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Yao S, Zhou X, Gu M, Zhang C, Bartsch O, Vona B, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. FGFR1 variants contributed to families with tooth agenesis. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:93. [PMID: 37833774 PMCID: PMC10576343 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a common dental anomaly that can substantially affect both the ability to chew and the esthetic appearance of patients. This study aims to identify possible genetic factors that underlie various forms of tooth agenesis and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms through which human dental pulp stem cells may play a role in this condition. RESULTS Using whole-exome sequencing of a Han Chinese family with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, a rare mutation in FGFR1 (NM_001174063.2: c.103G > A, p.Gly35Arg) was identified as causative and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Via GeneMatcher, another family with a known variant (NM_001174063.2: c.1859G > A, p.Arg620Gln) was identified and diagnosed with tooth agenesis and a rare genetic disorder with considerable intrafamilial variability. Fgfr1 is enriched in the ectoderm during early embryonic development of mice and showed sustained low expression during normal embryonic development of Xenopus laevis frogs. Functional studies of the highly conserved missense variant c.103G > A showed deleterious effects. FGFR1 (c.103G > A) was overexpressed compared to wildtype and promoted proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis in HEK293 and human dental pulp stem cells. Moreover, the c.103G > A variant was found to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The variant could downregulate ID4 expression and deactivate the TGF-beta signaling pathway by promoting the expression of SMAD6 and SMAD7. CONCLUSION Our research broadens the mutation spectrum associated with tooth agenesis and enhances understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou City, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in odontogenesis-related genes associated with tooth-size discrepancy. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoj-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RUNX2, SMAD6, BMP2, and BMP4 genes in relation to tooth-size discrepancy (TSD).
Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment measured the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth from pretreatment dental casts. Sixty-two patients were included in the study and TSD was assessed according to the Bolton analysis. The patients were allocated into a control group (without a TSD), an anterior excess group and an overall excess group. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and SNPs previously associated with tooth size were evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system. The Fisher exact test was performed to compare genotype and allele frequencies at an α = 0.05. An Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated.
Results: The rs59983488 SNP in the RUNX2 gene was significantly related to the presence of anterior mandibular tooth-size excess in allele (T allele: p<0.001; OR = 11.74; 95% CI =2.61–55.80), and genotype models (GT genotype: p = 0.002; OR = 12.69; 95% CI = 2.47–64.83). The rs3934908 SNP in the SMAD6 gene was significantly associated with the presence of an overall maxillary tooth-size excess in allele (T allele: p < 0.001) and genotype models (TT genotype: p = 0.010).
Conclusion: The present results suggest that SNPs in RUNX2 (rs59983488) and SMAD6 (rs3934908) genes may be associated with the presence of tooth-size excess.
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3
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Nouara F, Amalou G, Bouzidi A, Charif M, Charoute H, Lenaers G, El Arabi S, Bousfiha B, Barakat A. First characterization of LTBP3 variants in two Moroccan families with hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Mitra MS, Lancaster K, Adedeji AO, Palanisamy GS, Dave RA, Zhong F, Holdren MS, Turley SJ, Liang WC, Wu Y, Meng YG, Vernes JM, Schutten MM. A Potent Pan-TGFβ Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Elicits Cardiovascular Toxicity in Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:24-34. [PMID: 32077954 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has been recently shown to reduce antitumor response to PD-L1 blockade, leading to a renewed enthusiasm in developing anti-TGFβ therapies for potential combination with cancer immunotherapy agents. Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in nonclinical toxicology species is associated with serious adverse toxicities including cardiac valvulopathies and anemia. Previously, cardiovascular toxicities have been thought to be limited to small molecule inhibitors of TGFβ receptor and not considered to be a liability associated with pan-TGFβ neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we report the toxicity findings associated with a potent pan-TGFβ neutralizing mAb (pan-TGFβ mAb; neutralizes TGFβ1, 2, and 3) after 5 weekly intravenous doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, followed by a 4-week recovery period, in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Mortality was observed due to acute bleeding and cardiovascular toxicity in mice at ≥ 30 mg/kg and prolonged menstruation in female monkeys at 100 mg/kg. Additional findings considered to be on-target exaggerated pharmacology included generalized bleeding and cardiovascular toxicity in mice and monkeys; histopathologic changes in the teeth, tongue, and skin in mice; and abnormal wound healing and microscopic pathology in the bone in monkeys. Importantly, our data indicate that the cardiovascular toxicities associated with the inhibition of TGFβ signaling are not limited to small molecule inhibitors but are also observed following administration of a potent pan-TGFβ inhibiting mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur S Mitra
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | | | | | - Rutwij A Dave
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | | | | | - Yan Wu
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Y Gloria Meng
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
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5
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Moon JS, Nam YS, Kang JH, Yang DW, Kim DY, Lee SY, Ko HM, Kim MS, Kim SH. Regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in odontogenic mineralization in rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:63-75. [PMID: 33141361 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Much information is currently available for molecules in early odontogenesis, but there is limited knowledge regarding terminal cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts for the determination of normal crown morphology. The present differential display PCR (DD-PCR) revealed that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) was differentially expressed in molar tooth germs between the cap (before crown mineralization) and root formation (after crown mineralization) stages. Real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of IGFBP1-4 were not significantly changed but those of IGFBP5-7 were upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Immunoreactivities for IGFBP5-7 were hardly seen in molar germs at the cap/early bell stage and protective-stage ameloblasts at the root formation stage. However, the reactivity was strong in odontoblasts and maturation-stage ameloblasts, which are morphologically and functionally characterized by wide intercellular space and active enamel matrix mineralization. The localization of each IGFBP was temporospatial. IGFBP5 was localized in the nuclei of fully differentiated odontoblasts and ameloblasts, while IGFBP6 was localized in the apical cytoplasm of ameloblasts and odontoblasts with dentinal tubules, and IGFBP7 was mainly found in the whole cytoplasm of odontoblasts and the intercellular space of ameloblasts. IGFBP silencing using specific siRNAs upregulated representative genes for dentinogenesis and amelogenesis, such as DMP1 and amelogenin, respectively, and augmented the differentiation media-induced mineralization, which was confirmed by alizarin red s and alkaline phosphatase staining. These results suggest that IGFBP5-7 may play independent and redundant regulatory roles in late-stage odontogenesis by modulating the functional differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Moon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sung Nam
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Bao Z, Zhao B, Hu S, Yang N, Liu M, Li J, Liang S, Zhou T, Chen Y, Wu X. Characterization and functional analysis of SMAD2 regulation in hair follicle cycle in Angora rabbits. Gene 2020; 770:145339. [PMID: 33333220 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) development is characterized by periodic growth cycles regulated by numerous factors. We previously showed that SMAD2 might be involved in the HF growth cycle in Angora rabbits. However, its extra role in the HF growth and development remains obscure. In this study, we cloned the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the Angora rabbit SMAD2 gene. Within SMAD2 CDS, we identified the open reading frame (ORF) had a length of 1314 bp and encoding 437 amino acids. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the SMAD2 protein is unstable and hydrophilic, and predominatelylocalizesin the cell nucleus. We identified that SMAD2 expression was elevated in the telogen phase of the during HF cycle. The knockdown and overexpression of SMAD2 could regulate HF growth and development related genes, such as WNT2, FGF2, and LEF1.Furthermore, SMAD2 may upregulate TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes, including TFDP1, E2F4, and RBL1. In conclusion, our results indicate that SMAD2 plays a vital role in HF development by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 South University Ave., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, PR China
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7
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Liu Z, Chen T, Bai D, Tian W, Chen Y. Smad7 Regulates Dental Epithelial Proliferation during Tooth Development. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1376-1385. [PMID: 31499015 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth morphogenesis involves dynamic changes in shape and size as it proceeds through the bud, cap, and bell stages. This process requires exact regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Smad7, a general antagonist against transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, is necessary for maintaining homeostasis and proper functionality in many organs. While TGF-β signaling is widely involved in tooth morphogenesis, the precise role of Smad7 in tooth development remains unknown. In this study, we showed that Smad7 is expressed in the developing mouse molars with a high level in the dental epithelium but a moderate to weak level in the dental mesenchyme. Smad7 deficiency led to a profound decrease in tooth size primarily due to a severely compromised cell proliferation capability in the dental epithelium. Consistent with the tooth shrinkage phenotype, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Smad7 ablation downregulated genes referred to epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S phase transition, whereas the upregulated genes were involved in responding to TGF-β signaling and cell cycle arrest. Among these genes, the expression of Cdkn1a (encoding p21), a negative cell proliferation regulator, was remarkably elevated in parallel with the diminution of Ccnd1 encoding the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 in the dental epithelium. Meanwhile, the expression level of p-Smad2/3 was ectopically elevated in the developing tooth germ of Smad7 null mice, indicating the hyperactivation of the canonical TGF-β signaling. These effects were reversed by addition of TGF-β signaling inhibitor in cell cultures of Smad7-/- molar tooth germs, with rescued expression of cyclin D1 and cell proliferation rate. In sum, our studies demonstrate that Smad7 functions primarily as a positive regulator of cell proliferation via inhibition of the canonical TGF-β signaling during dental epithelium development and highlight a crucial role for Smad7 in regulating tooth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - T Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - D Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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8
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Amelogenic transcriptome profiling in ameloblast-like cells derived from adult gingival epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3736. [PMID: 30842534 PMCID: PMC6403286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is the highly mineralized tissue covering the tooth surface and is formed by ameloblasts. Ameloblasts have been known to be impossible to detect in adult tooth because they are shed by apoptosis during enamel maturation and tooth eruption. Owing to these, little was known about appropriate cell surface markers to isolate ameloblast-like cells in tissues. To overcome these problems, epithelial cells were selectively cultivated from the gingival tissues and used as a stem cell source for ameloblastic differentiation. When gingival epithelial cells were treated with a specified concentration of BMP2, BMP4, and TGFβ-1, the expression of ameloblast-specific markers was increased, and both the MAPK and Smad signaling pathways were activated. Gingival epithelial cells differentiated into ameloblast-like cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. By RNA-Seq analysis, we reported 20 ameloblast-specific genes associated with cell surface, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix function. These cell surface markers might be useful for the detection and isolation of ameloblast-like cells from dental tissues.
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9
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Widelitz RB, Lin GW, Lai YC, Mayer JA, Tang PC, Cheng HC, Jiang TX, Chen CF, Chuong CM. Morpho-regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone-dependent morpho-regulatory modules. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:124-138. [PMID: 30569461 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many animals can change the size, shape, texture and color of their regenerated coats in response to different ages, sexes, or seasonal environmental changes. Here, we propose that the feather core branching morphogenesis module can be regulated by sex hormones or other environmental factors to change feather forms, textures or colors, thus generating a large spectrum of complexity for adaptation. We use sexual dimorphisms of the chicken to explore the role of hormones. A long-standing question is whether the sex-dependent feather morphologies are autonomously controlled by the male or female cell types, or extrinsically controlled and reversible. We have recently identified core feather branching molecular modules which control the anterior-posterior (bone morphogenetic orotein [BMP], Wnt gradient), medio-lateral (Retinoic signaling, Gremlin), and proximo-distal (Sprouty, BMP) patterning of feathers. We hypothesize that morpho-regulation, through quantitative modulation of existing parameters, can act on core branching modules to topologically tune the dimension of each parameter during morphogenesis and regeneration. Here, we explore the involvement of hormones in generating sexual dimorphisms using exogenously delivered hormones. Our strategy is to mimic male androgen levels by applying exogenous dihydrotestosterone and aromatase inhibitors to adult females and to mimic female estradiol levels by injecting exogenous estradiol to adult males. We also examine differentially expressed genes in the feathers of wildtype male and female chickens to identify potential downstream modifiers of feather morphogenesis. The data show male and female feather morphology and their color patterns can be modified extrinsically through molting and resetting the stem cell niche during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gee-Way Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Julie A Mayer
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Biocept Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Morkmued S, Hemmerle J, Mathieu E, Laugel-Haushalter V, Dabovic B, Rifkin DB, Dollé P, Niederreither K, Bloch-Zupan A. Enamel and dental anomalies in latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 3 mutant mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 125:8-17. [PMID: 28084688 PMCID: PMC5260799 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Latent‐transforming growth factor beta‐binding protein 3 (LTBP‐3) is important for craniofacial morphogenesis and hard tissue mineralization, as it is essential for activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). To investigate the role of LTBP‐3 in tooth formation we performed micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), histology, and scanning electron microscopy analyses of adult Ltbp3‐/‐ mice. The Ltbp3‐/‐ mutants presented with unique craniofacial malformations and reductions in enamel formation that began at the matrix formation stage. Organization of maturation‐stage ameloblasts was severely disrupted. The lateral side of the incisor was affected most. Reduced enamel mineralization, modification of the enamel prism pattern, and enamel nodules were observed throughout the incisors, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Molar roots had internal irregular bulbous‐like formations. The cementum thickness was reduced, and microscopic dentinal tubules showed minor nanostructural changes. Thus, LTBP‐3 is required for ameloblast differentiation and for the formation of decussating enamel prisms, to prevent enamel nodule formation, and for proper root morphogenesis. Also, and consistent with the role of TGF‐β signaling during mineralization, almost all craniofacial bone components were affected in Ltbp3‐/‐ mice, especially those involving the upper jaw and snout. This mouse model demonstrates phenotypic overlap with Verloes Bourguignon syndrome, also caused by mutation of LTBP3, which is hallmarked by craniofacial anomalies and amelogenesis imperfecta phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawich Morkmued
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Joseph Hemmerle
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel B Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascal Dollé
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Sterile Inflammation Enhances ECM Degradation in Integrin β1 KO Embryonic Skin. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3334-3347. [PMID: 27653694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal knockout of integrin β1 results in complete disorganization of the basement membrane (BM), resulting in neonatal lethality. Here, we report that this disorganization is exacerbated by an early embryonic inflammatory response involving the recruitment of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages to the dermal-epidermal junction, associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase activity. Remarkably, the skin barrier in the integrin β1 knockout animals is intact, suggesting that this inflammatory response is initiated in a sterile environment. We demonstrate that the molecular mechanism involves de novo expression of integrin αvβ6 in the basal epidermal cells, which activates a TGF-β1 driven inflammatory cascade resulting in upregulation of dermal NF-κB in a Tenascin C-dependent manner. Importantly, treatment of β1 KO embryos in utero with small molecule inhibitors of TGF-βR1 and NF-κB results in marked rescue of the BM defects and amelioration of immune response, revealing an unconventional immuno-protective role for integrin β1 during BM remodeling.
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Kahata K, Dadras MS, Moustakas A. TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022194. [PMID: 28246184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exist in the animal body since the onset of embryonic development; they generate tissue barriers and specify organs and glands. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), epithelia generate mesenchymal cells that form new tissues and promote healing or disease manifestation when epithelial homeostasis is challenged physiologically or pathologically. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial differentiation. These TGF-β family ligands are expressed and secreted at sites where the epithelium interacts with the mesenchyme and provide paracrine queues from the mesenchyme to the neighboring epithelium, helping the specification of differentiated epithelial cell types within an organ. TGF-β ligands signal via Smads and cooperating kinase pathways and control the expression or activities of key transcription factors that promote either epithelial differentiation or mesenchymal transitions. In this review, we discuss evidence that illustrates how TGF-β family ligands contribute to epithelial differentiation and induce mesenchymal transitions, by focusing on the embryonic ectoderm and tissues that form the external mammalian body lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shahidi Dadras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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LGR4 is required for sequential molar development. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:174-183. [PMID: 28955954 PMCID: PMC5613770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development requires proliferation, differentiation, and specific migration of dental epithelial cells, through well-organized signaling interactions with mesenchymal cells. Recently, it has been reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), the receptor of R-spondins, is expressed in many epithelial cells in various organs and tissues and is essential for organ development and stem cell maintenance. Here, we report that LGR4 contributes to the sequential development of molars in mice. LGR4 expression in dental epithelium was detected in SOX2+ cells in the posterior end of the second molar (M2) and the early tooth germ of the third molar (M3). In keratinocyte-specific Lgr4-deficient mice (Lgr4K5 KO), the developmental defect became obvious by postnatal day 14 (P14) in M3. Lgr4K5 KO adult mice showed complete absence or the dwarfed form of M3. In M3 development in Lgr4K5 KO mice, at Wnt/β-catenin signal activity was down-regulated in the dental epithelium at P3, as indicated by lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) expression. We also confirmed the decrease, in dental epithelium of Lgr4K5 KO mice, of the number of SOX2+ cells and the arrest of cell proliferation at P7, and observed abnormal differentiation at P14. Our data demonstrated that LGR4 controls the sequential development of molars by maintaining SOX2+ cells in the dental epithelium, which have the ability to form normal molars. LGR4 expression was observed in the dental epithelium after birth and moved posteriorly during molar development. Keratin5-Cre Tg specific deletion of Lgr4 impaired the development of the third molar. LGR4 maintained SOX2 positive and proliferative cells in the dental epithelium of molars.
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Li L, Tang Q, Jung HS. The Grooved Rodent Incisor Recapitulates Rudimentary Teeth Characteristics of Ancestral Mammals. J Dent Res 2016; 95:923-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516633153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known from the paleontology studies of eutherian mammals that incisor numbers were reduced during evolution. The evolutionary lost incisors may remain as vestigial structures at embryonic stages. The recapitulation of the incisor patterns among mammalian species will potentially uncover the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic transition of incisors during evolution. Here, we showed that a minute tooth formed in the presumptive groove region of the gerbil upper incisor at the early developmental stages, during which multiple epithelial swellings and Shh transcription domains spatiotemporally appeared in the dental epithelium, suggests the existence of vestigial dental primordia. Interestingly, when we trimmed the surrounding mesenchyme from incisor tooth germs at or before the bud stage prior to ex vivo culture, the explants developed different incisor phenotypes ranging from triplicated incisors, duplicated incisors, to Lagomorpha-like incisors, corresponding to the incisor patterns in the eutherian mammals. These results imply that the phenotypic transition of incisors during evolution, as well as the achievement of ultimate incisors in adults, arose from differential integrations of primordia. However, when the incisor tooth germ was trimmed at the cap stage, a grooved incisor developed similar to the normal condition. Furthermore, the incisor tooth germ developed a small but smooth incisor after the additional removal of the minute tooth and a lateral rudiment. These results suggest that multiple dental primordia integrated before the cap stage, with the labial primordia contributing to the labial face of the functional incisor. The minute tooth that occupied the boundary of the 2 labial primordia might be implicated in the groove formation. This study sheds light on how rudiments incorporate into functional organs and aids the understanding of incisor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Q. Tang
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - H.-S. Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Kubanov AA, Gallyamova YUA, Selezneva OA. Role of peptide growth factors in the rhythm of change hair. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-3-54-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents current data on the role growth factors play in hair physiology. Based on a review of literature, the authors described the role growth factors play for initiating, suppressing the growth and differentiating hair follicles. According to them, each morphologic development stage of hair follicles is characterized by its own factor expression pattern. Referring to experimental and clinical studies, the authors describe the role some growth factors play for mechanisms promoting the development of androgynous and focal alopecia.
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Huckert M, Stoetzel C, Morkmued S, Laugel-Haushalter V, Geoffroy V, Muller J, Clauss F, Prasad MK, Obry F, Raymond JL, Switala M, Alembik Y, Soskin S, Mathieu E, Hemmerlé J, Weickert JL, Dabovic BB, Rifkin DB, Dheedene A, Boudin E, Caluseriu O, Cholette MC, Mcleod R, Antequera R, Gellé MP, Coeuriot JL, Jacquelin LF, Bailleul-Forestier I, Manière MC, Van Hul W, Bertola D, Dollé P, Verloes A, Mortier G, Dollfus H, Bloch-Zupan A. Mutations in the latent TGF-beta binding protein 3 (LTBP3) gene cause brachyolmia with amelogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3038-49. [PMID: 25669657 PMCID: PMC4424950 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited dental malformations constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we report on four families, three of them consanguineous, with an identical phenotype, characterized by significant short stature with brachyolmia and hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) with almost absent enamel. This phenotype was first described in 1996 by Verloes et al. as an autosomal recessive form of brachyolmia associated with AI. Whole-exome sequencing resulted in the identification of recessive hypomorphic mutations including deletion, nonsense and splice mutations, in the LTBP3 gene, which is involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. We further investigated gene expression during mouse development and tooth formation. Differentiated ameloblasts synthesizing enamel matrix proteins and odontoblasts expressed the gene. Study of an available knockout mouse model showed that the mutant mice displayed very thin to absent enamel in both incisors and molars, hereby recapitulating the AI phenotype in the human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Huckert
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, CRMR, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Supawich Morkmued
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, France Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, France Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357, CNRS, LBGI, Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Clauss
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine, Inserm UMR 1109, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, CRMR, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Megana K Prasad
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Obry
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, CRMR, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Louis Raymond
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marzena Switala
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, CRMR, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Génétique Médicale, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Soskin
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Pédiatrie 1, Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Hemmerlé
- Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Weickert
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, France
| | | | - Daniel B Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Cholette
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ross Mcleod
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Paule Gellé
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 rue du Général Koenig, Reims 51100, France Laboratoire EA 4691 'BIOS', 1, rue du Maréchal Juin, Reims 51100, France
| | - Jean-Louis Coeuriot
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 rue du Général Koenig, Reims 51100, France
| | - Louis-Frédéric Jacquelin
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 rue du Général Koenig, Reims 51100, France
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Faculty of Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University, LU51, Pôle Odontologie, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Manière
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, CRMR, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Debora Bertola
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Département de Génétique - Hôpital Robert Debré, CRMR 'Anomalies du Développement & Syndromes Malformatifs', CRMR 'Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares', 48 bd Sérurier, Paris 75019, France
| | - Geert Mortier
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Génétique Médicale, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM UMR 1112, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 11 rue Humann 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Mezadri TJ, Tames DR, Ortolan XR, Armengol JA. Transforming Growth Factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) immunoreactivity in heterotopic grafts of adult dental apical papilla. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2015.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Kiso H, Takahashi K, Saito K, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, Huang B, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y, Economides AN, Slavkin HC, Bessho K. Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (uterine sensitization-associated gene-1) regulate supernumerary organ formations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96938. [PMID: 24816837 PMCID: PMC4016158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are highly conserved signaling molecules that are part of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, and function in the patterning and morphogenesis of many organs including development of the dentition. The functions of the BMPs are controlled by certain classes of molecules that are recognized as BMP antagonists that inhibit BMP binding to their cognate receptors. In this study we tested the hypothesis that USAG-1 (uterine sensitization-associated gene-1) suppresses deciduous incisors by inhibition of BMP-7 function. We learned that USAG-1 and BMP-7 were expressed within odontogenic epithelium as well as mesenchyme during the late bud and early cap stages of tooth development. USAG-1 is a BMP antagonist, and also modulates Wnt signaling. USAG-1 abrogation rescued apoptotic elimination of odontogenic mesenchymal cells. BMP signaling in the rudimentary maxillary incisor, assessed by expressions of Msx1 and Dlx2 and the phosphorylation of Smad protein, was significantly enhanced. Using explant culture and subsequent subrenal capsule transplantation of E15 USAG-1 mutant maxillary incisor tooth primordia supplemented with BMP-7 demonstrated in USAG-1+/- as well as USAG-1-/- rescue and supernumerary tooth development. Based upon these results, we conclude that USAG-1 functions as an antagonist of BMP-7 in this model system. These results further suggest that the phenotypes of USAG-1 and BMP-7 mutant mice reported provide opportunities for regenerative medicine and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Kiso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Togo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Boyen Huang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Translational Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aris N. Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Harold C. Slavkin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Li J, Yang Z, Li Z, Gu L, Wang Y, Sung C. Exogenous IGF-1 promotes hair growth by stimulating cell proliferation and down regulating TGF-β1 in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:89-94. [PMID: 24797500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) increases the growth of cultured hair follicles and plays a role in regulating hair migration during the development of hair follicles in transgenic mice. However, the exogenous effect of IGF-1 on hair growth in wild-type mice has not been reported. In the present study, we examined whether IGF-1 was an important regulator of hair follicle growth in wide-type mice in vivo. DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were injected with different concentrations of IGF-1 on dorsal skin. The treated tissues were analyzed by immunoassay methods for TGF-β1 and BrdU. RESULTS Local injection of IGF-1 increased hair follicle number and prolonged the growing phase during the transition from anagen to telogen. Meanwhile, immunology analyses revealed that IGF-1 also stimulated the proliferation of follicle cells in anagen of the matrix and down regulated TGF-β1 expression in hair follicles. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that IGF-1 is an effective stimulator of hair follicle development in wide-type mice in vivo and may be a promising drug candidate for baldness therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhihong Yang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbo Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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TGF-ß regulates enamel mineralization and maturation through KLK4 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82267. [PMID: 24278477 PMCID: PMC3835418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling plays an important role in regulating crucial biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many of these processes are also an integral part of amelogenesis. In order to delineate a precise role of TGF-ß signaling during amelogenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse line that harbors bovine amelogenin promoter-driven Cre recombinase, and bred this line with TGF-ß receptor II floxed mice to generate ameloblast-specific TGF-ß receptor II conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Histological analysis of the teeth at postnatal day 7 (P7) showed altered enamel matrix composition in the cKO mice as compared to the floxed mice that had enamel similar to the wild-type mice. The µCT and SEM analyses revealed decreased mineral content in the cKO enamel concomitant with increased attrition and thinner enamel crystallites. Although the mRNA levels remained unaltered, immunostaining revealed increased amelogenin, ameloblastin, and enamelin localization in the cKO enamel at the maturation stage. Interestingly, KLK4 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the cKO teeth along with a slight increase in MMP-20 levels, suggesting that normal enamel maturation is regulated by TGF-ß signaling through the expression of KLK4. Thus, our study indicates that TGF-ß signaling plays an important role in ameloblast functions and enamel maturation.
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Yoo HI, Jang SM, Kang JH, Kim MS, Koh JT, Jung JY, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim SH. PrPc is temporospatially expressed in molar development of rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1929-35. [PMID: 24127188 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenesis, tooth development, is derived from two tissue components: ectoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Cyto-differentiation of odontogenic cells during development involves time-dependent and sequential regulation of genetic programs. This study was conducted to detect molecules implicated in cyto-differentiation of developing molar germs of rats. Differential display-PCR revealed that PrP(c) was differentially expressed between cap/early bell-staged germs (maxillary 3rd molar germs) and root formation-staged germs (maxillary 2nd molar germs) at postnatal day 9. Both levels of PrP(c) mRNA and protein expression were higher in the root formation stage than the cap/early bell stage and increased in a time-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence revealed for the first time that PrP(c) was not localized in the enamel organ, but localized in dental follicular cells for the development of the periodontal ligament and cementum as well as odontoblasts, both of which are of neural crest origin. These results suggest that the physiological functions of the PrP(c) in tooth development may be implicated in the differentiation of neural crest-derived mesenchyme including the periodontal tissues for root formation rather than epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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23
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Moura J, da Silva L, Cruz MT, Carvalho E. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of bone morphogenetic proteins and activins in the skin: potential benefits for wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:557-69. [PMID: 23800970 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins are phylogenetically conserved proteins, belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, that signal through the phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad proteins, activating different cell responses. They are involved in various steps of skin morphogenesis and wound repair, as can be evidenced by the fact that their expression is increased in skin injuries. BMPs play not only a role in bone regeneration but are also involved in cartilage, tendon-like tissue and epithelial regeneration, maintain vascular integrity, capillary sprouting, proliferation/migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis, promote neuron and dendrite formation, alter neuropeptide levels and are involved in immune response modulation, at least in animal models. On the other hand, activins are involved in wound repair through the regulation of skin and immune cell migration and differentiation, re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and also promote the expression of collagens by fibroblasts and modulate scar formation. This review aims at enunciating the effects of BMPs and activins in the skin, namely in skin development, as well as in crucial phases of skin wound healing, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and repair, and will focus on the effects of these proteins on skin cells and their signaling pathways, exploring the potential therapeutic approach of the application of BMP-2, BMP-6 and activin A in chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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Role of perlecan, a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in enamel organ morphogenesis. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Shaffer JR, Feingold E, Wang X, Lee M, Tcuenco K, Weeks DE, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil DW, Marazita ML. GWAS of dental caries patterns in the permanent dentition. J Dent Res 2013; 92:38-44. [PMID: 23064961 PMCID: PMC3521449 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512463579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of susceptibility genes in the risk for dental caries has been clearly established. While many candidate caries genes have been proposed, to date, few of them have been rigorously validated through observational and experimental studies. Moreover, most genetic epidemiological studies have analyzed global caries phenotypes that ignore the possibility that genes may exert differential effects across tooth surfaces of the dentition. Therefore, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 5 novel dental caries phenotypes (developed by clustering the permanent dentition into categories of tooth surfaces based on co-occurrence of caries) to nominate new candidate caries genes. GWAS was performed in 920 self-reported white participants, aged 18 to 75 years, with genotype data on 518,997 genetic variants. We identified a significant genetic association between dental caries of the anterior mandibular teeth and LYZL2 (p value = 9e-9), which codes a bacteriolytic agent thought to be involved in host defense. We also identified a significant genetic association between caries of the mid- dentition tooth surfaces and AJAP1 (p value = 2e-8), a gene possibly involved in tooth development. Suggestive genetic associations were also observed for ABCG2, PKD2, the dentin/bone SCPP sub-family, EDNRA, TJFBR1, NKX2-3, IFT88, TWSG1, IL17D, and SMAD7 (p values < 7e-6). We nominate these novel genes for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Yang SY, Jeon SK, Kang JH, Yoo HI, Kim YS, Moon JS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Oh WM, Kim SH. Synaptic vesicle protein 2b is expressed temporospatially in (pre)odontoblasts in developing molars. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:505-12. [PMID: 23167466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of dentin and enamel is initiated by the differentiation of odontogenic precursor cells into odontoblasts and ameloblasts, respectively. This study was performed to identify new molecules involved in the differentiation of odontogenic cells. The genes expressed differentially between the root stage (after the differentiation of odontogenic cells and dental hard-tissue formation) and the cap stage (before the differentiation of odontogenic cells and dental hard-tissue formation) were searched using differential display PCR. For the first time, synaptic vesicle protein (SV) 2b, an important transmembrane transporter of Ca(2+) -stimulated vesicle exocytosis, was identified as a differentially expressed molecule. Real-time PCR and western blotting revealed an increase in the transcriptional and translational levels of SV2b during or after the differentiation of odontogenic cells. Immunofluorescence revealed this molecule to be localized in not only fully differentiated odontoblasts but also in pre-odontoblasts before dentin matrix secretion. The expression pattern of the SV2a isoform was similar to that of the SV2b isoform, whereas the SV2c isoform showed a contrasting pattern of expression. After treatment with alendronate, an inhibitor of protein isoprenylation for the transport of secretory vesicles, the expression of SV2a and SV2b decreased, whereas that of SV2c increased. These results suggest that the SV2 isoforms are functional molecules of (pre)odontoblasts which may be involved in vesicle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, 2nd stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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27
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Han R, Beppu H, Lee YK, Georgopoulos K, Larue L, Li E, Weiner L, Brissette JL. A pair of transmembrane receptors essential for the retention and pigmentation of hair. Genesis 2012; 50:783-800. [PMID: 22611050 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles are simple, accessible models for many developmental processes. Here, using mutant mice, we show that Bmpr2, a known receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps), and Acvr2a, a known receptor for Bmps and activins, are individually redundant but together essential for multiple follicular traits. When Bmpr2/Acvr2a function is reduced in cutaneous epithelium, hair follicles undergo rapid cycles of hair generation and loss. Alopecia results from a failure to terminate hair development properly, as hair clubs never form, and follicular retraction is slowed. Hair regeneration is rapid due to premature activation of new hair-production programs. Hair shafts differentiate aberrantly due to impaired arrest of medullary-cell proliferation. When Bmpr2/Acvr2a function is reduced in melanocytes, gray hair develops, as melanosomes differentiate but fail to grow, resulting in organelle miniaturization. We conclude that Bmpr2 and Acvr2a normally play cell-type-specific, necessary roles in organelle biogenesis and the shutdown of developmental programs and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Han
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Buijs JT, Stayrook KR, Guise TA. The role of TGF-β in bone metastasis: novel therapeutic perspectives. BONEKEY REPORTS 2012; 1:96. [PMID: 23951484 PMCID: PMC3727840 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a preferred site for cancer metastasis. These bone metastases cause dysregulated bone remodeling and the associated morbidity of fractures, pain, hypercalcemia and catastrophic nerve compression syndromes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is stored in mineralized bone matrix, and released and activated by osteoclastic bone resorption. Once activated, TGF-β stimulates nearby metastatic tumor cells within the bone microenvironment to secrete factors that further drive osteolytic destruction of the bone. Therefore, TGF-β and its signaling constitute a critical component driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, additional pro-tumorigenic activities attributed to TGF-β include activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased tumor cell invasion, enhanced angiogenesis and various immunomodulatory properties. Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to interrupt this vicious cycle and manipulate the bone microenvironment offers a promising area for therapeutic intervention to decrease skeletal metastasis and normalize bone homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, preclinical and clinical data are evaluated for the potential use of TGF-β pathway inhibitors in clinical practice to treat bone metastases and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Current addresss: Department of Urology, J3-100, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Keith R Stayrook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Antunes LDS, Küchler EC, Tannure PN, Lotsch PF, Costa MDC, Gouvêa CVD, Olej B, Granjeiro JM. TGFB3 and BMP4 polymorphism are associated with isolated tooth agenesis. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:202-6. [PMID: 22191848 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.629626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of the polymorphisms in the TGFB3 gene (rs2268626) and the BMP4 gene (rs17563) with isolated human tooth agenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-five unrelated individuals (125 control individuals without tooth agenesis and 50 cases with tooth agenesis) were evaluated using a case-control design. The participants of the study were recruited through the Dental School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms for TGFB3 (48 individuals with tooth agenesis and 125 control cases) and BMP4 (46 individuals with tooth agenesis and 88 control cases) were carried out by real-time PCR using the Taqman assay method from a genomic DNA isolated from buccal epithelial cells of all individuals. RESULTS Significant statistical differences were found for genotype frequencies between tooth agenesis and TGFB3 control samples (p = 0.026). In addition, significant differences were also observed for allele and genotype frequencies between unilateral tooth agenesis and TGFB3 control samples (p = 0.014 and 0.004 for allele and genotype frequencies, respectively). For BMP4, genotype distribution had a statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.047). The GG genotype of BMP4 was more frequent in individuals with three or more missing teeth than in the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that polymorphisms in the TGFB3 gene and in BMP4 genes contribute to tooth agenesis. Nonetheless, the extents to which this polymorphism may actually contribute to the tooth agenesis status should be clarified.
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Mohazab L, Koivisto L, Jiang G, Kytömäki L, Haapasalo M, Owen G, Wiebe C, Xie Y, Heikinheimo K, Yoshida T, Smith C, Heino J, Häkkinen L, McKee M, Larjava H. Critical role for αvβ6 integrin in enamel biomineralization. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:732-44. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel has the highest degree of biomineralization of all vertebrate hard tissues. During the secretory stage of enamel formation, ameloblasts deposit an extracellular matrix that is in direct contact with ameloblast plasma membrane. Although it is known that integrins mediate cell-matrix adhesion and regulate cell signaling in most cell types, the receptors that regulate ameloblast adhesion and matrix production are not well characterized. Thus, we hypothesized that αvβ6 integrin is expressed in ameloblasts where it regulates biomineralization of enamel. Human and mouse ameloblasts were found to express both β6 integrin mRNA and protein. The maxillary incisors of Itgb6−/− mice lacked yellow pigment and their mandibular incisors appeared chalky and rounded. Molars of Itgb6−/− mice showed signs of reduced mineralization and severe attrition. The mineral-to-protein ratio in the incisors was significantly reduced in Itgb6−/− enamel, mimicking hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta. Interestingly, amelogenin-rich extracellular matrix abnormally accumulated between the ameloblast layer of Itgb6−/− mouse incisors and the forming enamel surface, and also between ameloblasts. This accumulation was related to increased synthesis of amelogenin, rather than to reduced removal of the matrix proteins. This was confirmed in cultured ameloblast-like cells, which did not use αvβ6 integrin as an endocytosis receptor for amelogenins, although it participated in cell adhesion on this matrix indirectly via endogenously produced matrix proteins. In summary, integrin αvβ6 is expressed by ameloblasts and it plays a crucial role in regulating amelogenin deposition/turnover and subsequent enamel biomineralization.
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31
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Yang SY, Park BI, Kim HJ, Kang JH, Jung NR, Byun JD, Kim MS, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim SH. Differential Expression of Cyclophilin A and EMMPRIN in Developing Molars of Rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 295:150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Buijs JT, Stayrook KR, Guise TA. TGF-β in the Bone Microenvironment: Role in Breast Cancer Metastases. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2011; 4:261-81. [PMID: 21748439 PMCID: PMC3234330 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide. It has long been known that cancers preferentially metastasize to particular organs, and bone metastases occur in ∼70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer bone metastases are predominantly osteolytic and accompanied by bone destruction, bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia, causing severe morbidity and hospitalization. In the bone matrix, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors, which is released in active form upon tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β, in turn, stimulates bone metastatic cells to secrete factors that further drive osteolytic destruction of the bone adjacent to the tumor, categorizing TGF-β as a crucial factor responsible for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, TGF-β activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increases tumor cell invasiveness and angiogenesis and induces immunosuppression. Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to interrupt this vicious cycle between breast cancer and bone offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention to decrease skeletal metastasis. This review will describe the role of TGF-β in breast cancer and bone metastasis, and pre-clinical and clinical data will be evaluated for the potential use of TGF-β inhibitors in clinical practice to treat breast cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen T. Buijs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Keith R. Stayrook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Theresa A. Guise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Walther Hall R3, #C132, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Charles C, Hovorakova M, Ahn Y, Lyons DB, Marangoni P, Churava S, Biehs B, Jheon A, Lesot H, Balooch G, Krumlauf R, Viriot L, Peterkova R, Klein OD. Regulation of tooth number by fine-tuning levels of receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling. Development 2011; 138:4063-73. [PMID: 21862563 DOI: 10.1242/dev.069195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much of our knowledge about mammalian evolution comes from examination of dental fossils, because the highly calcified enamel that covers teeth causes them to be among the best-preserved organs. As mammals entered new ecological niches, many changes in tooth number occurred, presumably as adaptations to new diets. For example, in contrast to humans, who have two incisors in each dental quadrant, rodents only have one incisor per quadrant. The rodent incisor, because of its unusual morphogenesis and remarkable stem cell-based continuous growth, presents a quandary for evolutionary biologists, as its origin in the fossil record is difficult to trace, and the genetic regulation of incisor number remains a largely open question. Here, we studied a series of mice carrying mutations in sprouty genes, the protein products of which are antagonists of receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling. In sprouty loss-of-function mutants, splitting of gene expression domains and reduced apoptosis was associated with subdivision of the incisor primordium and a multiplication of its stem cell-containing regions. Interestingly, changes in sprouty gene dosage led to a graded change in incisor number, with progressive decreases in sprouty dosage leading to increasing numbers of teeth. Moreover, the independent development of two incisors in mutants with large decreases in sprouty dosage mimicked the likely condition of rodent ancestors. Together, our findings indicate that altering genetic dosage of an antagonist can recapitulate ancestral dental characters, and that tooth number can be progressively regulated by changing levels of activity of a single signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Charles
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Satokata I, Ohshima H, Sato T, Yokoyama M, Yamada Y, Saku T. Morphogenetic roles of perlecan in the tooth enamel organ: an analysis of overexpression using transgenic mice. Matrix Biol 2011; 30:379-88. [PMID: 21933708 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is enriched in the intercellular space of the enamel organ. To understand the role of perlecan in tooth morphogenesis, we used a keratin 5 promoter to generate transgenic (Tg) mice that over-express perlecan in epithelial cells, and examined their tooth germs at tissue and cellular levels. Immunohistochemistry showed that perlecan was more strongly expressed in the enamel organ cells of Tg mice than in wild-type mice. Histopathology showed wider intercellular spaces in the stellate reticulum of the Tg molars and loss of cellular polarity in the enamel organ, especially in its cervical region. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells in Tg mice were irregularly aligned due to excessive deposits of perlecan along the inner, as well as on the outer sides of the HERS. Tg molars had dull-ended crowns and outward-curved tooth roots and their enamel was poorly crystallized, resulting in pronounced attrition of molar cusp areas. In Tg mice, expression of integrin β1 mRNA was remarkably higher at E18, while expression of bFGF, TGF-β1, DSPP and Shh was more elevated at P1. The overexpression of perlecan in the enamel organ resulted in irregular morphology of teeth, suggesting that the expression of perlecan regulates growth factor signaling in a stage-dependent manner during each step of the interaction between ameloblast-lineage cells and mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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35
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Yu Y, Li M, Sun J, Yang M, Long J, Tian W, Tang W, Li T, Liu L. Differential expression of signaling pathways in odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells isolated from the first branchial arch. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 351:85-92. [PMID: 21249430 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for differential expression of signaling pathways in odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells isolated from the first branchial arch of embryonic day 10 (E10) mice by real time RT-PCR microarray. Observations of cellular morphology, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to identify the cell source. A real time RT-PCR microarray was then used to detect the differential expression of signaling pathways in cells dissected from animals at two different developmental stages. These assays identified 25 up-regulated genes and 16 down-regulated genes involved in odontogenic differentiation of the ectomesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch. They represented the main members of Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β, NF-κB, and LDL signaling pathways. This study determined that these signaling pathways are important for odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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36
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Munne PM, Felszeghy S, Jussila M, Suomalainen M, Thesleff I, Jernvall J. Splitting placodes: effects of bone morphogenetic protein and Activin on the patterning and identity of mouse incisors. Evol Dev 2010; 12:383-92. [PMID: 20618434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The single large rodent incisor in each jaw quadrant is evolutionarily derived from a mammalian ancestor with many small incisors. The embryonic placode giving rise to the mouse incisor is considerably larger than the molar placode, and the question remains whether this large incisor placode is a developmental requisite to make a thick incisor. Here we used in vitro culture system to experiment with the molecular mechanism regulating tooth placode development and how mice have thick incisors. We found that large placodes are prone to disintegration and formation of two to three small incisor placodes. The balance between one large or multiple small placodes was altered through the regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Activin signaling. Exogenous Noggin, which inhibits BMP signaling, or exogenous Activin cause the development of two to three incisors. These incisors were more slender than normal incisors. Additionally, two inhibitor molecules, Sostdc1 and Follistatin, which regulate the effects of BMPs and Activin and have opposite expression patterns, are likely to be involved in the incisor placode regulation in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of BMPs by recombinant Noggin has been previously suggested to cause a change in the tooth identity from the incisor to the molar. This evidence has been used to support a homeobox code in determining tooth identity. Our work provides an alternative interpretation, where the inhibition of BMP signaling can lead to splitting of the large incisor placode and the formation of partly separate incisors, thereby acquiring molar-like morphology without a change in tooth identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina M Munne
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Kelly RJ, Morris JC. Transforming growth factor-beta: a target for cancer therapy. J Immunotoxicol 2010; 7:15-26. [PMID: 19916703 DOI: 10.3109/15476910903389920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a pleiotropic growth factor that regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immune responses. TGF-beta demonstrates paradoxical action whereby it can function to suppress early tumorigenesis; however, it can also facilitate malignant transformation and stimulate tumor growth by manipulating a more hospitable environment for tumor invasion and the development of metastases. Given the integral role of TGF-beta in transformation and cancer progression, various components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway offer potentially attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-beta in cancer and discusses both small and large molecule drugs currently in development that target TGF-beta, its receptor and important down stream steps along its signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J Kelly
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Smith CE, Wazen R, Hu Y, Zalzal SF, Nanci A, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Consequences for enamel development and mineralization resulting from loss of function of ameloblastin or enamelin. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:485-97. [PMID: 19758243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the nonamelogenin proteins, ameloblastin and enamelin, are both low-abundance and rapidly degrading components of forming enamel, they seem to serve essential developmental functions, as suggested by findings that an enamel layer fails to appear on teeth of mice genetically engineered to produce either a truncated form of ameloblastin (exons 5 and 6 deleted) or no enamelin at all (null). The purpose of this study was to characterize, by direct micro weighing, changes in enamel mineralization occurring on maxillary and mandibular incisors of mice bred for these alterations in nonamelogenin function (Ambn(+/+, +/-5,6, -5,6/-5,6), Enam(+/+, +/- ,-/-)). The results indicated similar changes to enamel-mineralization patterns within the altered genotypes, including significant decreases by as much as 50% in the mineral content of maturing enamel from heterozygous mice and the formation of a thin, crusty, and disorganized mineralized layer, rather than true enamel, on the labial (occlusal) surfaces of incisors and molars along with ectopic calcifications within enamel organ cells in Ambn(-5,6/-5,6) and Enam(-/-) homozygous mice. These findings confirm that both ameloblastin and enamelin are required by ameloblasts to create an enamel layer by appositional growth as well as to assist in achieving its unique high level of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Smith
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gao Y, Li D, Han T, Sun Y, Zhang J. TGF-beta1 and TGFBR1 are expressed in ameloblasts and promote MMP20 expression. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:885-90. [PMID: 19462458 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling exerts a wide spectrum of biological functions. To investigate TGF-beta signaling in amelogenesis, we initially assessed the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in developing teeth by immunohistochemistry. Both TGF-beta1 and TGFBR1 were strongly expressed in secreting ameloblasts. Next, we studied the effects of TGF-beta signaling on the expression of MMP20 and KLK4 mRNA using ameloblast-lineage cells (ALC) in vitro. Our RT-PCR study showed that TGF-beta1, TGFBR1, and enamel matrix proteases (MMP20 and KLK4) were expressed in ALC. Following TGF-beta1 treatment, the expression of MMP20 mRNA, but not KLK4 mRNA, was significantly upregulated. To further confirm the TGF-beta signaling involvement in the MMP20 expression, we constructed the activated TGFBR1 vector and transfected the construct into ALC. The activated TGFBR1 notably promoted MMP20 expression, but had no obvious effects on the KLK4 mRNA expression. Our studies strongly suggest that TGF-beta signaling involved in amelogenesis is partially mediated by regulating the expression of MMP20 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Tsuchiya M, Sharma R, Tye CE, Sugiyama T, Bartlett JD. Transforming growth factor-beta1 expression is up-regulated in maturation-stage enamel organ and may induce ameloblast apoptosis. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:105-12. [PMID: 19320718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) regulates a variety of cellular responses that are dependent on the developmental stage and on the origins of the cell or the tissue. In mature tissues, and especially in tissues of epithelial origin, TGF-beta1 is generally considered to be a growth inhibitor that may also promote apoptosis. The ameloblast cells of the enamel organ epithelium are adjacent to and responsible for the developing enamel layer on unerupted teeth. Once the enamel layer reaches its full thickness, the tall columnar secretory-stage ameloblasts shorten, and a portion of these maturation-stage ameloblasts become apoptotic. Here we investigate whether TGF-beta1 plays a role in apoptosis of the maturation-stage ameloblasts. We demonstrate in vitro that ameloblast lineage cells are highly susceptible to TGF-beta1-mediated growth arrest and are prone to TGF-beta1-mediated cell death/apoptosis. We also demonstrate in vivo that TGF-beta1 is expressed in the maturation-stage enamel organ at significantly higher levels than in the earlier secretory-stage enamel organ. This increased expression of TGF-beta1 correlates with an increase in expression of the enamel organ immediate-early stress-response gene and with a decrease in the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 : Bax expression ratio. We conclude that TGF-beta1 may play an important role in ameloblast apoptosis during the maturation stage of enamel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor Exerts Promoting Functions on Murine Dental Papilla Cells. J Endod 2009; 35:382-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Miyoshi K, Nagata H, Horiguchi T, Abe K, Arie Wahyudi I, Baba Y, Harada H, Noma T. BMP2-induced gene profiling in dental epithelial cell line. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2009; 55:216-26. [PMID: 18797134 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.55.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and their reciprocal molecular signaling. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known as one of the inducers for tooth development. To analyze the molecular mechanisms of BMP2 on ameloblast differentiation (amelogenesis), we performed microarray analyses using rat dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7. After confirming that BMP2 could activate the canonical BMP-Smads signaling in HAT-7 cells, we analyzed the effects of BMP2 on 14,815 gene expressions and profiled them. Seventy-three genes were up-regulated and 28 genes were down-regulated by BMP2 treatment for 24 hours in HAT-7 cells. Functional classification revealed that 18% of up-regulated genes were ECM/adhesion molecules present in the enamel organ. Furthermore, we examined the expression of several differentiation markers in dental epithelial four cell-lineages including inner enamel epithelium (ameloblasts), stratum intermedium, stratum reticulum, and outer enamel epithelium. The results indicated that BMP2 might induce at least two different cell-lineage markers including a BMP antagonist expressed in HAT-7 cells, suggesting that BMP2 could accelerate amelogenesis via BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Differential expression of LAR tyrosine phosphatase in the rat developing molar tooth germ. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:947-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hao J, Varshney RR, Wang DA. TGF-β3: A promising growth factor in engineered organogenesis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1485-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.10.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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