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Li R, Feng L, Liang Y, Gao J, Yang W. A new flame‐retardant medium density fiberboard with no formaldehyde release: Wood fiber cell walls template zeolite via in situ thermocompression. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China
| | - Lifei Feng
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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Kadoglou NPE, Papadopoulos CH, Papadopoulos KG, Karagiannis S, Karabinos I, Loizos S, Theodosis-Georgilas A, Aggeli K, Keramida K, Klettas D, Kounas S, Makavos G, Ninios I, Ntalas I, Ikonomidis I, Sahpekidis V, Stefanidis A, Zaglavara T, Athanasopoulos G, Karatasakis G, Kyrzopoulos S, Kouris N, Patrianakos A, Paraskevaidis I, Rallidis L, Savvatis K, Tsiapras D, Nihoyannopoulos P. Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: an expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 64:30-57. [PMID: 34329766 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established and valid technique, widely-used for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases. This statement of the Echocardiography Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology summarizes the consensus of the writing group regarding the applications of SE, based on the expertise of their members and on a critical review of current medical literature. The main objectives of the consensus document include a comprehensive review of SE methodology and training, focusing on the preparation, the protocols used and the analysis of the SE images and an updated, evidence-based knowledge about SE applications on ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases, such as in cardiomyopathies, heart failure and valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Konstantina Aggeli
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George Makavos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Sotiria University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Ninios
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George Karatasakis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Kouris
- Cardiology Department, Thriasio Hospital, Elefsina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsiapras
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- Metropolitan Hospital Center, Piraeus, Greece; Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Left Ventricular Strain and Strain Rate during Submaximal Semisupine Bicycle Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Protocol and Reference Values. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:848-857.e1. [PMID: 32122743 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combining stress echocardiography with strain analysis is a promising approach for early detection of subclinical cardiac dysfunction not apparent at rest. Data on normal myocardial strain and strain rate (SR) response to exercise in adolescents and young adults are contradictory and limited. The aim of this study was to propose a standardized protocol for semisupine bicycle stress echocardiography and to provide corresponding reference values of left ventricular (LV) two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) strain and SR in adolescents and young adults. METHODS Fifty healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age, 17.8 ± 3.2 years, 44% female) were prospectively assessed. Images were acquired at rest, low stress, submaximal stress, and during recovery. Optimal image quality for offline strain analysis was pursued, and image quality was rated. Global longitudinal strain and SR from apical four-/two-/three-chamber views and short-axis circumferential strain and SR were analyzed using vendor-independent software. Interobserver variability was assessed. RESULTS Strain and SR increased during progressive exercise stress. Mean LV global longitudinal strain was -20.4% ± 1.3%, SR -1.1 ± 0.15/sec at rest (heart rate, 79.4 ± 12.0 beats/minute), increasing to -22.6% ± 1.6% and -1.5 ± 0.16/sec at low stress level (heart rate, 117.1 ± 8.7 beats/minute) and -23.7% ± 1.1% and -1.9 ± 0.29/sec at submaximal stress level (heart rate, 154.2 ± 7.0 beats/minute), respectively, returning to -20.6% ± 1.4% and -1.2 ± 0.16/sec postexercise (heart rate, 90.1 ± 9.4 beats/minute). Restriction on submaximal stress level ensured adequate image quality for 2D STE strain analysis. Interobserver variability for strain was acceptable even during submaximal stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a systematic, standardized protocol and corresponding reference data for 2D LV STE-derived strain and SR during semisupine bicycle exercise testing in adolescents and young adults. According to our results, global longitudinal strain and SR appear to be the most comprehensible parameters for cross-sectional studies.
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Pellikka PA, Arruda-Olson A, Chaudhry FA, Chen MH, Marshall JE, Porter TR, Sawada SG. Guidelines for Performance, Interpretation, and Application of Stress Echocardiography in Ischemic Heart Disease: From the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1-41.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cifra B, Chen CK, Fan CPS, Slorach C, Manlhiot C, McCrindle BW, Dragulescu A, Redington AN, Friedberg MK, Nathan PC, Mertens L. Dynamic Myocardial Response to Exercise in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated with Anthracyclines. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 31:933-942. [PMID: 29615292 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracycline cardiotoxicity can cause significant long-term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), but many CCS do not manifest clinical symptoms until adulthood. The aims of this study were to characterize the dynamic myocardial response to exercise of CCS at long-term follow-up by combining semisupine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography with myocardial imaging techniques and to establish whether semisupine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography could identify CCS with abnormal exercise response. METHODS This was a single-center prospective cross-sectional study. One hundred CCS and 51 control subjects underwent semisupine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography. Color Doppler tissue imaging peak systolic (s') and diastolic (e') velocities, myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction, and longitudinal strain were measured at rest and at incremental heart rates in the left ventricular (LV) lateral wall, basal septum, and right ventricle. The relationship with increasing heart rate was evaluated for each parameter by plotting the values against heart rate at each stage of exercise. Kernel density estimate was used to establish the normality of the individual CCS exercise responses. RESULTS At rest, no significant differences were found for LV lateral wall, right ventricular (RV), and basal septal systolic and diastolic velocities between CCS and control subjects. Only septal e' was lower in CCS. LV longitudinal strain was similar between groups, while RV longitudinal strain was lower in CCS. At peak exercise, LV lateral wall, RV, and septal s' were not different between groups, while e' were significantly lower in CCS. LV lateral wall and septal isovolumic acceleration were also reduced in CCS. LV longitudinal strain was different between groups, while RV longitudinal strain was similar. The dynamic response of Doppler tissue imaging velocities, isovolumic acceleration, and strain was similar between CCS and control subjects. Kernel density estimate analysis confirmed that most CCS responses were within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS At 10-year follow-up, anthracycline-treated CCS with normal baseline ejection fractions have LV and RV systolic and diastolic myocardial exercise response comparable with that of control subjects. Minor differences were observed between CCS and control subjects at rest and at peak exercise, but the dynamic response is within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cifra
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Cardiology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chun-Po S Fan
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Slorach
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Dragulescu
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Global Deformation Parameters Response to Exercise in Adolescents with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:362-367. [PMID: 27878628 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise stress echocardiography is rarely used in the follow-up of children with congenital heart disease following surgical repair. There are no data on global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) during exercise in adolescents with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate GLS and GCS using speckle tracking two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-STE) at rest and during exercise in adolescents with repaired TOF. Twenty patients with repaired TOF and 20 controls were included. The subjects exercised on a semi-supine cycle ergometer using a two-staged 3-min step protocol of 20-40 W at 60-75 rpm. Exercise images with 2D-STE measurements were available for all 40 subjects. In the study group, the GLS values changed significantly between the baseline and third and sixth minute of exercise (-18.10 ± 2.20, -16.23 ± 4.47, -14.22 ± 2.63, respectively, p < 001). GCS did not vary significantly from baseline to end of the exercise testing (-17.49 ± 5.14, -17.15 ± 9.20, -15.66 ± 3.59, respectively, p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the Stage I longitudinal strain values of the study and control groups (-14.26 ± 9.13 and -20.22 ± 2.88, respectively, p = 0.02) but no significant difference between the Stage II values of these groups (-14.22 ± 2.63 and -15.11 ± 2.45, respectively, p > 0.05). The results revealed significant changes in GLS during exercise in patients with repaired TOF. Data gathered from deformation analysis of 2D-STE during exercise testing can enhance the ability to detect subtle ventricular dysfunction in the follow-up of children with repaired TOF.
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Cifra B, Mertens L, Mirkhani M, Slorach C, Hui W, Manlhiot C, Friedberg MK, Dragulescu A. Systolic and Diastolic Myocardial Response to Exercise in a Healthy Pediatric Cohort. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:648-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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