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Yang N, Hou YB, Cui TH, Yu JM, He SF, Zhu HJ. Ischemic-Preconditioning Induced Serum Exosomal miR-133a-3p Improved Post-Myocardial Infarction Repair via Targeting LTBP1 and PPP2CA. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:9035-9053. [PMID: 39253060 PMCID: PMC11381219 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic preconditioning-induced serum exosomes (IPC-exo) protected rat heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether IPC-exo regulate replacement fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRs) are important cargos of exosomes and play an essential role in cardioprotection. We aim to investigate whether IPC-exo regulate post-MI replacement fibrosis by transferring cardioprotective miRs and its action mechanism. Methods Exosomes obtained from serum of adult rats in control (Con-exo) and IPC groups were identified and analyzed, subsequently intracardially injected into MI rats following ligation. Their miRs profiles were identified using high-throughput miR sequencing to identify target miRs for bioinformatics analysis. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed target genes of selected miRs. IPC-exo transfected with selected miRs antagomir or NC were intracardially administered to MI rats post-ligation. Cardiac function and degree of replacement fibrosis were detected 4 weeks post-MI. Results IPC-exo exerted cardioprotective effects against excessive replacement fibrosis. MiR sequencing and RT-qPCR identified miR-133a-3p as most significantly different between IPC-exo and Con-exo. MiR-133a-3p directly targeted latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) and protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme (PPP2CA). KEGG analysis showed that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was one of the most enriched signaling pathways with miR-133a-3p. Comparing to injection of IPC-exo transfected with miR-133a-3p antagomir NC, injecting IPC-exo transfected with miR-133a-3p antagomir abolished protective effects of IPC-exo on declining excessive replacement fibrosis and cardiac function enhancement, while increasing the messenger RNA and protein expression of LTBP1, PPP2CA, and TGF-β1in MI rats. Conclusion IPC-exo inhibit excessive replacement fibrosis and improve cardiac function post-MI by transferring miR-133a-3p, the mechanism is associated with directly targeting LTBP1 and PPP2CA, and indirectly regulating TGF-β pathway in rats. Our finding provides potential therapeutic effect of IPC-induced exosomal miR-133a-3p for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bo Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Hao Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ma Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Juan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng D, Zhang N, Feng H, Tang M, Li Z, Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. The role of serine/threonine protein kinases in cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic methods. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117093. [PMID: 38971012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important link in a variety of signaling pathways, and most of the important life processes in cells involve protein phosphorylation. Based on the amino acid residues of phosphorylated proteins, protein kinases can be categorized into the following families: serine/threonine protein kinases, tyrosine-specific protein kinases, histidine-specific protein kinases, tryptophan kinases, and aspartate/glutamyl protein kinases. Of all the protein kinases, most are serine/threonine kinases, where serine/threonine protein kinases are protein kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues on target proteins using ATP as a phosphate donor. The current socially accepted classification of serine/threonine kinases is to divide them into seven major groups: protein kinase A, G, C (AGC), CMGC, Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK), Casein kinase (CK1), STE, Tyrosine kinase (TKL) and others. After decades of research, a preliminary understanding of the specific classification and respective functions of serine/threonine kinases has entered a new period of exploration. In this paper, we review the literature of the previous years and introduce the specific signaling pathways and related therapeutic modalities played by each of the small protein kinases in the serine/threonine protein kinase family, respectively, in some common cardiovascular system diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. To a certain extent, the current research results, including molecular mechanisms and therapeutic methods, are fully summarized and a systematic report is made for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- Department of clinical pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ge M, Zhang L, Du J, Jin H, Lv B, Huang Y. Sulfenylation of ERK1/2: A novel mechanism for SO 2-mediated inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34260. [PMID: 39092251 PMCID: PMC11292236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays a crucial role in protecting heart from myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the excessive growth of cardiac fibroblasts. This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms by which SO2 suppressed myocardial fibrosis. Methods and results Mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac fibrosis and cell model of Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblast proliferation were employed. Our findings discovered that SO2 mitigated the aberrant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) induced by Ang II, leading to a reduction of fibroblast proliferation. Mechanistically, for the first time, we found that SO2 sulfenylated ERK1/2, and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cardiac fibroblast proliferation, while a sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) reversed the above effects of SO2. Furthermore, mutant ERK1C183S (cysteine 183 to serine) abolished the sulfenylation of ERK by SO2, thereby preventing the inhibitory effects of SO2 on ERK1 phosphorylation and cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Conclusion Our study suggested that SO2 inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation by sulfenylating ERK1/2 and subsequently suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These new findings might enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying myocardial fibrosis and emphasize the potential of SO2 as a novel therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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4
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Du H, Zhang Y, Guo H, Cheng X, Tian H, Wang Y, Wang H, Song Y, Duan X, Ma D. Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes decoction alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting cardiomyocyte inflammation and pyroptosis via the HK1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:956-965. [PMID: 38697933 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, called "Eseye (Ese)," is a traditional medicinal plant from the Tibet province of China that has proven effective in treating cardiac conditions due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties. In this study, we explored the underlying protective mechanisms of Ese decoction in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis (CF) and established the fact that treatment with an Ese decoction attenuated tissue injury, decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and caspase-3, and elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in CF mice. We also found that with Ese treatment damage to the mitochondrial ultrastructure of myocardium was alleviated, and the level of reactive oxygen species was markedly diminished. Ese inhibited the expression of proteins associated with pyroptosis by the HK1/NLRP3 signaling pathway and also improved CF. Due to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic characteristics of Ese decoction, we found that Ese protected against ISO-induced CF, by inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis as mediated by the HK1/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haochuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xizhen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haolin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongxing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuhong Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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5
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Zang G, Chen Y, Guo G, Wan A, Li B, Wang Z. Protective Effect of CD137 Deficiency Against Postinfarction Cardiac Fibrosis and Adverse Cardiac Remodeling by ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:446-456. [PMID: 38416872 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Myocardial fibrosis, a common complication of myocardial infarction (MI), is characterized by excessive collagen deposition and can result in impaired cardiac function. The specific role of CD137 in the development of post-MI myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of CD137 signaling using CD137 knockout mice and in vitro experiments. CD137 expression levels progressively increased in the heart after MI, particularly in myofibroblast, which play a key role in fibrosis. Remarkably, CD137 knockout mice exhibited improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis compared with wild-type mice at day 28 post-MI. The use of Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining demonstrated a reduction in the infarct area and collagen volume fraction in CD137 knockout mice. Furthermore, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen I, key markers of fibrosis, was decreased in heart tissues lacking CD137. In vitro experiments supported these findings because CD137 depletion attenuated cardiac fibroblast differentiation, and migration, and collagen I synthesis. In addition, the administration of CD137L recombinant protein further promoted alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen I synthesis, suggesting a profibrotic effect. Notably, the application of an inhibitor targeting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway attenuated the profibrotic effects of CD137L. To conclude, this study provides evidence that CD137 plays a significant role in promoting myocardial fibrosis after MI. Inhibition of CD137 signaling pathways may hold therapeutic potential for mitigating pathological cardiac remodeling and improving post-MI cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Fibrosis
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice, Knockout
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/enzymology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/enzymology
- 4-1BB Ligand/metabolism
- 4-1BB Ligand/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Signal Transduction
- Cell Movement
- Mice
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Cell Differentiation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Yiliu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Aijun Wan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
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6
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Goldsmith R, Tsan YC, Scissors R, Helms A, Brody M. In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Fibroblast Activation at Physiologic Stiffness. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1025. [PMID: 38600839 PMCID: PMC11013569 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are an essential cell type in cardiac physiology, playing diverse roles in maintaining structural integrity, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and tissue repair. Under normal conditions, these cells reside in the interstitium in a quiescent state poised to sense and respond to injury by synthesizing and secreting collagen, vimentin, hyaluronan, and other ECM components. In response to mechanical and chemical stimuli, these "resident" fibroblasts can undergo a transformation through a continuum of activation states into what is commonly known as a "myofibroblast," in a process critical for injury response. Despite progress in understanding the contribution of fibroblasts to cardiac health and disease, much remains unknown about the signaling mediating this activation, in part owing to technical challenges in evaluating CF function and activation status in vitro. Given their role in monitoring the ECM, CFs are acutely sensitive to stiffness and pressure. High basal activation of isolated CFs is common due to the super-physiologic stiffness of traditional cell culture substrates, making assays dependent on quiescent cells challenging. To overcome this problem, cell culture parameters must be tightly controlled, and the use of dishes coated with biocompatible reduced-stiffness substrates, such as 8-kPa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), has shown promise in reducing basal activation of fibroblasts. Here, we describe cell culture protocol for maintaining CF quiescence in vitro to enable a dynamic range for the assessment of activation status in response to fibrogenic stimuli using PDMS-coated coverslips. Our protocol provides a cost-effective tool to study fibroblast signaling and activity, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of 8-kPa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/gelatin-coated coverslips for cardiac fibroblast cell culture Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of adult cardiac fibroblasts and plating onto PDMS coverslips Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of cardiac fibroblast activation by α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Goldsmith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Y-C Tsan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - R.E. Scissors
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - A.S. Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - M.J. Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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7
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Feng L, Wang C, Zhang C, Zhang W, Song W. Role of epigenetic regulation in glaucoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115633. [PMID: 37806089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the world's leading irreversible blinding eye disease. Lowering intraocular pressure is currently the only effective clinical treatment. However, there is a lack of long-acting IOP-lowering drugs, and some patients still experience retinal ganglion cell loss even with good intraocular pressure control. Currently, there is no effective method for neuroprotection and regeneration in clinical practice for glaucoma. In recent years, epigenetics has been widely researched and reported for its role in glaucoma's neuroprotection and regeneration. This article reviews the changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and m6A methylation in glaucoma, aiming to provide new perspectives for glaucoma management, protection of retinal ganglion cells, and axon regeneration by understanding epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Wulong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Weitao Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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8
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Cheng X, Zhao H, Wen X, Li G, Guo S, Zhang D. NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition by MCC950 attenuates cardiac and pulmonary artery remodelling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Life Sci 2023; 333:122185. [PMID: 37858713 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the NLRP3-inflammasome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). MAIN METHODS Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected in patients with heart failure. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between serum inflammatory cytokines and left ventricular diastolic function. A 'two-hit' (metabolic stress and mechanical stress) mouse model of HFpEF was established. Furthermore, MCC950 was used to determine the role of NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition in cardiac and pulmonary artery remodelling in HFpEF mice. KEY FINDINGS Compared with heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, patients with HFpEF have significantly elevated serum inflammatory cytokine levels. Serum NLRP3 and interleukin-1β levels were positively correlated with the diastolic function of HFpEF. In the HFpEF mouse model, the inhibition of the NLRP3-inflammasome by MCC950 improved exercise intolerance, glucose intolerance, and left ventricular diastolic function, but had no significant effect on systolic function. Meanwhile, MCC950 attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, the potential protective effects of MCC950 are achieved by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3-IL-1β pathway and cascade expansion of downstream inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the inhibition of NLRP3-inflammasome by MCC950 reduced pulmonary artery pressure and improved pulmonary artery remodelling in HFpEF. SIGNIFICANCE The NLRP3-inflammasome plays a considerable role in inflammation and cardiac and pulmonary artery remodelling in HFpEF by activating the cascade reaction of inflammatory cytokines. This study is the first to comprehensively elucidate the role of the NLRP3-inflammasome in HFpEF, and will provide reference for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hanru Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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9
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Guo Q, Miao M, Duan L, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Feng X, Liang S, Xiao W, Zheng M, Wei M, Liu G. The relationship between insulin resistance, serum alkaline phosphatase, and left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17974. [PMID: 37863941 PMCID: PMC10589322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) significantly increases the risk of post-infarction mortality. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is considered to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and adverse outcomes. Furthermore, in recent years, alkaline phosphatase has been associated with insulin resistance (IR). Our aim was to investigate the correlation between IR substitutes (triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio), AP, and LV dysfunction in patients admitted after AMI. The retrospective study included 810 patients who underwent coronary angiography for myocardial infarction at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2018 to December 2021. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their serum AP levels. Clinical characteristics at admission, cardiac echocardiography findings, coronary angiography results, and biochemical markers such as serum AP levels and triglycerides (TG) were recorded during hospitalization. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed using cardiac echocardiography conducted from the time of admission until the coronary angiography procedure. A total of 774 patients with AMI were included in this study. The TyG index is significantly correlated with the TG/HDL-C ratio. (R = 0.739, P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated serum AP (OR 2.598, 95% CI 1.331-5.071, P = 0.005), presence of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery as the infarct-related artery (IRA) (OR 2.452, 95% CI 1.352-4.449, P = 0.003), and triglyceride (TG) levels (OR 0.652, 95% CI 0.429-0.992, P = 0.046) were protective risk factor for an admission LVEF < 40% following AMI. The serum alkaline phosphatase and LAD as IRA are independent risk factors for severe reduction in LVEF during hospitalization for AMI. Conversely, triglyceride are independent protective factor for severe reduction in LVEF during AMI hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Guo
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mengdan Miao
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Linan Duan
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yahui Qiu
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xuejuan Feng
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Shisen Liang
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Heart Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medicical University, 89Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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10
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Hao X, Hua Y, Xie C, Xu H. MiR-21 Participates in Anti-VEGF-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation in RPE Cells. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3047-3056. [PMID: 37869043 PMCID: PMC10588660 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s427894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the role and possible mechanism of miR-21 in anti-VEGF drug-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells, and to seek more therapeutic targets to improve prognosis vision. Methods ARPE-19 cells were exposed to clinical dosage of bevacizumab and miR-21 expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. MiR-21 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into bevacizumab-induced ARPE-19, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and SNAI1 were detected by cell immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Clinical dosage of bevacizumab caused EMT and enhanced miR-21 expression in ARPE-19 cells (P<0.05). The inhibition of miR-21 attenuated the EMT effect of bevacizumab, while overexpression of miR-21 promoted this activity (P<0.05). The SNAI1 was up-regulated by bevacizumab and promotion was partially suppressed by the miR-21 inhibitor and aggravated by the miR-21 mimic (P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-21 promotes bevacizumab-induced EMT in ARPE cells which is significantly positively correlated with SNAI1. MiR-21 might be a potential miRNA-based therapeutic target for reducing bevacizumab-induced subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Hao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Hua
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xu GT, Zhang J. Molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of retinal pigment epithelium. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106250. [PMID: 37536385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among elderly people in developed countries. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of AMD-related vision loss. At present, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is widely used as the first-line therapy to decrease the choroidal and retinal neovascularizations, and thus to improve or maintain the visual acuity of the patients with nAMD. However, about 1/3 patients still progress to irreversible visual impairment due to subretinal fibrosis even with adequate anti-VEGF treatment. Extensive literatures support the critical role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, but the underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown. This review summarized the molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, especially focusing on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT pathways. It was also discussed how these pathways crosstalk and respond to signals from the microenvironment to mediate EMT and contribute to the progression of nAMD-related subretinal fibrosis. Targeting EMT signaling pathways might provide a promising and effective therapeutic strategy to treat subretinal fibrosis secondary to nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Gilham D, Wasiak S, Rakai BD, Fu L, Tsujikawa LM, Sarsons CD, Carestia A, Lebioda K, Johansson JO, Sweeney M, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kulikowski E. Apabetalone Downregulates Fibrotic, Inflammatory and Calcific Processes in Renal Mesangial Cells and Patients with Renal Impairment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1663. [PMID: 37371758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in transcriptional programs driving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Apabetalone is an orally available inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, which are epigenetic readers that modulate gene expression. In the phase 3 BETonMACE trial, apabetalone reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) by 50% in the CKD subpopulation, indicating favorable effects along the kidney-heart axis. Activation of human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) to a contractile phenotype that overproduces extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammatory cytokines, and promotes calcification, frequently accompanies CKD to drive pathology. Here, we show apabetalone downregulated HRMC activation with TGF-β1 stimulation by suppressing TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, α-SMA assembly into stress fibers, enhanced contraction, collagen overproduction, and expression of key drivers of fibrosis, inflammation, or calcification including thrombospondin, fibronectin, periostin, SPARC, interleukin 6, and alkaline phosphatase. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of inflammatory genes IL6, IL1B, and PTGS2 was also suppressed. Transcriptomics confirmed apabetalone affected gene sets of ECM remodeling and integrins. Clinical translation of in vitro results was indicated in CKD patients where a single dose of apabetalone reduced plasma levels of key pro-fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and indicated inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling. While plasma proteins cannot be traced to the kidney alone, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of apabetalone identified in this study are consistent with the observed decrease in cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | | | - Agostina Carestia
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lebioda
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
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13
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Song X, Cui Y, Zhu T. MicroRNA-19 upregulation attenuates cardiac fibrosis via targeting connective tissue growth factor. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:375-385. [PMID: 36539014 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the role of microRNA (miR)-19 in aging-related heart failure. The present study aimed to verify the effects of miR-19 on cardiac fibrosis and its target. METHODS Cardiac fibrosis was induced by myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure and angiotensin (Ang) II-treated rats in vivo, and was induced in Ang II-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in vitro. RESULTS The expression of miR-19 was reduced in the heart tissue of MI and Ang II-treated rats, and Ang II-treated CFs. The impaired cardiac function in rats was repaired after miR-19 administration. The levels of collagen I, collagen III and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) increased in the heart tissue of MI and Ang II-treated rats, and Ang II-treated CFs. These increases were reversed by miR-19 agomiR. Moreover, the bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was a direct target of miR-19. MiR-19 treatment inhibited CTGF expression in CFs, while CTGF overexpression inhibited miR-19 agomiR to attenuate the Ang II-induced increases of collagen I and collagen III in CFs. The increases of p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38 in the CFs induced by Ang II were repressed by miR-19 agomiR. CONCLUSIONS Upregulating miR-19 can improve cardiac function and attenuate cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the CTGF and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, 31 Jinan Road, Dongying 257034, China
| | - Yuqiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, 31 Jinan Road, Dongying 257034, China
| | - Teng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, 31 Jinan Road, Dongying 257034, China.
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14
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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Li P, Wang K, Yin J, Qi L, Hu H, Yang P, Shi Y, Li Y, Feng M, Lyu H, Ge W, Li X, Yan S. lncRNA LOC100911717-targeting GAP43-mediated sympathetic remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1019435. [PMID: 36684596 PMCID: PMC9859628 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1019435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sympathetic remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD). M1-type macrophages are closely associated with inflammation and sympathetic remodeling after MI. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for the regulation of cardiovascular disease development. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the lncRNAs involved in MI and reveal a possible regulatory mechanism. Methods and results M0- and M1-type macrophages were selected for sequencing and screened for differentially expressed lncRNAs. The data revealed that lncRNA LOC100911717 was upregulated in M1-type macrophages but not in M0-type macrophages. In addition, the lncRNA LOC100911717 was upregulated in heart tissues after MI. Furthermore, an RNA pull-down assay revealed that lncRNA LOC100911717 could interact with growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43). Essentially, immunofluorescence assays and programmed electrical stimulation demonstrated that GAP43 expression was suppressed and VA incidence was reduced after lncRNA LOC100911717 knockdown in rat hearts using an adeno-associated virus. Conclusions We observed a novel relationship between lncRNA LOC100911717 and GAP43. After MI, lncRNA LOC100911717 was upregulated and GAP43 expression was enhanced, thus increasing the extent of sympathetic remodeling and the frequency of VA events. Consequently, silencing lncRNA LOC100911717 could reduce sympathetic remodeling and VAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Peijin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hangji Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weili Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Suhua Yan ✉
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16
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Alkaline Phosphatase: An Old Friend as Treatment Target for Cardiovascular and Mineral Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102124. [PMID: 35631265 PMCID: PMC9144546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an evolutionary conserved enzyme and widely used biomarker in clinical practice. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is one of four human isozymes that are expressed as distinct TNALP isoforms after posttranslational modifications, mainly in bone, liver, and kidney tissues. Beyond the well-known effects on bone mineralization, the bone ALP (BALP) isoforms (B/I, B1, B1x, and B2) are also involved in the pathogenesis of ectopic calcification. This narrative review summarizes the recent clinical investigations and mechanisms that link ALP and BALP to inflammation, metabolic syndrome, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. The association between ALP, vitamin K, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also discussed. Recent advances in different pharmacological strategies are highlighted, with the potential to modulate the expression of ALP directly and indirectly in CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), e.g., epigenetic modulation, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, vitamin D, and other anti-fracture treatments. We conclude that the significant evidence for ALP as a pathogenic factor and risk marker in CKD-MBD supports the inclusion of concrete treatment targets for ALP in clinical guidelines. While a target value below 120 U/L is associated with improved survival, further experimental and clinical research should explore interventional strategies with optimal risk–benefit profiles. The future holds great promise for novel drug therapies modulating ALP.
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17
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Cakir SN, Whitehead KM, Hendricks HKL, de Castro Brás LE. Novel Techniques Targeting Fibroblasts after Ischemic Heart Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030402. [PMID: 35159212 PMCID: PMC8834471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The great plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts allows them to respond quickly to myocardial injury and to contribute to the subsequent cardiac remodeling. Being the most abundant cell type (in numbers) in the heart, and a key participant in the several phases of tissue healing, the cardiac fibroblast is an excellent target for treating cardiac diseases. The development of cardiac fibroblast-specific approaches have, however, been difficult due to the lack of cellular specific markers. The development of genetic lineage tracing tools and Cre-recombinant transgenics has led to a huge acceleration in cardiac fibroblast research. Additionally, the use of novel targeted delivery approaches like nanoparticles and modified adenoviruses, has allowed researchers to define the developmental origin of cardiac fibroblasts, elucidate their differentiation pathways, and functional mechanisms in cardiac injury and disease. In this review, we will first characterize the roles of fibroblasts in the different stages of cardiac repair and then examine novel techniques targeting fibroblasts post-ischemic heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin N Cakir
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Hanifah K L Hendricks
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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18
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Zhu YC, Liang B, Gu N. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Ventricular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:753095. [PMID: 34926607 PMCID: PMC8671630 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.753095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, immune system, and various cytokines involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell signal regulation. Accumulated studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can significantly inhibit the process of ventricular remodeling, which may be related to the mechanism mentioned above. Here, we conducted a system overview to critically review the cellular and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on ventricular remodeling. We mainly searched PubMed for basic research about the anti-ventricular remodeling of traditional Chinese medicine in 5 recent years, and then objectively summarized these researches. We included more than 25 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Qi-Li-Qian-Xin, Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi Pill, Xin-Ji-Er-Kang Formula, and Yi-Qi-Wen-Yang Decoction, and found that they can inhibit ventricular remodeling effectively through multi-components and multi-action targets, which are promoting the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Sekaran S, Vimalraj S, Thangavelu L. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase beyond Mineralization. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1564. [PMID: 34827562 PMCID: PMC8615537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key enzyme responsible for skeletal tissue mineralization. It is involved in the dephosphorylation of various physiological substrates, and has vital physiological functions, including extra-skeletal functions, such as neuronal development, detoxification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an anti-inflammatory role, bile pH regulation, and the maintenance of the blood brain barrier (BBB). TNAP is also implicated in ectopic pathological calcification of soft tissues, especially the vasculature. Although it is the crucial enzyme in mineralization of skeletal and dental tissues, it is a logical clinical target to attenuate vascular calcification. Various tools and studies have been developed to inhibit its activity to arrest soft tissue mineralization. However, we should not neglect its other physiological functions prior to therapies targeting TNAP. Therefore, a better understanding into the mechanisms mediated by TNAP is needed for minimizing off targeted effects and aid in the betterment of various pathological scenarios. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of mineralization and functions of TNAP beyond its primary role of hard tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
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20
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Dixon IMC. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP): A player in post-MI cardiac fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103430. [PMID: 34134085 PMCID: PMC8213913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.
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