples is necessary. This review reports the application of the modern chemical methods of analysis employed in mycotoxin detection in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. It is reported extraction methods with reasonable accuracy and those present characteristics according to guidelines of Green Analytical Chemistry. Recent trends in mycotoxins detection using analytical techniques are presented and discussed, evaluating the robustness, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity in the detection of different classes of mycotoxins. Sensitivity coming from modern chromatographic techniques allows the detection of very low concentrations of mycotoxins in complex samples. However, it is essential the development of more green, fast and more suitable accuracy extraction methods for mycotoxins, which agricultural commodities producers could use. Despite the high number of research reporting the use of chemically modified voltammetric sensors, mycotoxins detection still has limitations due to the low selectivity from similar chemical structures of mycotoxins. Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques are rarely employed due to the limited number of reference standards for calibration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorranne Marins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Guidi
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil.
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4
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Freitag S, Sulyok M, Logan N, Elliott CT, Krska R. The potential and applicability of infrared spectroscopic methods for the rapid screening and routine analysis of mycotoxins in food crops. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5199-5224. [PMID: 36215130 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to analyze food crops for quality and safety purposes in a rapid, nondestructive, and eco-friendly manner. The lack of sensitivity and the overlapping absorption characteristics of major sample matrix components, however, often prevent the direct determination of food contaminants at trace levels. By measuring fungal-induced matrix changes with near IR and mid IR spectroscopy as well as hyperspectral imaging, the indirect determination of mycotoxins in food crops has been realized. Recent studies underline that such IR spectroscopic platforms have great potential for the rapid analysis of mycotoxins along the food and feed supply chain. However, there are no published reports on the validation of IR methods according to official regulations, and those publications that demonstrate their applicability in a routine analytical set-up are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the current state-of-the-art and the potential of IR spectroscopic methods for the rapid determination of mycotoxins in food crops. The study critically reflects on the applicability and limitations of IR spectroscopy in routine analysis and provides guidance to non-spectroscopists from the food and feed sector considering implementation of IR spectroscopy for rapid mycotoxin screening. Finally, an outlook on trends, possible fields of applications, and different ways of implementation in the food and feed safety area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Freitag
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln, Austria
| | - Natasha Logan
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln, Austria.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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5
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Li FL, Xie J, Wang S, Wang Y, Xu CH. Direct qualitative and quantitative determination methodology for massive screening of DON in wheat flour based on multi-molecular infrared spectroscopy (MM-IR) with 2T-2DCOS. Talanta 2021; 234:122653. [PMID: 34364462 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in wheat flour induces a number of adverse health effects to consumers and livestock, even at very low concentrations. Direct detection methods for massive screening of DON in wheat flour is still lacking. A new methodology integrating multi-molecular infrared spectroscopy (MM-IR) with two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2T-2DCOS) was developed for in-situ qualitative and quantitative determination of DON in wheat flour as a whole. Typical spectral variation of wheat flour samples with diverse concentration of DON were stepwise characterized by MM-IR and tiny spectral profile differences resulting from concentration variation of DON were visually disclosed by 2T-2DCOS. Based on the obtained key spectral features of DON, 180 of wheat flour samples with DON higher and lower than 1.00 mg/kg were undoubtedly classified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) with an accuracy rate up to 100% (for Second derivative spectra consisted of selected bands, SD-SS). Furthermore, a robust quantitative prediction model was established based on partial least squares (PLS) of SD-SS (Rc: 0.998, RMSEC: 0.135; Rp: 0.968, RMSEP: 0.421), and its excellent predictive capacity of model was validated by both residual prediction deviation (RPD) value of 3.2 and t-test. It was demonstrated that the developed methodology was applicable for screening and quantitative detection of DON in wheat flour based on the novel correlation analysis methods (SD-2DCOS-IR and 2T-2DCOS-IR) with chemometrics tools, which could be utilized both at laboratory and industrial level for quality control purposes of a large wheat flour sample set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Li Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Qinpu Biotechnology Pte Ltd, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Qinpu Biotechnology Pte Ltd, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Qinpu Biotechnology Pte Ltd, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Chang-Hua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai, 201306, China.
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6
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Oyedeji AB, Green E, Adebiyi JA, Ogundele OM, Gbashi S, Adefisoye MA, Oyeyinka SA, Adebo OA. Metabolomic approaches for the determination of metabolites from pathogenic microorganisms: A review. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110042. [PMID: 33648268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a high precision analytical approach to obtaining detailed information of varieties of metabolites produced in biological systems, including foods. This study reviews the use of metabolomic approaches such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), matrix assisted laser desorption /ionization tandem time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for investigating the presence of foodborne pathogens and their metabolites. Pathogenic fungi and their notable metabolites (mycotoxins) have been studied more extensively using metabolomics as compared to bacteria, necessitating further studies in this regard. Nevertheless, such identified fungal and bacteria metabolites could be used as biomarkers for a more rapid detection of these pathogens in food. Other important compounds detected through metabolomics could also be correlated to functionality of these pathogenic strains, determined by the composition of the foods in which they exist, thereby providing insights into their metabolism. Considering the prevalence of these food pathogens, metabolomics still has potentials in the determination of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms especially for the determination of pathogenic bacteria toxins and is expected to generate research interests for further studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola Bamikole Oyedeji
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa.
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebiyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Opeolu Mayowa Ogundele
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Sefater Gbashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Martins Ajibade Adefisoye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Samson Adeoye Oyeyinka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, P. O. Box 17011, Gauteng 2028, South Africa.
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7
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Degradation of Deoxynivalenol by Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma and Sequential Treatments with Heat and UV Light. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Da Costa JP, Nunes AR, Santos PSM, Girão AV, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Degradation of polyethylene microplastics in seawater: Insights into the environmental degradation of polymers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:866-875. [PMID: 29624466 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1455381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination of aquatic environments has become an increasingly alarming problem. These, defined as particles <5 mm, are mostly formed due to the cracking and embrittlement of larger plastic particles. Recent reports show that the increasing presence of microplastics in the environment could have significant deleterious consequences over the health of marine organisms, but also across the food chain. Herein, we have studied the effects of artificial seawater on polyethylene (PE)-based beads by exposing them up to eight weeks to saltwater in stirred batch reactors in the dark and examined the structural and morphological changes these endured. Electron microscopy observations showed that artificial seawater induces severe microcracking of the pellets' surfaces. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses evidenced the formation of oxidized groups whenever these particles were exposed to water and an increase in organic matter content of the waters in which the pellets were kept was evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. There were also noticeable consequences in the thermal stability of the polyethylene pellets, as determined by thermogravimetric studies (TGA). Furthermore, the parallel exposure of polyethylene pellets to UV radiation yielded less pronounced effects, thus underscoring its lower preponderance in the degradation of this material. These results highlight the importance of determining the mechanisms of degradation of microplastics in marine settings and what the implications may be for the environment. Overall, the herein presented results show that a relatively short period of time of accelerated exposure can yield quantifiable chemical and physical impacts on the structural and morphological characteristics of PE pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Da Costa
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
- b CESAM, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Ana R Nunes
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Patrícia S M Santos
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
- b CESAM, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Ana V Girão
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
- c CICECO, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
- b CESAM, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
- b CESAM, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, Aveiro , Portugal
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