1
|
MacLennan SA, Marra MA. Oncogenic Viruses and the Epigenome: How Viruses Hijack Epigenetic Mechanisms to Drive Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119543. [PMID: 37298494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral infections substantially contribute to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses are taxonomically heterogeneous and drive cancers using diverse strategies, including epigenomic dysregulation. Here, we discuss how oncogenic viruses disrupt epigenetic homeostasis to drive cancer and focus on how virally mediated dysregulation of host and viral epigenomes impacts the hallmarks of cancer. To illustrate the relationship between epigenetics and viral life cycles, we describe how epigenetic changes facilitate the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle and how changes to this process can spur malignancy. We also highlight the clinical impact of virally mediated epigenetic changes on cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe A MacLennan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao MH, Liu W, Li P, Liu L, Zhang X, Luo B. Sequence analysis of Epstein-Barr virus RPMS1 gene in malignant hematopathy of Northern China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28238. [PMID: 36258294 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The RPMS1 gene is the only member of the BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BARTs) family for which a full-length complementary DNA has been identified, and RPMS1 transcript has been confirmed in many Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive malignancies. However, the effects of sequence variations of RPMS1 in hematological malignancies and their biological significance are unclear. To explore the association between RPMS1 gene variations and hematological malignancy, the RPMS1 gene of 391 EBV-positive samples from patients with EBV-positive leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoma in northern China were sequenced. On the basis of phylogenetic tree and mutation characteristics of RPMS1, all the sequences were divided into five major types: RPMS1-A, RPMS1-B, RPMS1-C, RPMS1-E, and RPMS1-F. RPMS1-A type, similar to the prototype B95-8, was identified in 71.87% (281/391) of samples and was the major type in all subpopulations. The frequency of RPMS1-F type was significantly higher in all malignant hematopathy groups than in healthy donors. The Hodgkin lymphoma group contained more RPMS1-F than other malignant hematopathy groups, and acute myeloid leukemia contained more RPMS1-C type than other malignant hematopathy groups. Therefore, RPMS1-A is the main type of RPMS1 gene in northern China, and RPMS1-F may be associated with hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-He Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Qingdao Commercial Staff Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
High plasma EBV-DNA load and positive EBER status associated with viral recurrence and persistent infection in early treatment of lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00900-6. [PMID: 36168074 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between plasma EBV-DNA load (PEDL) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) during the early treatment of lymphoma remains unclear. We explored discrepancies in PEDL and variables associated with EBER and evaluated the consistency between EBER and qualitative analysis of PEDL (qPEDL). Serial measurements of PEDL were performed to determine the dynamic changes of PEDL in early treatment of lymphoma. As a result, the median PEDL of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma NKT cell subtype (NHL-NKT) was higher than that of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma B cell subtype (NHL-B), the median PEDL of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) was higher than that of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the median PEDL of EBER positive was higher than that of EBER negative. Age, Ki-67 ≧ 80%, Bcl-2 ≧ 80%, p53, and qPEDL were related to EBER. The PEDL could distinguish NHL-B, DLBCL, NHL-NKT, and ENKTCL from other lymphoma subtypes. EBER-positive patients spent more time with viral "turn negative (TN)" and "continuous positive (CP)" and less time with viral "continuous negative (CN)." The median PEDL of CP was higher than that of TN. In conclusion, although EBER affects the levels of PEDL in general, it has poor concordance with qPEDL. Our results show, for the first time, that high PEDL and positive EBER present a strong association with viral recurrence and persistent infection in the early treatment of lymphoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dragomir MP, Knutsen E, Calin GA. Classical and noncanonical functions of miRNAs in cancers. Trends Genet 2021; 38:379-394. [PMID: 34728089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are causative in the initiation and progression of human cancers. The molecular events responsible for the widespread differential expression of miRNAs in malignancy are exemplified by their location in cancer-associated genomic regions, epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional dysregulation, chemical modifications and editing, and alterations in miRNA biogenesis proteins. The classical miRNA function is synonymous with post-transcriptional repression of target protein genes. However, several studies have reported miRNAs functioning outside this paradigm and some of these novel modes of regulation of gene expression have been implicated in cancers. Here, we summarize key aspects of miRNA involvement in cancer, with a special focus on these lesser-studied mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viral Micro-RNAs Are Detected in the Early Systemic Response to Injury and Are Associated With Outcomes in Polytrauma Patients. Crit Care Med 2021; 50:296-306. [PMID: 34259445 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate early activation of latent viruses in polytrauma patients and consider prognostic value of viral micro-RNAs in these patients. DESIGN This was a subset analysis from a prospectively collected multicenter trauma database. Blood samples were obtained upon admission to the trauma bay (T0), and trauma metrics and recovery data were collected. SETTING Two civilian Level 1 Trauma Centers and one Military Treatment Facility. PATIENTS Adult polytrauma patients with Injury Severity Scores greater than or equal to 16 and available T0 plasma samples were included in this study. Patients with ICU admission greater than 14 days, mechanical ventilation greater than 7 days, or mortality within 28 days were considered to have a complicated recovery. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Polytrauma patients (n = 180) were identified, and complicated recovery was noted in 33%. Plasma samples from T0 underwent reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus micro-RNAs (miR-K12_10b and miRK-12-12) and Epstein-Barr virus-associated micro-RNA (miR-BHRF-1), as well as Luminex multiplex array analysis for established mediators of inflammation. Ninety-eight percent of polytrauma patients were found to have detectable Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus micro-RNAs at T0, whereas healthy controls demonstrated 0% and 100% detection rate for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed associations between viral micro-RNAs and polytrauma patients' age, race, and postinjury complications. Multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis of clinical variables and systemic biomarkers at T0 revealed that interleukin-10 was the strongest predictor of all viral micro-RNAs. Multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis of systemic biomarkers as predictors of complicated recovery at T0 demonstrated that miR-BHRF-1, miR-K12-12, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and hepatocyte growth factor were independent predictors of complicated recovery with a model complicated recovery prediction area under the curve of 0.81. CONCLUSIONS Viral micro-RNAs were detected within hours of injury and correlated with poor outcomes in polytrauma patients. Our findings suggest that transcription of viral micro-RNAs occurs early in the response to trauma and may be associated with the biological processes involved in polytrauma-induced complicated recovery.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gamaleldin MA, Ghallab OM, Nadwan EA, Abo Elwafa RA. PD-1 and PD-L1 gene expressions and their association with Epstein-Barr virus infection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2309-2322. [PMID: 34120295 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) receptor is expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Its ligand, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), is expressed on the surface of dendritic cells or macrophages. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction ensures prevention of autoimmunity by activating the immune system only when needed. In cancers, PD-L1 expressed on the tumour cells binds to PD-1 receptors on the activated T cells, leading to inhibition of the cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is upregulated in EBV infection that is known to worsen the CLL prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to study the association between PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions, EBV status and the CLL prognosis. METHODS AND PATIENTS The study was conducted on 80 newly diagnosed CLL patients and 80 controls. We analyzed PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions and EBV-DNA load by real-time PCR. The cytogenetic abnormalities and expression of ZAP70 and CD38 were detected by FISH and Flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS PD-1/PD-L1 expressions were significantly upregulated in CLL patients compared to controls. In addition, their mRNA levels were significantly higher in EBV( +) versus EBV( -) patients. High expression of PD-1/PD-L1 was associated with poor prognostic markers (RAI stages of CLL, del 17p13, ZAP70, and CD38 expression), failure of complete remission, shorter progression-free survival, and overall survival. CONCLUSION High expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, together with high EBD-DNA load were linked to worse prognosis in CLL. In addition, PD-1 and PD-L1 might represent suitable therapeutic targets for patients suffering from aggressive CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Gamaleldin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - O M Ghallab
- Internal Medicine Department (Hematology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - E A Nadwan
- Internal Medicine Department (Hematology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R A Abo Elwafa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu F, Syn NL, Lu Y, Chong QY, Lai J, Tan WJ, Goh BC, MacAry PA, Wang L, Loh KS. Characterization and Establishment of a Novel EBV Strain Simultaneously Associated With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626659. [PMID: 33898307 PMCID: PMC8059411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)—the prototypical human tumor virus—is responsible for 1–2% of the global cancer burden, but divergent strains seem to exist in different geographical regions with distinct predilections for causing lymphoid or epithelial malignancies. Here we report the establishment and characterization of Yu103, an Asia Pacific EBV strain with a highly remarkable provenance of being derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy but subsequently propagated in human B-lymphoma cells and xenograft models. Unlike previously characterized EBV strains which are either predominantly B-lymphotropic or epitheliotropic, Yu103 evinces an uncanny capacity to infect and transform both B-lymphocytes and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that Yu103 EBV lies midway along the spectrum of EBV strains known to drive lymphomagenesis or carcinogenesis, and harbors molecular features which likely account for its unusual properties. To our knowledge, Yu103 EBV is currently the only EBV isolate shown to drive human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B-lymphoma, and should therefore provide a powerful novel platform for research on EBV-driven hematological and epithelial malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junyun Lai
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jian Tan
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Head & Neck Tumor Group, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Head & Neck Tumor Group, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang HY, Sun L, Li P, Liu W, Zhang ZG, Luo B. Sequence Variations of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Small Noncoding RNA and Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Hematologic Tumors in Northern China. Intervirology 2021; 64:69-80. [PMID: 33709967 DOI: 10.1159/000510398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hematologic tumors and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small noncoding RNA (EBER) variations as well as latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) variations. METHODS Patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were selected as subjects. Genotypes 1/2 and genotypes F/f were analyzed using the nested PCR technology, while EBER and LMP1 subtypes were analyzed by the nested PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Type 1 was more dominant than type 2, found in 59 out of 82 (72%) leukemia and in 31 out of 35 (88.6%) MDS, while type F was more prevalent than type f in leukemia (83/85, 97.6%) and MDS (29/31, 93.5%) samples. The distribution of EBV genotypes 1/2 was not significantly different among leukemia, MDS, and healthy donor groups, neither was that of EBV genotypes F/f. EB-6m prototype was the dominant subtype of EBER in leukemia and MDS (73.2% [30/41] and 83.3% [10/12], respectively). The frequency of EB-6m was lower than that of healthy people (96.7%, 89/92), and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). China 1 subtype was the dominant subtype of LMP1 in leukemia and MDS (70% [28/40] and 90% [9/10], respectively), and there was no significant difference in the distribution of LMP1 subtypes among the 3 groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The distribution of EBV 1/2, F/f, EBER, and LMP1 subtypes in leukemia and MDS was similar to that in the background population in Northern China, which means that these subtypes may be rather region-restricted but not associated with leukemia and MDS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.,Department of Infection-Control, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China,
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Katsaraki K, Karousi P, Artemaki PI, Scorilas A, Pappa V, Kontos CK, Papageorgiou SG. MicroRNAs: Tiny Regulators of Gene Expression with Pivotal Roles in Normal B-Cell Development and B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040593. [PMID: 33546241 PMCID: PMC7913321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The involvement of miRNAs in physiological cellular processes has been well documented. The development of B cells, which is dictated by a miRNA-transcription factor regulatory network, suggests a typical process partly orchestrated by miRNAs. Besides their contribution in normal hematopoiesis, miRNAs have been severally reported to be implicated in hematological malignancies, a typical example of which is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Numerous studies have attempted to highlight the regulatory role of miRNAs in B-CLL or establish some of them as molecular biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Thus, a critical review summarizing the current knowledge concerning the multifaceted role of miRNAs in normal B-cell development and B-CLL progression, prognosis, and therapy, is urgent. Moreover, this review aims to highlight important miRNAs in both normal B-cell development and B-CLL and discuss future perspectives concerning their regulatory potential and establishment in clinical practice. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs bearing regulatory potency. The implication of miRNAs in physiological cellular processes has been well documented so far. A typical process orchestrated by miRNAs is the normal B-cell development. A stage-specific expression pattern of miRNAs has been reported in the developmental procedure, as well as interactions with transcription factors that dictate B-cell development. Besides their involvement in normal hematopoiesis, miRNAs are severally implicated in hematological malignancies, a typical paradigm of which is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). B-CLL is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal B cells in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Therefore, timely, specific, and sensitive assessment of the malignancy is vital. Several studies have attempted to highlight the remarkable significance of miRNAs as regulators of gene expression, biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, progression, and therapy response prediction, as well as molecules with potential therapeutic utility. This review seeks to outline the linkage between miRNA function in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by demonstrating the main benchmarks of the implication of miRNAs in the regulation of normal B-cell development, and to summarize the key findings about their value as regulators, biomarkers, or therapeutic targets in B-CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Katsaraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Pinelopi I. Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos K. Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (P.K.); (P.I.A.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.K.); (S.G.P.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4616 (C.K.K.); +30-210-583-2519 (S.G.P.)
| | - Sotirios G. Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (C.K.K.); (S.G.P.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4616 (C.K.K.); +30-210-583-2519 (S.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou W, Wang C, Ding M, Bian Y, Zhong Y, Shen H, Wang J, Zhang CY, Zhang C. Different expression pattern of human cytomegalovirus-encoded microRNAs in circulation from virus latency to reactivation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:469. [PMID: 33298092 PMCID: PMC7727131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-hersvirinae that has a high latent infection rate worldwide and can cause serious consequences in immunocompromised patients when reactivation; however, the mechanism of how HCMV convert from latent to reactivation has rarely been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the HCMV-encoded microRNA (miRNA) profile in serum of patients upon HCMV reactivation from latency and to further evaluate its clinical significance for the disease monitoring and preventing usefulness. Methods Serum samples from 59 viremia patients and 60 age-gender matched controls were enrolled in this study for screening and validation of different expression of HCMV miRNAs. Serum concentrations of 22 known HCMV miRNAs were determined by a hydrolysis probe-based stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. HCMV DNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with the whole blood sample. Serum HCMV IgG and IgM were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Another 47 samples from 5 patients at different time points were collected to evaluate the monitoring effectiveness and disease prediction ability of differential expression HCMV-miRNAs during the antiviral treatment. Results The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the serum levels of 16 of the 22 examined HCMV miRNAs were elevated in HCMV viremia patients compared with controls, and a profile of 8 HCMV miRNAs including hcmv-miR-US25-2-3p, hcmv-miR-US4-5p, hcmv-miR-US25-2-5p, hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p, hcmv-miR-US25-1, hcmv-miR-UL36, hcmv-miR-UL148D, hcmv-miR-US29-3p were markedly elevated (fold change > 2, P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed on the selected HCMV-miRNAs in all of the patients and controls that enrolled in this study, and which ranged from 0.72 to 0.80 in the autoimmune patients. In addition, hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p levels were significantly correlated with HCMV DNA load (r = 0.349, P = 0.007), and were obviously higher in the reactivation set than the latency set in the autoimmune patients, which could be a predictor for the monitoring of the antiviral treatment. Conclusions HCMV miRNAs profile showed markedly shift-switch from latency to reactivation in circulation from HCMV infected patients and hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p may be served as a predictor for the switch upon reactivation from latency in patients suffered with autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuying Bian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advance Research Institute of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bosseboeuf A, Seillier C, Mennesson N, Allain-Maillet S, Fourny M, Tallet A, Piver E, Lehours P, Mégraud F, Berthelot L, Harb J, Bigot-Corbel E, Hermouet S. Analysis of the Targets and Glycosylation of Monoclonal IgAs From MGUS and Myeloma Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32536913 PMCID: PMC7266999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that monoclonal immunoglobulins G (IgGs) of “monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance” (MGUS) and myeloma were hyposialylated, thus presumably pro-inflammatory, and for about half of patients, the target of the monoclonal IgG was either a virus—Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), other herpes viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV)—or a glucolipid, lysoglucosylceramide (LGL1), suggesting antigen-driven disease in these patients. In the present study, we show that monoclonal IgAs share these characteristics. We collected 35 sera of patients with a monoclonal IgA (6 MGUS, 29 myeloma), and we were able to purify 25 of the 35 monoclonal IgAs (6 MGUS, 19 myeloma). Monoclonal IgAs from MGUS and myeloma patients were significantly less sialylated than IgAs from healthy volunteers. When purified monoclonal IgAs were tested against infectious pathogens and LGL1, five myeloma patients had a monoclonal IgA that specifically recognized viral proteins: the core protein of HCV in one case, EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) in four cases (21.1% of IgA myeloma). Monoclonal IgAs from three myeloma patients reacted against LGL1. In summary, monoclonal IgAs are hyposialylated and as described for IgG myeloma, significant subsets (8/19, or 42%) of patients with IgA myeloma may have viral or self (LGL1) antigen-driven disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bosseboeuf
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Célia Seillier
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | | | - Maeva Fourny
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR966, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Reference des Campylobacters et des Hélicobacters, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Reference des Campylobacters et des Hélicobacters, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Interplay between MicroRNAs and the Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in B-Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093387. [PMID: 32403283 PMCID: PMC7246984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased focus is being placed on the tumorigenesis and contexture of tumor microenvironment in hematopoietic and solid tumors. Despite recent clinical revolutions in adoptive T-cell transfer approaches and immune checkpoint blockade, tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle to tumor regression in B-cell malignancies. A transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), has been widely demonstrated in the tumor microenvironment of B-cell malignancies. MiRNAs have been associated with different clinical-biological forms of B-cell malignancies and involved in the regulation of B lymphocyte development, maturation, and function, including B-cell activation and malignant transformation. Additionally, tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles regulate recipient cell functions in the tumor microenvironment to facilitate metastasis and progression by delivering miRNA contents to neighboring cells. Herein, we focus on the interplay between miRNAs and tumor microenvironment components in the different B-cell malignancies and its impact on diagnosis, proliferation, and involvement in treatment resistance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Takahashi K, Sato Y, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Suzuki T, Hasegawa H, Katano H. High expression of JC polyomavirus-encoded microRNAs in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy tissues and its repressive role in virus replication. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008523. [PMID: 32324824 PMCID: PMC7200015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV, JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised hosts. JCPyV replicates in oligodendrocytes within the brain tissue of patients with PML. The JCPyV genome encodes a microRNA (miRNA) in the region encoding the large T antigen. JCPyV-encoded miRNA (miR-J1) has been detected in the tissue and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with PML; however, there are no reports describing the localization of polyomavirus-encoded miRNA in histological samples of patients with virus-associated diseases. In the present study, we detected high miR-J1 expression in the nuclei of JCPyV-infected cells in PML tissue samples via in situ hybridization. Additionally, in situ hybridization also revealed the expression of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV, BKV)-encoded miRNA in lesions of BKPyV-associated nephropathy. In situ hybridization for miR-J1-5p and -3p showed positive signals in 24/25 (96%) of PML tissues that were positive for JCPyV by immunohistochemistry. Higher copy numbers of miR-J1 were detected in PML tissues than in non-PML tissues by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Next generation sequencing showed that miR-J1-5p, a mature miRNA of primary miRNA, was predominant in the lesions compared with miR-J1-3p, another mature miRNA. Deletion or mutation of miR-J1 in recombinant JCPyV promoted the production of JCPyV-encoded proteins in cells transfected with JCPyV DNA, suggesting that polyomavirus-encoded miRNA may have a repressive role in viral replication in PML tissues. In situ hybridization for viral miRNA may be a useful diagnostic tool for PML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional Differences Between EBV- and CMV-Specific CD8 + T cells Demonstrate Heterogeneity of T cell Dysfunction in CLL. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e337. [PMID: 32309780 PMCID: PMC7162091 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired T cell dysfunction is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and is linked to an increased risk of infections, but also reduced immune surveillance and disappointing responses to autologous T cell-based immunotherapy. The mechanisms of T cell dysfunction in CLL are not well understood. Studying immunity against chronic viruses allows for detailed analysis of the effect of CLL on T cells chronically exposed to a specific antigen. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations are rare in CLL, which corroborates with preserved CMV-specific T cell function. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is another herpesvirus that results in chronic infection, but unlike CMV, is characterized by subclinical reactivations in CLL patients. Since both herpesviruses induce strong CD8+ T cell responses, but have different clinical outcomes, studying these specific T cells may shed light on the mechanisms of CLL-induced T cell dysfunction. We first analyzed the phenotype of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells in CLL and healthy controls, and found that in CLL EBV-specific CD8+ T cells are in an advanced differentiation state with higher expression of inhibitory receptors. Secondly, CLL-derived EBV-specific CD8+ T cells show reduced cytotoxic potential, in contrast to CMV-specific T cells. Finally, we performed transcriptome analysis to visualize differential modulation by CLL of these T cell subsets. While T cell activation and differentiation genes are unaffected, in EBV-specific T cells expression of genes involved in synapse formation and T cell exhaustion is altered. Our findings on the heterogeneity of antigen specific T cell function in CLL aids in understanding immune-dysregulation in this disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Fuentes-Mattei E, Bayraktar R, Manshouri T, Silva AM, Ivan C, Gulei D, Fabris L, Soares do Amaral N, Mur P, Perez C, Torres-Claudio E, Dragomir MP, Badillo-Perez A, Knutsen E, Narayanan P, Golfman L, Shimizu M, Zhang X, Zhao W, Ho WT, Estecio MR, Bartholomeusz G, Tomuleasa C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Zweidler-McKay PA, Estrov Z, Zhao ZJ, Verstovsek S, Calin GA, Redis RS. miR-543 regulates the epigenetic landscape of myelofibrosis by targeting TET1 and TET2. JCI Insight 2020; 5:121781. [PMID: 31941838 PMCID: PMC7030823 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by cytopenia and extramedullary hematopoiesis, resulting in splenomegaly. Multiple pathological mechanisms (e.g., circulating cytokines and genetic alterations, such as JAKV617F mutation) have been implicated in the etiology of MF, but the molecular mechanism causing resistance to JAK2V617F inhibitor therapy remains unknown. Among MF patients who were treated with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, we compared noncoding RNA profiles of ruxolitinib therapy responders versus nonresponders and found miR-543 was significantly upregulated in nonresponders. We validated these findings by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. in this same cohort, in 2 additional independent MF patient cohorts from the United States and Romania, and in a JAK2V617F mouse model of MF. Both in vitro and in vivo models were used to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-543 in MF. Here, we demonstrate that miR-543 targets the dioxygenases ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) and 2 (TET2) in patients and in vitro, causing increased levels of global 5-methylcytosine, while decreasing the acetylation of histone 3, STAT3, and tumor protein p53. Mechanistically, we found that activation of STAT3 by JAKs epigenetically controls miR-543 expression via binding the promoter region of miR-543. Furthermore, miR-543 upregulation promotes the expression of genes related to drug metabolism, including CYP3A4, which is involved in ruxolitinib metabolism. Our findings suggest miR-543 as a potentially novel biomarker for the prognosis of MF patients with a high risk of treatment resistance and as a potentially new target for the development of new treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andreia M. Silva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S)
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), and
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diana Gulei
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Nayra Soares do Amaral
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Molecular Morphology Laboratory, Department of Investigative Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Perez
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Mayagüez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres-Claudio
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Leonard Golfman
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wanke Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wanting Tina Ho
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marcos Roberto Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis and
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, The Oncology Institute Ion Chiricuta, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhizhuang J. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parry HM, Mirajkar N, Cutmore N, Zuo J, Long H, Kwok M, Oldrieve C, Hudson C, Stankovic T, Paneesha S, Kelly M, Begum J, McSkeane T, Pratt G, Moss P. Long-Term Ibrutinib Therapy Reverses CD8 + T Cell Exhaustion in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2832. [PMID: 31921116 PMCID: PMC6921985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is associated with immune suppression and susceptibility to infection. CD8+ T cell numbers are increased and demonstrate elevated expression of PD-1 and impaired function. The mechanisms driving these features of exhaustion are uncertain but are likely to include chronic immune recognition of tumor and/or infectious agents. We investigated the number, phenotype and function of total and virus-specific CD8+ T cells in 65 patients with CLL and 14 patients undergoing long-term ibrutinib therapy (median 21 months). Ibrutinib substantially reduced the number of both CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, this was associated with a reduction in PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells (median 28 vs. 24%; p = 0.042) and 3.5 fold increase in cytokine production following mitogen stimulation. The influence of ibrutinib on antigen-specific CD8+ T cell function was assessed by HLA-peptide tetramers and revealed increased IFNγ and TNFα cytokine responses following stimulation with CMV or EBV peptides together with a 55% reduction in the frequency of "inflated" virus-specific CD8+ T cells. These findings reveal that long-term ibrutinib therapy is associated with substantial reversal of T cell exhaustion in B-CLL and is likely to contribute to the reduced infection risk seen in association with this agent.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Aged
- Biomarkers
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Duration of Therapy
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptides/immunology
- Piperidines
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/adverse effects
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Mirajkar
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Cutmore
- St James' University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Oldrieve
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shankara Paneesha
- Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tina McSkeane
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Pratt
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Ye Y, Fu M, Zheng B, Qiu Q, Huang Z. Implication of viral microRNAs in the genesis and diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3433-3442. [PMID: 31516561 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is tightly associated with a variety of human tumors, including Burkitt lymphoma and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma of B-cell origin, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer of epithelial origin. The virus latently infects the host cells and expresses proteins and non-coding RNAs to achieve malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small RNAs consisting of 19-25 nucleotides, which directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs to promote degradation and inhibit translation of mRNAs. EBV-encoded miRs are generated from two regions of the viral genome, within the apoptosis regulator BHRF1 gene locus and near the BamHI A region in a latency type-dependent manner. In addition, EBV-encoded miRs epigenetically regulate the expression of molecules that are effectors of the cell cycle progression, migration, apoptosis and innate immunity, serving a vital role in supporting viral replication and occurrence of EBV-associated tumors. The feasibility of using such miRs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of EBV-associated tumors is currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese-American Collaborative Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dongguan City People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dongguan City People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Biying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Pearl River Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese-American Collaborative Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, the amount of research and the number of publications on associations between circulating small and long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and cancer have grown exponentially. Particular focus has been placed on the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to enable efficient patient management - from early detection of cancer to monitoring for disease recurrence or progression after treatment. Owing to their high abundance and stability, circulating ncRNAs have potential utility as non-invasive, blood-based biomarkers that can provide information on tumour biology and the effects of treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Increasing evidence highlights the roles of ncRNAs in cell-to-cell communication, with a number of ncRNAs having the capacity to regulate gene expression outside of the cell of origin through extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer to recipient cells, with implications for cancer progression and therapy resistance. Moreover, 'foreign' microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by non-human genomes (so-called xeno-miRNAs), such as viral miRNAs, have been shown to be present in human body fluids and can be used as biomarkers. Herein, we review the latest developments in the use of circulating ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and discuss their roles in cell-to-cell communication in the context of cancer. We provide a compendium of miRNAs and long ncRNAs that have been reported in the literature to be present in human body fluids and that have the potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Sun H, Makabel B, Cui Q, Li J, Su C, Ashby CR, Chen Z, Zhang J. The targeting of non‑coding RNAs by curcumin: Facts and hopes for cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:20-34. [PMID: 31059075 PMCID: PMC6549103 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin [(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione] is a natural polyphenol that is derived from the turmeric plant (curcuma longa L.). Curcumin is widely used in food coloring, preservatives, and condiments. Curcumin possesses anti-tumor, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory efficacy, as well as other pharmacological effects. Emerging evidence indicates that curcumin alters microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various types of cancers. Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are non-coding RNAs that can epigenetically modulate the expression of multiple genes via post-transcriptional regulation. In the present review, the interactions between curcumin and non-coding RNAs are summarized in numerous types of cancers, including lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, nasopharyngeal, pancreatic, blood, and ovarian cancer, and the vital non-coding RNAs and their downstream targets are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Jiangmen, Guangdong 529156, P.R. China
| | - Bolat Makabel
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830004, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jiajun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyue Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rajput S, Minhas K, Azam I, Shaikh U, Hussain A, Lalani EN. LMP1 expression in bone marrow trephines of patients with multiple myeloma confers a survival advantage. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1991-2001. [PMID: 30912465 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1563697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease of the bone marrow (BM). Its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains enigmatic. Aim of our study was to determine expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD117 and their association with 5-year survival in MM patients. Seven percent of cases expressed LMP1 in MM cells with no association with survival. Whereas, LMP1 expression in CD138- non-neoplastic cells was observed in 80% of the cases, conferring a survival advantage of 1.75 years (mean 3.75 ± 0.28, 95% CI 3.19-4.3). LMP1 in CD138- non-neoplastic cells was associated with CD117 expression in MM cells. Combinatorial analysis of LMP1 and CD117 stratified patients into good prognostic group LMP1+/CD117- (mean survival 4.16 ± 0.39 years) and a worst prognostic group; LMP1-/CD117+ (mean survival 1.02 ± 0.29 years). Our study showed that LMP1 expression in CD138- non-neoplastic cells of BM in MM patients confers a survival advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheerien Rajput
- a Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Khurram Minhas
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- c Department of Community Health Sciences , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Usman Shaikh
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- a Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - El-Nasir Lalani
- a Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gärtner K, Luckner M, Wanner G, Zeidler R. Engineering extracellular vesicles as novel treatment options: exploiting herpesviral immunity in CLL. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1573051. [PMID: 30788083 PMCID: PMC6374966 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1573051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication. Intriguingly, EVs can be engineered and thus exploited for the targeted transfer of functional proteins of interest. Thus, engineered EVs may constitute attractive tools for the development of novel therapeutic interventions, like cancer immunotherapies, vaccinations or targeted drug delivery. Here, we describe a novel experimental immunotherapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) based on engineered EVs carrying gp350, the major glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), CD40L, a central immune accessory molecule and pp65, an immunodominant antigen of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV). We show that these engineered EVs specifically interact with malignant B cells from CLL patients and render these cells immunogenic to allogeneic and autologous EBV- and CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, co-opting engineered EVs to re-target the strong herpesviral immunity in CLL patients to malignant cells constitutes an attractive strategy for the adjuvant treatment of a still incurable disease. Abbreviations: CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gärtner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) - partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Van Roosbroeck K, Bayraktar R, Calin S, Bloehdorn J, Dragomir MP, Okubo K, Bertilaccio MTS, Zupo S, You MJ, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Chen SS, Chiorazzi N, Thompson PA, Ferrajoli A, Bertoni F, Stilgenbauer S, Keating MJ, Calin GA. The involvement of microRNA in the pathogenesis of Richter syndrome. Haematologica 2018; 104:1004-1015. [PMID: 30409799 PMCID: PMC6518906 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Richter syndrome is the name given to the transformation of the most frequent type of leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, into an aggressive lymphoma. Patients with Richter syndrome have limited response to therapies and dismal survival. The underlying mechanisms of transformation are insufficiently understood and there is a major lack of knowledge regarding the roles of microRNA that have already proven to be causative for most cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Here, by using four types of genomic platforms and independent sets of patients from three institutions, we identified microRNA involved in the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome. The expression signature is composed of miR-21, miR-150, miR-146b and miR-181b, with confirmed targets significantly enriched in pathways involved in cancer, immunity and inflammation. In addition, we demonstrated that genomic alterations may account for microRNA deregulation in a subset of cases of Richter syndrome. Furthermore, network analysis showed that Richter transformation leads to a complete rearrangement, resulting in a highly connected microRNA network. Functionally, ectopic overexpression of miR-21 increased proliferation of malignant B cells in multiple assays, while miR-150 and miR-26a were downregulated in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia xenogeneic mouse transplantation model. Together, our results suggest that Richter transformation is associated with significant expression and genomic loci alterations of microRNA involved in both malignancy and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address - Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steliana Calin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mihnea Paul Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keishi Okubo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Simonetta Zupo
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Pathology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Philip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Marco M, Ramassone A, Pagotto S, Anastasiadou E, Veronese A, Visone R. MicroRNAs in Autoimmunity and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103139. [PMID: 30322050 PMCID: PMC6213554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and hematological malignancies are often concomitant in patients. A causal bidirectional relationship exists between them. Loss of immunological tolerance with inappropriate activation of the immune system, likely due to environmental and genetic factors, can represent a breeding ground for the appearance of cancer cells and, on the other hand, blood cancers are characterized by imbalanced immune cell subsets that could support the development of the autoimmune clone. Considerable effort has been made for understanding the proteins that have a relevant role in both processes; however, literature advances demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) surface as the epigenetic regulators of those proteins and control networks linked to both autoimmunity and hematological malignancies. Here we review the most up-to-date findings regarding the miRNA-based molecular mechanisms that underpin autoimmunity and hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Di Marco
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alice Ramassone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science (DMSI), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosa Visone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Williams M, Ariza ME. EBV Positive Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Exhibit Increased Anti-dUTPase Antibodies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E129. [PMID: 29723986 PMCID: PMC5977102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus, establishes a latent infection in more than 90% of the global adult population. EBV-associated malignancies have increased by 14.6% over the last 20 years, and account for approximately 1.5% of all cancers worldwide and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. However, the potential involvement/contribution of lytic proteins to the pathophysiology of EBV-associated cancers is not well understood. We have previously demonstrated that the EBV-deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) modulates innate and adaptive immune responses by engaging the Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), which leads to the modulation of downstream genes involved in oncogenesis, chronic inflammation, and in effector T-cell function. Furthermore, examination of serum samples from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients revealed the presence of increased levels of anti-dUTPase antibodies in both cohorts compared to controls with the highest levels (3.67-fold increase) observed in DLBCL female cases and the lowest (2.12-fold increase) in DLBCL males. Using computer-generated algorithms, dUTPase amino acid sequence alignments, and functional studies of BLLF3 mutants, we identified a putative amino acid motif involved with TLR2 interaction. These findings suggest that the EBV-dUTPase: TLR2 interaction is a potential molecular target that could be used for developing novel therapeutics (small molecules/vaccines).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Maria Eugenia Ariza
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koupenova M, Mick E, Corkrey HA, Huan T, Clancy L, Shah R, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Kurt-Jones EA, Tanriverdi K, Freedman JE. Micro RNAs from DNA Viruses are Found Widely in Plasma in a Large Observational Human Population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6397. [PMID: 29686252 PMCID: PMC5913337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections associate with disease risk and select families of viruses encode miRNAs that control an efficient viral cycle. The association of viral miRNA expression with disease in a large human population has not been previously explored. We sequenced plasma RNA from 40 participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, Offspring Cohort, Visit 8) and identified 3 viral miRNAs from 3 different human Herpesviridae. These miRNAs were mostly related to viral latency and have not been previously detected in human plasma. Viral miRNA expression was then screened in the plasma of 2763 participants of the remaining cohort utilizing high-throughput RT-qPCR. All 3 viral miRNAs associated with combinations of inflammatory or prothrombotic circulating biomarkers (sTNFRII, IL-6, sICAM1, OPG, P-selectin) but did not associate with hypertension, coronary heart disease or cancer. Using a large observational population, we demonstrate that the presence of select viral miRNAs in the human circulation associate with inflammatory biomarkers and possibly immune response, but fail to associate with overt disease. This study greatly extends smaller singular observations of viral miRNAs in the human circulation and suggests that select viral miRNAs, such as those for latency, may not impact disease manifestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Eric Mick
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Heather A Corkrey
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHLBI) and Boston University's Framingham Heart Institute, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, 20824, USA
| | - Lauren Clancy
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ravi Shah
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHLBI) and Boston University's Framingham Heart Institute, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHLBI) and Boston University's Framingham Heart Institute, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, 20824, USA
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jane E Freedman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Navari M, Etebari M, Ibrahimi M, Leoncini L, Piccaluga PP. Pathobiologic Roles of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs in Human Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1168. [PMID: 29649101 PMCID: PMC5979337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus implicated in several human malignancies, including a wide range of lymphomas. Several molecules encoded by EBV in its latent state are believed to be related to EBV-induced lymphomagenesis, among which microRNAs-small RNAs with a posttranscriptional regulating role-are of great importance. The genome of EBV encodes 44 mature microRNAs belonging to two different classes, including BamHI-A rightward transcript (BART) and Bam HI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1), with different expression levels in different EBV latency types. These microRNAs might contribute to the pathogenetic effects exerted by EBV through targeting self mRNAs and host mRNAs and interfering with several important cellular mechanisms such as immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In addition, EBV microRNAs can regulate the surrounding microenvironment of the infected cells through exosomal transportation. Moreover, these small molecules could be potentially used as molecular markers. In this review, we try to present an updated and extensive view of the role of EBV-encoded miRNAs in human lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Navari
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh 9516915169, Iran.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh 9516915169, Iran.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mostafa Ibrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Solé C, Larrea E, Di Pinto G, Tellaetxe M, Lawrie CH. miRNAs in B-cell lymphoma: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker potential. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
28
|
Haverkos BM, Huang Y, Gru A, Pancholi P, Freud AG, Mishra A, Ruppert AS, Baiocchi RA, Porcu P. Frequency and clinical correlates of elevated plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA at diagnosis in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1899-1906. [PMID: 27943278 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNAs (EBER) in tumor tissue and cell-free plasma EBV-DNA (pEBVd) are detected in EBV-associated lymphomas. Studies have suggested that EBER+ peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) have worse prognosis but the role of EBV in these neoplasms remains unclear. pEBVd is quantitative and more easily amenable to standardization than EBER, but frequency of pEBVd detection, clinical impact and agreement with EBER status in PTCL are unknown. We retrospectively assessed frequency of detectable pre-treatment pEBVd, presence of EBER in tumor tissue, and outcomes in 61 of 135 EBV-assessable PTCL patients. Fifteen of 61 patients (24.5%, 95% CI: 14-37%) were pre-treatment pEBVd+, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics or treatment between pEBVd+ and pEBVd- patients. EBER-ISH was performed on 10 pEBVd+ and 35 pEBVd- tumors. All 10 pEBVd+ patients were EBER+, but 9 pEBVd- patients were also EBER+. With median follow up of 24 months (range 1-96), overall survival (OS) was shorter in pEBVd+ compared to pEBVd- patients (13 vs. 72 months; p = 0.04). In our retrospective study, pre-treatment pEBVd was elevated in 25% of PTCL patients, was highly specific for EBER+ tumors, and was associated with shorter survival. pEBVd should be further explored as a prognostic variable and tumor biomarker in PTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alejandro Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Preeti Pancholi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy S Ruppert
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Plasma Viral miRNAs Indicate a High Prevalence of Occult Viral Infections. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:182-192. [PMID: 28465156 PMCID: PMC5478184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) varies greatly in different populations. We hypothesized that the actual prevalence of KSHV/HHV8 infection in humans is underestimated by the currently available serological tests. We analyzed four independent patient cohorts with post-surgical or post-chemotherapy sepsis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and post-surgical patients with abdominal surgical interventions. Levels of specific KSHV-encoded miRNAs were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and KSHV/HHV-8 IgG were measured by immunoassay. We also measured specific miRNAs from Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a virus closely related to KSHV/HHV-8, and determined the EBV serological status by ELISA for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) IgG. Finally, we identified the viral miRNAs by in situ hybridization (ISH) in bone marrow cells. In training/validation settings using independent multi-institutional cohorts of 300 plasma samples, we identified in 78.50% of the samples detectable expression of at least one of the three tested KSHV-miRNAs by RT-qPCR, while only 27.57% of samples were found to be seropositive for KSHV/HHV-8 IgG (P < 0.001). The prevalence of KSHV infection based on miRNAs qPCR is significantly higher than the prevalence determined by seropositivity, and this is more obvious for immuno-depressed patients. Plasma viral miRNAs quantification proved that EBV infection is ubiquitous. Measurement of viral miRNAs by qPCR has the potential to become the “gold” standard method to detect certain viral infections in clinical practice. There is no agreement on a standard assay to detect the true prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Measurement of the viral miRNAs in plasma by RT-qPCR allows a direct and accurate assessment of viral infection. Measurement of the viral miRNAs in plasma by RT-qPCR shows prevalence of KSHV infection in immuno-depressed patients. Measurement of plasma viral miRNAs for viral infection assessment has the potential to become a “gold” standard method in the clinical practice.
Chronic viral infections represent risk factors for diseases and development of infection-related complications. There is no agreement on a standard assay to detect the true prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. The current method used in the clinical practice (ELISA-test) identifies a great geographic variation in KSHV seroprevalence and may underestimate the true-prevalence of KSHV infection. Here we showed that detection of plasma viral miRNAs levels for the identification of viral infection (e.g., KSHV, Epstein-Bar virus or EBV) is more accurate than the current method for detection of virus-derived antigen, especially in patients with low number of immune cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Guan H, Miao H, Ma N, Lu W, Luo B. Correlations between Epstein-Barr virus and acute leukemia. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1453-1460. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzai Guan
- Department of Hematology; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Hongxia Miao
- Department of Hematology; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Hematology; Ji Ning Medical College; Ji Ning China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Bing Luo
- Departmentof Microbiology; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Medina-Ortega ÁP, López-Valencia D, Mosquera-Monje SL, Mora-Obando DL, Dueñas-Cuéllar RA. Virus de Epstein-Barr y su relación con el desarrollo del cáncer. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n2a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
32
|
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in T Cell and NK Cell Lymphomas: Time for a Reassessment. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 10:456-67. [PMID: 26449716 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was initially discovered and characterized as an oncogenic virus in B cell neoplasms, it also plays a complex and multifaceted role in T/NK cell lymphomas. In B cell lymphomas, EBV-encoded proteins have been shown to directly promote immortalization and proliferation through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. In the context of mature T/NK lymphomas (MTNKL), with the possible exception on extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), the virus likely plays a more diverse and nuanced role. EBV has been shown to shape the tumor microenvironment by promoting Th2-skewed T cell responses and by increasing the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. The type of cell infected, the amount of plasma EBV DNA, and the degree of viral lytic replication have all been proposed to have prognostic value in T/NK cell lymphomas. Latency patterns of EBV infection have been defined using EBV-infected B cell models and have not been definitively established in T/NK cell lymphomas. Identifying the expression profile of EBV lytic proteins could allow for individualized therapy with the use of antiviral medications. More work needs to be done to determine whether EBV-associated MTNKL have distinct biological and clinical features, which can be leveraged for risk stratification, disease monitoring, and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult human leukemia. Although, the molecular alterations leading to CLL onset and progression are still under investigation (specifically, the interplay and exact role of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in CLL pathogenesis). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are expressed in a tissue specific manner. Deregulation of microRNAs can alter expression levels of genes involved in the development and/or progression of tumors. In CLL, microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we review the most recent findings on the role of microRNAs in the onset/progression of CLL, and how this knowledge can be used to identify new biomarkers and targets to treat this leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Balatti
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuri Pekarky
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fabris L, Calin GA. Circulating free xeno-microRNAs - The new kids on the block. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:503-8. [PMID: 26860056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) as promising tools for cancer screening, prognosis and monitoring of anticancer therapies has been widely studied in the past decades. cfmiRNAs have all the characteristics of the perfect biomarkers owing high stability under storage and handling conditions and being detectable not only in plasma, but in almost all body fluids. Moreover, their levels in plasma are likely to resemble ones in the primary tumor. Recently, viral and plant miRNAs have been found in plasma of healthy individuals through deep sequencing technique, and subsequently the same ones were deregulated in patients. Growing body of literature is recently focusing on understanding the potential cross-kingdom regulation of human mRNAs by miRNAs most likely absorbed with food ingestion. In this article we will review the literature concerning the xenomiRs detected in plasma and their role in influencing cancer onset and progression. XenomiRs could potentially be used not only as early screening tool, but also for patients' prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Fabris
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lawrie CH. Written in Blood: Kissing Disease miRNAs Could Predict Outcome of Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:489-90. [PMID: 26288811 PMCID: PMC4535125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Lawrie
- Oncology Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|