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Girón-Pérez DA, Espinoza-Gonzalez HD, Murillo Cisneros JA, Covantes-Rosales CE, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Barcelos-García RG, Benitez-Trinidad AB, Girón-Pérez MI. Diazoxon exposure increases susceptibility to infection by Salmonella Typhimurium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38842028 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2363475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Various exogenous factors, such as microbiological and chemical contamination condition food security. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is the cause of salmonellosis. This bacterium utilizes phagocytosis to create bacterial reservoirs. On the other hand, exposure to chemical contaminants, such as pesticides, increases susceptibility to numerous infections. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of co-exposure to diazoxon and S. Typhimurium on the in vitro infection dynamics. For this purpose, human mononuclear cells were pre-exposed in vitro to diazoxon and then challenged with S. Typhimurium at 1, 8, and 24 h. Bacterial internalization, actin polymerization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. Obtained data show that mononuclear cells previously exposed to diazoxon exhibit greater internalization of S. Typhimurium. Likewise, greater ROS production and an increase in actin polymerization were observed. Therefore, in the proposed scenario, obtained data suggest that co-exposure to diazoxon and S. Typhimurium increases susceptibility to acquiring an illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alma Betsaida Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
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Phenotypic characterization and genome analysis of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium phage having unique tail fiber genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5732. [PMID: 35388062 PMCID: PMC8986868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing occasional outbreaks of enteric infections in humans. Salmonella has one of the largest pools of temperate phages in its genome that possess evolutionary significance for pathogen. In this study, we characterized a novel temperate phage Salmonella phage BIS20 (BIS20) with unique tail fiber genes. It belongs to the subfamily Peduovirinae genus Eganvirus and infects Salmonella Typhimurium strain (SE-BS17; Acc. NO MZ503545) of poultry origin. Phage BIS20 was viable only at biological pH and temperature ranges (pH7 and 37 °C). Despite being temperate BIS20 significantly slowed down the growth of host strain for 24 h as compared to control (P < 0.009). Phage BIS20 features 29,477-base pair (bp) linear DNA genome with 53% GC content and encodes for 37 putative ORFs. These ORFs have mosaic arrangement as indicated by its ORF similarity to various phages and prophages in NCBI. Genome analysis indicates its similarity to Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg prophage (SEStP) sequence (Nucleotide similarity 87.7%) and Escherichia virus 186 (~ 82.4% nucleotide similarity). Capsid genes were conserved however those associated with tail fiber formation and assembly were unique to all members of genus Eganvirus. We found strong evidence of recombination hotspot in tail fiber gene. Our study identifies BIS20 as a new species of genus Eganvirus temperate phages as its maximum nucleotide similarity is 82.4% with any phage in NCBI. Our findings may contribute to understanding of origin of new temperate phages.
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Martínez-Avilés M, Garrido-Estepa M, Álvarez J, de la Torre A. Salmonella Surveillance Systems in Swine and Humans in Spain: A Review. Vet Sci 2019; 6:E20. [PMID: 30791671 PMCID: PMC6466228 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoid salmonellosis is a common and problematic foodborne zoonotic disease in which pork and pork products can be an important potential source of infection. To prevent this disease, important efforts to monitor the situation in the main source, livestock, are conducted in most developed countries. In the European Union, European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) compile information at the member-state level, even though important differences in production systems and surveillance systems exist. Here, Salmonella surveillance systems in one of the main sources of foodborne salmonellosis, swine, and humans in Spain were reviewed to identify potential gaps and discuss potential ways of integration under a "One-Health" approach. Despite the extensive information generated through the surveillance activities, source attribution can be only routinely performed through ad-hoc outbreak investigations, and national reports on human outbreaks do not provide sufficiently detailed information to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of the pathogen. Human and animal monitoring of Salmonella would benefit from a better exchange of information and collaboration. Analysis of spatio-temporal trends in livestock and humans could help to identify likely sources of infection and to target surveillance efforts in areas with higher prevalence or where specific strains are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Avilés
- Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Valdeolmos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Garrido-Estepa
- Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Valdeolmos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana de la Torre
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Comparison of sporadic cases of Salmonella Typhimurium with other Salmonella serotypes in Castellon (Spain): case-case study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:478-483. [PMID: 28993063 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella infections (SI) are common in Spain. The aim of this study was to appraise risk factors and the clinical characteristics of sporadic Salmonella Typhimurium infections compared with other sporadic salmonella serotype infections (OSI). METHODS From September 2014 to August 2015, a case-case study was carried out by the Epidemiology Division of the Public Health Centre of Castellon. Case 1 consisted of patients with sporadic S. Typhimurium infections, while case 2 comprised OSI patients, assessed according to the stool cultures analyzed by the Microbiology Laboratories of Hospital General de Castellon and Hospital de La Plana in Vila-real. Patients from detected outbreaks were not included. The salmonella serotype was identified by the National Centre of Microbiology (Madrid). RESULTS The total number of SI patients reported was 327, 242 of whom were studied (74.0%). 148 patients had sporadic S. Typhimurium infection and 64 had OSI, with median ages of 4 and 8.5 years, respectively. Sporadic S. Typhimurium infection patients presented more blood in feces and diarrhea episodes. Consumption of pork meat (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.12-4.43), cold pork meats (OR=2.49; 95% CI 1.32-4.68) and playing in the dirt (OR=3.02; 95% CI 1.55-5.88), were associated with sporadic S. Typhimurium infection. In the 0-4 year-old group, the associated factors were consumption of cold pork meats, omelets and female gender. In the 5-year-old and over group, only playing in soil was associated with sporadic S. Typhimurium infection. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of pork and omelets, as well as playing in the dirt, were the main factors associated with infection. Children were most affected by sporadic S. Typhimurium infection.
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